VAN DE GIEU NILAJ
TRONG TIEU THUYET CUA HO ANH TH-^
DO THI C.4M vAX •
Tom tit: Tinb hen van ban li thuoc tinb ban the cini mgi vSn ban. Cach mil nnh ben vin an e hi$n thudc tinb cua minh la da dang vi luy thudc vio gdc nhin cua nbieu nbi nghien CUU.^
thoyit Vi^t Nam duong dai. "giiu nhai'li mot thu phap ndi bat thd bien tinb hen van ban, trong o tieu tbuyeiciia Ho .Anh Tbid li mdt trong nhdng trUdng hgp tieu biiu. Vgi hinh thuc tricb din n ai, vien din nhai. Ho .Anh Thai da md rdng duang bien cua tbi loai, gdp phin lam mdi deu thuyet^ trong viec .\,ii dung kel ciu, su dung ngdn ngd td do gop phin thay ddi each thdc tie'p can va phan anh bifn thuc dua neu thuyet Viet .Vim duang dfi trd tbinh the lofi rfflc trUng nhi't lU.i tinh hau hien dai. Bai vici chi ra nhdng binh thdc tieu hieu cua giiu nhfi trong tie'u thuyet cua Hd.\nb Thai tdgoc nbin cia ly tbuydi lien van hin. td dd pban uch, nhin nb$n nhdng ddng gdp cua HS Anh Thai ddi vdi lici! tbuyiH \'iet Xam duang dai.
Tii khoa: Gieu nbfd; tieu thuyoi. Hd.Anh Thai.
Abstract: Intertcxtunlity is Ihe key attribute of every text. Intertextuality is manifested its attributes is diverse n.i\~ depending on the view, of researchers. In contemporary Vietnamese novels, "parody" i< a prominent tactic showing intertextuality. and the novels by Ho Anh Thai are one of the fi-pjc.i/ case.^. Wuh the form of parodic quotation and parodic sarcasm. Ho Anb Thai has expanded the boundaries of the genre, contributed to renewing the novels in structure and language n.-ic. thereby providing new approaches to reilect rciihty. making contemporary Vietnamese novels the most distinclive genre of postmodernity. The article discussed the typical forms of parody in iu>vcl..i by Ho Anb Thai from intertextual theory perspective, then analyzed Ho Anh Thai's caiitnhutian^ to contemporary Vietnamese novels.
Keywords: Parody; novel; Ho Anb Thai.
.\V.n nhin bii; 15/11/2019; Sgii^ sda bii; 27/11/2019; Ngay duyet ding bii; 27/02/2020.
1. Dat van de ve noi ham ciia khai niem gieu nhai la Thuat ngU gieu nhai (tie'ng Anh: ehUa di de'n thd'ng nha't. Theo Genette thi parody, tie'ng Phap: parodie) co goc til ea hai hinh thUc giiu nhai (parody) va tieng Hi Lap co dai la parodia. Td nay nhai (pastiche) deu thuoe phudng thiJtc hai gom CO hai phan ket hdp lai; tien to' para hudc (playftil), nhUng giiu nhai thuoc (vUa cd y nghia la doi lai vila co y nghia la quan he bie'n doi, cdn nhai thupc quan he ben canh) va danh tU ode (c6 nghia la bai bat chudc. Nha nghien e t a ngudi My, hat). Giiu nhai vUa dUdc hieu la mot bai Fredrik Jameson cho r&ng giiu nhai da bi hat "chong lai" bai hat khac, vila dong thdi tude mat di sU hai hUdc va y do nhao bang, duoc hie'u la bai hat dugc hat ben canh bai nen ong goi giiu nhai la pastiche. Con mot hat khae ma khong chong lai nd. Chinh so ly thuyet gia hau hien dai thi xem nhflng each hieu nay da d i n de'n tinh chat pastiche (nhai) c t a g la mot dang "giiu ludng nghia ciia til nguyen ma cho de'n .
nay. viec dua ra mot gidi thuyet duy nha't '"' NCS Khoa van hoc. Hoc vi^n Khoa hf«. xa hAi
JQ] NHJkN LUC KHOt HOC XA HAI SISS-JOJO
DO THI (-.^.M V..\X nhai d i e hiet". "nhu sU tU g i i u n h a i " . D u
nhin dudi gdc do nao t h i giiu nhai ciing bao gom h a i bo p h a n g i i u va n h a i , tiic bat chudc va cham hiem, h a i bo p h a n n a y co quan he binh dang, gdn bd m a t t h i e t va di lien vdi n h a u de t h a n h t h u a t ngfl g i i u nhai. G i i u n h a i trd t h a n h m o t phUOng thiie tieu bieu, la da'u hieu cua v a n hoe hSu hien dai n h u k h a n g d i n h cila I . P . I h n v4 nhieu n h a n g h i e n cflu P h u o n g T a y "..
td gieu nhai nhd mgt phdang thdc tieu bieu ma nha vin h$u hien dai muon dung de chong choi vdi "cai ngon ngd doi tra ve thdc chat" va, do la ngddi "hoai nghi chii nghia triSt de, nha vin hau hien dai cho rkng cai the gidi di thddng nay that vo nghia va da danh mat mpi cd sd. Chinh vi viiy. "bing viec cung cap cho chung ta thien mo phong tieu thuyet cua thd tac gia mo phong vai tro tac gia..." nha tieu thuyet hSu hien dai "giSu nhai chinh ban than minh bing hinh vi giiu n h a i ' " ' .
TrUdc he't phiki k h a n g d i n h r a n g , g i i u nhai la thik p h a p k h o n g h e mdi. T r o n g v a n hoc Viet N a m tfl t r u n g dai de'n hien dai, timg xua't hien ye'u to' g i i u n h a i t r o n g sang tac cua Ho X u a n Huong, N g u y e n Khuyen, Tii Xuong,.. de'n s a n g tac eua Vu Trong P h u n g , N g u y i n Cdng Hoan,... va khdi dau cho p h u o n g thUe g i i u n h a i t r o n g van hoc duong dai Viet N a m cd t h e k l de'n Nguyen Huy T h i e p va P h a m T h i Hoai. Ttt day, viec sii d u n g phUdng thflc g i i u n h a i trong tieu t h u y e t Viet N a m dUdng dai dugc n a n g len t a m n g h e t h u a t va trd thanh nguyen t i c to chflc, xay d u n g t a c ph^m. G i i u n h a i gid day k h o n g p h a i la mot yeu to' ma la cong cu, cdng cu n a y thUc hien chflc n a n g "giai thieng" m a trudc dd, n h i e u n h a v a n hien d a i xua't s4c chua lam dUOc. Vdi k h a n a n g nay, g i i u Ki 5-2020
n h a i cd t h e x u a t hien t r e n moi binh dien cua v a n b a n lam n e n k h u y n h hudng nhai.
budc r a khoi m a u sac cua sii thi va van ehUdng xien dUdng. td hong. Van chUdng \ i t h e tiem can vdi ddi song dang eo nhieu bien chuyen va thay doi. Trong sU tiem cfin dd.
Ho Anh Thai la mot trong nhflng n h a van tieu b i l u cd nhieu ddng gdp cho van hgc Viet N a m duong dai khdng chi bdi khdi lUdng tac p h a m do so ma cdn tao ra "tinh dgng" cua van b a n qua eha't giong giiu nhai dac trUng trong mgt mang ludi hen vSn ban day dac.
Viec nhin n h a n mgt each khai quat. thau tdm CO b a n dae tinh cua giiu nhai la nhflng ggi y de chiing tdi tien h a n h tim hieu dac diem giiu nhai trong tieu thuyet n i a Hd Anh Thai ttt ly thuyet Lien van biin. Trong p h a m vi bai ™ t . chiing tdi nghien eflu hai hinh thflc nhai tieu bieu la trich din nhai va vien din nhai. Hai hinh thfle the hien b u t Iflc doi dao, va sfl no Iflc khdng ngimg ciia Ho Anh Thai trong viec lam mdi the loai de hoa vao ddng chay eiia van hge Viet Nam dUdng dai.
2. H i n h t h i i c g i i u n h a i t i e u b i e u t r o n g t i e u t h u y e t c i i a H o A n h T h a i
2.1. Trich din nhai
Tn'ch d i n n h a i dUdc hieu la "viec lip Iai nguyen xi Idi ngddi khac, phin vin ban cUa tac gia khac nhdng trong mgt ngd canh khong tddng thich, gin vdi each dung may moc hoa, "vet hoa" hoic vdi sic thai tu td mdi (qua am sic, tone giong.
dieu bg) nhim mia mai, cddi cat, cham hiem, che gieu cai dddc tn'ch dAn"" Chi
I" I.P.Ilin va E .\ Tzurganova (chu bien) (2002). Cac kbai niem va Ibuit ngO cua cic tnidng phai nghien ciiu VSn boc e Tay Ao vi Hoa Ky thf ky 20, Nxb D | i hoc t)u6c gia Ha NVii- tr. 434.
• Nguyen Van Thuan (2018). Giao trinh ly ihuyit Lien vin ban, N\b Dai hoc Hue. tr.32.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC X A H O I {Qj
vAx DE GlEV NHAI TROSG TIEU THL'^'ET CVA HO .\XH THAI nbOtng tricb dfin "nhai" mdi thudc pham vi
ciia gieu nhai, tiic la nhutng trich dan dupc dat vfio trong ngfl canh ma nghia mdi phat sinh tren cd ^<) ciia nghia cii, thfim chi la da kich lai nbflng suy nghi, nht^g quan diem dfi loi thdi, lac hau, cd kbi la sfl giai thieng tinh cbfi't dfi tflng dfldc xem kien co' ciia nhiing quan diem, suy nghi, thdi quen mfi ngUPi ta da tflng tin tudng. tdn sung.
Kho ngii lieu van hpc dfin gian ma tieu bieu lfi ca dao, thanh ngfl, tuc ngfl, truyen ngy ngdn.... la ddi ti/dng dau tien c^n dfldc chu y trong thao tac trich dan nhai ciia tieu thuyet Ho Anh Thfii. Bdi le day lfi ph^n vfin ban gan gui, than thudc, tham chi gan lien vdi ldi an tieng ndi hang ngay.
Y nghia cua nhflng ngfl lieu van hpc dan gian la da dflpc dinh hinh vfi dudng nbu cd' dinh do qufi quen thupc. Dieu dfic biet lfi tuy g^n gui, than thudc nbung Ho Anh Thai biet cfich che hien nguon nguyen lieu nay thfinh nhflng y nghia mdi bfing each dat vao mdt hoan canh mdi trong mdi quan he ngfl nghia vdi nhflng tfl ngfl xung quanh nd. Vi du nhfl ldi trich dan ca dao kem vdi sfl md ta xuyen tac thdng qua ph6p chiet tu tfl: Gid dUa cinh true la di/Tieng cbudng Tri'n Vd canh ga Tho Xuang. Canh ga Tbg Xuung li cai quy gi.
Chic cii lang Thg XuOng ngiy xUa liing lay vdi die san cda minh la mdn sup ga:
Chicken soup in Tho Xuong village^^K Hay mdt tinh hudng khac, Ho Anh Thfii ciing trich dfin ca dao trong sfl phfin tich dfinh gifi bang each chiet til tfl ngfl va trflc tiep the hien thai dp: Anh di anh nhd que nha, nhd canh rau mudng nhd ci dim tuong.
Xghv tbi dS chia se \i day li ndi nhd gian di sail dam. XhUng nghe cung buon cudi vi ma tudng nhdng thd vien vdng khd dat d xd ngudi. .\7JO thi cd nhd, nhung tai sao
khdng biet tim din nhdng thd cd the' J- - the. khdng thi thay the thi cung H "^-^j^^
cai mdi di tbudng thdc. dihieu nhdng m khic ta, di viu nhdng thd bin ngo:u M...
ra ve- ta tim ao ta. du trong du due ao nha vin han. Ao nha cd li ban W cai sU gan gui. nhung due mi vin ban tbi sin kmh cdn nghieng minh trUdc cac cu^*. Tac gia giai thieng nhflng gi da tflng dfldc xem la Chan li dl tiem cfin vdi cupc sdng dfldng thPi khi dat sfl md rdng t^m nhin de hieu va tran trpng van hda cua dat nfldc ban va van hda cda chinh da't nfldc minh: khU khu bam gia nhdng gi co hdu cda minh, coi cai cua minh la nha't, de dit vi canh giac vdi cii mdi, sg cai mdi, khong sin sing ddn nhin nhdng cii khic Ja'^*. Ca dao cdn cd the xuat hidn trflc tie'p va song song vdi nhiing chi tiet ciia hien thflc cudc sd'ng: Him ring xin ke ring vin den trdng nhu ring cai ma. NhU ring bgn nghiin.
Thoi. Ring den thi mic ring den. Mgt ngay hai bda cam din lay gi mi phi'n rang den hdi ching^^K "Nudc non dau cung li nhi, qui huang dau cung ggi li vdm chai.
Kiu kiu choai choai ru nhau via nha nghi thue phdng ngu trUa, chUa din tudi cd bing lii xe miy thi chia the hgc sinh'^''\
Trich dan ca dao tfl trao ve thdi hfl tat xa'u ciia ngfldi Viet: "An nhanh, di cham, hay cUdi/ Hay mua do co la ngudi Viet Nam",
"Hdi mom, ngoi xom, hdi chin/ Rung ddi
'"' Ho Anh Thai (2019), Ndm la qudc thu. Nxb. Tre, Tp H 6 C h i M m h . t r . 7 7 .
•'> Ho Anh Thai (2019), NSm la quoc thu. Nxb. Tre, Tp H o C h i M i n h . t r . 113.
'^' Ho Anh Thai (2019), NAm la quoc thu, Nxb Tre, Tp HoChf Minh. tr,113.
'^'> Ho Anh Thai (2013), .Muoi le mgt dem, Nxb Tre, Tp H o C h i M i n h , t r . l 9 1 .
f^ Ho Anh Thai (2013), .Muoi le mqt dem, Nxb. Tre, Tp Ho Chf Minh, tr.9
{[Q NHAN LI^C KHOA HOC XA Hdi Sti $-2020
DO THI CAM VAX ddng di't xa gin deu kinh"^'. Thfinh ngfl,
tuc ngfl gan giii trong ldi fin tie'ng ndi hfing ngfiy. Dfiy trd thfinh cong cu de nba vftn thflc hien chflc nfing cua ngdn ngfl trong viec phan anh hien thflc va md rpng kha nang lien tfldng trong nhflng each ndi hfim sue va gifiu hinh anh; "Binh tit td mom vao, tai boa tii mom ra. The mi vin khong biet ngai'^^\ "NhUng roi vai thUa khdng che dugc mit thinh, vai mdng khdng che mit dugc nhin dan'"°*; "Di dim lim cd ngiy gap ma... ma tbi nhieu mi ngUdi thich di dim cdn nhiiu han'^^^K Hfing lo?t eac liet ke gieu nhai tfl ehfi't lieu van hpc dan gian quen thupc tren eho tha'y but Iflc doi dao ciia Ho Anh Thfii trong viec Ifi'y cha't lieu dan gian lam tien de de tfl dd soi chie'u eae bieu hien khac nhau ve van hda, loi sd'ng cua ngfldi Vi$t dfldng dai.
Vfin bpc viet la ddi tfldng quan trpng ciia thao tac tricb dfin. Khi trich dfin, cd khi Ho Anh Thai ndi rd nguon gdc eiia vfin ban, cd khi khdng de cap d6'n nguon gdc vfi cung khdng dfit nd trong dfi'u ngoac k6p nhfim xda nbda ranh gidi ciia lien van ban.
Ph^n tricb dfin dflpe long ghep vfio trong cac eau ke, vfi ngfldi dpc, bang sfl bieu biet ciia minh, se nhan ra ket ndi dd hfldng ve tac pha!m nao. Da so' cac trUdng hpp tricb dfin nay xufi't hien khi cd sfl tfldng quan nfio dd ve hinh anh, ve ndi dung nham muc dich mia mai, cham hiem vao nhieu vfi'n de khac nhau trong xa hpi dfldng dai.
Ho Anh Thai khdng it lan trich dan nguyen vfin nhflng cau thd (khdng dat chung trong da'u ngofic kep). Dd la viec mflpn nguyen vfin nhflng cau thd cua Truyen Kieu: "Trd dinh bun sang ao lap tdc dugc phit giac. Nhdn nhio quay nhip canb mat mdt vii chuc phut. Mua vui cung dugc mdt vai trong caii/i'^'^*. "Phii
s i S-2020
yi'u kbi ngda minh tren giudng thi hai cii nhu hoa ay dung ra phai trin sang bai bin chl cdn li si se ni'm di't bin dudng.
Ding niy hai cii bau silicon ay nd vi\n cdng danh silicon nhgn hoit nhU hai chd V chong ngugc'*^^\ Ho Anh Thfii dfi tao ra nhfliig phep so sanh ng^m vdi hinh anb hay vail de dfldc ndi den trong cac y thd dUdc trich dfin: Bien hfinh ddng fin cfip tranh thfinh hanh ddng mua vui cung dugc mgt vii trdng canh; ddi sanh cfip nhu hoa cua phu nfl khi nfim ngfla la se .-.t' nim di't ben dudng vdi bai cai b^u silicon cflng danh - nhai vao hien tfldng phau thuat tham my bien nay; gpi nbflng "can bd"
mua luan chuyen can bp la "tai tfl giai nhan" dang "dfip diu". Chinh sfl tfldng dong theo ldi an du nfiy lfi nghe thufit de Ho Anh Thai xfl K cha't lieu da cu va cfi'p phfit eho nd nhflng y nghia mdi trong mpt vfin eanh rfi't dfldng dai.
Nhu vay. nha van khi trich dan van gifl nguyen net nghia ban d^u ciia phan trich, gieu nhai dupc dfla tren cd sci sfl tfldng dong (hoac khdng tfldng dong) ma nha van dat vao ngfl eanh mdi, va quan trpng nhfi't la nhflng tfl ngfl xung quanh ph^n trich dfin. Sfl ket hpp nhufin nhuyen cfic ye'u to"
tren day dfi gdp phan mcl rdng dfldng bien cua vfin ban, van ban ed the dung nap
"*' Ho Anh Thai (2019), NSm la quae tbu. Nxb. Tre. Tp Ho Chi Minh, tr.384
'"' Ho Anh Thai (2019), .V.lm la quoc thU. Nxb. Tre. Tp Ho Chi Minh, tr 48.
"*' Ho .Anh Thai (2019). .Va/n la quoc thu. Nxb Tre, Tp Ho Chi Mmh. tr 324
" " Ho Anh Thai (2019). ,Vam la quoc thit, N'xb. Tre. Tp H6 Chi Minh, tr.325
' " ' Ho Anh Thai 12018). Tranh VanGogb mua de dot, Nxb. Tre. Tp Ho Chi Minh. tr.29.
" H o Anh Thai (2niM. Tranh VanGogh mua d4 dot.
Nxb. Tre, Tp H6 Chi Minh, tr.35.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI ^
VAX DE ClEC XHAl TROX(; TIEU THL"i'ET CUA HO .\NH THAI t r o n g m i n h n h i i n g v a n b a n dfi xufi't hien
trudc do. Tuy nbien, dfiy chi la t b u phfip.
Muc dich cudi cung cua p h a n trich dfin nay chinh lfi viec ci'p phit cho nd nhflng y n g h i a mdi t r o n g h o a n c a n h mdi, tfl dd cd t h e di sfiu vfio nhiing v&n de bflc xuc eua xfi hdi hien n a y bfing mdt thfl ngdn ngfl che gieu, cham hiem. mia mai sfic sao.
Ngdn tfl cua bai h a t ludn chfla dflng t r o n g do nhflng t h d n g diep. Nhat lfi ca t u cua nhflng bfii h a t kinh dien vfi bfi't hii.
Ddi vdi viec trich dfin ca tfl cua bfii bfit thi tieu chi q u a n trpng nhfi't vfin lfi sfl phfl hdp cua nd trong bdi canh ke chuyen cua n h a van m a cu t h e la phfl hpp vdi h a n h vi gieu n h a i .
Ho A n b Thfii tricb dfin ldi bfii hfit Lfin da n a u : "Tdi cd nhieu Udc ao (nim am tii't)/Tdi cd nhieu kbit khao (nim am tiet)/Tdi cd nhiiu lo iu (bd'n im tii't)/Lan da nau (ba am tiet)/Tdng cdng: hai muai ba im fief'"'".
Ldi trich dfin di kem h i n b lufin thfim chi lfi cbe lai ldi cua bai hfit: 'lfin da em, lan da nau, nhfl da con trfiu... em ed mpt fldc ao, e m cd mdt lo fiu, lfin da nau""^' de Ifim ed s6 eho ehinb nhfin dinh ciia tac gia ve cfii edng nghe giai t r i ngheo n a n tri t u e d a n g b a n cung hda dfin tri. Qua bfii bfit, Ho A n h Thai md rpng chieu kich cua t a e p h a m n h a m tan cdng vfio bien tfldng a m nhac theo xu hfldng "fin xdi" hien nay. Nd thieu di tinh c h a t a m n h a c can thiet, t h i e u dp lang sau ciia t a m h o n bcfi "Hat hd thi' thi thdi, y thdc thi'thi thoi, can vu thi'thi thdi. Trdng mong gi'^^^\ Ngofii ra, a m n h a c cdn xua't hien trong hofin c a n h ddi l a p n h a m chi r a sU m a u t h u a n t r o n g ldi sd'ng h i n h thflc ciia ngfldi Viet hien n a y : "Trii tim nguc td trii tim nguc tu anh yiu em yeu de'n ngin thu... Ddng nghe nhiing gi
con gai ndi dimg nghe nhdng gi con gs^ "^^
• • „-<; nim ma ddng nghe nhdng gi con gai noi- ^ ngoai bic thi tid lin toan nhdng ban nhac nao ldng Xhac ay li danh cho nhUng ngudi sd'ng di dua dim. Dim ma trong nay rit nhdng khdc nhac vui. De mua vui cho ngudi chit thanh thdn ma ra di? Hay ia nguac lai, nhac buSn cho ngUdi chet. nhac vui cho ngudi sdng-'^; \di bai h a t cd k h i dfldc long t r o n g cau vfin m a n g chflc n a n g ciia mdt cau kd. t r o n g mot cfiu ndi rfi't ddi thfldng: "NSng nin tinh ai roi thi baibai hani dudng em em di dudng anh anh (/;"•""', Nhif vfiy, viee trich d a n trflc tie'p hay gian tie'p cung k h d n g nfim ngoai vao muc dich gieu nhai. Ddi tfldng gieu n h a i cd th^ Ifi chinh bfii h a t , nhflng c u n g cd t h ^ lfi nhflng m a t t r a i c u a cudc sd'ng h i e n dai.
Khi long ngdn ngfl a m n h a c , ngofii viee gidu n h a i nhfl p h a n tich cf t r e n , t h i thii p h a p nfiy mac k h a c l a m cho ldi k § t h e m sinh ddng, m a n g a m bflSng d u dfldng, gay fi'n tfldng va tac dpng de'n c a m xuc cua ngfldi dpc.
2.2. Viin din nhai
Vien dfin n h a i l a t h a o tfie t h e hi$n rd t i n h bie'n dd'i de t a o n e n ke't ndi lien vfin b a n . Bcii "vien din nhai la lap lai ldi cua ngUdi khic, phan vin ban cua cic tie gia khac vdi ddi chdt bii'n doi. NhiSng biin doi do tao nen hinh thdc di dang, net nghia trii ngUdc, do bi hdp meo, xuyin tac ma cd
"•» Ho Anh Thai (2018), Tranh VanGogh mua de dot, Nxb. Tre. Tp Ho Chf Minh, t r . l 4 .
"^' Ho Anh Thai (2018), Tranh VanGogh mua dS dot, Nxb Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh, tr.201.
"6> H6 Anh Thai (2018), Tranh VanGogh mua de dot.
Nxb. Tre, Tp Ho Chi Mmh, t r . l 5 .
" " Ho Anh Thai (2013), Coi ngUdi rung chuong tan the. Nxb. Tre. Tp Ho Chf Minh, tr.61.
"«> H6 Anh Thai (2013), Mum le mpt dem. Nxb. Tre Tp H6 Chi Minh. tr 34.
[ Q NHAN LUC KHOA Hpc XA Hdi sti 5-2020
DO THI CAM VAX bim y khdi hai, cUdi cat, trio long, mia
mai"^^^^. Ciing gid'ng nhfl trich dfin nhai, vien diin nhai cd the sut dung nhieu ngudn cha't lieu khac nbau. Tieu bieu nhfi't vfiji lfi vfin chfldng, lich sd, ehinb tri, triet hoc,...
Cd the thfi'y dfiy lfi manh dfi't kha mfiu md cho nhfi vfin the hien sfl sang tao trong viec biet ddi tfl nhflng vfit lieu dfi cd. Bdi neu nhfl trich dfin lfi lap lai nguyen xi, nd phin nao ban cbe ngdi but ciia nhfi vfin trong v i ^ che tfic thi vien dfin lai la ndi mfi nhfi vfin ed quyen the hien kha nang cua minh trong viec bien ddi chat lieu da cii thfinh san ph^m mang n^t nghia mdi.
Trfldc het la tfl cbfi't lieu dan gian: tieu thuyet dfldng dai kbai thac tdi da gia tri ciia vfin hpe dfin gian, cai bien nd, dat vfio trong ngfl canh mdi, nhfim da pha vfi dfinh thfing vfio nbieu khia eanh khac nhau cua xa hpi dfldng thdi. Vien dan tren cd sd cai bien the hien tri thdng minh, mcl ra cho ngfldi dpc nbieu trfldng lien tfldng khac nhau, tuy quen ma la, tuy la ma quen. Dd la nhflng am hfl6ng vang vpng, mdt chie'c ao mdi cho mpt ndi dung da cu. Dd cd the la y tfl eua mdt cau chuyen ngu ngdn dflpc binh luan trong sfl tfldng quan v6i cudc song va tham chi la Ho Anh Thai cdn dong thdi bie'n the y thd ciia Xufin Dieu: "Mgt thdi ngudi ta trong ao tu nUdc dgng, ich ngoi diy giing tha'y bau trdi chi bing cai vung. Di'n ldc tha cho ra thi ngap. Noi vdi the gidi ben ngoii thi khdng ngoai ngd.
Nhin ngudi bin ngoai thi'y nd cao ban mdt cai diu. Thi' li sci thi' li tU ti. Khdng sa khdng tu ti thi cao ngao vd loi, ta li mgt la rieng li thd nha't, ta ching viic gi phai hgc ai, ta cd ban sic riing van hda cua riing f.T''-'"; khong khd dd bfit gap nhflng each ndi nhai theo thfinh ngfl qua \-iec bien tfi'u lai bfing tfl ngfl ddi lap: "Due tdc l< S-2020
tat dat. Khdng phai nhU cic cu ngay xUa day li bi't dat, mi xuyin tac thinh tat dat. Tham vgng phai diy nhanh mdi thanh cdng. Dting kiiu dugc mii'ng nio phai xao ngay mii'ng ;j;n''-"; "Lim boa cho ngudi ta hii, lam thuang mai cho ngUdi ta chai'^^K Viec vfin dung sfing tao di kem vdi sU tudng minh, md xe ciia ngfldi sfing tac: vi nhfl cau "bo cua chay lay ngifdi" dfldc Ho Anh Thfii viet nhfl sau
"Cdu dugc ngUdi roi mi phai bd chay di cdu lay cii mang minh. Cdu duac bdc tranh cd khi cung phai bd chay. khdng bd cua, nhUng cung phai chay li'y ngUdV^'^'^\
"An mgt qua, tra cue ma ving. NhUng cd mgt ong tong biin tip thi nghi cich tra cue ma vang that ning can"^^*''; vien dfin nhai bfing cfich thay the cae hinb anh/ sfl viec trong tien van ban bang cfic hinh anh/sfl viec mdi cd the tfldng dong hofic khdng tfldng ddng "Vinh Xuin, cam ni'p.
thit gi/ Ca ba thd ay phai li dung tay. A ha, dung tay di'y nhe, khdng chd trgng dung chin dau'^'^^K "Dung la mgt mii'ng gida lang. Di an co gida ling, kdo theo biy din li'y thim mii'ng gan mii'ng tii't"^^". Dfl dfldc bien tfi'u nhfl the nfio, ngdi but eua
(191 Nguyin v a n ThuH'n (2018). Giao trinh l^ thuySt Liin vSn ban. Nxb. Dai hoc Hue, tr.333.
™ Ho Anh Thai (2013), Mudi le mgt dem, Nxh Tre, Tp H6 Chi Minh, t r . l 7 1 .
'^" Ho Anh Thai (2018), Tranh VanGogh mua de dot.
Nxb Tre. Tp H o C h i M i n h . tr.118
'--' Ho Anh Thai (2018). Tranh VanGogh mua di'dot.
Nxb Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh. tr 122.
^' Ho Anh Thai (201M, Tranh VanGogh mua di dot, Nxb Tre, Tp H6 Chi Mmh. tr.49
'=" Ho Anh Thai (2018). Tranh VanGogh mua de dot, Nxb. Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh, tr.52.
' ^ ' Ho Anh Thai (2019), MSm la quae thU, Nxb. Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh. tr.96
•"'• Ho Anh Thai (2019). N6m !a quoc thu. Nxb Tre. Tp H o C h i M i n h , tr.215.
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC X A H A I Q ]
VAX DE GIEU .VHA/TRONG TIEIU THL'^'ET CUA HO AXH THAI Hd Anb Thai hofic trflc tiep, hoac gian tiep
phdi bfiy hien thflc trong tieng eUdi trfio tieu sau sfic.
Thd lfi mpt trong nhflng nguyen lieu khdng thd thieu di nhfi vfin thflc hien hanh vi nhai ma cu the lfi boat ddng che tfic. Thp di vfio trong vfin xudi bet sflc tfl nhien. nhe nhfing bfing cfich vien dfin mot cfich sang tao tbdng qua viec them vao nhflng hinh anh, nhflng hanh vi mdi, chi tiet mdi, ed khi pha vd ke't ca'u ciia cfiu thd ban d^u: "Biy gid thi khic. Lai rim rip til td giai nhin vin dgng xin xd ldp bi. Lai tudng ddng ong budm di vi' ra hiiu danh tie'ng'^'" 'Al chii'n thing thi nhin dan cung bai'''"
Ddi tflpng vien dfin nhai chiem vi tri quan trpng tiep theo ehinh la viec bien tau ca tfl cua cac bai hat thudc bat cfl the loai am nhac nfio phuc vu cho viec gieu nhai.
Tfic gia cd the bien ddi mpt vfii tfl ed khi lfi ca y tfl. dfla vao trong vfin eanh, khdng dat trong da'u ngoac k6p. Hd Anb Thai trong tidu thuyet cua minh cung khai thfic tdi da cdng cu am nhac bang viec bie'n ddi hoac sang tao. Dflng nhiing ki hieu ciia thdi thupng: ".4J cdng hieu chi vii ngUdi chua hiiu. dong chi ay tudng xa la hda ra cung thugc diin 5C'^^': hay chdn them ldi binh "Di. Di li chi't d trong ldng mgt it.
Vin di. Ngoi tit mgt chd chit nhiSu iidn •'•"". hay bien tfi'u thay the ngdn tfl
"Chi cdn anh vi em cdng qui ngon d lai'^'^^\ Tieng cfldi hai bfldc dfldc thflc hien bfing ngdn ngfl tuy giau nhac dieu, ed ve nhe nhfing du dfldng nhflng lai vd cflng thfim thuy. sau sfic.
Xha van cdn tien hanb vien dfin nhai tfl nguyen lieu quan di§m, tfl tfldng cua eac triet gia ndi tie'ng. Day lfi ldi cua mdt thay giao day kinb te quoc te: "Linin ndi Bd
Xgoai giao la Bd Cdng .-an. Tdi xin tiep ngUdi ngoai giao la quy tgc cdng >•
ldi:
Mgt va ndng din
. hen niy ting ldp quy tdc do cong nhan
sinh ra...", "Em xin hdi. thda thiy ngoai giao li quv tgc cdng san. viy chic a phia bin kia. cdng nhan la cdng dmh cua tu ban-: -rhua thiy em cbi dang ap dung phip tam doan luan cda thay: cong nhan san sinh ra quy tgc cdng san, cong nhan lai li cdng dinh cua tU ban, viy phep tam doan luin se din ta din...''". Tfl nguyen lieu cua khoa bpc vat ly. tfl dinh luat bao toan nang lfldng nhfi vfin phat bieu thfinh dinh lufit bao tofin chinh tri nhfl sau: "Nbdng ngUdi tiing tham gia vao chinh tri kho bao gid thdi lam chinh tri.
Hg chi chuyen td hinh thdc nay sang hinh thdc khic, cho dd dd la lim vin nghe, khoa hgc hay kinh doanh'^^^K Vay lfi nbflng vfi'n de nhay cam thupc ve chinh tri dfldc phanh phui bet sfle tinh t6' qua nang Iflc gi§u nhai cua Ho Anh Thai.
3. Ket luan
Neu mdt qud'c gia c^n phai cd cfldng vfle lanh thd rd rang va xac dinh chii quyen bien gidi thi van chfldng khdng phai la ndi cd the cfim mdc cd' dinh cung nhfl xac dinh va gidi ban pham vi phan anh ciia nd.
Gidu nhai la phfldng thflc quan trpng
"^•^ Ho Anh Thai (2019), NSm la quoc thu, Nxb. Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh, tr.236
''*" Ho Anh Thai (2019), NSm la quoc thit. Nxb. Tre, Tp H 6 C h i M i n h , t r . l 3 2 .
'^8' Ho Anh Thai (2019), NSm 14 quSc tbu, Nxb. Tre, Tp H o C h i M i n h , tr.329.
'*" Ho Anb Thai (2013), Mudi le mgt dim, Nxb. Tre, T p H 6 C h i M i n h , t r . l 5 9 .
'3" Ho Anh Thai (2013), Mudi le mot d&m, Nxb. Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh, tr.200.
" " H6 Anh ThM (2019), N&m la qudi: thu, Nxb. Tre, Tp H 6 C h i M i n h , t r , 1 6 1 .
'^' Ho Anh Thai (2013). Coi ngua, rung chudng t&n tbi', Nxb Tre. Tp Ho Chi Minh. tr.151.
g g NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA H 6 I Sti 5-2020
DO THI CAM \-.\X trong tien trinh lien vfin ban va md ra
pham vi vd ban mfi nd ke't noi. Phfldng thflc gieu nhai dflpc thflc hien cbii yeu bang mdt so' cfich thflc cd ban nhfl: trich dfin, vien dfin, gieu nhai,... Mdi each thflc deu dfldc Ho Anh Thai thfle hien bfing nhQng ki thuat khac nhau nham xfl li tien van ban, cd khi nhflng trich din dat den mflc tfl dpng, xua't phat tfl vd thflc thfim chi khdng mang ba't cfl mdt dfi'u hieu nfio de nhan dien sfl trich din, vien dan. Tfl day. van ban tfl ddng ke't ndi, md rpng va lfi be dd vflng chfic de nha van gieu nhai vao nhflng vfi'n de mang tinh
"nhay cam" cua ca qufi khfl va bien tai cua dfi't nfldc Viet Nam vfi sfin sang giai thieng lai nhflng van de da dupc xem la mau mflc, la thieng lieng. Ngdn ngfl gieu nhai gid day ehfla dflng cam quan nghe thufit trfldc thd' gidi va eon ngfldi bang sfl hoai nghi vfi giai thieng. Thay eho thai dp bi quan trfldc nbieu ddi thay cua xa hpi thi ngfldi ta cdng kich bang sfl gieu nhai mpi bieu hien cd tinh van de ciia cupc sd'ng xung quanh. Nhflng bi kich, nhflng hoai nghi, tran trd,... cdn la bieu hidn cho sfl hoang mang, tfl truy va'n chinh minh - tflc tfl gidu nhai.
Ddi tfldng lfla chpn tien vfin ban thupc linh vflc nfio trong ddi sd'ng xfi hdi phu thudc vfio viee nhfi van nhin thay tinh va'n de trong nd tfl dd cd sfl ndi ke't trong mdi quan he tfldng ddng bay tfldng phan. Tie'ng cifdi. sfl bfii bfldc, sfl cham hiem deu xua't phat tfl mdi quan he nay. Ddng thdi, viec nhin tha'y mpi tinh vfi'n de ciia tien vfin ban phan nao the hien kha nfing tfl duy, sfl tinh te.
nhay cam eiia nha van trfldc cudc sdng.
Tuy nhien, muc dich giiu nhai cd dat dflpc hay khdng, kha nang trien ban ciia
van ban khdng chi phu thudc vao tfii nang ciia ngfldi viet mfi phu thudc rfi't ldn vfio nang Ifle ciia dpc gia. Vdi nhflng thong tin dupe nha van sfip xep. ngfldi dpc phai biet cfich vfi tim cfich giai mfi an chfla ben trong ldp vd ngdn tfl dd.
Bien dp cua cudn sach dflpc md ra tdi dau cdn phu thudc vfio vd'n kien thflc mfi ddc gia cd dflde.
Trong thdi dai cdng nghe, ngfldi ta ed nhieu kenh khac nhau de tra cflu thdng tin vfi tim hieu tri thflc. Tieu thuyet ngfiy nay cd the dam nhan rat td't ehflc nang dd nhd tinh ket ndi lien van ban.
Nhflng tac pham chfla dflng trong minh nhieu ma, nhieu ngudn, nhieu ket ndi, nhieu mang Ifldi, nbieu linh vflc... se la kenh thdng tin hflu ich de thfl thach tri nao vfi tfl duy cua dpc gia tfl dd mang ngudi dpc den mdt the gidi nfing ddng, phat trien khdng ngflng. Tfic ph^m vfin chfldng ludn md rdng vfi chd ddn sfl ket ndi mdi me tfl phia ddc gia qua tflng giai doan khfic nbau vfi thfim chi lfi sfl ket ndi trong tUdng lai.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Nguyin Minh Qufin (2012), Liin vin ban - Su trien ban de'n vd cdng cua tic phim van hgc, http://phebinhvanhoc. com.vn.
2. Hd Anh Thfii (2013), Mudi le mdt dim, Nxb. Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh.
3. Ho Anh Thai (2013), Cdi ngudi rung cbudng tin thi', Nxb. Tre, Tp Hd Chi Minh.
4. Hd Anh Thfii (2018), Tranh VanGogh mua di'dd't, Nxb. Tre, Tp Ho Chi Minh.
5. Hd Anh Thai (2019), Nim la qudc thu, Nxb. Tre. Tp Hd Chi Minh.
6. Nguyen Van Thufi'n (2018), Giio tnnh ly thuyet Lien van ban, Nxb. Dai hpe Hue.
Sti 5-2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Htil | g