d Thai Lan sau Luat Giao due quoe gia 1999
NGUYEN THI HONG LAM*
jy^e tit sau Lugt Gido due qudc gia J \ . 1999 dugc ban bo vd thitc thi, he thong gido due Thdi Lan dd cd nhUng doi m&i phu hgp v&i tien trinh phdt trien cda ddt nitdc, trong dd cd nhu cdu la ndng cao ddn tri vd ddp Ung yeu cdu lao ddng chdt lugng cao eua xd hpi lue bdy gid. Kit tinh tu cdc eudc cdi cdch gido due trit&c do, Lugt gido due qudc gia 1999 v&i nhUng sUa doi, bo sung m&i Id bp lugt cdi cdch gido due hodn chinh nhdt cua Thdi Lan Men nay.
Bdi viit dudi ddy gi&i thieu tdm ggn vi nhdng ddi m&i ddng chu y cda Lugt Gido due qudc gia 1999 vd khdi qudt vi he thdng gido due chinh quy cua Thdi Lan.
1. Mdt dau
Nln giao due Thai Lan da ton tai rat Mu ddi. The ky 13, nen giao due sd khai cua Thai Lan da dflpc hinh thanh tfl nhung bai giang triet ly Phat Giao tai cae ngdi chua, hoang cung. Den gifla the ky 19, Thai Lan la qud'c gia duy nhat trong khu vfle Ddng Nam A khdng trd thanh thudc dia cua cac nflde phfldng Tay. Cflng vao khoang thdi gian nay, Thai Lan nhanh chdng dung hda nhung yeu to phflcfng Tay vao he thd'ng giao due cua minh de hinh
thanh nen hd thdng giao due tan tie'n nhflng lai mang dam yeu to' rieng biet cua Thai Lan. Cang v l sau nay, he thd'ng giao due Thai Lan cang dflde cai tien hdn nhd cae edng eudc cai each da't nflde, trong do ed cai each giao due. Dae biet, ke ttt khi Thdng cao Giao due dflde ban hanh vao nam 1898, Thai Lan da dfla ra mdt he thd'ng giao due cd nhttng net rat gid'ng vdi he thd'ng giao due tai Anh qud'c, bao gom hai hinh thfle dao tao: theo hfldng hoc thuat va theo hfldng day nghi.
Nam 1960 danh mdt dau mdc quan trpng trong cdng cupc phat trien da't nflde cua Thai Lan bdi day la nam diu tien Chinh phil Thai Lan thifc hien Ke hoach Phat trien Kinh te Xa hdi l i n thfl nhat, trong dd bao gom Ke hoach phat trien giao due. Muc tieu giao due thdi ky nay la sfl ket hop hai hda gifla giao due va cac chinh sach kinh te, chinh tri dfldng thdi. Cd thi ndi, giao due da trd thanh chia khda chuyen doi tri thfle nham dap flng nhflng thay ddi va nhu eau ciia xa hpi luc bay gid.
Sau dd, he thd'ng giao due nam 1977 va 1978 vdi yeu eau hpc 6 nam cap tieu hpc, 3 nam trung hpc cd sd, 3 nam trung hpc ph6 thdng cung vdi giao due dai hoc da minh
* NguySn Thi Hong Lam, Vien Nghien ciitu Dong Nam A
Nguyin Thi Hong Lam - Vdi net ve he thdng gido due chinh quy d Thdi Lan.. 67 chflng cho nhttng nd life dang ke ciia Thai
Lan trong viec dap flhg yeu eau phat trien vl mat cdng nghe va kinh te ciia da't nflde.
Trai qua cac cude eai each giao due tren, de'n nhong nam cud'i eila the ky XX, Luat Giao due 1999, bd luat giao due can ban cho he thd'ng giao due Thai Lan hien dai da dflde ban hanh. Vdi nhflng nd life cua Chinh phu va nhflng doi mdi trong Bd luat Giao due, Thai Lan da xay dflng dflpc he thd'ng giao due kha hoan thien.
2. Luat Giao due quoc gia Thai Lan 1999
Vao cud'i the ky XX - diu the ky XXI, Thai Lan da tien hanh cude eai each giao due triet de d cae cap hpe v l ndi dung chflpng trinh. Dfla tren ed sd cac cupc eai each giao due trflde day va nhu ciu xa hdi lue bay gid, chinh phu Thai Lan da tong hpp va bien soan lai Luat giao due qud'c gia Thai Lan 1999. Bd luat nay bao gom 9 chflpng, 78 dieu dflpc Uy ban Giao due Qud'e gia thude Van phdng Thu tfldng Thai Lan dfla ra vao nam 1999 va ehinh thfle thfle thi vao nam 2002'".
Luat giao due 1999 da dttdc soan thio dfla tren quy trinh nam bflde. Bflde mdt:
thu thap ed sd thdng tin khoa hpc; bflde hai: sfl xem xet than trpng eua cae hpe gia;
bflde ba: sfl tham gia cua cae nhdm ed ldi ich Uen quan; bflde bd'n: pho bien dfl luat de'n ta't ca cdng ehung ndi chung; va bflde nam: tham dd dfl luan cdng ehung. Van phdng Uy ban giao due qud'c gia phdi hdp vdi To ehflc Tham do dfl luan de tham dd y kien cdng chflng*^'. Nhfl vay, de soan thao bd luat nay. Thai Lan da dau tfl rat nhilu tam huyet trong viee thu thap y kien cua mpi t i n g ldp nhan dan, dam bao sfl cdng bang trong viec ddng gdp y kien de
xay dung mdt bd luat giao due hoan thien hdn.
Theo Luat Giao due 1999, edng cupc tie'n hanh cai each giao due dflde thfle hien tren mpi gde dp, khia canh. Ndi dung cdt ldi xuyen sud't bd luat nay la Chinh phii phai dam bao cho mpi ngfldi dan diu dflde tham gia chfldng trinh dao tao ed ban eung nhfl cd nhttng cai each chfldng t n n h hpe tfl mau giao de'n dai hpc, day nghi ky thuat vdi cae loai hinh hpc chinh quy, phi chinh quy (non-fomal) danh eae nhdm hpe vien hpe theo nhu ciu; khdng chinh quy (infomal) danh cho nhijtng hpc vien hpc theo sd thich, kha nang eiia hp. Ngoai ra, Chinh phu eung da khuyen khich cac life Iflpng xa hdi, ea nhan, doanh nghiep, cpng dong, gia dinh tham gia vao cdng tac giao due, eung vdi viec xay dflng cP eau quan ly giao due theo hfldng phan cap, phan quyln. Cac cd sd giao due ein phai tang cfldng thfle hien chuan giao due vl danh gia chat Ifldng giao due song song vdi viec cai each cdng tac dao tao, boi dfldng giao vien pho thdng, giang vien dai hpe va can bp quin ly giao due. Dae biet, viee huy ddng cac nguon life dau tfl va sfl dung cac cdng nghe mdi eho giao due la npi dung noi bat ma Chinh phu Thai Lan cin thfle Men trong tien trinh cai each giao duc'^l
Diiu dang ehu y d day la Thai Lan da nhan manh quyln va nghia vu hpc tap cua ngfldi dan. Diiu 10, chfldng II ciia Luat Giao due 1999 da ghi rd: "Mpi ea nhan deu ed quyln binh dang va cd cd hdi tiep thu dao tao cP ban do Nha nflde tai trp it nhat trong 12 nam. Che dp giao due nay se dflde thfle thi tren toan qud'e, chat Ifldng dao tao phai dflpc dam bao va hoan toan miln phi"'*'. Ngoai ra, quy dinh giao due cd ban 6 nam trong Chfldng trinh giao due Qud'c
gia 1997 cung dflpc md rdng ra 9 nam, ehi tie't tai diiu 17, chfldng III eua Luat Giao due 1999: "Giao due b i t budc se la 9 nam, yeu cau tre em tfl 6 tuoi phai dang ky vao cac trfldng de nhan giao due cd ban cho de'n 15 tuoi, tfldng dfldng vdi hoan thanh ldp 9"'^'. Nhfl vay, ttt nam 2003, giao due cho tre tai Thai Lan la b i t budc trong dp tuoi tfl 6 de'n 15, tfldng dfldng vdi 9 nam hpc ttt cap Tieu hpe den Trung hpc Cd sd.
Tuy nhien, mpi ngfldi dfin Thai Lan ed quyen mien phi hpc tap 12 nam tfldng dfldng vdi cap Tieu hpe, Trung hpc Cd sd va Trung hpc Pho thdng.
Chinh phu Thai Lan da thufc hien qua trinh pho cap giao due bac Tieu hpc va Trung hpc Cp sd eho toan dan, nang cao tnnh dp dan tri tren ea nflde, thfle hien cae muc tieu mdi dflde dl ra trong Bd luat nay.
Theo so lieu thd'ng ke tfl Van phdng giao due qud'c gia thi sd Ifldng hpc sinh hoan thanh giao due bat budc tfl ldp 1 den ldp 9 la 90% vao nam 2002<6) va nam 2013 cd 99,93% hpc sinh ghi danh vao cac cap dao tao, trong dd 92,69% hpc sinh hoan thanh giao due bat bupc*'". Cd the ndi ring, day la thanh tflu ldn nha't ma Thai Lan da dat dflpc trong qua trinh cii each giao due tfl trflde den nay va cung mpt l i n nfla khang dinh nhflhg nd life eua qud'c gia nay trong viec hoan thien ke hoach giao due nham phat trien va dap flng nguon nhan life chat Iflpng cao eho da't nflde sau nay.
3. Hp thong giao due chinh quy cf Thai Lan hipn nay
- Gido due mau gido:
Cap hpc nay danh cho tre em tfl 3 de'n 5 tuoi. Mue tieu cua giao due giai doan nay la phat trien vl cd the, tri nao, tinh cam va xa hdi cho cae tre de ehuan bi cho
chfldng trinh giao due cd ban. Giao due miu giao ed the dflcfc thfle hien qua nhieu hinh thfle nhfl cae trung tam cham sdc tre em, eae nha tre va cac trfldng mau giao. Bp Giao due da dat d thu phu ciia mdi tinh mpt trfldng m i u giao de lam md hinh mau cho eae trfldng m i u giao ttt thuc. Vi cap hpc nay khdng bat bupc nen bd phan tfl nhan da gitt mdt vai trd nang dpng trong hoat dpng nay. H i u het cac trfldng d cap miu giao la trfldng tfl thuc. NhOtng trfldng nay hoat ddng dfldi sfl giam sat eiia Van phong Hpi dong Giao due Tfl thue, trfle thudc Bp Giao due.
- Gido due cd bdn:
-I- Cdp Tieu hgc
O cap hpe nay, tre ttt 6 de'n 12 tuoi bat budc phai de'n trfldng va viec de'n trfldng hoan toan mien phi. Trpng tam giao due d cap hpc nay la tap trung vao cac ky nang dpc, viet, tinh toan, giao tiep va nhttng kha nang thich flhg vdi nghe nghiep tttdng lai cila hpe sinh. Ndi dung chinh cua chflpng t n n h giing day d cap nay bao gom nam linh vfle hpc van: phat trien cae ky nang cP bin, kinh nghiem sd'ng, phat trien nhan each, giao due hfldng cdng viee va cac kinh nghiem dae biet. Linh vifc cud'i eung dflpc trien khai vao nam ldp 5 va ldp 6 la hai nam cud'i cda bac Tieu hpc. Vi qua tnnh hpe tap cua hpc sinh d nhOfng vung khac nhau trong nflde la khdng dong nhat nen mpt chfldng trinh ed't ldi dflpc dfla ra vdi sif hnh dpng cho phep tuy theo dac diem cila tflng dia phflcfng. Giao due cap tieu hpc tnfc thude nhieu cd quan khac nhau trong chinh phu. Hau het nhttng trfldng tieu hpc cdng lap trfle thupc Van phdng Hpi dong Giao due Tieu hpc Qud'c gia cua Bp Giao due.
Ngoai ra cd nhung trfldng tieu hpc sfl pham thfle nghiem g i n Uln vdi cac trfldng cao
Nguyin Thi Hong Lam - Vdi net ve he thdng gido due chinh quy d Thdi Lan.. 69
dang hoac dai hpc sfl pham cua nd; va cac trfldng trong thanh phd' tfl tri thi trfle thude Bd Ndi vu.
+ Cdp Trung hgc Ca sd
O cap Trung hpe Cd sd, hpc sinh trong dp tuoi ttt 13 de'n 16 van b i t bude phai de'n trfldng va hoan toan mien phi. Trpng tam giao due cap Trung hpe Cd sd tap trung vao tri thfle dao dfle va eae ky nang ed ban nham giup cho hpe sinh tfl kham pha vl sd trfldng va sd thich cila minh qua sfl chpn Ifla rpng rai trong sd' eae mdn hpe ca v l Iy thuyet l i n hfldng nghiep. Chfldng t n n h Trung hpe bao gom 8 linh vfle gom: Tieng Thai; ngoai ngfl; khoa hpc; toan; nghien cflu xa hpi, tdn giao va van hda; nghe thuat; sfle khde va giao due the chat; nghe nghiep va edng nghe. Chfldng trinh nay cung cd mdt pham vi rdng gom eae mdn hpc cd tinh chat tham dd tien hfldng nghiep. Cap hpc nay ed ea trfldng cdng lap lin tfl thuc. Hiu het cac trfldng cdng lap trfle thudc Vu Giao due Tong hpp cua Bd Giao due.
-I- Cdp Trung hge Phd thdng
Sau 3 nam giao due b i t bude d cap Trung hpc CP sd, hpc sinh cd hai Ifla chpn de tiep tuc phat trien. Dd la tiep tue theo hfldng hpc thuat hoac theo hfldng dao tao nghi.
NhQng ngfldi cd nguyen vpng tiep tuc theo hfldng hpe thuat thi dang ky vao cae Trfldng tnmg hpc Pho thdng va nhan giao due trong 3 nam. Chfldng trinh giao due trung hpe pho thdng cd muc tieu chinh M eung cap nhflhg Men thfle va ky nang phu hpp eho hpc sinh. Nhuhg Men thfle va ky nang nay se giup eho hpe sinh quyet dinh se tiep tuc theo hpc chfldng trinh cap eao hoac di vao edng viec lao ddng. O cap hpe nay, hau het eae mdn hpc khdng ed gi khae vdi chfldng trinh giang day d cap trung hpc
cd sd nhung se di sau hdn v l hfldng hpe thuat, dao tao cac ky nang sau hdn trong nghien cflU nham tao dieu Men cho hpc sinh hfldng de'n cd Men thfle ed ban trong viec nghien cflU d giao due bac eao.
Trflde day d Thai Lan, bae giao due pho thdng cd ta't ea 75 tin chi, trong dd cd 15 tin chi tfl cac mdn hpc chinh (Tieng Thai, nghien cflu xa hdi, giao due the chat, khoa hpc) va 15 tin chi tfl cdc mdn hpc tfl chpn b i t budc, cdn 45 tin chi edn Mi ttt cac mdn hpc ttt chpn khdng b i t budc. Ttt sau chttofng trinh giao due ed't ldi cd ban 2008 cua Bp Giao due Thai Lan dfla ra thi den nam 2012, yeu eau tong chflng ehi can phii dat eua hpe sinh d ca'p trung hpc pho thdng la 41 tin ehi bao gom Tiing Thai, toan hpc, khoa hpc va ngoai ngfl chiem 6 tin chi. cae linh vfle vl nghe thuat, sfle khde va giao due the chat, day nghi va cdng nghe chiem 3 tin chi vl cae linh vfle vl nghien cflu xa hdi, tdn giao va van hda chie'm 8 tin ehi. Hcfn nfla, hpe sinh phai hpe them 36 den 40 tin chi tai cac mdn hpc bo sung. Nhfl vay, tong tin chi can phai dat dflpc la 77 de'n 81 tin chi'^'.
- Gido due bdc cao
Giao due bac cao dflpc Chinh phu Thai Lan quan tam dae biet. Hang nam, cd den hang ngan hpc sinh tdt nghiep trung hpe pho thdng mud'n tiep tue sfl nghiep hpc van cua minh tai cac trfldng dai hpe. Thdng thfldng, chfldng trinh hpc dai hpc cua Thai Lan keo dai 4 nam (120 -150 tin chi) nhflng tuy theo chuyen nganh thdi gian hpe cd the keo dai hPn nhfl nganh Y hpc keo dai den 5 nam vdi khoang 150 den 188 tin chi.
De cd the dflpc vao hpc tai cac trfldng dai hpe edng lap, hpc sinh phai tham dfl mpt ky thi cd tinh eanh tranh rat eao do
Bd Dai hpe to chfle vao thang 4 hang nam.
Muc tieu giao due d cip nay la phat trien day du vl tri thfle va sfl tien bp eua tri thfle va edng nghe. Hau h i t cac trfldng dai hpe tfl thuc tai Thai Lan deu thien ve hfldng dao tao khoa hpe tfl nhien va edng nghe.
Diiu nay khdng chi dap flhg dflde yeu cau trflde m i t M giai quyet dflde nhu ciu theo hpe giao due bac cao cua hang ngan hpc sinh ma cdn dap ttng dflpc muc tieu ehl dao eua Chinh phu la cd mdt nen khoa hpc edng nghe tien tien. O cap nay cd eae trfldng eao ding, dai hpc, cac hpc vien hoac eae chfldng trinh dac biet. Giao due cap cao dflpc chia thanh 3 mfle dp: dfldi cfl nhan, ctt nhan va tren cfl nhan.
-I- Dudi cU nhdn
Mfle dp dfldi ett nhan cd muc tieu cung cap eho ngfldi hpc nhOtng Men thfle va ky nang hfldng nghiep d t n n h dp trung cap, trong dd cd nang life de vao nghe va phat trien cac cd sd doanh nghiep. Tfl cae Men thfle dao tao nghe da ed ttt cap trflde, hpc sinh cd the tham gia vao dao tao bac cao hdn tai cac trfldng trung cap va dflde cap bang trung cap dao tao nghi hay trung cap dao tao ky thuat sau hai nam hpc. Chfldng trinh dao tao gom cac linh vfle ndng nghiep, quin ly kinh doanh, giao due, ky sfl cdng nghe, Mnh te nflde nha, nghe thuat, am nhac, dien anh va hdi hpa tfl do, bao gom 24 tin chi.
-I- CU nhdn
Mfle dp ctt nhan cd mue tieu phat trien Men thfle va nhOtng ky nang nghi nghiep cua sinh vien d t n n h dp cao hdn vdi nhieu mdn hpe khae nhau, dae biet la phat trien kha nang flng dung ly thuye't vao thfle tiin ca ve mat hpe thuat l i n chuyen mdn, kha nang gat hai va quang ba Men thfle, kha nang ddng gdp vao sfl phat trien eua dat
nflde trong ede Iinh vfle Mnh te, xa hpi, ehinh tri, van hda va mdi trfldng, va kha nang tang cfldng vai trd eiia dat nfldfc trong edng dong qud'c te. Ta't ca eae chfldng tnnh dao tao ctt nhan deu ed 30 tin chi trong tieu chuan dao tao Men thfle ehung vl nhan van, khoa hpe xa hpi, khoa hpc ttt nhien.
Cac khd'i linh vfle ehuyen nganh gom 84 tin chi cho chfldng trinh ctt nhan 4 nam va 114 tin ehi cho chfldng trinh 5 nam, 6 tin chi tfl chpn.
-I- Tren cH nhdn
Mfle dp tren cut nhan cd muc dich nhfl phat trien nhttng Men thfle va ky nang chuyen sau eiia ngfldi hpe, phaii dau eho stt tie'n bp va ttU viet trong hpc thuat, dac biet la trong hpc tap nghien cflu va phat trien cae Men thfle va cdng nghe ve khoa hpe tif nhien, khoa hpc xa hpi va nhan van, thiic day stt van dung cdng nghe hien dai va tinh hoa tri thttc ciia ngfldi Thai vao viec phat trien Mnh te va xa hdi cho Thai Lan.
Cao hpc
Ctt nhan vdi so' diem trung binh chung it nha't M 3.0/ 4.0 thi mdi cd the tham dif chfldng trinh dao tao eao hpc. Chfldng t n n h cao hpc thttdng keo dai trong 2 nam.
Ngttdi hpc cd the dat bang cap bang 3 each:
tham dtt nghe giang va tham gia bai thi (45 - 55 tin chi); Tham gia nghe giang (36 tin ehi) va viet bai bao cao cud'i ky (9-12 tin chi) hoac la thifc hien de tai nghien cflU va vilt bai bao eao cud'i ky.
Nghien cttu sinh
Ngttdi dat bang thac sy vdi sd diem trung binh it nhat la 3.5/ 40 thi mdi cd thi tham gia vao ehttcfng trinh dao tao nghien cflu sinh. Chfldng trinh nay thfldng keo dai 2 den 5 nam vdi so' Ifldng tin chi td'i thieu la 48, trong dd cd it nhat 12 tin chi tfl khda
Nguyen Thi Hong Lam - Vdi net vi he thdng gido due chinh quy d Thdi Lan.. 71
hpc cung vdi bao ve thanh cdng mdt luan an tie'n sy.
- Gido due nghe nghiep
Nhan thttc dflpc tam quan trpng cua giao due hfldng nghiep dd'i vdi stt phat trien life Ittflng lao dpng pho thdng eua da't nflde. Thai Lan da ed stt quan tam dac biet d khia canh nay. Giao due nghi nghiep d Thai Lan cd manh nha ttt cap trung hpc cP sd va phat trien len theo httdng dao tao nghe cho nhOtng hpe sinh khdng theo hfldng hpc thuat d cap bae trung hpc pho thdng. Tuy nhien, nhttng hpe sinh cap trung hpc pho thdng cung dttdc httdng ngMep theo sd thich va sd tnfdng eua minh neu khdng tiep tue tham gia giao due bac cao. Nhilu khda hpc va chttdng trinh dao tao da dttdc thttc hien va quan ly bdi Vu Giao due Httdng Nghiep va Vien Cdng nghe va Giao due Httdng nghiep. He thd'ng giao due sau pho thdng bao gom eae tnfdng trung hpc ehuyen nghiep, day nghe va cac trttdng eao dang. Cd tat ca tam chttdng trinh eho cac cap dp khac nhau de thich ttng vdi vd'n lieng hpc van s i n cd eua tifng hpc sinh, ttt cap dp ky nang sd dang danh cho nhOtng hpc sinh da hpc h i t trung hpc CP sd den cap dp cua chttdng trinh stt pham ky thuat danh cho nhttng ngttdi cd Chttng chi Ky thuat Cao dang vdi thanh tieh hpc tap tot va mud'n trd thanh nhttng giao vien ky thuat tai cac trfldng cao dang va cac trung tam dao tao hfldng nghiep.
Hpe sinh ed the tham gia vao eae ldp hpe tflcfng flng cho 4 loai cbtthg cM dao tao nghi cd the dat dflde sau khi ke't thue khda hpc gom: Chflng chi trong dao tao nghi (Cert. Voc ) vdi chttdng trinh 3 nam; Cbflhg cU trong dao tao nghi kep (Cert.Voe- DVT), day la chttdng t n n h dao tao nghi 3 nam ket hdp vdi ly thuye't va thttc hanh;
Chttng chi dao tao nghe - He thd'ng tieh luy tin ehi (Cert.Voc-CAS) gom cae chttdng trinh dao tao ngan trong thdi gian 3 den 8 nam; Chflng chi dao tao nghe Ldp hpc buoi td'i ( Cert. Voc-EC), day la chttdng trinh danh cho nhung hpc vien da di lam'S).
Dae biet, nganh giao due stt pham eung nhan dttpe stt quan tam dung mttc eua Chinh phii Thai Lan. Ttt kM trttdng stt pham diu tien dflde thanh lap nham dao tao nhOtng giao vien sd cap tfl nam 1892 thi de'n nam 1960 hang loat nhOtng ddn vi sfl pham ra ddi de dap ttng nhu cau bfle tMet ve giao vien va cho de'n bay gid nganh giao due stt pham da cd rat nhilu thay doi va da md rpng rat nhilu. Sfl md rdng nay dflde thuc day bdi ba nhan to chinh: viec md rpng pham vi cfldng bach giao due, stt gia tang dan sd' va sfl gia tang pho cap giao due cap trung hpe trong nhan dan.
Tdm lai, chung ta cd the tdm t i t he thd'ng giao due chinh quy cua Thai Lan qua bieu do li<".
4. K e t l u a n
Nhin ehung, he thd'ng giao due chinh quy eua Thai Lan cd nhilu net tflcfng dong vdi he thd'ng giao due chinh quy Viet Nam.
Tuy nhien, ke tfl khi Luat Giao due qud'e gia 1999 dflde ban hanh va thttc tM thi giao due Thai da ed rat nhieu diem tien bd, dang cho Viet Nam tham khio. Trttdc het, Chinh phil Thai Lan da di theo mdt quy trinh chat ehe trong viee soan thao Luat Giao due 1999. Trong dd, diiu dang ndi la sau khi hoan thien cac bflde chu yeu. Thai Lan da thfle hien rdng rai van de tnfng ciu dan y de hoan thien Bd luat. Viec md rdng sfl tham gia cua nhan dan vao xay dflng luat da giup eho mpi ngttdi dan, dac biet la
B i e u do 1: Hp t h o n g g i a o d u e c h l n h q u y ciia T h a i L a n
Giao due miu giao (3 nam)
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Giao due bat budc tieu hpc (6 nam)
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Giao due bat budc trung hpe ed sd ( 3 nam )
Hirdng nghiep vu Hifdng h o c thuat
Mttc dS van bang (3nam)
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' Mttc dg chflng chi (3nam)
1
Mttc do Ctt nhan (1-2 nam)
Giao due trung hpe phS thdng (3 nam)
1
' '
Dao tao Cijf nhan (4-6 nam)
i
Dao tao Thae sy (dttdi 5 nam)
i
Dao tao Tie'n sy
cae bac phu huynh d vung sau vung xa cd cd hdi de ddng gdp y Men cua minh cung nhfl tiep can hdn vdi giao due qud'c gia.
Ngoai ra, Thai Lan da thfle Men tdt viec pho cap giao due tfl cap tieu hpc den trung hpc Cd sd vdi ket qua thfle te kha quan. Tilp theo dd, diiu dac biet d day la he thd'ng giao due Thai Lan ed sfl phan cMa rd rang trong viec phat trien theo hfldng dao tao nghi va hfldng hpc thuat tflcfng dfldng vdi viee eung flng nguon lao ddng ndi chung va nguon lao ddng chat Ifldng cao eho dat nflde
sau nay. Thai Lan da tap trung hfldng ngMep cho hpc sinh ttt sau cap Trung hpc Cd sd, trong khi d Vidt Nam, van dl hfldng ngMep hay day nghi cW la mdn hpc phu d cap Trung hpc Pho thdng.
Nhfl vay, sau khi Luat Giao due qud'e gia 1999 dflpc thfle thi, he thd'ng giao due ehinh quy eua Thai Lan da di vao mpt quy trinh chat che hdn, tap trung sau hdn ve Men thfle khoa hpc, cdng nghe va dac biet la g i n nhfl da dap flng dflpc muc tieu chinh la mpi tre em tren da't nflde Thai deu phai
Nguyin Thi Hong Lam - Vdi net ve he thdng gido due chinh quy d Thdi Lan.. 73
t h a m gia giao due ed b a n . Giao due bae cao trong dd cd giao due dai hpe cung dflde Chinh phu T h a i L a n dac biet eoi t r p n g v a d i y m a n h n h a m d a p flhg yeu cau nguon n h a n life c h a t Ifldng cao cho p h a t t r i e n kinh te va xa hpi T h a i L a n t r o n g bd'i e a n h hdi n h a p va t o a n cau hda./.
C H U T H I C H
1. Thailand Education Act 1999, Office of the National Education Commission, Office of Prime Minister , Thailand.
2. GS. Pham Phu. Ve khuon mat mdi eua giao due Viet Nam - 3 d i nghi v i Luat giao due (sfla ddi) va doi mdi giao due, 2005 3. PGS.TS. Nghiem Dinh Vy, Ban Tuyen giao
Trung Udng, Ttt eai each giao due eua mgt s5' nflde hien nay rut bai hpe kinh nghiem cho Vigt Nam , 2002
4. Thailand Education Act 1999, section 10, chapter 2: Educational Rights and Duties, page 8, Office of the National Education Commission, Office of Prime Minister , Thailand.
5. Thailand Education Act 1999, section 17, chapter 3:EducationaI system, page 9, Office of t h e National Education Commission, Office of Prime Minister , Thailand.
6. Office of t h e National Education Commission 2003: p.20-21, 37, 39-40 7. Education for All 2015 National Review,
p24,30
8. Education System Thailand, Intemationalzing education, 2"'^ eddition February 2011, version 3, January 2015 9. Education System Thailand, Internationalz
ing education, 2""^ eddition February 2011, version 3, January 2015, page 7
10. Sarayuth Poolsup, " Educational Politics in Thailand: A Case of the 1999 National Education Act" (2003), Page 127
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. Le v a n Anh, Nguyin Van Tan,"Lic/j sU Bong Nam A tit sau chien tranh the gidi thd hai den nay (1945 -1999)", NXB Giao due, 2005.
2. Tran Vinh Bao (bd), "Mpt vdng quanh cdc nitac: Thdi Lan" , ]^JXB Van hda Thong ttn 2010.
3. Gs.Vs. P h a m Minh Hac (Chu bien), PGS.TS T r a n Kilu, PGS.TS. Dang Ba Lam, PGS.TS. Nghiem Dinh Vy, "Gido due tlie gidi di vdo the kl XXT', NXB CTQG, Ha Ngi, 2002.
4. GV.VS. Dang Httu (ehu bien), "Phdt tnen kinh te tri thitc, rut ngdn qud trinh cdng nghiep hod, hien dgi hod, gido due the gidi di vdo tlie ki XXT', NXB CTQG, Ha Ngi, 2002.
5. Lfldng Ninh (Chu bien), "Lich sit Bdng Nam A", NXB Giao Due, 2005
6. Tran Thi Vinh, "Thiic trgng vd xu the phdt trien", nghien eilu Dong Nam A, H, 1994.
7. K h i c Thanh - Sinh Phuc. "Lich stt cac nflde ASEAN", NXB Tre TPHCM, 2001.
8. V i | n Ddng Nam A, "Cdc nitdc Bdng Nam A - lich sd vd hiin tgi", 1990.
T i e n g A n h
9. Education in Thailamd - Some Thai Perspective , US Department of Health Education and welfare. Office of education, 1973.
10. Education in Asia and the Pacific: Review, Report and Note, Unessco Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok , 1990.
11. Thailand Education Act 1999, Office of the National Education Commission, Office of Prime Minister, ThaOand.
12. World data on Education, UNESSCO, 2011
13. UNESCO national education support strategy Thailand 2010-2015, 2011.
14. John D.Eyre, "Today's world in focus:
ThaUand", 1964.