Vai net ve khoi nghiep doi moi sang tao 6* Viet Nam hien nay
Lirong Thi Thu TrangS' Tran Nguyen My Linh*"'
Tdm tit: Tie ndm 2016 (ndm "Qudc gia khdi nghiep"), phong trdo khdi nghiep a Vip Nam ngdy cdng nd rd, tuy nhien cdc doanh nghiep khdi nghiep vdn chua dgt dugc nhieu thdnh tuu nhu mong mudn. Bdi viet bdn ve mgt sd khdi niim lien quan den khdi nghiep ddi mdi sdng tgo vd tinh hinh khdi nghiep tgi Viet Nam, ddng thai tdng hgp mdt sd ddnh gid cita cdc chuyen gia kinh te ve khdi nghiep ddi mdi sdng tgo tgi Viet Nam nhieng ndm qua.
Tir khda: Khdi nghiep, Khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao, Tinh t h i n khdi nghiep. He smh thai khdi nghiep
Abstract: Despite an entrepreneurship boom since "the year of start-ups" in 2016, not much has been achieved as one would expect. The article discusses some concepts related to innovation-driven start-ups and the situation in Vietnam, and provide a literature review of start-ups in Vietnam in recent years.
Keywords: Enttepreneurship, Innovation-driven Start-up, Enttepreneurial Spirit, Start-up Ecosystem
Mffdau
Khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao da va dang trd thanh van de dugc quan tam va tranh luan tai nhieu qudc gia tten the gidi, trong ca gidi doanh nhan va gidi nghien ciiu, trong do cd Viet Nam. Vcri mgt qudc gia dang phat ttien nhu Viet Nam, viec xay dyng mdt he sinh thai khai nghiep thuan lgi, khuyen khich sy ra ddi va phat frien ciia cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep ndi chung, doanh nghiep nhd va vira khdi nghiep sang tao ndi rieng la rat c i n thidt.
''', '"'ThS., Vien Thong tin Khoa hgc xa hoi, Vien Han iam Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam;
Email: [email protected]
Nam 2016 dugc Chinh phu Viet Nam chgn la nam "Qudc gia khdi nghiep", va giai doan 2017-2020 dugc xem la thdi ky vang cho khdi nghiep vai sy ra ddi cua hang loEit cdng ty khai nghiep. V i n dd khdi nghiep dang dugc Nha nudc va xa hgi danh su quan tam dac biet.
1. Mgt so khai niem
* Khdi nghiep ddi mdi sdng tgo Cd nhieu dinh nghia ve "khdi nghiep".
Khai niem khdi nghiep dugc g i n vdi dac thil la dya fren su sang tao, vi vay ngudi ta thudng dimg khai niem "khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao" de phan biet vdi lap nghiep tiidng thudng. Theo cac tai lieu hgc thuat
qudc te, startup Id doanh nghiep hogc mgt td chuc tgm thod dugc thiit ke di tim ra mdt md hinh hogt ddng cd the lap lgi hogc mo rgng nhanh chdng (Steve, 2010).
Thu tudng Chinh phu da ban hanh Quyit dinh sd 844/QD-TTg ngay 18/5/2016 phe duyet De an "Hd trg he sinh thai khdi nghiep ddi mci sang tao qudc gia ddn nam 2025". Day la van ban chinh thiic diu tien d Viet Nam lien quan tdi khdfi nghiep. Dd an nay da lam ro khai niem cua Viet Nam ve doanh nghiep khdi nghiep la "logi hinh doanh nghiep cd khd ndng tdng trudng nhanh dtca tren khai thdc tdi sdn tri tui, cong nghe, md hinh kinh doanh mdP'.
O Viet Nam, phan biet "khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao" vdi "lap nghiep thdng thudng" khdng cd nghia la chinh sach nha nudc chi hd frg khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao ma khdng hd ttg lap nghiep thdng thudng. Bat ky liiih vuc nao ciing can khich le tinh than doanh thuong, nen su phan biet nay chi la de tun each ho frg phii hgp nhit vdi.tinh chit cua timg loai hinh. Vi du, khi thu hiit dau tu mao hiem thi chi lien quan den "khdi nghiep ddi mai sang tao" (Dang Nggc Dinh, 2018).
Khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao phai dua tten mgt cdng nghe mai, hoac tao ra hinh thirc kmh doanh mdi, hoac xay dyng mgt phan khiic thi trudng mdi. Tuc la cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao phai CO gi dd khac biet vdi cac doanh nghiep d ttong nudc, vai tat ca cac cdng ty trudc day va vdi ca cac doanh nghiep khac tten the gidi. Vi dac diem do nen doanh nghiep khdi nghiep ddi mcri sang tao nhanh chdng thu hiit dugc dau tu frong va ngoai nuac de phat trien nhanh, ching han nhu Facebook, Google, vi vay chi frong 2-3 nam da phat frien de fro thanh cac tap doan ldn (Phat bieu ciia dng Bui The Duy - Chanh van
phdng Bd Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe) (Dan theo: Khanh Nguyin, 2017).
* Nhd khoi nghiep
Dinh nghia vl nha khdi nghiep/khai sy mgt doanh nghiep thucmg dugc hidu vdi y nghia la ngudi sang tao hay khdi su mdt doanh nghiep mdi. Tren tbyc td, nha khdi nghiep dugc dimg de chi ca nhiing ngudi lam chil hay dieu hanh doanh nghiep.
Nhd khdi nghiep la nhiing ngudi (chii doanh nghiep) tira tdi tao ra gia fri thdng qua td chiic hoac mcr rgng cac boat ddng kinh te bao gdra "tao ra va khai thac san pham, qua trinh hoac thi trudng mdi"; hay
"nha khci nghiep la nhiing ngudi cd kidm soat true tiep ddi voi boat ddng cua doanh nghiep bdi su so hiiu toan bd hoac sd hiiu mdt phan dang ke cd phin cua doanh nghiep" (Nguyen Hdng Son, Phan Chi Anh, 2013).
* Tinh thdn khdi nghiep
Tinh thdn khdi nghiep cdn dugc ggi la tinh thdn doanh nhdn khdi nghiep. Theo cac nha nghien ciiu, nhiing doanh nhan cd tinh than khdi nghiep that sy phai la nhiing ngudi cd hoai bao vugt len sd phan, chap nhan nii ro vdi tinh than doi mdi va sang tao; ddng thdi diing cam ganh chiu nhung tai hga nghiem frgng ve vat chat va tinh than khi lam an thua lo (Nguyen Thi Thanh Tam, 2018). Nha ldnh td hgc ngudi Mf Peter F. Drueker (2011) cho rang, tinh thdn doanh nhdn khdi nghiep dugc hidu la hanh ddng ciia doanh nhan khcri nghiep - ngudi tidn hanh viec bien nhiing cam nhan nhay ben vd kinh doanh, tai chinh va sy ddi mdi thanh nhung san pham hang hda mang tinh kinh td. Kdt qua ciia cac hanh ddng nay la tao nen nhiing td chiic mdi hoac gdp phan tai tao nhimg td chiic da gia cdi. Hinh thiic rd rang nhit cua tinh thin doanh nhan khdi nghiep la bit diu xay dyng nhiing doanh
14 Tnong im luiua u nghiep mai. Tdng quat, cd the ndi tinh than
khci nghiep la tinh than ddi mdi, sang tao.
Hau het cac quan diem deu thdng nhat khai niem "tinh than khdi nghiep - tinh than kinh doanh" gan vci khai niem "khdi nghiep - doanh nhan".
Cac yeu td cdt loi cua tinh than khdi nghiep la: Kha nang nam bat co hdi kinh doanh; thai do chap nhan nii ro; y tudng ddi mdi - sang tao. Cac nha nghien ciru da dua ra mgt sd dac trung ciia tinh than khdi nghiep la; (i) Cd hoai bao va khat vgng kinh doanh; (ii) Cd kha nang kien tao co hdi kinh doanh; (iii) Ddc lap va dam lam, dam chiu frach nhiem; (iv) Phat ttien y tudng sang tao va ddi mdi phuong phap giai quyet van dd; (v) Bdn bi va dam chap nhan rui ro, that bai; va (vi) Cd dao dire kinh doanh va ttach nhiem xa hdi. Tii dd, co the thay ddng co chu dao cua ngudi khdi nghiep trudc bet la mudn khing dinh ban than, mudn ddng gdp cho xa hdi, tiep den mdi la ddng co "vi tidn", "vi sy giau cd" (Nguyen Thi Thanh Tam, 2018).
* He sinh thdi khdi nghiep Khai niem he sinh thdi khdi nghiep dugc de cap rdng rai vao nhQng nam dau cua the ky XXL Thuc chat, khai niem nay da xuat hien tir nhiing nam cudi ciia thap nien 1950 tai My, khi Thung liing Santa Clara (tien than cua Thung liing Silicon) dugc hinh thanh va phat trien nhanh chdng (Trinh Diic Chieu, 2018). Tren co sd sy ra ddi ciia rad hinh td chiic kinh doanh dua fren sy phat ttien gan vdi viing dia ly, khai niem he sinh thai khdi nghiep da dugc dua ra va ttd thanh mgt thuat ngft dugc de cap ngay cang rgng rai tten the gidi.
Td chiic Hgp tac va Phat trien kinh te (OECD) dinh nghia: he sinh thdi khdi nghiep Id tdng hgp cdc mdi lien kit chinh thtic vdphi chinh thtic giUa cdc chu the khdi
nghiep (tiim ndng hogc hien tgi), td chuc khdi nghiep (cdng ty, nhd ddu tu mgo hiem, nhd ddu tu "thien - thdn" - angels, he thdng ngdn hdng...) cdc ca quan liin quan (truong dgi hgc, cdc ca quan nhd nudc, cdc quy ddu tu cdng...) vd tiin trinh khdi nghiep (ty le thdnh lap doanh nghiep, sd lugng^ doanh nghiep cd ty Ie tdng truong tdt, sd luang cdc nhd khoi nghiip...) tdc ddng triic tiep din mdi U-uang khdi nghiep tgi diaphuang (Theo: Mason & Brown, 2014).
Nhu vay, hi sinh thdi khai nghiip la each thiic mdt qudc gia hay mdt vung lanh thd thidt lap cac tac nhan kinh doanh (nhu cac edng ty, cac nha diu tu mao hiem, cac thien thin diu tu, cac ngan hang, trudng dai hgc, cac co quan thudc khu vuc nha nudc, cac thye thd tai chinh) ket noi vdi nhau de thiic diy boat ddng khdi nghiep tai qudc gia hoac dia phuang do.
Cdn theo Cue Thdng tin Khoa hgc va cdng nghe Qudc gia, he sinh thdi khai nghiep Id mdt tap hgp cdc tdc nhdn Mnh doanh (tiim ndng vd hien tgi) lien kit vdi nhau, cdc td chUc kinh doanh (nhu cdc cdng ty, cdc nhd ddu tu mgo hiem, cdc nhd ddu tu thien thdn, cdc ngdn hdng), cdc dinh che (trudng dgi hoc, cdc ca quan thudc khu vuc nhd nuoc, cdc thiec the tdi chinh) vd cdc qud trinh kinh doanh (nhu ty le thdnh lap doanh nghiep, sd cdng ty tdng trudng cao, mice do "khdi nghiep bom tdn ", sd doanh nhdn khdi nghiep lien tuc (serial entrepreneur), mice do tdm Iy bdn , thdo (sellout mentality) trong cdng ty vd
miec do tham vgng kinh doanh. Tdt cd hgp nhdt chinh thiec vd khdng chinh thiic de ket ndi, ddn xip vd chi phdi cdc hogt dgng trong mdi truong doanh nghiep diaphuang (Theo: Dang Bao Ha, 2015).
Khai niem he sinh thdi khdi nghiep dh cap den moi tuong tac dien ra giGa mdt loat
cac ben lien quan la cac td chiic va ca nhan de tbiic day sy hinh thanh cac cdng ty khdi nghiep nhd va vira, cd tinh ddi mcri sang tao va kha nang tang trudng cao.
Tir nam 2016 den nay, cimg vai cac chinh sach ciia Nha nuoc Hen quan den muc tieu xay dyng kinh te tri thiic bat kip cudc Cach mang Cdng nghiep 4.0, khdi nghiep sang tao da va dang frd thanh mgt Ian sdng mdi d Viet Nam, thu hiit sy quan tam cua gidi kinh doanh, nghien ciiu, bao chi, dgi ngu sinh vien va cac cap chinh quyen. Dieu nay tao ra dgng lyc va sy khich le dang ke cho su phat ttien ciia cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep ddi radi sang tao ndi chung va he sinh thai khdi nghiep sang tao d Viet Nam ndi rieng (Phdilg Thucmg mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam, 2017).
2, Tinh hinh khM nghiep doi moi sang tao d Viet Nam
Mdt doanh nghiep chi cd the dugc coi la doanh nghiep khdi nghiep khi the hien dugc tinh ddi mdi sang tao. Dieu nay khien viec xac dinh ro thye trang doanh nghiep khdi nghiep d Viet Nam la nhiem vu khdng de dang. Hem niia, chi'nh khai niem doanh nghiep khdi nghiep van cdn tucmg ddi mdi _ va thudng bi nhara lin vdi cac hoat dgng
khac nhu hoat ddng "dyng nghiep", "lap nghiep" hay ndi chung la thanh lap doanh nghiep mdi. Tir sy chua ro rang nay, co ban mdi chi thdng ke dugc ve sd doanh nghiep thanh lap mdi tai Viet Nara frong nhimg nam gan day va khdng the tach dugc nhdm cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep ra khdi cac doanh nghiep thanh lap radi (Biii Nhat Quang, 2017). Vdi tinh hinh nhu vay, Phdng Thuang mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam cho rang, mac dii sd lugng doanh nghiep thanh lap mdi cua Viet Nam tang manh ttong thdi gian gan day, nhung cac doanh nghiep thye sy dugc xac dinh la doanh nghiep khdi
nghiep frong sd dd khdng nhidu. Trong khi sd lugng doanh nghiep thanh lap mdi nam 2016 la khoang 110.000 doanh nghiep thi tdng sd doanh nghiep co thd dugc xac dinh la doanh nghiep khdi nghiep tinh den het nam 2016 chi vao khoang 1.500 doanh nghiep (Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam, 2017). Cdn theo thdng ke ciia Tap chi Echelon, Singapore (mdt frong nhung tap chi online ldn nhat vd khdi nghiep 6 Ddng Nam A), tinh ddn hdt nam 2016, Viet Nam cd khoang 3.000 doanh nghidp khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao, tang gan gap ddi so vdi udc ti'nh cudi nam 2015 (khoang 1.800 doanh nghiep khdi nghiep) (Theo: Van Anh, 2018).
Ve hoat dgng dau tu khdi nghiep sang tao tai Viet Nam, td chiic Topica Founder Instittite (TFI) cho bidt, nam 2017, Viet Nam tiep nhan 92 thuong vu dau tu khdi nghiep sang tao vdi tdng sd vdn hem 291 trieu USD, tang gan gap ddi ve mat sd lugng thuong vu va gin 50% ve mat tdng sd vdn diu tu so vdi nam 2016 (50 thuong vu vdi 205 ttieu USD). Mac dii cd sy tang trudng tucmg ddi raanh me, nhung ngudn vdn dau tu cho doanh nghiep khdi nghiep sang tao tai Viet Nam vin tuong ddi khiem tdn so vdi khu vyc va tten thd gidi. Theo TechinAsia, nam 2017, khu vuc Ddng Nam A da thu hut 7,86 ty USD diu tu vao khdi nghiep, nhu vay sd von diu tu Viet Nam thu hiit dugc chidm ty phin rit nho, chua den 5% (Theo:
Cyc Phat ttidn Thi hirong va Doanh nghiep Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe, 2018).
Mgt nghien ciiu cdng bo tai Dien dan Khdi nghiep Ire ndm 2017 (td chiic tai thanh phd Hd Chi Minh ngay 26/9/2017) cho thiy, Viet Nam dang dung dau the gidi vd Chi sd tinh thin khdi nghiep (Gia Nam, 2017). Trong Bdo cdo khdo sdt vi tinh thdn khoi nghiep (AGER) tai 45 qudc gia vdi
16 Thong tin lUioa ngc xa nui. aw *.——
50.861 ngucri tic 14 tudi frcr Ien, Viet Nam diing dau the gidi ve Chi sd tinh than khdi nghiep (AESI) va diing thii hai ve Thai do tich cue ddi vdi khdi nghiep. Cu the, 91% ngudi Viet duge hdi eho biet hg xera chuyen bat dau mgt cdng viec kinh doanh radi nhu radt co hdi nghe nghiep dang ao udc. 95% cd thai do tich cyc vdi tinh than khdi nghiep, lam chu. Ddng thdi, 96% cho rang hg hoan toan cam thay thoai mai vdi viec tim kiem va thu hiit khach hang tiem nang. Ngoai ra, 76% fra Idi ly do mudn khdi nghiep la "de dugc doc lap frong kinh doanh va ty chu frong cdng viec kinh doanh ciia minh". De dugc ddc lap ttong kinh doanh la Iy do chinh ngudi Viet mudn khci nghiep (Dan theo: Nguyen Thi Thanh Tam, 2018).
3. Mot so danh gia cua cac chuyen gia ve khM nghiep ff Viet Nam
Khi xem xet thye ttang hoat ddng khdi nghiep doanh nghiep d^ Viet Nara hien nay, ed the nhan thiy day vin la van de mdi, chua thye sy dugc nhan thiie mdt each day du. Ke tir khi De an "Hd ttg he sinh thai khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao qudc gia den nam 2025" dugc trien khai, van de khdi nghiep bat dau dugc chii y nhieu hon. Mac dil vay, cum tir "khdi nghiep" dugc nhac tdi tuang ddi thudng xuyen hoan toan khdng cd nghia rang Viet Nam da san sang cho thiic day khdi nghiep xet tit gdc dd the che, chinh sach va cac dieu kien lien quan. Trai lai, nhiing yeu cau cu the Hen quan tdi khdi nghiep va cac dieu kien phu ttg cho boat ddng nay hien van cdn rat thieu vang. Dai bd phan ngudi dan van chua cd nhieu thdng tin va nhan thiic thuc su ro rang, day du thd nao la mdt doanh nghiep khdi nghiep (Biii Nhat Quang, 2017).
Dac diem chung cua da sd doanh nghiep khdi nghiep la non tte, ngudn tai
chinh khdng nhidu, ddi ngii nhan su chi la nhiing ngudi lam chuyen mdn. Do do, viec thidu kidn thiic vd cae thii tuc hanh chinh, phap Iy... dang khidn nhidu doanh nghiep khoi nghiep gap liing tiing. Danh gia ve phong ttao khoi nghiep tai Viet Nam, cac chuyen gia cho ring, nhieu doanh nghiep dang chiia dung yeu td sao chep nhieu hon la ddi mdi sang tao. Giam ddc Quy Khdi nghiep Doanh nghiep khoa hgc va cong nghe Viet Nam - dng Nguydn Duy Hidu danh gia: "Hg thuong cd xu hudmg di tim cdc md hinh kinh doanh dd dugc chung minh Id thdnh cdng a cdc qudc gia khdc, dua vi vd cdt got cho phii hgp vdi Viet Nam. Mac dii cd mang Igi nhiing ket qud nhdt dinh, nhung dd vdn chi Id copy-paste chu khdng phdi Id khdi nghiep ddi mdi sdng tgo hay phd va. NhOng doanh nghiep bdt chudc startup nudc ngodi cd the thdnh cdng a giai dogn ddu nhieng vi ldu ddi thi se tut hdu" (Theo: Quynh Chi, 2018).
Da sd doanh nghiep dugc ggi la khdi nghiep d Viet Nam van dang or quy md vira va nhd do chua cd cdng nghd va chua cd kha nang bimg nd, ttong khi doanh nghiep khdi nghiep can su bimg nd frong thai gian ngan. Dac biet frong qua ttinh hgi nhap, khi cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai tham gia vao thi trudng ttong nude, doanh nghiep khdi nghiep do se khdng the canh ttanh va dan mat di thi trucmg bdi le cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai da cd thdi gian dai phat ttien, mang ludi quan he va ddi tac rdng khap.
Cac thdng ke gan day deu phan anh radt thuc trang dang budn la d Viet Nara doanh nghiep khoi nghiep tuy ra ddi nhieu nhung that bai ciing khdng it. Sd lugng doanh nghiep tam ngimg boat dgng, khdng dang ky hoac chdf giai the van a muc cao (hon 72 nghin doanh nghiep nam 2017) lam gia tang nhihig lo Iang ve sue ben cua doanh
17 nghiep khdi nghiep (Kim Hien, 2018). Cu
thd: chi cd 3% doanh nghiep khdi nghiep Viet la thanh cdng thye su, tiic la thoa man dugc mgt ttong cac tieu chi: dugc dinh gia tit 10 ttieu USD ttd len; doanh thu tir 2 trieu USD; cd tir 100 nhan vien; da ggi vdn vdng hai hoac da ban duge cdng ty voi gia tdt'.
Trong sd 3% cdng ty dugc xem la thanh cdng nay, ket qua khao sat cho thay do tudi frung binh khi hg khdi nghiep la 28,8; 78%
timg lam thue hoac khdi nghiep that bai d 2 cdng ty trudc day; 45% timg hge hoac Iam viec tai nudc ngoai truae khi ve nudc
•khdi nghiep; thdi gian tnmg binh danh cho doanh nghiep khdi nghiep den liic thanh cdng la 5,7 nam va se mat lau hon nfta de frd thanh cong ty cd gia tri hang frara ttieu USD; 100% deu hgc hdi va ban dia hda tir mo hinb tuong ty da thanh cdng a nuac ngoai (Y Nhi, 2017).
Theo cac chuyen gia, nguyen nhan khien cac doanh nghiep khcd nghiep Viet that bai cd the ke den la: sai lam ttong cac budc tien hanh; thieu hidu biet phap ly;
khdng xii ly tdt bai toan "ggi vdn", va cudi ciing la rao can thu tuc iianh chinh. Cue trudng Cue quan ly Dang ky Kinh doanh - ba Tran Thi Hdng Minh danh gia: Sd lugng doanh nghiep rdi khdi thi trudng so vdi sd thdnh lap mdi vdn chiim ty le cao - diiu do cho thdy doanh nghiep vdn gap phdi nhieng kho khdn, rdo cdn. Cdc quy dinh phdp Iudt con mdtsd diem chua ddng bg, thdng nhdt.
' So lieu liy tir Bio cao Thi he Gen Y nguai Viet -Tham vong sy nghiep va Khdt vpng khai nghiep - Ket qua khao sat cua Navigos Group vao th^ng 8/2017, thirc hi^n voi hon 3.150 nguoi trong do tu6i tu 21-37 ve tham vong khdi nghiep. Nhihig nguai sinh trong khoing nSm 1980 d6n 1996 dugrc coi la Thi h? Y - Th€ he Thien nien ky (https://wvm.fund- start.vn/tin-tuc/do-tuoi-khoi-nghiep-thanh-cong- nhat-o-my-canh-tinh-startup-tre-viet).
Nhieu doanh nghiep tiip tuc gap khd khdn trong tiip can vdn, ddt dat Sie vdo cudc cita dia phuang trong hd trg doanh nghiep a mdt sd nai con chua thuc sie hieu qud, vdn cdn hien tugng thanh, kiim tra qud nhiiu, chdng cheo. nhiing nhiiu doanh nghiip (Theo: Kim Hien, 2018).
Vdi nhiing yeu td nay thi ro rang khdi nghiep d Viet Nam la khdng hd de. Nhidu ngucri van quan niem, ttong khdi nghiep kinh doanh, y tudng la yeu td quan ttgng hang dau. Tuy nhien, ttong linh vyc khdi nghiep, cd nhieu dieu quan frgng ban y tudng, mdt trong sd dd la each thiic thye hien va frien khai. Nhieu y tudng hay, sang tao nhung neu khdng dugc thye hien thi se khdng bao gid cd the ttd thanh hien thuc. Gidi khdi nghiep Viet Nara van thieu ky nang ve quan tri hay each theo doi boat ddng kinh doanh sao cho hieu qua, frong khi hg can phai cd ky nang dd phat fridn cdng ty nhanh nhat, thu hiit nhieu ngudi dimg nhSt cd the. Ben canh dd, mdt ttong nhiing dieu ma nha khdi nghiep can lam ngay neu mudn raua thdi gian, lam cham tte qua ttinh sao chep cua thi trudng la phai tao ra nhirng "rao can canh ttanh"
cho md hinh kinh doanh cua minh, thuat ngu chuyen mdn ggi la "entry barriers" (Ly Quy Trung, 2018). Trong thdi gian tdi, viec xay dung cac hanh lang phap ly va he smh thai khdi nghiep la that su cin thiet dd hd ttg cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep mdi bude vao cudc choi. Ddng tiidi, kmh nghiem tir nhiing ngudi di trudc se giiip doanh nghiep non tte franh khdi nhimg "vdt xe dd", nhirng thit bai khdng dang cd.
Thye td cho thiy, mac dii thye trang khdi nghiep d Viet Nam cd nhidu cai thien va ty Ie ngucri tham gia khdi sy kinh doanh da tang Ien, thi trudng dau tu cho khdi nghiep sang tao tai Viet Nam dang ngay cang nang dgng va da dang ban.
1£ ThOng lin Khoa hgc xa hgi. sd J cd su tham gia cua ca nha dau tu trong
nude va nudc ngoai, nhung van kem xa so vdi khdi nghiep d cac nudc ciing trinh do phat trien kinh te. va cac nudc trong khu vyc. Nguyen nhan cua tinh trang nay phai ke den nhu: sy lo sg that bai trong kinh doanh, kha nang kinh doanh, ITnh vyc kinh doanh, yeu td ddi mdi sang tao trong kinh doanh... Trong khi do, nhiing diem yeu cua he sinh thai khdi nghiep d Viet Nam nhu chuong trinh hd frg cua chi'nh phu, chuyen giao cdng nghe, chinh sach cua chinh phii,... chua dugc cai thien nhieu. Thi trudng dau tu tai chinh cho doanh nghiep khdi nghiep sang tao chua phat tridn day dii. Dii ngudn vdn dau tu mao hiem vao Viet Nam cd tang trong nhiing nam gan day, nhung chua dap ling ca ve lugng va chat: Chinh phii chua cd nhidu kenh ho trg tai chinh cho khdi nghiep sang tao. Cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep cua Viet Nam cd cac dac diem va nhu cau rieng, ddi hdi cac dieu kien thj trudng phai dugc dieu chinh phii hgp.
Ket luan
Bai hgc ciia cac qudc gia cd phong trao khdi nghiep manh me va thanh cdng cho thay, yeu td quan trgng hang dau la tinh than kinh doanh, kho'i nghiep cua chinh cac thil ITnh qudc gia, eua bg may nha nudc vdi tinh than phung su qudc gia. Con dudng khdi nghiep trong bdi canh hdi nhap qudc te sau rdng hien nay rat khdc liet va nhieu rui ro, nhung neu khdng dan than, manh dan, dam ddi mat vdi thach thiic thi khdng the khdi nghiep thanh cdng. Khi tinh than khdi nghiep, van hda khdi nghiep nd rd frong cac tang lap dan cu, dac biet la trong the he tre Viet Nam, nd se thye sy frd thanh ddng lyc manh me nhat, chu yeu nhat thuc day phat trien nen kinh te, phat frien xa hdi a
Tai lieu tham khao
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16. Quydt dinh sd 844/QD-TTg ngay 18/5/2016 cua Thii tudng Chinh phu vd viec phe duyet De an "Hd tra he sinh thdi khdi nghiep ddi mdi sdng tgo quoc gia den ndm 2025".
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khdng kheo Id budc thdng vdo mdt dgi duang dd nhugm mdu dd ehde, https://
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