VACH NGAN HAY NGAN CACH NOI GIAO DICH " M O T CITA'P
I ThS. TRAN CONG DUNG n
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i i each thu tyc hanh chfnh vdi bade dpt pha la cd che "mpt cda"da budc qua giai dean thf diem, tien den nhan rdng va ap dung phd bien treng pac cd quan hanh chfnh nha nUdc.
Thyc t i i n sinh dpng ay lam phat sinh biet bao van de can dUdc suy xet, trao ddi va ban luan ve quy trinh, ed che mdi ngay cang dUdc xay dyng hoan thien. Bai viet nay chf xin gdp mpt vai y kien ve mpt van de rat nhe, cd tinh chat "bep nue" trong cdng tac cai each thu tuc hanh chfnh, dd la: viec bd trf vach ngan tai cac diem giao dich "mpt cda"
d mpt sd cd quan hanh chfnh hien nay.
TrUdc het, xin dUdc b i t dau b i n g nhdng y kien phan nan, trach cQ tQ mpt sd ngUdi dan sau khi da lam viec, tiep xuc vdi be phan "mpt cda": "eac dng bd trf chd giac djch the nay... xa each qua!"; "ngan kfn mi't chf chda mpt khe hd phfa dUdi nen ngUdi ngpai, ngUdi trpng ndi vdi nhau chang nghe dUdc gii". Lai cd nhdng y kien rat rieng tQ, rat cu the: "Tdi cap, mudn ndi cai gl de cho ed nhan hd sd nghe rd thi phai cdi gap ngudi, khi khdng ma lai thanh ra cai tU the quy luyl".
Mpt sd bac cap nien, khd tinh hdn thi binh luan mdt paph tham tram: "Ndi dung c i i each dau chUa thay nhung hinh thdc thi da khien ngQdi dan cd e l m giac xa each va e ngai trade cd quan ccng quyen".
NhQng y kien phe binh ve each bd trf cua bp phan "mpt cda" nhu neu tren cd the ndi la cung kha... xac dang. Q u i thyc, viec bd tri tap trung mpt khu vyc de lam ndi tiep nhan va t r i ket qua giac djch dung la mpt bade cai each theo tinh than cua cd che "mpt cda", nhung thiet ke cai vach ngan chf chUa mpt (*) Trudng Chinh tn Nguyen Chi Thanh -
Thira Thien Hue
khe hd nhu the thi dung la met sy bat tien.
Khoang hd chf chang 20-30 cm du de chuyen dua hd sd, tai lieu, nhung khi ndi, trong va ngoai chang nghe dUde gl. Cd ndi, bp phan nhan hd sd va tra ket qua lai dUdc bd trf ngdi rieng, tach biet nhU mdt quay ban ve... Mdi d i u , nghi ddn g i i n day chf la sy bat can cua ngUdi thiet ke treng bp phan "mpt cda" cua rieng mpt vai ed quan, nhung den khi k h i o sat nhieu cd quan, ddn vj d dja phUdng cung thQc hien cd che cai each ay, thi mdi biet la cd rat nhieu md hinh tQdng ty nhu vay. Oa phan lanh dac cd quan, nhQng ngQdi cd trach nhiem vdi cd che "mpt cda"
deu chua nghi den cai chi tiet bat tien nay.
Nhung cung cd mpt vai ddn vi dUdng nhU da nhan ra nen da tien hanh kheet nhdng Id te vd va khpan them mdt vai Id nhd d phfa tren d ndi giad, nhan hd sd. Tuy nhien, vl chat lieu vach ngan bang kfnh nen viec kheet va khoan cdng han che va dc vay tac dung
"thdng tieng" cung chang dang la bao. Cd ddn vi (Phdng Cdng chdng) da n i y sinh sang kien k h l c phuc tinh trang "treng bac ngpai khdng nghe... rd" b i n g each dung he thdng Ipa de dpc ten dUdng sy khi den nhan va t r i ket q u i , vi sd ngUdi den thyc hien cdng chdng qua ddng va kha dn...
Ngoai ra, ve phfa can bp thyc thi nhiem vu tiep nhan va t r i ket qua cung chju nhieu he luy khdng kem td cai vach ngan qua kin d ndi giac djch. Khdng p h i i bd phan "mpt cda" nap cung dQdc trang bj may dieu hea nhiet dp che nen viec bUng bit, che kfn bang kfnh nhu vay se tang len rat nhieu noi bf bdc, khd chiu. Khi mua he den, du ed quat cung ndng nyc vd cung.
Tuy nhien, cau chuyen khdng chf ddn g i i n ddng lai d van de hinh thdc thiet ke be trf, bdi nhdng sai sdt nhd nhung khi da trd
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To chuc nha nuoc so 6/2010
nen phe bien bupc chdng ta p h i i nhin nhan Chung vdi mpt gpc dp khac. C h l e c h i n khdng phai n g l u nhien ma hau het cac diem giae dich "mpt cda" deu x i y ra hien tUdng bung bit nhu the. Oieu nay ft nhieu cung da p h i n anh mpt sy n h l m l l n , sai lac nao dd trong nhan thdc cua nhdng ngadi thyc thi ve tinh t h i n cua cd che "mpt cda". Van de la phai xac dinh sy nham l l n , sai lac ve mat nhan thdc d day la gi?
Cd the ndi r i n g , khi xay dyng cd che
"mdt cda" nhdng nha cai each thu tuc hanh chinh n h l m den ba muc dich chu yeu la: 1.
Cdng khai, minh bach quy dinh, thu tuc hd sa;
2. Tranh sU lien he trUe tiep gida ngUdi giii quyet vu viec va ddi tuqng, thdng qua trung gian la bd phan tiep nhan va tri kit qui de lam han che dieu kien phat sinh tieu cUc; 3.
Phan dinh va kiem soat chat che chdc nang, nhiem vu cua tdng bd phan chuyen mdn de phdi hap, van hanh tdt cdng viec. Cd le, nguyen nhan sau xa cua viec "ngan each"
khi thiet ke vach ngan d bp phan "mpt cda"
xuat phat td sy nham l l n treng quan niem ve van de "tranh sU lien he trUc tiep gida ngudi giii quyet vu viec va dd'i tuqng, thdng qua trung gian la bd phan tiep nhan va tri ket qui de lam han che dieu kien phat sinh tieu cUc".
Ddng y day la mpt van de quan trpng, mang tfnh tdn chf, muc dfch cua c i i each hanh chfnh, the nhung "tranh lien he trye tiep"
khdng cd nghia la each ly hean tpan, khdng cd sy lien thdng giQa nhan dan den giao djch va nhQng ngudi thuc thi cdng vu d bp phan
"mpt cda". Thuc tien van hanh cd che "mpt cda" thdi gian qua cho thay: rat c l n sy giao tiep, lien thdng giQa ngQdi thi hanh cdng vu vdi ngudi dan. Va, van de bd trf ndi giao djch (tranh lien he trQc tiep) de ngan chan tieu cue nay sinh la van de ndi bp cua cd quan nha nudc, cdn ve phfa nhan dan thi rat can su hudng d i n , giai thich cua ngudi cd chuyen mdn, nghiep vu, ngUdi n i m vdng cac quy trinh, thu tuc. Day la mdt nhu cau cd thyc va rat chinh dang ma nhdng nha cai each hanh chinh can phai quan tam.
Cd rat nhieu y kien ly luan mdt each ddn gian: thu tuc da cdng khai hoa rdi, hd sd gdm nhdng thU gi cung da dUdc niem yet, ghi rd c l thi cd thee dd ma lam. NgQdi dan den giao djch cung cd nghia vu phai nhan
thdc cae quy trinh, thu tuc de lam cho dung, khdng the dd mpi trach nhiem len cd quan nha nQdc. Hcac la: "du hd sd thi chung tdi nhan g i l i quyet, the thdi!". Tat nhien ve mat ly thuyet thi dung phai nhu vay, nhung dd se la chuyen cua nhQng nam ve sau nay, khi trinh dp nhan thQc cua nhan dan ve eac thu tuc hanh chfnh dQdc nang cae dang ke va nhQng thu tuc hanh chfnh cua chung ta cung dQdc d i each tinh gpn hdn nhieu. Cen trude m i t , ddi hdi nay xem ra chua the dap Ung dUdc. Ngay d nhdng can bp phuyen trach nhieu nam cdng tac ma v i n cdn e ngai chua t h u i n thuc het tat d cac quy trinh, thu tuc hd Sd thudc linh vQc minh phu trach vl ludn cd nhdng thay ddi, chfnh sda, hudng gl cac dUdng sy khi cd viec mdi dpc nhdng dieu niem yet.
Qua thyc t i i n ap dung va qua trinh tim hieu, nghien cQu cd che "mpt cda" cd nhieu y kien de xuat: cac cd quan hanh chfnh nha nudc khi thQc hien cd che "mdt cda" can tang cQdng hdn cdng tac tu van, hudng d i n nhan dan trong viec thyc hien quy trinh, thu tuc. Do vay, nen giam bdt sd lUdng can bp nhan hd sd nhu hien nay va tang cUdng sd can bp lam cdng tac hudng d i n , giai thi'ch.
Tham chf neu cd nhu d u , cd the td chdc thanh djch vu tu van cd thu phf. Nhan dan khi den giao djch d n nhieu thdng tin, sy hudng dan cu the hdn la chf mdt cau tra Idi:
hd sd cd dUdc nhan hay khdng. Cho den nay, nhdng quy trinh, thu tuc hanh chfnh cua chung ta v i n cdn phdc tap so vdi mat b i n g nhan thdc chung cua ngudi dan. Va qua thuc, qua nhdng npi dung niem yet, dai da sd ngudi dan khd nhan thdc het quy trinh, thu tuc de thiet lap hd sd dung quy djnh. VI vay, nhdng hudng d i n chi tiet cho tdng trudng hdp cu the, ca biet cung la nhdng cdng viec vd cung quan trpng.
Van de tranh lien he trQc tiep giQa ngadi thu ly hd sd g i l i quyet vu viec vdi dUdng sU va hinh thanh cd che kiem tra, giam sat heat dpng g i l i quyet cac vu viec la ten chf, muc dich quan trpng cua cd che "mpt cda" d n tiep tuc duy tri, phat huy nhung cung p h i i can n h l c den van de d i m bao nhu d u dUdc thdng tin, hudng d i n cua nhan dan khi den thyc hien giao djch. Hai van de nay cung khdng qua m i u t h u i n den mdc dp ddi nghjch
To chuc nha nuoc so 6/2010 ®
khdng the dung hea dUdP. TrUdc het, phai k h l c phyc tinh trang "bit bung" va each ly gida ngadi thi hanh cdng vu (nhan he sd, t r i ket qua) va nhan dan den giae djch. Ddng tlidi p h i i bd sung dpi ngu can bd lam cdng tac hudng d i n , tU van va neu xet thay khdng c l n thiet, cd the thu hep dpi ngu can bp trQc tiep nhan va t r i hd sd. Hd sd giao djch v i n dUdc nhan thdng qua can bp tiep nhan d bd phan "mpt cda", nhUng van de tiep nhan se ddn gian hdn nhieu khi ngudi giao djch da dUdc hudng d i n tan tinh, chu dao.
Trd lai van de vach ngan bang kfnh d bp phan giap djch "mpt cda". P h i i khang djnh r i n g , vach ngan gida chd lam viec cua can bd d bd phan "mpt cda" va ngUdi den giac djch la c l n thiet, bdi vl ban lam viec cua can bd tiep nhan hd sd va t r i ket qua dUdng nhien se cd nhieu hd sd, tai lieu quan trpng, nen p h i i dUde bd trf each ngan vdi ngudi ben ngcai, de b i e ve sy an toan cua tai lieu va sy an tam cua ngudi can bp thi hanh cdng vu. The nhUng, chf de d i m b i c chdc nang nay thi khdng nhat thiet phai thiet ke vach ngan bi't bdng chf chda mpt khe hd nhU nhieu ddn vi da tdng lam. Nen chang chf thiet ke kfnh c h i n td mat ban lam viec len den dp cae k h p i n g 60-70cm la du. 0 vj trf ddi dien vdi can bp lam viec, chda mpt k h p i n hd rpng chdng 50-60cm khdng bd trf kfnh de can bp tien hanh giae, nhan hd sd va dam thpai vdi dUdng sy. Chf cd each bd trf nay mdi d i m b i e viee nghe ndi gida ngQdi trpng va ngpai dQdc thuan ldi. Dac biet la khdng khi ndi giad dich cung thdng thpang hdn, d l chju hdn, ddng thdi se tiet kiem dQdc mpt sd lUdng kfnh rat dang ke dung lam vach ngan.
Tdm lai, gida ngQdi dan va ngadi can bp thyc hien cdng vu hanh chfnh phai cd sy lien he, ket ndi thdng tin, dd la nguyen t i c . Viec d i each hanh chfnh cd muc dfch tao cd che kiem tra, giam sat de ngan chan tieu eye va lam cho sy lien ket dd tdt hdn chd khdng the lam cho chung bi each ly, ngan chan. Viec bd trf vach ngan d bp phan giap djch "mpt cda" tuy la mdt viec rat nhd thudc van de hinh thdc nhQng y nghia cua nd se khdng nhd chut nac, bdi neu thyc hien khdng ddng se I n h hadng tieu cQc den ndi dung va tinh than cua cdng tap d i each hanh chfnh a
QUAN LY MOI TRITOIIG...
(Tiep theo trang 38) mudn la de lyc lUdng can bo lam cdng tac mci trudng cua Viet Nam vda mdng lai vda yeu. Ben canh nhdng khd khan do khung phap ly cho cdng tac q u i n iy mdi tradng cdn nhieu han che (nhu da neu tren), thi sy han che ve sd iUdng can bp cung nhu ehuyen mdn yeu khien cho viec thanh tra, kiem tra cac cd sd san xuat khdng the tien hanh thadng xuyen, lien tuc, khien cho viec vi pham b i e ve mdi tradng dien ra nhieu lan ma cd quan chdc nang khdng the xd ly kjp heac cd tinh trang kiem tra, xd phat nhUng dcanh nghiep lai tai d i l n ngay sau dd. Odng thdi, sy xudng cap ve dao ddc cua mpt sd can bp trye tiep lam cdng tac kiem tra, tham djnh, cap giay phep ve chat lUdng mdi trudng la mpt trong nhdng nguyen nhan khien cho cac hanh vi vi pham Luat B i o ve mdi tradng tai dien va bat chap p h i n dng cua du luan.
Oe nang cao chat lUdng cdng tac thanh tra, kiem tra ve mdi trudng, can chd trong mpt sd van de nhU tang cUdng sd iUdng can bp lam cdng tae thanh tra, kiem tra mdi trudng; nang cao trinh dp, nghiep vy cua can bd lam cdng tac mdi tradng phu hdp vdi sy phat trien. La mpt nganh nghe nhay d m , dde hai nen de cd the thu hut cac can bd tre cd tam huyet d n thiet la p h i i cd chfnh sach Uu dai hdp ly. Ngudn kinh phf cd the lay td ngudn thue va le phf x l thai, thu xd phat ddi vdi cac hanh vi vi pham cua doanh nghi§p;
ben canh dd, d n tang cUdng giac due y thdc, trach nhiem ddi vdi dpi ngu lam cdng tac kiem tra, giam sat va tham djnh cac dy an d i u tu, xay dyng, s i n xuat a
Tai lieu tham khjio;
1. Thdng tin ehuyen de sd thing 7/2008, CIEM;
2. Tap chi Kinh te va DiJ bao sd 12/2008;
3. Dae san sd thang 1/2009, NCEIF. j