7ld kdnh fjidfi. luM S67 (340) - 2020
THI H A N H P H A P LUAT V£ B I N H DiNG 6101 VA PHONG, CHfiNG BAG LUC TRtN C0 SA GlOl
• ThS. NGUY£N THI THU THOY *
T&m tdt: Bdi viet ndy phdn tich tinh hinh thi hdnh phdp lugt vi binh dang giai vd phong. chong bgo /{/c trin ca sa giai vai nhirng ket qua dgt duge, mgt so ton tgi. hgn che vd nguyen nhdn. Tir do. dira ra cdc gidi phdp nhdm tang cuang hi$u qud thi hdnh phdp lugt ve binh ddng gi&i vd phong. chong bgo lire tren ca sa giai a Vi^t Nam hi$n nay
Abstract: This paper analyzes the implementation ofthe law on gender equality and the prevention and fighting against gender-based violence with the achieved results, some shortcomings, litnilations and causes. Since then, il has proposed solutions to enhance the effective implementation of the law on gender equality and the prevention and fighting against gender-based violence in Vielnam today.
1. Tinh hinh thi h i n h phap luait ve binh dftng gi61 v i phong, ch6ng bao IIJTC tren cv sd
1.1. Nhiing ket qua dat du^c
Sau hon 10 nam Lugt Binh dang gidi dupc ban hkh vi d-iln khai ddng bp tai cac nganh, cac cip da tgo ra hanh lang phap ly cho cdng tac nay vi tgo sy chuyin bien rd rpt trong nhgn thiic cung nhu trong hinh dgng cua cic cip uy Dang, chinh quyin, trong dgi ngu can bg, cdng chiic va nhan d§n. Kit qua thyc thi phap luat ve binh dang gidi (BDG) dupe cdng nhgn qua cac dpt so ket, tdng ket va qua vipc thyc hipn cac chi tieu, muc tieu qudc gia vl BDG trong cac lmh vyc. vi tri vi vai tro cua phy nir trong xa hgi dupc cai thien va ngay cing nang cao. Vipt Nam dupc Lien Hpp qudc cong nhan li qudc gia xda bd khoing each gidi nhanh nhit trong vdng 20 nam qua tai khu vuc Ddng Nam A. Trong 08 lmh vyc ciia ddi sdng chinh tri, kinh tl, van hda, xa hdi quy dinh tgi Luat
Binh dang gidi deu the hipn rd net nhirng tien bg ve BDG. Nam vi nir di dupc tao dieu kipn tdt han vi tien bg hon trong vipc thy hudng vi tiep can vdi cac dich vy xa hgi. Vi dy dien hinh ve binh ding gidi trong lmh vyc chinh tq, trong 10 nim qua, cic quy djnh cua Luat Binh dang gidi trong linh vyc chinh tn da dupc thyc hipn kha toin dipn, dam bio sy thara gia binh dang ciia nam va nir trong quan ly nha nude vi tham gia hoat dpng xa hpi. v l CO ban, ty lp nir tham gia Bp Chinh ui. Ban Chip hanh Trung uong Dang. Qudc hgi, cip uy va Hgi ddng nhin dan cac cap trong 10 nam qua da cd su lang len. Ty le nir tham gia Uy vien Bg Chinh di va Uy vien Ban Chip hinh Trung uang Dang cd sy tang len Uen tiep trong 03 nhipm ky, ty le nir Dai bieu Quoc hgi den Khda XIV ting 26,72%. Kit qui bau cu cap iiy vien co sd nhiem ky 2015 - 2020 cho thay su thanh cdng trong cdng tac cin bg nii ciia loan Dang d cap ca sd, vdi 19,07% nir, tang so vdi nhiem ky trudc (18,1%) vi
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t I
7lU hdnh fJidfi. ludi S67 ^vtrj^z
vupt xa miic yeu ciu cua ttung uong (15%). Die biet, lan dau lien Chu tjch Qudc hpi !i nu va ed 03 nO Uy vien Bp Chinh ttj. Trong linh v^c lao dpng, nhiiu dja phuong d3 ttien khai cic bi$n phap tao diiu ki?n thuan lpi cho lao dpng nO de ding tiep can thj trudng lao dpng nhu: Trung tam day nghe md cic ldp dio tao nghe gan vdi gitifi thieu viec lam; md sin giao djch viec lim hang thing, hpi chp vi$c lim gidi thi?u lao dpng vio lam vi?c ttong cic doanh nghiep, cic co sd sin xuat, kinh doanh tten dja ban va ngoai dja phuong; phgc hdi lang nghe... Ttr nam 2001 den nay, eac v^n dpng vien nO ludn chiem 38 - 46% thanh phin doan the thao Vi?l Nam; quan ttpng hon, hp da gianh tir 40% den 60% sp huy chuong ving ttong cac ky SEA Games va ASIAD... Vise thing ke sd li?u cd tach bi?t gidi tinh da dupc quan tam vi danh ngudn luc. Cac nghien ciiu, dieu tta ve BDG hoic ldng ghep vin de BDG duoc thuc hi?n ngiy cing quy md da cung cap bing chung thiit thgc cho vi$c ban hinh chmh sich.
1.2. Mpt so tott t^i, hfn che
Mpt Id, viec ban hdnh van bdn huang ddn thi hdnh trong linh vtfc binh ddng giai vd phong.
chong bgo lire tren ca sa gi&i chua kip thai, day tu
Thuc ttang he thdng quy dinh phap lu?t vi BDG chua diy dii, sin sing cho viec thi hanh: (i) Mdt sd quy djnh ttong Luat Binh ding gidi cdn ehung chung, khd ip dung ttong thuc tien, mpt so quy dinh cdn dan chieu cic quy djnh cda cac vin bin quy pham phap luat khie; (ii) Mpt sd quy dinh cua Luat Bmh dang gidi vin chua cd van bin hudng din thi hinh nhu: Quy djnh ty 1? nam, nir tham gia hpc t^p, dio tao (diem a, khoan 5 Dieu
14); quy djnh vi cic hinh vi bj cam (Bie" "'^' ngoai cic quy djnh vi BDG ttpng ITnh virc khoa hpc cdng ngh? quy djnh t?i Lu?t Binh ila»S S'di.
khdng cd vSn ban nao hudng dan chi tiil trie" l'''^' quy djnh nay; (iii) Vi?c chjm ban hanh cac van ban hudng dan thi hinh Luit Binh ding gicii ^^
inh hudng tdi hi?u lg:c, hi?u qui thirc thi, vi dg:
Gan 03 nam sau khi LujI cd hieu lire, Chinh phu mdi ban hanh Nghj djnh sd 39/2015/ND-CP ngiy 27/4/2015 quy djnh chinh sach hd ttp cho phu nit thupc hp nghep li ngudi dan tpc thieu sd khi sinh con diing chinh sach dan sd dc hirdng dan quy djnh Iji khoin 3 Diiu 17 vi phy nd ngheo cu tni t$i viing sau, vung xa, la dong bao dan tpc thieu sd khi sinh con diing chinh sich dan sd dupc hd ttp din nam 2015...
Hai Id, vd diiu kien bdo ddm cho cong ldc thi hdnh phdp lugt ve binh ddng gidi
- Dpi ngu can bp lim cdng tic BDG thieu tinh dn djnh, thieu ve sd lugng, da sd kiem nhi?m nen khdng cd thdi gian dinh cho cdng tie niy, hon niia, mpt bp phan can bp cdn han che ve kien thiic gidi, ky ning long ghep gidi. Thicu cac chuyen gia cd kien thixe, ky nang long ghep gidi trong cie nginh ehuyen mdn'.
Nguon kinh phi cho cdng tie BDG nhin chung da dupc bo tri nhung chua dip iing dupc yeu ciu, chua cd muc rieng chi ngan sich cho hoat dpng BDG, do vay, ngin sach cdn chua dn djnh, chii yiu la ngan sich cip qua cac chuong ttinh/chuong trinh mgc ticu.
- Trong mpt sd linh vuc, viec thi hinh, tuin thu phip lujt vi BDG eiia ci nhan, td chirc, doanh nghi?p ddi hdi phai cd eic diiu kipn vi co sd vat chit, vi ngudn luc tii chinh, thay ddi cich thirc
1 9 oan chCi & Phdp iu^t
7ld kdnh ftJulp. ludi S6 7 (340) - 2020
trong td chiic hoat dpng nhu vin d i nhi txi cho chi tieu mang tinh djnh tinh, khd thu thjp.
phy nii cd con nhd lim viec ttong cic khu cdng - Viec man thu phip luat vi BDG cua ca nhan, nghifp, khu vgc hdt thudc l i rieng o noi cdng td chiic chua nghiem, din din cic vi ph?m lim cpng, muon phdng, chdng dudi nude cho tte em han chi, inh hudng din BDG nhu:
thi can cd cac be boi, khu luypn tap, mudn thiit lap V i bao lye tten co sd gidi, theo kit qua nghien cac khdng gian sdng an toin cho phg nO va tte em ciiu qudc gia ve bao lyc gia dinh ddi vdi phy nii thi can cd cac dieu ki?n vjit chat bio dam nhu h? nam 2010, cd tdi 58% phy nil di timg chju it nhit thong camera giam sat, cac Id nhdm hoat dpng di mpt trong ba hinh ihiic bao lyc thi chit, tinh thin bio V? an ninh ttat ty... v i tinh due tit ngudi than tai mpt so thdi diim
Vifc thieu cic ngudn lyc de thyc thi ttiet de, ttong cupc sdng cua hp; 87% da tiing bj quiy rdi loan dien vi hi?u qua cic chinh sich tir c i phia Nha tinh dgc d noi edng cpng; 10% da bj tin cdng tinh nude vi phia e i nhan, td chiic da han chi di viec cd dgc bdi chdng ctia hp. Tuy nhien, khoing 50% njn ihe ttien khai hifu qui cac chmh sich phap luat. nhan chua timg ndi vdi ai ve tinh ttang b?o lyc ma Dieu niy cdn cd nguon gdc sau xa tir thyc ttang hp phii chju dyng vi din 87% n?n nhin bao lyc kinh ti - xa hpi edn nhiiu khd khan ciia Viet Nam, gia dinh ehua tim kiim sy ho ttp tir cac djch vy h? thong CO sd h? lang chua hrong xilng dupc vdi edng.
kiin tnic thupng tang, ddi ngheo vin dang tdn tai d Du Viet Nam da cd tiin bp trong thay ddi quan khu vyc mien niii, ndng thdn, ngheo da chiiu d ci niem vi thyc hanh cham sdc vi bio vf tte em, thanh thi nhu thieu vui choi, giii tri, co hpi hpc tap, nhiiu hinh thiic b^o lye ddi vdi tre em nhu bao lyc lo toan ve ddi sdng thudng nhat da cin ttd qui tiinh than the, xam hai tinh due vi lam dyng lao dpng tiep can vi thyc thi phap luat, chii khdng han li van van phd bien^. Nhieu vu viec xam hai tte em dupc de coi thudng phip lu^t, "nhdn luat". du luan quan tim van cdn tdn dpng keo dai chua Ba Id, ve tinh hinh ludn thu phdp lugt ve binh dupc dieu tta, khdi td cac vy an, khdi td bj can, ddng giai, phong, chong bgo lire tren casagiai cdng ly khdng dupc thyc thi de bao v? cac nan - Vijc thyc hifn quy djnh ldng ghep van de nhan. Cic hifn nrpng vi pham phip luat BDG nhu BDG ttong xay dyng van ban quy pham phap luat hinh vi bao lyc cua ngudi chong ddi vdi vp ttong vi danh gii vif c ldng ghep vin d i BDG ttong xay gia dinh, khdng thyc hien dang ky khai sinh cho dpg vi thim dinh eie dy thao van bin quy pham tte em gii theo diing quy djnh cua phip luat, thuc phip luat dat kit qui chua cao, chua thyc chat. ep vo sinh con trai ndi ddi tdng dudng... cd xu - VifC thye hien Luat Binh ding gidi va cic hudng dupc giii quyet tir phuang difn tinh cam chuong trinh, ki hoach vi BDG ciia bd, nganh ttong npi bd gia dinh. khdng cd co che de xii phat chtra ddng diu, chua cd nhung md hinh, cieh thiic theo quy dinh ciia phip luat.
hiin khai mang tinh dac thu. Trong cac linh vyc kliic, bit BDG, djnh kien - Cdng tic thing ke, bao cio v i cdng tic BDG gidi van dang tdn tai, han che viec trao quyen cho ran thieu kjp thoi, dp chinh xic ehua cao. Mpt sd phg nir'. Vj tti, vai ttd cua phg nii trong khoa hpc
oan chCi & Phap Iu9t I
^hi hamk fikAfi UiM
cdng nghp, van hda, the dye, the thao cdn nhilu hgn che ve sd lupng tham gia va cac dilu kipn dl khang dinh vi thi ciing nhu sy ddng gdp. Miic dg lan tda hieu qua, tac ddng ciia BDG chua ddng deu, rpng khap. Dii cd rat nhieu ddng gdp ciia phy nu trong viec tang cudng phit trien ndng nghipp va ndng thdn, cai thien an ninh luong thyc v i xda doi ngheo song lai dang chiu rit nhieu thipt thdi, hipn van d vj the thap va bj hgn chi quyen ty quyll nen cd nguy co rat cao ve bgo lyc gidi, ddi nghfeo vi nhihig vi pham quyen con ngudi khac.
1.3. Mpt so nguyen nhan
Tha- nhdt. tu tudng djnh kien gidi cdn tbtt tai kha phd biln trong nhan dan, ke ca trong mdt bg phgn can bd, edng chiic. Trong trien khai cdng tac BDG, nhieu dan vj chua thyc sy hieu ro yeu cau cua cdng vipc nay, do dd, su phdi hpp ddi khi con liing tiing, chua hipu qua, chua cd nhiing hinh dpng cy the, quylt lipt de thuc day BDG trong cac hogt dpng cua ca quan, dan vj. Trong chi dgo, dilu hanh, mgt sd dia phucmg cdn chua thyc sy quan tam den ITnh vyc cdng tac nay, chua lao dieu ki^n cho hogt ddng BDG v i tien bg ciia phy nu nen chua bd tri can bg, kinh phi ngang tam vdi yeu cau ciia cdng tic niy. Ngay ca trong ban than ngudi phy nil thudng cd tu tudng an phan, chua thyc su no lyc phan diu, ty tin, chua vupt qua rao cin djnh kien gidi va cic phong tyc tgp quan nhu "nhat nam vilt hiru, thgp nii vilt vd", van hda hay tm ngudng
"thd Cling to tien", "ndi doi tdng dudng" thudng dupc coi li "trgng trach" ciia ngudi din dng...
Thu hai, cdng tic td chiic thi hinh phip luat ve BDG chua thyc sy dupc coi trpng, chua dupc nhm nhan la nhipm vy hing dau ciia cic ca quan, td chuc cd lien quan, nhan thiic cua cic cap, cic
nganh ve td chirc thi hinh phap lugt ve BDG chira tuang xiing vdi y nghia cua cdng tac nay va cu hoal dpng lap phip. Thdi gian vira qua. chiing la da chii trpng vi iru tien danh ngudn lyc cho vipc xay dung hp thdng phap luat v l BDG, kipn toan td chiic bg miy vi lan tda cac ihdng dipp va gia trj cua BDG tren phuang dien quy mo va so ddi tupng ma chua thi dong thdi giai quyet tot dirpc cac van de mang tinh cdt loi ciia thyc hanh phap lugt lot nhu cdng tic chi dgo dieu hanh, to chiic tliyc hipn, dilu kipn bio dim vc can bp, kinh phi, tuyen truyln, phd bien phap luat, cdng tac thanh tra, kiem tra, xii ly vi pham. ca chi phoi hpp trong qui trinh thyc hipn, huy dgng sy tham gia cua cac td chiic, ci nhan trong hogt dgng thi hanh phap luit ve gidi, die bipt li theo ddi thi hanh phap luat ve gidi chua phat huy hel dupc vai tro cCia luc lupng niy.
Thu ba, vipc danh gia hipu qua thi hinh phip lugl ve BDG ndi chung, hoac cac linh vuc cu the cd lien quan den gidi d Vipt Nam thdi gian qua chii yeu la danh gia dinh tinh. thicu danh gii dinh lugng. Nguyen nhan la chua co Bd tieu chi danh gii hipu qua thi hinh phap luat d kit qua trung gian (tinh hinh tuan thii) vicap dp myc lieu cudi ciing (ket qui vi tac ddng ldi kinh tl xa hdi, bao dam bio vp quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng dan).
Ddng thdi, cung chua cd cac tieu chi, phuong phip nhan dipn, do ludng muc anh hudng ciia cac ylu td kinh tl, vin hda. xa hgi, y thirc tuan thii phap lugt ciia cac chii thi len hipu qua td chirc thi hinh phip lugt ve BDG.
2. Mpt so giai phip n h i m tSng cudng hi^u qua thi h i n h phap luat ve binh ddng gidi v i phdng, chong bao luc tren cor sd gidi
E S Ddn chCi & Phdp lu^t
\.fHL Honn. fihdp, lu4t S6 7 (340) - 2020
Thu nhai, xdy d\mg y thirc phdp quyin. ndng cao nhgn ihuc ve va btnh ddng giai vd phdng, chdng bgo lyc tren ca sa gi&i
Cdng tic truyen thdng, nang cao nhan thiic, thay doi hanh vi ve BDG cua cac cap, cac nganh vi ban than ngudi phy nir, nam gidi la nhipm vy dau tien vi quan trgng nhat trong giai doan hipn nay Tfing cudng nhan thiic diing din va su cam kit mgnh mg ciia he thdng chinh tri trong cdng tic BDG, vipc thay ddi thai dp tich cyc va trach nhiem ciia cin bp cac cip, cic nginh la ylu td thiic diy sy thinh cdng ciia cdng tac BDG. D$c bipt, ting cudng tuyen truyen cho chinh ban than ngudi phy nii c4n nh§n thiic rd ve vai trd, vj tri cua minh irong ddi sdng gia dinh v i ngoii xa hpi, tir dd, khdng ngung phan dau ning cao gia trj vat chat, tinh than cho ban thin v i san sang ddi mat vdi nhiing thii thich do'djnh kien gidi tao nen. Chii hpng vi$c neu guong Idt, dien hinh trong thyc hi?n BDG thdng qua cic hoat dpng tuyen truyen, giao dye, dong thdi, tgo du lugn xa hgi cdng khai qua cdng tac tuyen truyen vdi nhirng vy vipc vi phgm ve BDG va phdng, chdng bgo luc tren ca sd gidi.
Thu hai, ddnh s\c iru lien cho thi hdnh phdp lugt vi hinh ddng gidi vd phong, chong bgo hrc tren ca sa giai
Trudc hit, phii xem td chirc thi hanh phap luit ve BDG li mgt yeu td cau thanh ciia he thdng phap lugl ve gidi, chii khdng thuan tiiy chi li mpt cong cy, giai phap thyc hien phap luat. Trudc tien, BDG phii thyc hien tdt ngay tir khi xay dung phap lugt thdng qua vipc nghiam tuc thyc hipn long ghep gidi trong xiy dyng van bin quy phgm phap lugt; phan tich, danh gia tac ddng ve gidi
trong qui trinh xay dyng van ban quy pham phap luat de dam bio thdng nhat vdi quy trinh xay dyng vin ban theo quy djnh cua Lugt Ban hinh vin bin quy phgm phap lugt nim 2015 theo hudng quy djnh cy the, gan trach nhiem ciia timg ca quan, td chLtc. ca nhan trong vice long ghep van dc gidi trong quy trinh xay dyng van ban tir giai dogn de xuit chinh sach den giai dogn soan thao. Trong qui trinh thi hanh phap lugt can ting cudng cdng tac phdi hpp giira cac bp, nginh trong vipc nien khai thyc hipn Luat Binh dSng gidi. d$c bipt li cac bp, nginh chiic ning cd lien quan tdi vipc thyc thi BDG d 08 linh vyc trgng yeu ma Lugt da quy djnh; ling cudng cdng tac kiem tra, giim sit vipc thyc thi Lugt trong thyc tien. ddng thdi, nang cao y thirc tdn trgng, chap hinh phap lugt ciia can bg vi nhan dan; quy djnh trach nhipm ciia cic co quan, dan vj trong viee thuc hipn cac myc tieu ve BDG cung nhu cd che tai xir phat ddi vdi cac td chirc, ci nhin khdng thyc hipn hoic vi phgm phap lugt ve BDG; phat huy vai trd cua nhan dan, cic td chirc chinh trj - xi hgi trong thi hinh vi giam sit thi hinh phip luit ve BDG; nang cao ning lyc va tang cudng trich nhiem ciia co quan quan ly nhi nude ve BDG de cd the tu vin, dinh gii hipu qui ldng ghep gidi vio cdng tac quan ly nhi nude Iren tit ci cic mat, cac ITnh vyc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi.
Trong thdi gian tdi, ben cgnh vipc hoan thipn ehinh sach, phap lugt can quan tam den vipc xay dyng nhieu md hinh thyc hanh phap lugt tdt ca lir phia CO quan quin ly nhi nude vi phia cac ddi tupng chiu tac dgng cua vin ban quy pham phip luat; dat ra cic thir ty uu tien hanh dgng phii hpp vdi dieu kien ve kinh te - xa hpi, sy phal trien ciia
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t EQ
Qhi hiudi pkdfi. Uidi
the gidi vi ciia Vipt Nam; quan tam, uu tien van bin quy phgm phip lugt, cin tiep tyc nghien nghien cim, de xuat chinh sich ddi vdi cie van d l ciiu, xay dyng cic cdng cy dinh gia dya Ircn ket ve gidi mdi phit smh hoac cd xu hudng nghien qui, gdp phin vio vipc danh gia cac myc tieu ciru ciia the gidi nhu bao ve tre em trong the gidi trung gian (tmh hinh tuan thii) va myc tieu chinh cdng ngh? sd, di din, inh hudng ciia bien ddi khi sach cuoi ciing (kit qua, tac dpng). Vipc danh gia hgu, d nhiem mdi trudng ddi vdi cic van de lien tren loan bp linh vyc ve BDG cd thi khdng thyc quan den gidi... hipn ngay dupc nhung can uu tien xay dyng cac Thu ba, tiep tuc xdy dipxg cdc cong cu ddnh danh gia trong linh vyc cy thfi, chuyen nganh de gid tinh hinh thuc Men phdp lugt ve binh ddng giai khep kin dupc chu trinh ddi song ciia phap luat, tir Ben cgnh nhirng thanh tyu da dgt dupc trong liic dua ra chinh sach. phip luit dupc ban hanh. thi viec hinh thinh ngudn du lieu vl thdng ke gidi, bg hinh vi tic dpng din xa hpi so vdi myc lieu chinh cdng cy thyc hipn long ghep gidi U-ong xiy dyng sach ban dau Q
/. Hi?n nay, gdn nhu chi co Vy ban Ve cdc vdn de xa hgi Id da hinh thdnh dirge dpi ngii chuyen gia ve gidi co kinh nghiam. Bg Tuphdp vai sif ho trg cda Du dn Phdt trien lgp phdp quoc gia (NLD) ciing da thdnh lap Nham chuyen gia giai (theo Quyet djnh so J985/QD-BTP ngdy 21/9/2016), tuy nhien. thuc te, ngodi cdc chuyen gia dgc lgp la cd kinh nghiam vi gi&i, long ghep gi&i thi cdc chuyin gia con lgi cua Nhdm ndy cSiig m&i clil dimg Igi a vi?c tham gia vd ldm ddu moi Igi cdc bo, ngdnh.
2. Ky lugt bgo lite dang dien ra pho bien vai gdn 68,4% tre em dg tudi tir 01 - 14 duge bdo cdo Id da limg bj cha m? hoac ngu&i chdm soc bgo Iftc a nhd. Khodng 20% tre em gdi vd tre em trai 08 tuoi ndi rdng cdc em bj in'tng phgt thdn the & tnrang. Khodng 9,6% tre em (tuang duang 1,7 tri^u Ire) dg luoi ti( 05-17 duge coi Id lao dpng ire em, trong do, gdn 7,2% co nguy ca ldm vi^c trong dieu ki?n iao dgng cd hgi. Ty /f Ire em gdi vd nu ihanh nien lu 15-19 ludi dd kit hdn tang tu 5,4% vdo nam 2006 len khodng 11% vdo nam 2014. Trong giai dogn 2011 • 2015, 5.300 vji viic xdm hgi tinh due tre em, chu yeu Id vai tre em gdi da duge bdo cdo.
3. Biiu tra muc sdng hg gia dinh ndm 2008, chi co 10,9% gidy chirng nhdn quyin sir difng ddt nong nghidp, 18,2% gidy ehung nhgn quyen su diJing ddt a nong thdn vd 29.8% gidy chung nhgn quyen sii: dung ddt d do Ihf Id ghilin cd vg vd chong - dnh hu&ng den binh ddng gi&i ve kinh li. Tlieo khdo sdl, ndm 2015. thdi gian phif nic ddnh cho cdng vi^c trin thi iruang Id 19.7 gid vd cdng vi^c chdm sdc khdng dirge trd luang vd cdng vi('c gia dhih cm phu nu Id 38.7 gia vd ddi vdi nam gi&i Id 25,1 gid vd 26,2 gid. Mgt khdc. cdng viic chdm soc khdng luang vd cong viec nhd chiem 61% thai gian ldm viic, trong dd, phu nir thuc hi?n 60% (iheo Do hrdng cdng viic cua phu nic Vi^i Nam, Counting Women's Work Coutry Report No.3). Phu nu su dung 125 phut, eao han nam gi&i cho cong viic chdm soc khdng luang (Nghiin cicu cdng viic chdm sdc khdng luang di ngdi nhd trd thdnh td dm, Actibn Aid 2017).
Tmh trgng phu nir kit hdn v&i ngu&i nu&c ngodi liim dn nhieu yeu td rui iv vi nhiing khdc biit vi vdn hoa, ngdn ngu... Nhiiu phu nir chua duge Irang bj day dd kiin Ihirc, ky ndng cdn thiit khi kit hdn vd sinh song tgi mrdc ngodi, ddn den ndy sinh nhieu hi luy xd hdi khi cdc chi em vd con quay tra ve Vi?t Nam sinh sdng md khdng con qudc tjch hoac khdng cd ddy du cdc gidy to nhdn thdn hgp I? theo quy dfnh cua phdp ludt hoge bi bgo hdnh. xdm hai. ir&
thdnh ddi tugng cua ngn budn bdn nguai, thdm chi phdi bd mgng nai ddt khdch bdi chinh nguai chdng ngogt qudc hdnh hung, giii hgi