v u DUY G I A N G - Vai trd bd duang ciia acid linoleic...
VAI TRO BO DT/OIVG CUA ACID LINOLEIC LIEN HOP (CLA: CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID) TRONG SCfA BO
Vu Duy Gidng Triro'ng Dai hgc Nong nghif p 1 Ha Ngi
Tac gia lien he: VQ Duy Giang
Tel: 0913.572.869; Email: [email protected] Cong thuc hoa hoc
CLA dugc Pariza phan lap lan dau tien vao nam 1983 tu thit bd theo Wikipedia:file. Acid linoleic lien hgp (CLA) la mdt nhdm acid beo chua no gdm it nh.k 13 dong phan. CLA rit giau trong thit va san pham sua cua loai nhai nhai lai, dac biet la cis-9, trans -11-CLA vd tran.
-10, cis -12-CLA. Sau day la cdng thuc hoa hgc cua acid linoleic (cis-9. cis-12) va acic, linoleic lien hap (cis-9, trans-11 CLA):
O H acide linol^ique: Sc, 1 2 c - 1 8 : 2
O H acide linoldique conjugu^: 9c, 11t-18:2
Acid linoleic gdm cd 18 carbon, 2 ndi ddi, cac nguyen tu H gan vdi C d vi tri sd 9 va 12 (dem tir gdc carboxyl trd lai) deu d cung mdt phia cho nen dugc ky hieu la cis 9 va cis 12 {cis theo tieng Lalinh co nghia Id ciing mot phia). Khac vdi acid linoleic, trong cdng thuc ciia acid linoleic lien hap, a vi tri carbon sd 9, hai nguyen tir H van d cung mdt phia ciia ndi ddi (nen ggi la C/.V 9) nhung d vi tri carbon sd 11 thi nguyen tir H lai nam d phia ddi dien vdi nguyen tir H khac trdn ciing mdt ndi ddi (nen ggi la trans 11, trans theo chir Lalinh co nghTa la hdt ngang qua). CLA la ma trans nhung lai khdng cd hai ma cd lgi cho sire khoe ciia ngudi (d My tat ca cac loai ma trans trong thuc pham deu phai cdng bd tren nhan hang va dugc cac quy dinh luat phap kiem soat, tuy nhien md trans trong dang "conjugated: lien hap" a trang thai tu nhien thi dugc phep sir dung khdng bi kiem soat).
Su chuyen hoa ciia CLA
CLA dugc hinh thanh trong da cd loai nhai lai theo hai con dudng:
Acide linoleic c-9,c-12,C18:3
Acide linolenic c-9, c-12, c-15C18:3 Acide rumenic
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c-9,t-ll C18:2
M-U,
c - 9 , l - l l , c - 1 5 C I 8 : 3 t-ll,c-15C18:2
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Acide vaccenic t-11 C18:l
Acide stearic C18:0
Sir do I: Con dircnig hinh thdnh cdc dong phdn ciia acid linoleic trong dg co
VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tap clii Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - So 13-Thang 8-2008
Hydro hoa sinh hgc (biohydrogenation) khdng hoan toan acid linolenic nhd cac enzyme ciia vi khuan (sa dd 1). Tdng hgp ndi sinh trong tuyen vu nhd enzyme A-desaturrase (sa dd 2). 6 con dudng 1, acid linoleic (CI8:2, c-9, c-12) hinh thanh acid rumenic rdi thanh acid vacenic; acid linolenic (C18:3, c-9, c-12, c-15) cung cd thd hinh thanh C18:3, c-9, t-11, c-15 rdi thanh C18:2, t-11, c-15 va acid vacenic. Tir acid vacenic se tao ra acid stearic, do la mdt acid beo no cd 18 carbon. Cac acid beo rumenic va vacenic la cac acid beo khdng no dang trans lien hgp.
Acid rumenic tir da cd di vao mau de den tuyen vii rdi di vao siia; cdn acid vacenic khi den tuyen vii lai bien thanh acid rumenic nhd enzyme A-desaturrase rdi ciing di vao sira. Nhu vay, trong sira ham lugng hai ddng phan cua CLA nay kha phong phii (sira bd chira 0,5 den 2%
CLA trong tdng acid beo va acid rumenic chiem 90% cua tdng cac CLA cd trong sira va 75%
ciia tdng CLA cd trong ma bd. W. Suksombat va cs (2007). Can chii y rang ham lugng CLA trong sira loai nhai lai bien ddng theo mdt sd nhan td nhu loai, gidng, ca the, tudi va thiirc an.
Tdc dung cua CLA doi vdi sire khoe nguffi
TONG HQP NOI SINH CUA CLA
D a CO
Ruot non Mau
Tuyen vu
.4cid vaccenic Acide rumenic
^MHI
in(ri ivX
^aH
.'.Wi I
\ci(lc rumenic
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Sa do 2: con duang tong hap noi sinh cua CLA
Nhirng nghien ciiu tren ddng vat thi nghiem da cho biet rang CLA cd tac dung chdng ung thu {cis 9, tram 11 va trans 10, cis 12), ngan ngira xa vira mach {cis 9, trans 11), ban che beo phi va dai thao dudng {trans 10, cis 12). Ddi vdi tac dung chdng ung thu, nhirng nghien ciiu tren chudt cho biet CLA cd tac dung ngan trd sir tang trudmg cua khdi u tuyen vii, da va ket trang. Ci ngudi ciing da cd nhirng nghien ciiu chung minh rang nhirng khau phan md su:a giau CLA cd tac dung chdng lai nguy ca ung thu vii cua phu nur theo Knekt P va cs (1996). Gan day cac ket qua nghien ciru cua Sabine Tricon va cs cho biet bd sung CLA cho ngudi da hoat hoa lymphocyte T, hieu qua cua cis-9, trans-11 trans CLA ya trans-10 va cis-12 CLA thi tuang duong nhau, tuy nhien hieu qua nay phu thudc vao lieu ciia CLA. ^ -
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v u DUY GIANG - Vai trd bd duang ciia acid linoleic...
Nghien cim ciia trudng Dai hgc Alberta cho biet nhung khau phan giau acid vacenic, mdt ddng phan ciia CLA cd trong san pham thit va sira ddng vat nhai lai cd the giam nguy ca gay benh tim mach, tieu dudng va beo phi. Nguyen nhan la do acid vacenic cd tac dung giam chylomicron, cac tieu phan chira ma va cholesterol hinh thanh trong rudt non sau biia an.
Chylomicron nhanh chdng di khap ca the va cd the dugc chuyen hoa thanh nhirng yeu td gay nhiing rdi loan ve chuyen hoa. Mdt nghien cuu tren chudt cho thay rang acid vacenic trong khau phan cd the ha thap cholesterol 30%, LDL (cholesterol xau) 25%) va triglyceride hon 50%. Science Daily (Apr. 5, 2008). Nhiing nghien ve CLA trong khau phan ngudi chi ra rang CLA cd khuynh hudng lam giam ma cd the, dac biet ma bung, cai thien profile lipid huyet thanh va giam su tiep nhan glucose cua ca the. Lieu tdi da de giam md ca the la 3,4g CL/ . Tuy nhien, cdn cd ket qua nghien cim trai ngugc nhau, cho rang sir dung CLA cho ngudi bee phi da lam tang su khang insulin, tir dd tang nguy ca phat trien tieu dudng, cd nghien cuu la' cho rang khdng cd sir thay ddi nao ddi vai sir nhay cam insulin khi sir dung CLA .Thom E va cs(2001).
Cdi thien CLA trong sira vd thit bd bdng che dp dn
Thuc an va chd do nudi dudng cd thd cai thien ham lugng CLA trong sura va thit ciia loai nhai lai. Dhiman.T.R va cs (2000) cho biet bd chan tha tren ddng cd cd ham lugng CLA trong sua cao hon bd nudi bang khau phan chira cd ciing vdi thirc an tinh. Mdt thi nghiem bd sung dau lanh ciing vai thirc an tinh cho bd siira chan tha tren ddng cd alfalfa (4 Id, Id ddi chung chi bd sung thirc an tinh. Id thi nghiem 1 bd sung thirc an tinh ciing vdi 170g dau lanh. Id thi nhiem 2 va 3 bo sung thiic an tinh nhu Id thi nghiem 1 nhung lugng dau lanh tang gap ddi va gap 3 so vdi Id thi nghiem 1 (340 va 510g/bd \k\ lugt). Ket qua thi nghiem cho biet bd sung dau lanh khdng lam thay ddi san lugng sira, nhung lam lang rd ret ham lugng ma va protein siia, barn lugng cis-9, trans-11 CLA va acid vacenic trong sira tang tuyen tinh vdi lugng dau lanh bd sung. T.R.Dhiman va cs (2000). Mdt nghien cim khac gin day ciia Bu va cs (2007) cung cho bidt, tren khiu phan bd siia giau thirc an thd (59% thirc an thd tinh theo chat khd khau phan) thi loai dau nao giSu acid linoleic nhu dau dd tuang se cd tac dung lam tang cao nhieu ban ham lugng acid vacenic va cis-9, trans-11 CLA trong sura so vdi dau giau acid linolenic nhu dkx lanh. Hon hgp ciia acid linoleic va linolenic (ty le 50:50) cd tac dung manh hon la bd sung rieng re timg loai acid nay.
Ngudi ta ciing cd thd tang ham lugng CLA trong sira bang each bd sung true tiep CLA vao khki phan, CLA d dang muoi canxi [Ca(CLA)2] thi hieu qua hon dang acid Y. Huang va cs (2007). Khiu ph4n bd sung dau tuong nguyen dkx ep dim hay hat bdng nguyen dau ep dim hay bd sung dau huong duong cung lam tang CLA trong sura {co thi gidu acid linolenic con ddu dd tuang. ddu bong, ddu hucmg duang thi gidu acid linoleic).
Ngudi ta khdng chi lam gilu CLA trong sOa ma cdn lam giiu CLA trong ca thit be va thit ga broiler. Mdt thi nghiem cua Paradis.C va cs (2008) cho bd me chan tha tren ddng cd hang ngay dugc bd sung 2 kg do tuong song hoac do tuong ep dim da thay ham lugng CLA trong sira me tang tir 15,4 mg len 24,2 mg tinh cho mdi gram acid beo tdng sd ciia sira; ham lugng CLA trong md md cua be bii sira me ciing tang tir 16,9 mg len 25,0 mg tinh cho moi gram acid beo tdng sd trong md mo ciia be. Vdd thi nghiem tren ga Broiler thi ngudi ta da nhan thay rang bd sung CLA vao khau phSn vdi ham lugng la 0, 0,5; 1,0 va 1,5% khdi lugng khau phin da lam tang ham lugng CLA trong thjt ^,a, tang acid beo no trong thit, dac biet la thit diii, nhung acid beo chua no thi khdng bien ddi va lam giam rd ret lugng ma bung W. Suksombat va cs (2007).
VIEN C H A N N U O I - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cdng nghi Chdn nudi - So 13-Thang 8-2008
Ket ludn
Trong chien luge chan nudi theo hudng thuc pham chiic nang, ciing vdi voi viec tao cac thuc pham chirc nang chira cac vitamin, cac chat chdng oxy hoa, cac acid beo omega-3... thi viec tao cac thuc pham chirc nang giau Acid linoleic lien hap (CLA) tir cac san pham sira hoac thit dang dugc nganh khoa hgc thuc pham quan tam va phat trien. Bang con dudng cdng nghiep ngudi ta ciing cd the tao ra CLA, tuy nhien chi cd CLA tu nhien tao ra tir loai nhai lai thi mdi thuc sir cd lgi cho sire khoe con ngudi. Nhu vay, trong chien luge nay nganh chan nudi khdng the dimg ngoai cudc.
T A I LIEU THAM KHAO
Chin S.F., W. Eiu, J.M.Storkson, Y.E. Ha va M.W. Pariza (1992). Dietary sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid. A newly recognized class of anticamocinogens. J. Food Comp. Anal. 5.185-197 (din theo W. Suksombat va cs. Poultry Science 86:318-324, 2007)
Bu, D.P., J.Q. Wang, T. R. Dhiman va S.J. Liu (2007). effectiness of oil rich in linoleic acids to enhance conjugated linoleic acid in milk from dary cows. J. Dary Sci. 90:998-1007, 2007
Dhiman. T.R , L.D. Salter, M.W. Pariza, M.P. Galli (2000). Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) content of milk from cows offered diets rich in Linolenic Acid. 2000 J Dairy Sci. 83:1016-1027
Huang,Y., J. P. Schoonmaker, B. J. Bradford va D. C. Beitz (2007). Response of Milk Fatty Acid Composition to Dietary Supplementation of Soy Oil, Conjugated Linoleic Acid, or Both. J.Dairy Sci. 2008. 91:260-270.
doi:10.3168/jds.2007-0344
Mercola.com:file:///D:/My%20Documents/CLA%20animal%20products/Natural%20Trans%20Fats%20Actually
%20Have%20Health%20Benefits%20-%20Articles.htm
Paradis,C., R. Bcrthiaume, C. Lafreniere, R. Gervais and P. Y. Chouinard (2008). Conjugated linoleic acid content in adipose tissue of calves suckling beef cows on pasture and supplemented with raw or extruded soybeans'-J. Anim Sci. 2008. 86:1624-1636. doi:10.2527/jas.2007-0702
Sabine Tricon, Graham C Burge, Samatha Kew (2004). Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on immune cell function in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1626-33
Science Daily (Apr. 5, 2008)]
Suksombat,W,, T. Boonmee va Lounglawan (2007). Effects of various levels of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on fatty acid content and carcass composition of broiler. 2007 Poultry Science 86:318- 324
Thom E, Wadstein J, Gudmundsen O. (Sep-Oct 2001). "Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat in healthy exercising humans". The Journal of Intemational Medical Research 29 (5); 392-396. PMID 11725826.
Retrieved on 2006-05-27.
Wikipedia:file:///D:/My%20Documents/CLA%20animal%20products/Conjugated%201inoleic%20acid%20-
%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm
Knektp, R, Jarvinen, R. Sappanen, E. Pukkasa va A. Aroma, 1996. Intake of dairy products and risk breast cancer. 73:687-691
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