LUAT KINH TE
BAN CHAT CUA TAP TRUNG KINH TE VA KDEM SOAT TAP TRUNG KINH TE
PHAM TRI HUNG*
H A NGOC ANH**
Tom tat:
Bai viet nay phdn tieh ban chdt cua tap trung kinh te, bdn chdt cita kiim sodt tap trung kinh li; tit- do dua ra mpl so de xudt de hodn thien cdc quy dinh cd lien quan cita phdp ludt cgnh tranh Viet Nam.
Kit lugn chinh dugc dua ra la ban chdt ciia tap trung kinh te chinh Id tgp trung quyin luc thi truang;
bdn ehdt eiia kiem sodt tap trun^ kinh te la kiem sodt viec tap trung quyen luc thi truang dirge thirc hiin b&i ca quan nhd nude ed thdm quyen theo quy dinh eua phdp ludt. Id mpt hinh thiic kiim sodt nhd nude ddi v&i hogt dpng cua cdc chti the kinh doanh.
Abstract:
This article analyses the nature of economic concentration, the nature of control of economic concentration; thereby proposes a number of proposals to improve the relevant provisions of the Competition Law Vietnam. The main conclusion is: the nature of economic concentration is concentrated market power; the nature of the control of economic concentration is control of market power by slate authorized agencies under the law, it is a form of state control over the activities of the business entity.
H
oan tMen he tiidng phap luat bao dam canh tranh binh dang, minh bach cua doanh ngMep thugc mgi thanh phan kinh te la mgt ttong nhiing ngi dung quan frgng da dugc de cap ttong Dai hgi lan tiiii XI cua Ding', nhim tiep tue hoin tMen the che kinh te tiii trudng djnh hudng xa hgi chu ngMa. De lam dugc dieu do, viec hoan tMen phap luit canh ttanh vdi vai ttd dugc coi la try cot cua phip Iuat kinh te cdng, la "Hien phap" cua thj trudng nhu cich vi von cua cac nha khoa hgc la yeu eau can tMet ttong giai doan Men nay^. \^ec stta doi Luit Canh tranh dugc coi l i mgt v i n de quan trgng ttong cMen lugc phat trien kinh te - xa hgi ciia Viet Nara giai doan 2011-2020. Co quan Hgp tac qu6c te Nhit B i n (JICA) va Cye Quin ly canh ttanh (VCA) Viet Nara da ky ket Bien bin thao luan cho Du an Cai tMen khu6n khd ' TS Lutt hoc, giang vien Khoa Luat Thucmg mai, Tni&ng DH LuSt Tp. H6 Chi Minli.*' NCS. Tmimg DH Luat Tp, Ho Chi Minh, ThS- GVC, Truimg DH An ninh nhan dan.
' Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, Van kien Dgi hoi dgi bieu loan quoc ldn thu XI, Nxb, Chinh tri quoc gia, tr. 37.
^ Xem: Le Ngpc Thach, "M6t s6 bit cap ciia phap lu^t canh tranh hi?n hanh", Tgp chi Ddn chit va phap ludi Online, http://moj.gov.vn/tcdcpl/tintuc/Lists/
PhapLuatKinhTe/View_detaiLaspx?ItemID=369.
phip ly cho luat va chinh sach canh tranh, ttong do CO ngi dung quan ttgng la giup Cue Quan ly canh tranh thye Men sira doi Lu$t Canh franh d l luit phil hgp vdi boi canh cae boat dgng ldnh te nhu hoat dgng sip nhip va mua lai ngiy cang gia tang^. Trong boi canh fren, viec ngMen ciiu nhiing co sd ly luin v i tiiyc tien, dong gop y kien de hoin tMen phap luat v i kiira soat tip trung kinh te (TTKT) la cin tiiilt va cip bich.
Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi ngMen ciru, tira Meu ban chit ctia tip trung kmh tl, ban chit cua Idem soat tap tnmg kinh t l la co sd dl dua ra ragt so de xuit nham hoan tMen cae quy dinh CO lien quan cua phap luat canh ti-anh Viet Nara.
L Ban chat cua tap t m n g kinh te Theo Dilu 16 Luat Canh tranh nam 2004, TTKT la hinh vi cita doanh ngMep bao g6m:
1. Sap nhap doanh ngMep; 2. Hgp nhat doanh ngMep; 3. Mua lai doanh ngMep; 4. Lien doanh gitia cac doanh ngMep; 5. Cac hanh vi tap tiimg kinh te khae theo quy dinh eua phap luat. Phip luit canh ttanh Viet Nam kh6ng dua ra djnh ngMa TTKT ma su dung phuong phap Uet ke 4
^ Nang cap lu^t va chinh sach canh tranh Viet Nam, http://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/DuThao/Lists/TT_
TINLAPPHAP/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=518.
20 TAP CHi KHOA HOC PHAP LYSO 5/2014 hanh vi TTKT co bin cua doanh ngMep va co
dy lieu din hanh vi tip trung kinh t l khic theo quy djnh ciia phip luit nhung chua dua ra diu hieu cu till cua hinh vi khac nay. _
Theo Tu diln Thuit ngu kinh t l e6ng ngMep va luit canh ttanh ciia To chiic Hgp tic va phat ttiln kinh t l (OECD), tap tiimg (concentration) la tmh trang kM m6t s6 it cdng ty thuc Men mgt khii lugng ldn boat dgng kinh te tten thj trudng dua tten ting doanh thu, tai san hoac lao dgng sii dimg. Ci day c6 b i n goc nhin d6i vdi khai mem tip trung: (i) tap trung tong hgp the Men vi tri tuong doi cua cic doanh ngMep ldn ttong nen kinh t l d l phuc vy cho phan tich kmh tS, chinh trj va tiling ke; (ii) tip trung cdng ngMep hay thi trudng the Men vi tri tuong ddi va mire do quyin lyc thi tiirdng cua cac doanh ngMep ldn ttong linh vuc cong ngMep hoac thuong mai de phuc vu cho kiem soit chong dgc quyen; (hi) tip himg tieu dimg the Men thj phin eua sin phim cd mgt s6 lugng nhit dinh ngudi mua tren thj trudng va (iv) tip trung tai sin the Men xu hu(5ng thay doi cua dong tu ban tten thj trudng chiing khoan''. Trong kinh te hgc va frong khoa hgc phip ly Viet Nara, khai mem TTKT duge xem xet chu yeu nhu tip trung cdng ngMep hay thj trudng. OECD cung dua ra nhirng ggi y ve khu6n kho cho viec- xiy dung va thuc tM luit v i chinh sach canh tranh frong tii lieu A Frameworkfor the Design and Implementation of Competition Law andPolic)^. Trong tai lieu nay co chuang cu the lien quan din TTKT dudi ten §,oi Mergers (Sip nhip), qua day cho thiy cich tiep can pho bien d l kilm soit TTKT fren the gidi kh6ng dugc ggi true tilp la kilm soit TTKT nhu ttong phap luit Viet Nam ma th6ng qua cae thuit ngtt kiira soat sap nhap, mua lai va gan vdi khii mSm kilm soat tap tiimg quyin
•• Glossary of industrial organisation economics and competition law, OECD, 1993, wvm.oecdor^
dalaoecd/8/6l/23 76087.pdf,
'http://www.oecd.org/regreforra/sectors/aframe- workforthedesignandimpleftientationofcompetitionla- wandpolicyhtm. Tai lieu nay da dupc djch sang tilng Vi8t c6 nhan de la Khuon khS cho viec xdy dung vd thuc Ihi Lugt vd Chinh sdch cgnh tranh, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, 2004.
luc thi trudng {market powerf.
Trong Luin i n Tien sT khoa hgc p h ^ ly ctia minh Kovalkova M.V dua ra djnh ngMa chung ve TTKT la viec ihyc Men thong qua cac thu tuc td chuc lai hoac hgp ddng qua trinh tap tiimg cac tai nguyen vit chit v i quan 1^ de cimg cl vj tri kinh te iDua ehu the kinh doanh d i tin tai hoac dugc td ehiic lai, d i n den viec chit thi co the gay anh hudng den hoat d g i ^ kinh doanh cua cic chii the khac hoic anh hudng den thi trudng lien quan'.
Luit mau ve canh franh eua UNCTAD kh6ng dua ra khai mem tap trung kinh te ma sti dung tiiuat ngii "sip nhip va raua lai" '{merge and acquisition) de cM tinh huong kM giiia hai hoac nMeu ban cic doanh ngMep thuc Men hoat dgng hgp phip theo do doanh ngMep hgp nhat quyen sd hiiu d6i V(ji tai san ma tmdc kia dugc kiem soat rieng biet. Tinh hu6ng nay bao g6m cic boat dgng thiu tom, lien doanh v i cac hinh tiiiic gianh quyen kiem soat khac, bao gom c i viec ching ban nhu cd chung cic giam doc {interlocking directorates - dugc Meu l i viec mgt ca nhan kiera nMera chtic vu quan ly d nMeu doanh ngMep khie nliau)^
NMn nhan TTKT tir nMeu goc do khac nhau
* Quyen !iic thi truang hay con gpi \k sue manh thi truong la kha n5ng chi phoi, tac dpng tax gia ca hang h6a tren thi truong cua doanh nghi?p. Quyen \\fc thi truong vl the ciing chinh la kha n ^ g chi phoi, tac dpng tdi gid cS h ^ g hoa, djch vu trfin thi truimg ctia doanh nghiip.
Viec do lu6ng, xac dinh siic manh thj tru6ng la kha phiic tap, cdn su h6 trg ciia cac cong cu ciia kinh te lupng vd toan kinh tl. Nhin chung, quyin lire thj truong cua doanh nghiep bj chi phdi boi nhilu yiu to kh^c nhau, trong do CO yeu to ve th| phan cua doanh nghi?p tren thi tnrong, sfl lupng va quy mo cua doi thu c^inh tranh, cac rao can gia nhap ho3c nit khoi thi truong... Trich theo: Nguyen Van Cuong, Tieu chi ddnh gid ttnh cgnh tranh bdt hgp phap cua mot so nudc vd mgt so binh ludn vi Lugt Cgnh tranh cua We/A^om, Nxb Tuphap, 2006, tr. 15,16.
•^ KoBajiLKOBa M.B., rocyflapcTBeHHtitt aHTHMOHOnontHtlR KOHTpOJIb B pOCCHfiCKOM H aMepracaHCKOM irpaBe: CpaEHHrejiBHo-npaBOBOIi acneKT, flwcKaHA. lopHfl. HayK. CiaBponojib, 2005.
(Kovalkova M.V., Kiim sodt chdng doc quyin nha nudc trong ludt Nga va Hoa Ky: tic goc do .so sdnh ludt, Lu$n in Tiln sTLuat, Stavropol, 2005).
* NguIn: http://unctad.ors/en/Docs/tdrbpconf7L2_
en.pdf.
LUAT KINH TE 21 va diln ti nd bang nhiing thuit ngii phai) ^y ^^p
nhau, song da sd eic nhi ngMen ciiu th6ng nhat vdi nhau ye cac dac diem cua TTKT:
TTni- nhat, chu thi thuc Men hanh vi TTKT la cac doanh ngMep' boat dgng fren thj trudng.
Cac doanh ngMep thara gia TTKT eo the li cac doanh ngMep boat dgng frong cimg hoac khong trong cimg thi hurdng Uen quan. Dac diera phii CO tir hai doanh ngMep frd len tiiam gia TTKT da giup phan biet TTKT dudi goe do phip ly vdi TTKT dudi goc do kinh te (duge Meu la sy tang trudng ngi sinh cua mgt doanh ngMep tren eo sd ty md rgng nang lue san xuit kinh doanh eiia nunh"^). Dau Meu chu the tiiyc Men hanh vi TTKT la doanh ngMep ciing giiip phin biet TTKT vdi hanh vi diu tu vao doanh ngMep ciia cac ea nhin. Yai vai fro la nha diu tu, cac ci nhin co the gop v6n vio nMeu doanh ngMep va li ehil sd hiiu cua nMeu ca sd kmh doanh nhung viec gdp v6n niy theo phap luit Viet Nam kh6ng phai la hinh vi TTKT.
Thir hai, TTKT duge thye Men dudi cac Mnh thirc nhit djnh theo quy dinh ctia phap luat bao gom: sap nhap, hgp nhit, mua lai va hen doanh giiia cac doanh ngMep. Die dilm niy giup khoa hgc phip ly phan biet TTKT vdi tich tu tu bin la tang tiiem tu ban dya vio tich My gia tii thing du, biln mgt phin gia tri thing du thinh tu bin''. Mgt doanh ngMep co tiie tich tu tu ban dl CO dugc vj fri ding ke tren thj tiirdng, song dl dilu do xiy ra doi hoi mgt khoang thoi gian kha dai. Trong kM do, TTKT cung cd (Mu Meu ciia su tich ty nhung khong phai tii kit qui kmh doanh ma tu hanh vi cita doanh ngMep.
Trong hanh vi TTKT dudi hinh thiic mua lai hoac lien doanh, cac doanh ngMep thye Men sy lien kit ve sd hiru, ttong do chu the thuc Men viec mua lai nhara muc dich sd hiiu toan
bg hoac ragt phin tai san/v6n dieu le du de kiem soit doanh ngMep khac, lim thay d6i ca ciu sd hiiu cita doanh ngMep niy; cic chti the thue Men lien doanh cimg nhau gdp v6n vao doanh ngMep chung. Diy li diera khae biet co ban cua TTKT so vdi cac hanh vi ban che canh ttanh khac nhu thoa thuan ban che canh ttanh, lam dung vj tti th6ng linh, vj fri dgc quyen bdi cie hinh vi niy khong din den thay doi co ciu sd huu ciing nhu td chuc quan ly ciia doanh ngMep.
Thif ba, ket qui eua TTKT la viec Mnh thanh nen doanh ngMep co siic raanh thi trudng, co nang lyc canh tranh tong hgp hoac Uen ket thanh nhora doanh ngMep, tap doan kinh te, tu d6 lam thay ddi ciu tnic tiii tiirdng va tuong quan canh ttanh Men cd tten thj trudng'^.
Thir tu, dya vao nhiing tieu cM nhit djnh theo quy dinh cua phap luit canh ttanh, Nha nudc thuc Men viec kiem soat hanh vi TTKT ciia cic doanh ngMep.
Tim Meu quy djnh ttong phip luat va ttong ngMen ciiu khoa hgc phip ly d cac nudc tten the gidi, ed the thiy TTKT dugc tiep can chu y6u tir kM'a canh giinh quyen kiem soit, quyen quin ly phit smh tir quyen sd hiiu tai san, phan von gop. Nhu viy co the Meu bdn chdt cda TTKT Id tap trung qiiyen luc thi tru&ng*^ vi viec tip trung niy dugc thye Men dudi cic hinh thiic khac nhau nhung deu co ehung diu Meu li lim ting kha nang duy tri gia ca tten muc gia canh tranh hoic giim chit lugng hoac san lugng xu6ng dudi miic canh franh ma van thu dugc lgi nhuan'*.
Viec xic dinh ban chit cua TTKT la tap
' Theo each hieu pho bien ciia phap luat canh tranh xu^t phat tii Dilu 2 Luat C?inh tranh nam 2004, doanh nghi?p la to churc, cdnhSn kinh doanh. Viec ca nhan kinh doanh thuc hien hanh vi TTKT can dugrc xem xet them.
'" Xem: Le Viit Thai, Chuyen dl nghien cuu vl hdnh vi t|ip trung kinh tl, Dl tii nghiSn etiu khoa hpc
"The ehe canh tranh tai ViSt Nam ttong dieu kien phat ttign kinh tl thj truong tai Vigt Nam", Vign Nghifin cuu thuang mai, Bp Thuong mai, 2005.
" Xem: Tir dien Kinh le chinh tri hpc,'NxhTiinb^, 1987,0-. 403.
'^ Xem: Le Danh VTnh, Hoang XuSn Bac, Nguyen Ngoc Son, Phdp ludt cgnh tranh tgi Viel Nam, Nxb Tu- phap, 2006; Nguyen Ngpc Son, "Kilm soat TTKT theo phap luat canh tranh va van dl cua Viet Nam", T?p chi Nghien ciru lap phdp. So 79, thang 7/2006.
" Chiing toi nhin manh.
'^ Xem: Hudng ddn ve sdp nhgp theo chiiu ngang cua Bp Tu phap va Uy ban Thucmg mai c6ng bSng Hoa Ky 1992 vh Hudng ddn cua Cue Thuang mgi cong bang Anh vi Ddnh gid sue mgnh thi trudng 2004 (OFT 415).Trich theo: Luu Huong Ly, "Dinh gid siic manh thj truong ttong Luat canh tranh n3m 2004", http://vnclp.gov.vn/ct/cms/tintuc/Lists/ThucTienP- hapLuat/View_detail.aspx?ItemID-84.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC PHAP LYSO 5/2014 trur^ siic manh tiu tiirdng se la ca sd de ra soit
lai quy dinh ciia phap Mat Viet Nam v l hanh yi TTKT cua doanh ngMep, die biet lien quan den hanh vi TTKT tiieo chilu dgc, TTKT dudi Mnh thuc Uen kit tiiong qua dgi ngii lanh dao, quan ly chung" va TTKT dugc thye Men ngoai lanh thi Viet Nam.
2. Ban chat ciia Idem soat tap trung ldnh te TTKT dugc M I U nhu hanh vi ctia doanh ngMep tiiuc Men quyen ty do kmh doanh, ty do tiiay dli co ciu t6 chuc, co ciu sd hiiu. Viec doanh ngMep thuc Men hanh vi TTKT du(ii Mnh thiic sip nhip, hgp nhit, raua lai thong thudng duge coi la bien phap to chiic lai doanh ngMep hoae hinh thiie d i u tu va dugc dieu chinh bing phip luat doanh ngMep, phip luit diu tu'" va phap luit khac co Uen quan.
Mat khac, TTKT co the din t(5i viec Mnh thanh cac tip doan kmh te, doanh ngMep l(in manh va co the gay ban che canh tranh mgt each dang ke", bdi viy nen Nha nudc phai thue Men kiem soat TTKT. Bdn chdt cUa kiem sodt
'^ Phap luat canh ttanh Viet Nam chua de cap den viec kiem soat hinh thuc lien ket thong qua dpi ngu ianh dao, quan ly chung. Dang TTKT ndy e6 kha nang xay ra trong tuong lai ciing vdi sir da dang hoat dpng kinh doanh ciia cac doanh nghiep tren thi truong, va CO the gay han che canh tranh cr miic d6 nhit dinh hoac ldm gia tang nguy co thoa thuan giiJa cac doanh nghiep sau khi tien hanh TTKT.
'* Khoan 2 Dieu 24 Luat Ddu tu nam 2005 quy dinh:
"Nha ddu lu dugc quyen sdp nhgp, mua lgi cong ty, chi nhdnh. Dieu kien sdp nhgp, mua lgi cong ly, chi nhdnh theo quy dinh ciia Ludt ndy. phdp lugt ve cgnh tranh vd cdc quy dinh khde cua phdp ludt co lien quan."
" Khoan 3 Dilu 3 Luat Canh tranh ndm 2004 gidi thich hanh vi han che citnh tranh la hanh vi cua doanh nghiep lam giam, sai lech, cdn tro canh tranh tr6n thj truang va khdng djnh TTKT Id hanh vi han c h l canli tranh. TTKT rQ rdng lam giam s6 d l i thii canh ttanh tren thi truong. Theo Thong bao 1999-2 cua Ciy ban Thuang mai cong bang Hdn Q u i c , cac vu viSc sap nhap gay han che canh tranh dang k l hoac sap nhap gay han che canh tranh la cdc vu viec sdp nhap lam suy giam canh tranh trong mgt khu vuc thuong mai cu the nhdm tao ra hoac ciing c l dilu kien ttong do mot doanh nghiep hodc mot nhom doanh nghiep nhdt dinh tu do gdy dnh huong hodc co khd nang tu do gay dnh huong toi gia ca, sdn luong, chit lucmg cua san phdm, dnh huong toi dieu kien thu{mg mai. Trich theo: Cue Qudn ly canh tranh, Bo Thuong mai, Kyyiu Hoi thdo Ddng gop y kien vdo Du thdo Hu&ng ddn tfii hdnh Ludi Cgnh tranh, Tp. H6 Chi Minh, 25-26/04/2005.
TTKT duge hieu Id kiim sodt viec tap ti-ung quyin luc thi tiv&ng dugc thuc hiin b&i ca quan nhd nu&c cd thdm quyin theo quy dinh cita phdp ludt. Id mpt hinh thiec kiim sodt nhd nu&c ddi v&i hogt dpng ciia cdc chu the lank doanh"^. Viec kiem soat TTKT kh6ng co muc dich c i m doan, ban che cic hinh vi TTKT ma nhim de b i o ve canh tranh, ch6ng cic hanh vi han che canh tranh - lam giam, sai lech, can frd canh franh frSn thi trudng.
D I bao dira kh6ng x i m pham vao quyin ty do kinh doanh va b i o ve canh ti^nh tien thuang trudng, cac nha lap phap dua ra cac tieu cM (nguong) nhit dinh de kiera soat TTKT va nguong nay ve nguyen tie chti yeu phai dua tien thudc do quyen lyc tiii trudng.
Phap luit canh tranh cita Viet Nam chii yeu dya v i o thi phin cita cac doanh ngMep lien quan de danh gii quyen lyc thi trudng" va thong nhat liy miie tiu phin 30% lim thuoc do de suy doan quyen lye thj trudng cua (cac) doanh ngMep do^". Phip luit Viet Nam quy djnh ve viec tiTi6ng bao bat bugc doi vdi cac vu TTKT kM thi phin ket hgp cita cac doanh ngMep tiiam gia TTKT tii 30% d i n 50% tten thj trudi^ Uen quan. Cac vu TTKT co tiii phan ket hgp fren 50% tten tiii tiirdng lien quan se hi cira tiii pM vu viec dd dugc hudng mien tiir tiieo Dieu 19 cua Luat Canh tiranh hoae doanh ngMep sau kM thuc Men tip trung kinh te van thugc loai doanh ngMep nho v i vira. CM khi n i o cac doanh ngMep tham gia TTKT dat den
'* Chiing toi nhan manh.
" Nghi dinh sl n6/2005/ND-CP ngdy 15/9/2005 ciia Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh mfit so digu eiia Ludt Canh tranh khong dua them quy dinh nao dl huijng dan cu the hon viec xac dinh quySn lyc thj trutmg ngoai viec quy dinh each thuc xdc dinh doanh thu, doanh sd de xac dinh thi phan cua doanh nghiep.
^"Viec liy miie thi phdn 30% lam 'nguOng' de ap dung eac quy dinh cam trong Luat Canh tranh ciia Viet Nam duoc gidi thich nhu sau: "-muc 30% la mUc da dugc nhiiu nudc tren the gidi dp dung vd Phdp lenh Buu chlnh viin ihong hien nay cung dang su dung di xdc dinh mot doanh nghiep cd vi Iri chi phoi thi trirdng... mot doanh nghiep cd thi phdn tren thi tnr&ng lien quan dgt tu 30% trd ten se bi coi Id cd Vf iri thong Unh thj trudng vd cdn phdi dugc kiim sodf - Xem: To ttinh cua Chinh phti ve Du dn Ludt Canh tranh, thang 4/2004, tr. 8 - 9.
LUAT KINH TE 23 nguong thi phan phip luat canh ttanh da quy
djnh tM mdi bj Nhi nudc kiem soit, con neu ehua dat den ngudng nay co quyen ty do Ihyc Men hgp nhit, sap nhip, mua lai, lien doanh theo quy dinh ctia phap luit lien quan.
O cac nudc tten the gidi, tieu cM chit yeu dugc sti dung de xem xet cac vu TTKT la thi phan ket hgp, tong doanh tiiu bang nam cua cac doanh ngMep tham gia TTKT, tong tai san, ca ciu thi trudng, cac rauc do tap trung tten thi trudng, rao can gia nhap va vj tri canh tranh cua cac doanh ngMep khic tten thj trudng Uen quan... Cac tieu cM nay the Men ttong cac quy djnh cita phip Mat canh ttanh va co su khic nhau d moi quoc gia tuy vao dieu kien kinh te - xa hgi ciia cac nudc.
Tim Meu ban chit cita kiem soat TTKT giup xic djnh cie ngi ham cy the ciia phap Mat Idem soit TTKT - bao gom eic vin de nhu: doi tugng kiem soit, pham vi kiem soat, nguong kiem soit, co quan thye Men kiem soit vi thu tuc kiem soit th6ng qua thong bio TTKT. Phip Mat kiem soit TTKT the Men ro tinh chit cua phap Mat canh ttanh la phip luit c6ng, nam frong t6ng the eic quy djnh phap luat dieu chinh hoat dgng cua cac chu the kinh doanh. Phucmg phip dieu chinh ciia phap luat kiem soit TTKT mang tinh chit menh lenh hinh cMnh, bat huge cac doanh ngMep thye Men TTKT khi dat den ngudng thj phin itiiat dinh phii th6ng bio TTKT. Thiy ro bin chat ciia kiem soit TTKT, co the xac dinh vi pham phap Mat kiem soit TTKT ve ban chat raang tinh chat cua vi phara hanh chinh de tu day co each thiic xu ly phii hgp.
3. Mot so de xuat hoan thien quy dinh ve TTKT va kiem soat TTKT
Tren co sd xac djnh ban chat TTKT va kiem soat TTKT nhu da trinh bay d tren, chiing t6i xin dua ra mgt so de xuat de hoan tMen cac quy dinh lien quan frong phap Mat canh ttanh Viet Nam.
Thii nhit, co the dura vao Luat Canh tranh hay Nghi dinh hu(5fng dan tiii hinh Luit Canh tranh dinh ngMa the Men ban chat cua TTKT nhu sau: TTKT la hanh vl cua doanh ngMep tiiyc Men viec tap tnmg quyen lyc tbi trudng
thong qua cic thii tuc to chtic lai hoac hgp dong tip tnmg cac tii nguyen vit chat va quin ly de cung CO vi tri kinh te cua chit the kinh doanh da t6n tai hoac dugc t6 ehiic lai, tian den viec chit the CO the giy anh hudng den boat dgng kinb doanh cita cac chii the khic hoic inh hudng den thj trudng lien quan.
Thu hai, neu da xac dinh ban chit cita TTKT la tip trung quyen lyc thj trudng tM cin md rgng ddi tugng, pham vi dieu chinh ciia kiem soat TTKT va can bo sung cic tieu cM de xac (iinh ngudng Idem soit TTKT; cu the la: (i) md rgng Mnh thuc va hanh vi giao djch TTKT can dieu cbinb (cin kiera soat ca TTKT theo cMeu dgc va cac giao djch nhu raua lai co phan cua CO dong thieu so, mua tai san...); (ii) xem xet kiem soit cic giao djch TTKT dugc tiiuc Men ngoai lanh tho Viet Nam nhung c6 tic dgng gay ban che canh ttanh mgt cich dang ke tten thj trudng \^et Nam^'; (iii) b6 sung vao ngudng thong bao TTKT (ben canh tieu cM ve thj phin) tieu cM ve tong doanh thu cua cac doanh ngMep tiiam gia TTKT (doanh ngMep cd the de dang cung cap so lieu ve doanh thu ciia cac ben thara gia TTKT vi ngudng thong bio TTKT theo doanh thu la phii hgp vdi kinh ngMem cita cac nude tren tiie gidi ttong kilm soat TTKT)^^
Thii ba, can xic djnh ro chinh sach canh ttanh noi chung va chinh sich kiem soit TTKT noi rieng, tten eo sd do xic djnh va quy djnh ro vai tto ctia eo quan thuc Men viec kiem soat TTKT. Theo kinh nghiem cita nhilu nudc tten the gidi, co quan thuc Men viec kiem soat TTKT nen la co quan tryc thugc CMnh phit de bio dim hieu qui boat dgng va thuc thi phap Mat cua co quan nay. •
^' Khodn 1 Digu 2 Ludt Csinh tranh nam 2004 da xac dmh pham vi dieu chinh cua Luat Canh tranh Id dp dung doi vdi doanh nghiep nuoc ngoai hoat dpng tai Viet Nam, vin dl chi la thing nhdt each hiiu thg ndo la doanh nghiep nude ngoai hoat dpng tai Viet Nam.
^ 6 day chiing toi thing nhit voi nhQng khuyin nghi ciia nhom nghign cuu trong Bao cdo Tap trung kinh tg 2012, trong Bdo cao rd sodt cac quy dinh eiia phap ludt eanh tranh Vigt Nam, Cue Qudn ly eanh tranh, Bp Cdng Thuong, 2012.
