DIEN DAN GlAO DUC
VAN DUNG TINH THAN NGHI QUYET HAI HUI XI
• • • • •
vao nghien cili giang day
tai Hoc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chfnli l<hu vifc III
PGS, TS NGUYIN H 6 N G SON*
D
ai hdi lan thif XI eua Dang ta la dai hdi "tid'p tue ndng cao nang lire ldnh dao va sue chien dd'u eiia Dang, phat huy sue manh toan dan tdc, dd'y manh toan dien cdng cude dd'i mdi, tao nin tang dl din nam 2020 nude ta caban trd thanh nudc edng nghiep theo hudng hien dai". Cd the ndi Dai hdi lan thif XI eua Dang la dai hdi hdi tu dugc tri tue eua toan dang, toan qudn, toan ddn, danh dd'u sir bo sung va phat trie'n ly ludn each mang Viet Nam d tim eao mdi, nd tieu bilu eho su van dung sang tao va phat trie'n chu nghia Mae - Lenin, tu tudng Ho Chi Minh phii hgp vdi thue tidn eua deh mang Viet Nam. Vi vdy, vide van dung tinh than Nghi quyd't Dai hdi XI vao nghien eifu giang day tai Hpe vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh Qud'c gia Ho Chi Minh va d e hpe vien true thude la nhiem vu d p bach trong giai doan hien nay. Theo chiing tdi, d n tap trung vao cae ndi dung ehu yeu sau ddy:Mot Id, gidng day, nghiin ciiu phdi ldm sdng to tinh khoa hoc, tinh cdch mqng, phuang phdp ludn cua chu nghia Mdc - Linin duqc van dung vd phdt triin trong cdc vdn kiin Dqi hoi ldn thiiXI
Dai hdi lan thif XI eua Dang da thim nhuan quan die'm sdu sac cua V.I. Lenin: "Ban chd't va hnh bin sd'ng eua ehu nghia Mae la phai bie't phdn ti'ch eu the
* Hgc vien Chfnh trj - Hinh chfnh khu vuc III
mdt tinh hinh eu the'", thirc tiln la ca sd, ddng lire cua nhdn thue va la tieu chud'n de kilm tra chdn ly. Dai hdi XI da td'ng ke't hon 80 nam lanh dao deh mang Viet Nam, trong dd ed 25 nam dd'i mdi, nhdn thifc, phan tieh danh gia tinh hinh the gidi va tu thuc tiln duong dai de nhin nhdn lai ehu nghia tu ban, chu nghia xa hdi, phong trao cdng san va cdng nhdn quic tl, xac dinh mdu thudn cua thbi dai, du bao xu hudng phat trien eua thbi dai, xac dinh: "dac die'm nd'i bat trong giai doan hien nay eua thbi dai la cac nudc vdi che dp xa hdi va trinh dp phat triin khae nhau cung ton tai, vua hgp tac vira dd'u tranh, canh tranh gay gdt vi lgi fch qud'c gia ddn tpe. Cude dd'u tranh cua nhdn ddn eae nude vi hda binh, ddc lap ddn tdc, dan chu, phat trien va tie'n bd xa hdi du gap nhiiu khd khdn, thach thifc nhung se cd nhirng budc tie'n mdi.
Theo quy ludt tiln hda eua lich su, loai ngubi nhit dinh se tiln tdi ehu nghia xd hdi"^ Dang ta khong chi phdn tieh danh gia tinh hinh the gidi ma con td'ng kit thue tiin qua 25 nam dd'i mdi, tong kit thuc tiin 10 ndm thuc hien Cuong linh xdy dung dd't nuoc trong thbi ky qua dp len chu nghia xd hdi (Cuong Hnh 1991) da khang dinh, bo sung va phat triin nhiiu nguyen ly eua ehu nghia Mac - Lenin. Cu thlo d c nguyen ly sau day:
1. Ding Cdng sin ViitNam: Van kiin Dal hdi dai biiu toin quic lin thd XI, Nxb CTQG, H, 2011, tr 69.
80
DIEN DAN GIAO DUC - Sir nghiep each mang la cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn
dan vavi nhdn dan^
- Xa hpi chu nghia ma nhdn ddn ta xdy dung la mdt xa hdi "cd mpt nin kinh tiphat triin eao dua tren lire lugng san xud't hidn dai va quan hd san xud't tiln bd phu hgp...; cd nha nudc phap quyin xd hdi chu nghia d a nhan ddn, do nhdn ddn, vi nhdn ddn do Dang Cpng san ldnh dao; cd quan he hifu nghi va hgp tae vdi d e nude tren thi gidi"^.
- Xdy dung ehu nghia xd hdi tir mdt nudc phat trie'n trung binh "nhd't thie't phai trai qua mdt thbi ky qua dp Idu dai vdi nhiiu budc phat triin nhiiu hinh thifc to chlfc kinh te', xd hdi dan xen"*. "Ddy la mdt qua trinh deh mang sdu sac, tridt de, dd'u tranh phue tap giua cai eii va d i mdi nhdm tao ra su biin dd'i vl chit tien tit d eae linh vue eua dbi sd'ng xd hdi"^
- "Diy manh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dit nudc"^
- "Xdy dung nen ddn chu xd hdi chu nghia"^
"Phai nam viing va giai quylt td't 8 md'i quan he ldn trong dd d n nhdn manh nhiing nguydn ly eua ehu nghia Mae - Lenin nhu md'i quan he giira dd'i mdi kinh te va dd'i mdi ehi'nh tri;... giira phat trid'n lire lupng san xud't va xdy dung, hoan thidn timg budc quan hd san xud't xa hdi chu nghia;... giiia xay dung ehu nghia xd hdi va bao ve Tl qud'c xa hdi ehu nghia"^.
Nhiing nguyen ly neu trdn eua ehu nghia Mac - Lenin dugc Dang ta vdn dung mdt each diing ddn, sang tao va cd thi xem nd la nhirng gia tri viing ben mang tinh dinh hudng hit sue co ban trong thbi ky qua dp len ehu nghia xd hdi.
Hai Id, nghiin ciiugidng day phdi ldm sdng td nhiing gid tri mang Unh vdng bin cda tutuong Ho ChiMinh.
Tir "Cuong linh xdy dung dd't nude trong thbi ky qua dp ldn ehii nghia xa hfii (bo sung phat trie'n nam 2011)", Chie'n luge Phat trie'n kinh te - xd hdi 2011 - 2020 din Bao do Chinh tri cua Ban Chip hanh Trang uong Dang khda X tai Dai hdi Dai bie'u toan qud'c lln thif XI cua Dang, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh duge dl cap mpt deh toan didn va trang trpng. Cd the ndi tu tuong Hi Chf Minh nhu mpt spi ehi dd xuyen sud't ehilu sdu tu duy cua Dang ta. Trong eae vdn kien Dai hdi Dai bilu toan qude eua Dang lln thif XI da khang dinh nhiing gia tri mang ti'nh bin viing cua tu tudng Hi Chi Minh tren d c quan die'm sau ddy:
- "Ndm viing ngpn cb dde lap ddn tdc va chu nghia xahdi"9.
- "Xd hdi xa hdi chu nghia ma nhan ddn ta xay dung la mdt xd hdi: ddn gidu, nudc mqnh, ddn chu, cdng bdng, vdn minh; do nhdn ddn lao ddng ldm chu;...
cd eude sd'ng Im no, tu do, hanh phiic...; d c ddn tpc trong cdng dong Viet Nam binh dang, doan kit, tdn trpng va giiip nhau eiing phat triin... "^^.
- "Xdy dung nin kinh t l dde ldp, tu chu, md rdng quan hd dd'i ngoai "Vdi tinh thin" Viet Nam la ban
7 . A I 7 .. y t i l l
cua tat ea cac nuoc '•\
- Xdy dung nin van hda Viet Nam ddn tdc - khoa hpc - dai chung, xem "con ngubi la trang tdm d a chie'n luge phat trid'n, dong thbi la ehu the phat trie'n, tdn trpng va bao vd quyin con ngubi, gdn quyin con ngubi vdi quyen va lpi fch eua ddn tdc... Xdy dung gia dinh no d'm, tie'n bd hanh phiie... "^^.
- "Day manh xdy dimgxd hdi hpc tap, tao cahpi va diiu kien cho mpi edng ddn dugc hpe tap sud't dbi"^^.
- Quan tdm dao tao, bii dudng the hd tre k l tue xiing dang sir nghiep deh mang d a Dang va dan tdc^*.
- "Thuc hien chi'nh sach binh dang, doan kit, tdn trpng va giiip dd nhau giiia eae ddn tdc... Giu gin va phat huy ban sac vdn hda, ngdn ngii, trayin thd'ng td't dep eua d e ddn tdc" ^^.. "Tdn trpng va bao dam quyin tu do tin ngudng, tdn giao va khdng tin ngudng, tdn giao eua nhdn dan"^^.
"Muc tieu, nhiem vu cua qud'c phbng an ninh la bao ve vung chdc ddc lap, ehu quyin, thing nhd't, toan ven ldnh tho cua To qud'c, bao ve Dang, Nha nudc, nhdn ddn va ehi dp xd hdi ehu nghia" ^'^... Tang cubng sir ldnh dao tuydt dd'i, true tilp ve mpi mat d a Dang...
dd'i vdi qudn dpi nhdn ddn, edng an nhdn ddn..."^^
- 'Thuc hien nhd't quan dubng Id'i dd'i ngoai ddc ldp, tu ehu, hba binh, hgp tac va phat trie'n... Viet Nam la ban, dd'i tae tin edy va thanh vien ed trach nhiem trong edng dong qud'c tl"^^
- "Dang Cpng san Viet Nam la dpi tidn phong cua giai d p edng nhdn lao ddng va cua ddn tdc Vidt Nam.
Dai bieu trang thanh lpi ich cua giai d p edng nhdn, nhdn ddn lao ddng va cua ddn tdc"^" "Dang Cdng san Viet Nam la dang d m quyin ldnh dao nha nudc va xd hdi"^^ "Dang gan bd mat thilt vdi nhdn ddn, tdn trpng
2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7. Sdd, tr 65, 70, 72.
8, 9, 10. Sdd, tr 73, 65, 70.
11.Sdd,tr63.
12, 13, 14, 15. 16. 17. Sdd, tr 76, 77, 80. 81, 83.
18. 19.20.21. Sdd. tr 83. 68. 89.
81
DrilNDANGlAODUC
va phat huy quyin lam ehu cua nhdn dan, dua vao trao hba binh va deh mang t h i gidi... Che dp xa hfii ddn de xdy dung Dang... "^^. "Giii viing trayin thing ehu nghla d Lien Xd va Ddng Au sup do la ton that Ion doan kit thd'ng nha't trong Dang, tang cubng ddn ehu dd'i vdi phong trao deh mang t h i gidi, nhung mpt so va ky luat trong boat dpng d a Dang. Thubng xuyen tu nudc theo con dubng xd hdi ehu nghia, trong dd ed Viet phe binh va phe binh dd'u tranh chd'ng chu nghia d Nam vdn khang dinh muc tidu, ly tudng, tiln hanh cai nhdn, ehu nghia co hdi, td quan heu tham nhung, lang each, dd'i mdi gianh duge nhiing thanh tuu to ldn tiep phi va mpi hanh ddng chia re, be phai"^^. tue phat triln"^^-
Lam sang to ea sd ly ludn va thue tiin chifa gia tri "Hien tai chu nghia tu ban con tilm nang phat bin viing eua tu tudng Hi Chf Minh dugc neu trong triin, nhung vl ban chit vdn la mdt chi dd dp biic bdc Van kien Dai hdi lan thir XI nhu da ndu tren la nhiem lot va bit cdng. Nhiing mdu thudn ca ban vd'n co cua vu quan trpng eua eae nha giao, d e nha khoa hpe, d n chu nghia, nha't la mdu thudn giiia tfnh chat xa hpi bp nghien cuu ndi chung va nhd't la d Hpe vien Chinh hda ngay cang eao eua lire lugng san xud't vdi ehe dfi tri - Hanh ehfnh Qud'c gia Ho Chi Minh - trung tdm ehilm hifu tu nhdn tu ban chu nghia ehdng nhiing qud'c gia ve dao tao, bii dudng can bd, trang tdm qud'c khdng giai quylt dugc ma ngay cang trd nen sdu sac.
gia vl nghidn cuu ehu nghla Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Ho Khung hoang kinh t l ehi'nh tri, xd hdi vln tiep tuc xay Chf Minh, khoa hpc chinh tri, khoa hpc hanh ehi'nh va ra. Chfnh sir vdn ddng cua nhiing mdu thudn ndi tai khoa hpc xd hdi va nhdn van. dd va cudc da'u tranh cua nhan dan lao dpng se quylt
Ba Id, van dung tinh thdn Dqi hdiXI vdo gidng day, dinh van menh cua chu nghia tu ban"^^. Dd'i vdi ban nghi&n ciiu phdi chu trong nhiing diim mdi, nhung khia thdn minh. Dang ta eiing nhin nhdn: "Trong ldnh dao, cqnh mdi md Ddng ta nhdn thlec van dung sdng tqo vd Dang cd liic pham sai lam, khuye't die'm, cd nhiing sai phdt triin phd hap vdi thuc tien cua cdch mqng Viit lam, khuylt die'm nghiem trpng do giao diiu, chu quan Nam duy y ehi va vi pham quy ludt khach quan. Dang da
Dang ta trung thanh vdi chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu nghiem tiie tu phe binh, sua chiia khuylt diim, tu doi tudng Hi Chi Minh va van dung sang tao hpc thuyet mdi, ehinh dd'n de tid'p tue dua sir nghiep deh mang ly, tu tudng ly vao diiu kien eu thi ciia each mang tiln len"^''.
Viet Nam, tir each mang ddn tpc ddn ehu den each Nhiing quan die'm mdi, tu tudng mdi trong qua mang xd hdi chu nghia, hoan thanh ve vang sir nghiep trinh nhdn thifc va van dung sang tao ehu nghia Mac giai phdng ddn tdc thd'ng nhd't dd't nude, bao vd To -Lenin, tutuong Hi Chi Minh eua Dang tati"ong Van qud'c, lam trbn nghla vu qud'c te', dd va dang gianh kien Dai hdi XI d n nhan manh trong nghien eiiu giang thdng lpi edng cudc dd'i mdi, tiln hanh cdng nghiep day nhu sau:
hda, hien dai hda va hdi nhdp qud'c t l da dua nudc ta - Vl md hinh xd hdi - xd hdi ehu nghia ma chiing ta
"tir mdt xif thudc dia nua phong kiln da trd thanh mdt xdy dung. Dang ta bo sung phat triin d d c khia canh:
qud'c gia dde lap, tu do, phat triin theo eon dubng xa edng bdng, van minh; cd nin vdn hda tien tid'n dam hdi ehu nghla; nhdn ddn ta tuthdn phdn nd le dd trd da ban sac ddn tdc; eon ngubi cd cudc sd'ng Im no, thanh ngubi lam ehu dd't nudc, lam ehu xa hpi; dd't hanh phiie, ed diiu kien phat triin toan didn; d c dSn nude ta da ra khdi tinh trang nude ngheo, kem phat tdc trong cpng dong Viet Nam binh dang, doan kit, tiiln dang day manh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ed tdn trpng va giiip nhau cung phat trien; cd nha nudc quan hd rpng rai, ed vi the ngay cang quan trpng ti-ong phap quyin xa hpi chu nghla cua nhdn ddn, do nhSn khu vue va tren the gidi"^* ddn, vi nhdn ddn do Dang Cdng san lanh dao; cd quan
^ Vdi t h i gidi quan va phuong phap ludn khoa hpc, he hifu nghi va hpp tac vdi d e nudc tren thlgidi"^.
Dang ta da nhin thang vao sir that, danh gia diing sir - "Day manh cdng nghiep hda, hidn dai hda dit thdt, cd each nhin mdi vl chu nghia tuban, chu nghia
- u - -•^u' i U - n ' T^ i - A - v T * - 1 7 . :<rr, 22. Sdd. tr 83.88,89.
xa hpi, ve ban than Dang. Dai hpi XI da chi rd: ^ o n g 23. Sdd, tr 89,96.
qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien. Lien Xd va d c 24. Sdd, tr 64.
nude xd hdi chu nghia khac dd dat duoc nhiing thanh ^f' ^t^;}^: ®^' ^®-
, 4. 1' -f u"f -i. i.^ iv I_A'I , , 26,27. Sdd, tr 68-69,64.
tuu to Ion ve nhieu mat, tung la eho dua eho phong 23,29,30,31. sdd, tr 70,72,73.
82
DIII^DANGIAODUC nudc gan vdi phat triin kinh t l tri thiie bao ve tai
nguyen, mdi tnrong"^^
- "Phat trie'n kinh t l thi trubng dinh hudng xd hdi chunghia"^"-
"Nam vihig va giai quye't d e md'i quan he ldn:
quan hd giiia dd'i mdi, d'n dinh va phat triin... giua kinh tIthi trubng va dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghia...
giua tdng trudng kinh tlva phat triin vdn hda, thue hien tiln bd va edng bang xd hdi... giiia ddc lap, tuehu va hpi nhap qud'c tl; giiia Dang ldnh dao, Nha nudc quan ly, nhdn ddn lam chu... "^^
"Phat triin kinh tIthi trubng dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghia vdi nhieu hinh thue sd hifu, nhiiu thanh phdn kinh tl, hinh thifc to chuc kinh doanh va hinh thifc phdn phd'i. Cac thanh phan kinh t l boat ddng theo phap ludt diu la bd phdn hpp thanh quan trpng d a nin kinh tl, binh dang trudc phap ludt, d n g phat triin lau dai, hgp tac va canh tranh lanh manh...
kinh t l tunhdn la mdt trong nhirng ddng luc eua nin kinhtl"32.
"Con ngubi la trang tdm d a chie'n luge phat trie'n, ding thbi la chu thi phat triin... chdm lo xdy dung con ngubi Vidt Nam giau Ibng ydu nude, cd y thue lam chu, trach nhiem edng dan ed tri thifc, sue khde, lao ddng gidi; sd'ng cd van hda nghia tinh; cd tinh than qud'c tiehdn chinh"^^.
- Giao due dao tao cd sif menh ndng eao ddn tri, phat triin nguIn nhdn lire, bii dudng nhdn tai, gdp phin quan trpng phat trie'n dd't nude, xdy dung nin vdn hda va eon ngubi Viet Nam... "Khoa hpc va edng nghd giir vai trb then chd't trong viec phat trie'n lire lugng san xud't hidn dai, bao vd tai nguyen va mdi trubng, ndng eao ndng sud't chit lugng hidu qua, td'c dd phat trie'n va sir earh <-ranh eua nin kinh te... Bao v§ mdi trubng la trach nhidm eua d he thd'ng chinh tri, cua toan xd hdi va nghia vu cua mpi cdng dan"^*
- "Xdy dung mdt cdng dong xd hdi van minh, trong dd d c giai d p , d e ting ldp ddn eu doan kit, binh dang vl nghia vu va quyin Igi"^^
- "Phat trie'n hai hba, ben virng giua cac viing, xdy dung dd thi va ndng thdn mdi" "Phat trie'n toan dien cae linh vuc vdn hda, xd hdi hai hda vdi phat trie'n kinhte'"36/
"Phat trie'n nhanh gdn hin vdi phat trie'n bin vimg, phat triin ben viing la ydu d u xuyen sud't trong ehiln luoc"^''
"Phat huy manh me sue manh td'ng hgp toan ddn tdc, cua ca he thd'ng chinh tri, thue hien td't muc tieu, nhiem vu qud'c phdng, an ninh la bao ve vifng chdc dde lap, ehu quyen, thd'ng nhd't, toan ven lanh tho; giif virng d'n dinh ehinh tri, trdt tu, an toan ehi dp xa hdi chu nghia; giif viing on dinh chinh tri, trdt tu, an toan xd hpi, chu ddng ngdn chdn, lam thd't bai mpi dm muu, boat dpng chd'ng pha eua eae thi lire thii dich va san sang iing phd vdi cae nude de dpa an ninh phi trayin thd'ng mang tinh toan du... Tie'p tue mdrdng quan he hgp tae qud'c te trong linh vue qud'c phdng an ninh... Xdy dung qudn dpi nhdn ddn va edng an nhdn ddn each mang, chinh quy, tinh nhud va timg budc hiendai"^^.
- "Gan kit chat che va dong bp hon d e nhidm vu phat trien kinh t l la trang tdm, xay dung Dang la then chd't va phat trie'n vdn hda - nin tang tinh than euaxdhdi"^^.
Nhiing kit qua ve nhdn thiic va van dung sang tao chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tutuong Ho Chi Minh nhudd neu tren eua Dang ta la d mdt qua trinh tim tbi sang tao qua cac ky dai hdi, tir nhdn thiie ehua ddy dii din diy du, tir chua hoan thien de'n hoan thien. Nhiing kit qua ay deu dua tren ea sd td'ng ke't thuc tiin va ldy thuc tiin dl kilm tra tinh diing ddn eua ly ludn, vi vdy, vide giang day, nghien cuu dua nhiing quan diim, tutuong trong Cuong linh Chinh tri, Chie'n luge Phat trid'n kinh te', Bao cao Chi'nh tri eua Dai hdi XI phai gdp phin lam sang td ti'nh khoa hpe, tfnh each mang, tfnh thuc tiin ciia nd, phai lam rd sir bo sung, phat trie'n qua d e dai hdi toan qud'c cua Dang. Va theo phep bien chiing mac xft, nhiing kit qua vl mat ly ludn cua Dang ta khdng phai la "nhd't thanh bd't bie'n"
ma ludn ludn duge bo sung, phat trie'n tir thue tiin cupc song bie'n dd'i. Nhung dii eho thuc tiin phong phii, da dang thi "trong bit ky diiu kien va tinh hudng nao, phai kien tri thuc hidn dubng loi va muc tieu dd'i mdi.
Men dinh va vdn dung sang tao, phat trie'n chu nghla Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hi Chi Minh, kien dinh muc tieu dpc lap ddn tdc va chu nghia xd hdi"*° Cd thi
"ling van bie'n'' nhung phai phue timg "di bd't bie'n"
29, 30, 31. Sdd, tr 70. 72. 73.
32, 33. Sdd, tr 73-74, 76-77.
34, 35, 36, 37. Sdd. tr 78. 80, 119-124, 98.
38, 39. Sdd tr. 233-234,255.
40. Sdd, tr 315.
83