Nghien cuu An Bf vd Chdu A. Sd 7 - 2017
SV VAN DUNG Tir TlTdNG PH^T TAI TAM CUA THIEN HQC Dcn
TRAN TRONG QUAN LY XA HOI BU'ONGTHdl
B^ngAnh Tuyet
Khoa Triit hgc - Hgc vifn Chinh trj khu vytc I
Ngaynhgnbai: 14/06/2017. ngdy phdn bien- 20/06/2017. ngdy duyfl ddng: 12/07/2017
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hien hgc ddi Trdn ductc sdng lap bdi cdc dng vua vd tdng lap quy tgc Trdn, hdng ngU nhirng nhd ldnh dgo ndy da sir dung tu tudng Thiin ldm kim chi nam cho tu tudng vd hdnh dgng trong sudt qud trinh qudn ly xa hgi Ngi dung ca bdn ciia thiin hgc ddi Trdn dugrc the hien tap trung trong tu tudng Phdt tgi Tdm. Nhd vgn d{ing tu tudng ngy, cdc dng vua triiu Trdn dd thdng nhdt dugrc cdc ngudn lifc vgt chdt, thdng nhdt cde ludng tu tudng, thdng nhdt dugc nhdn tdm ciia todn xa hoi di thuc hiin miic tiiu bdo vi\ucmg trieu Trdn, bdo v# nen dgc lap ddn tdc, bdo vi todn xd hdi Td khda: Thiin hgc ddi Trdn, quan 1^ xa hgi, Phat tgi tam.
1. Tir tirdng Phat tai tam cua thien hoc ddi Tran
Cuoi trilu Ly, nhd Lf suy vong ddt nude roi vao tinh hgng hon logn. Tang ldp quy tdc, quan lgi hanh gidnh dia vi, quyin Igi tan sdt ldn nhau; trilu ^nh khdng chu hgng din phdt triin kinh tl; qudn Iy xd hfi bdng cdch dung uy lyc hdn dp nhdn ddn, ngudi ddn roi vdo tinh hang ban cdng, ddi khd din den cdc phong hao ndi ddy chong lgi trilu dmh xdy ra d khdp noi, nan cudp boc hodnh hdnh. Trong bdi cdnh do nhd Trdn ddn thdu tdm quyen lyc va gidnh ldy
tuyethvctkv 1 @gmail.com
quyen thdng tri xa hfi.
Nhd Trdn I6n ngdi hSn nin tdng fiuy yeu cua xa hgi doi Ly, vi vgy de hung khdi lai ddt nude, xdc Idp vd gid vQng quyin lire nhd Tran, trieu Tran can phdi cd budc chuyin manh mg hong cdc vdn dl qudn \f vl kinh te, chinh trj, xa hgi... nhdm khdi phyc, dn djnh vd phdt triin ddt nude. De lam dugc dilu dd, nhd Trdn da sd dung Phgt giao ldm nin tdng tu tudng dl dua ra cdc quylt sdeh trong qudn l^ xd hfi, ddp ung nhu cdu thdng nhdt dat nude, dodn ket todn dan, bdo vf nin dgc Igp ddn tgc, xdy dyng nin dao ddc xd hgi, 6n dinh long
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Dgng Anh Tuylt. Sic dung tu tudng Phdt lgi tdm...
ngudi. Cdc nha thien hgc ddi Trdn nhu Tran Thdi Tong, Tuf Trung tiiugng sT, Tran Nhdn Tdng da sang Igp ra tiiiln phai Trdc Lam Yen Td, xdy dyng hf thdng tu tudng thiin hgc qua cdc tdc phdm thien. Vdi cuong vi la nhdng ngudi dung ddu dat nude, trong hodn canh nhd Tran phai hdi qua cufc ehiln tranh xdm luge cda qudn Nguyen Mdng, cac dng da vdn dyng tu tudng thien cda minh vdo vifc giai quylt cac van de xa hgi.
Mgt trong nhung tu tudng co ban cd gid tri trong thien hgc ddi Trdn, cd ddng gdp ddi vdi cac van de qudn ly xd hgi Id tu tudng "Phdt tai tam". Tu tudng Phgt tgi tdm dugc md dau bdng cdu ndi cda QuIc su True Lam khuydn Tran Thdi Tdng khi vua ldnh ISn ndi Yen Td dl cdu Ph$t: "Trong ndi vdn khdng cd Phat. Phdt d hong tdm ta"'. Thien su True Ldm vdi vai trd Id ngudi ed van cho trilu Tran da cd ldi khuyen huu ich d6i vdi Tran Thai Tdng khi dng quylt chi rdi bd ngai vdng tim den dgo Ph$t. Theo Phat khdng cd nghia phai ldnh ddi, thodt tyc, con ngudi cd thi song cuf c song hdn tyc, ldm hdn hdch nhiem eua mft ngudi ldnh dao doi vdi ddn vdi nude, ma vdn thuc hdnh dgo Phat, van Id df td cua dgo Ph|it.
Tuf Trung thugng sT, cdy duoc sang hong lang thiin Vift Nam cdng tdng khdng dinh: "Tdm la Phdt, Phgt Id tam"\ D^c bift, Trdn Thdi Tdng nhdn mgnh, mgi ngudi deu
' Nguyen Lang (1992), Vift Nam Phgt gido su lugn, Nxb. van hgc, Hd Nfi, tr.257.
^ Nguyin Huf Chi (chii bien) (1998), Tho vdn Ly Trdn, t | p 2, quyen thupng, Uy ban Khoa hpc xa h^i Vi§t Nam, Nxb. Khoa hgc xi hfi, Hd Nfi, tr.274.
CO tam Phdt: "Chdng cd dgi dn, tiiu dn; dau nl xudt gia tgi gia. Chdng ne tdng tyc, ehi c6t td Idng; chdng ke gdi trai, cd sao nf tudng... NIU hay phdn chilu hoi quang, diu dugc rd tinh thanh Phdt"^.
Chd dich cua vifc tu hdnh la thanh Phdt, nhung de thanh Phdt thi khdng phdi tim d ddu xa la md tim d hong tdm mdi ngudi.
Nhung tu tudng hen day eua cdc nhd Thien hgc ddi Tran cho thay tinh than binh ddng tuyft ddi gida con ngudi vdi con ngudi. Da la con ngudi diu cd tinh Phgt vd diu cd the thdnh Phgt, khdng phan bift sang hen, giau nghto, cao thdp. Thiin hgc ddi Trdn khdng dinh bdt cd ai, bdt luc ndo, bdt cd d ddu, bdt cd lam vife gi ciing deu cd the tu tdm, diu CO thi thdnh Ph|lt. Tu tudng Phdt tgi tam, mgi ngudi diu cd tdm Phat da trd thanh nguyen 1^ ca bdn cd vai trd djnh hudng cho sy nh|in thdc va hdnh ddng cda cdc nha qudn ly xa hgi duong thdi.
2. Su* dnh hu-dng tu* tu-ong Phat tai tdm trong qudn 1;^ x3 hfi du-oug thdi
Mgt la, tu tudng Phdt tai tam Id co sd hinh thdnh triet 1^ binh ddng, d§t nin mdng cho vifc xay dung cac tu tudng hong quan 1^ xa hgi.
Tu tudng vl su binh ddng thi hifn hong cdu: khdng ed giai cdp trong ddng mdu ciing do, khdng cd hdn thii trong gigt nirdc citng mgn cda Phdt gido. Mgi chdng sinh deu binh ddng va deu cd Phdt tinh.
Khdng djnh tu tudng ndy, Trdn Thdi Tong viet: "Phdt khdng chia nam bde, diu cd the
' Nguyin Hu4 Chi (chU bifin) (1998), Sdd, tr.65.
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Nghi6n cdu An Df vd Chdu A. So 7 - 2017 tu tdm" . Phgt d hong tdm, vi vgy ai cung
CO till thdnh Phat.
Xuat phdt td su anh hudng cua tu tudng Phgt tgi tdm, tu tudng vl sy binh dang giua con ngudi vdi eon ngudi, cac dng vua, tdng ldp quy tdc Trdn da xay dung chinh quyin qudn chu thdn ddn. Mgt m§t nha Trdn xdy dyng vd cdng cd chi df qudn chd trung uong tap quyen nhdm bdo vf ngdi vi nhung song hanh vdi nd nhd Trdn cung cdng cd m6i quan hf gida vua vdi cdc tdng ldp dan chdng, tgo m6i quan hf tuong ddi bmh ddng gida tdng ldp quy tf c Tran vdi cdc bgc bd lao, cac vi su tdng vd cac tdng ldp nhdn dan khac. Cac van dl hf trgng cua ddt nude diu dugc dem ra ldy y kiln cda todn ddn.
Nhu vgy, trong tu tudng chinh tri cda tang ldp quy tgc Tran da dnh hudng bdi tu tudng binh ddng cda Phdt gido. Nhdn thdc dugc dilu ndy cdc ong Vua, quy tgc Trdn dgt vj the cda nunh trong mdi quan hf binh ddng vdi ngudi ddn. Cdc vua Trdn dd to chdc cdc hgi nghi Binh Than, hfi nghi DiSn Hdng, ldy f kien cua nhan ddn v6 vifc chdng giac thi hifn ro tinh thdn tdn hgng nhan dan cda trilu dgi nhd Trdn, dgt dugc su ddng tam, nhdt tri hong todn xa hfi, tgo ngn khi thi hdo hung cda ddn tdc, tren dudi mgt ldng, cdng nhau ddnh giac. Phdt gido vdi chd truang "Chdng thifn phyng hdnh";
"Cuu do ehung sinh", phd bd sy phdn bift ddng cdp da cd sy tuong ddng vdi khi the cua dan tgc, tgo nen tinh than tuong than.
tuong ai gdp phan cung cd khdi dgi Cohn kit ddn tf c.
Tinh thdn Phdt tgi tdm cdn thi hifn rd n6t trong cdc hogt dfng, dieu hdnh qudn \f cua cdc dng vua, d^ng thdi la cdc thien su nhd Trdn hong xay dyng cdc chinh sdeh qudn ly xa hgi. Theo tinh than Phat tai tdm, cdc nha qudn 1^ xa hgi da lay tdm chung sinh ldm tdm cda minh. Dilu ndy dugc the hifn rd ndt trong vifc dua ra nhieu chd ti-uong, chinh sdeh thu phuc dugc long ddn nhu: "Khoan thu sue dan", "Ldng ddn khdng chia", "Cd nude gdp sdc".
Chinh sdeh Khoan thu sire ddn dugc nhd Trdn thyc hifn nhdt qudn hong suot chilu ddi lich sd cda trieu Tran. Cd khi ndo ddt nude gdp khd khdn, nhdn ddn roi vdo tinh trang ddi kem thi ehinh sdeh ndy duge thyc hifn. Trong Dgi Vift sd ky todn thu ch^p, ndm 1242: "Thdng 5, tiidng 6, hgn hdn, sodt td, dgi xd"'; "Nam 1319 cd nude ddi to, vua phat 100 lgng vdng, 500 lang bgc sai Phdp Loa b6 thi ngudi nghfeo"^.
Tiip do, ndm 1358: "Hgn hdn ddi kem nhd vua k6u ggi nhd gidu phdt thdc chdn cdp cho dan, nhd nude trj gid ha tien. Bdn ndm sau, ndm 1362, cd ddi ldn, Nha nude lgi kSu ggi nhd gidu d cdc lg ngp thdc vao nhd nude rdi ban phdm tudc"'. Cdc chinh sdeh neu tren da cho thdy cai tdm cda cdc nhd qudn ly doi vdi nhdn ddn, cdi tdm dd chinh
* NguySn Hu§ Chi (chii bien) (1998), Sdd, tr.27.
* Phan Huy L6 (2010), Dgi Vi4t su ky todn lhr, Nxb.
Khoa hgc xS hgi, Dong A, Hd Ngi, tr.220.
* Nguyen Duy Hinh (2009), Ljch su dgo Phgt Viet Nam, Nxb. Tfln gido, Hd N^i, tr.l26.
' Nguyin H6ng Phong (1986), "Ve che dg quan chii qu^ t§c ddi Tran", Tgp chi Nghien dru lich su, so 4, tr.30.
Dang Anh Tuylt. Su dung tu tudng Phdt tgi tdm...
la tdm Phlit, yeu thuang bao chua mudn lodi, vgn phdp. Vi vdy, bdi hgc ve nhdn tam trong qudn l^ xa hfi md trilu dai nha Trdn dd de Igi cho hdu thi chinh Id Khoan thu sice ddn ldm ki sdu re ben gdc.
Chd truang Ldng ddn khong chia dugc xdy dyng khi gidc Nguyen Mdng xdm luge.
Mdi khi k& thu xam luge, dilu kifn cho sy thdnh cdng ch6ng gigc ngogi xam chinh Id c6 kit dugc ldng ddn, dodn kit dugc todn ddn, thu phuc dugc nhdn tdm cua cac nhd qudn \f. Xudt phdt td quan nifm cua thiin hgc ddi Trdn coi tdm nhu mft tdm guong, khi guong md tdc con ngudi cdn chua gidi thodt, khi gucmg trong con ngudi nhin rd dugc tam ban the, tdm P14t cda chinh minh va khdng chi c6 ngudi tu hanh mdi nhan ra dugc tdm gidi thoat cda minh md mgi ngucri diu cd die nhan thay dugc sy gidi thoat cda ngucri tu hdnh khi hg dg ddc dgo. Vi vdy, cac dng vua, tdng ldp quy tgc Tran ddng thdi la cdc nhd thiin su dd tu minh no lye gidi thoat eho bdn thdn vd hd thdnh nhdng tdm guong cho ngudi dan hgc hdi.
Chd trucmg Cd nude gdp sue dugc ddt ra hong tinh hu6ng can cd sy gdp sue cda toan dan ve cdc nguon lyc phyc vy cho cong cuf e ddu tranh chong gidc ngogi xdm. Hifn tugng nhdng nhd lanh dgo nha Trdn tiieo tinh thdn dgo tiiiln dd tu mhih vdt bd mgi vinh hoa phd qu^ dl tu tiiiln dd ldm lay ddng ldng ngudi. Vi thi ngudi dan hong xd hgi ddi Trdn du cdn nhilu khd khdn, gian khi hong vifc muu sinh nhung hg ludn sdn sdng nhudng cam, x6 do; ddng gdp nhan luc, vgt, lyc, hi lyc, tai lyc cho ddt nude khi To quoc can.
Hai Id, Tu tudng Phgt tgi tam Id co sd xay dyng cdc chudn mye dao ddc hong qudn l^ xd hgi.
Phdt gido ndi chung va Thiin hgc ddi Trdn ndi rieng thyc chat Id mdt hf tu tudng dgo ddc. Trong ngi dung cda nd chda dyng cdc yeu td dao due g6m cdc chudn mye dgo ddc, gid tri dgo due va cdc phucmg phdp thyc hdnh cac gid tri dgo ddc. Vdi triet l^
td bi, hy, xa, vd cdc nguyan tdc dgo due ngu gidi, tiidp thifn... khuyen khich con ngudi hudng thifn, Phgt gido dd di vdo ldng ngudi, cd tdc dung hodn thifn nhan each dao ddc con ngudi va hudng tdi mft xd hdi bde di.
Chuan myc dgo ddc quan hgng nhdt trong quan nifm vl dao lam ngudi hong hr tudng Thiin hgc ddi Trdn la tinh Thi^n, Trdn Thai Tdng vilt: "Nao bilt bd dl giac tmh, ai ndy viSn thdnh; hay dau tri tuf thien cdn, ngudi ngudi diu dd"^. Quan nifm nay nhan mgnh, bdt cu ai, khi dugc sinh ra Idm ngudi deu cd tinh thifn, chi vi trong cufc song do nhan thiic sai lam ma mat di tinh thifn. De gidi thodt trudc ti6n cdn tim lai tinh thifn eda bdn thdn moi ngudi bdng cdch thyc hifn Ngu gidi vd Thdp thi^n.
Trdn Thdi Tong da phan tich, lugn gidi rat rd ve ndi dung ngu gidi hong cac bdi:
Vdn rdn sdt sinh, Vdn rdn trgm cdp, Vdn rdn ham sdc, Vdn rdn ndi edn, Vdn rdn uSng rugtu. Trong dd, Thdi Tdng khdng djnh: "Ludi hdi ldng lfng, ldm dilu ldnh till thoat, ldm dilu dc thi vuang"*. Thyc
^ Nguyin Huf Chi (cha bi6n), Sdd, tr.65.
' Nguyin H u | Chi (chii bifin), Sdd, tr.95.
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Nghign euu An Df va Chau A. Sd 7 - 2017 hien ngu gidi vd tii$p tiiifn, Thiin hge ddi
Trdn xudt phdt tu nguyen ly Ph^t tgi tdm da khang dinh cho con ngudi niim tin vdo sue mgnh cda bdn thdn con ngudi, khdng djnh con ngudi ed thi ty minh lam chu cufc sdng cda minh bdng viec huong vdo ngi tam, thanh lgc n^i tdm, bdng vifc td bd nhdn thue phan bift, nhi kiln, doi ddi hong tu duy dl hd vl vdi tam Phdt.
Trong x3 hfi ddi Tran, tu vua quan din dan chdng, mgi hogt dgng diu hudng din cdc hanh vi thifn, cdu ngudi, cdu dan, cdu nude. Hanh dgng ndy cdn thi hifn ca trong trudng hgp cdu ke thu. Trong Hch sd dd khdng it trudng hgp vdi nhung tu binh ehiln tranh, ludn dugc ddi xd td tl, dugc cdp ddy du qudn luong cho ve nude. Ndm 1285, sau khi ddnh thdng gi^c Nguygn, nhung td binh bi bdt da dugc Tran Nhan tdng cho vl nude. Su kien ndy dugc nghi chep lai trong Dgi Vift su 1^ toan thu:
"Mda xudn, tiiang gieng, thd qudn Nguyen vl nude"'". Hdnh ddng hen cda cdc dng vua Trdn cho tiiay sy thdu hiiu nhdn tam, thdu hiiu long ngudi, thdu bilu nguygn do eua nhung hdnh vi cda con ngudi hong cugc sdng. Cdc dng vua Tran dd ldy cdc chudn myc dgo ddc Phdt giao dl dng xu vdi con ngudi.
Ddi Trdn dd xdy dyng nen hinh dnh cda cac dng vua mang nhiing ddc diem, cot each cda mgt dng Phgt tu bi. Mft nhd cam quyin mu6n dem lgi hgnh phuc thdt sy cho nhan dan, can phdi cd tinh than vd nga, vi tha. Cd quen minh thi tu vi tri cao nhat
trong xa hfi, nhihig ngudi cai tri dat nude mdi cd till thau hiiu chdn thuc cugc song cua dan chdng, thdng cam vdi ndi vdt vd, khd khan cua nhdn ddn. Nhd dd nhthig nhd chinh tri cd tir tdm da ra cdc chinh sdeh trong qudn 1;^ xd hdi huong den ngudi dan, lo cho ddn, hudng ddn dan thuc hdnh dgo tu bi, ddi song xa hdi ddi Tran hd ngn trong sgch, ldnh mgnh.
Ba Id, tu tudng Phgt tgi tam Id co sd eho vifc phdt hiln dao Phat trong xd hfi d6i TraiL
Tu tudng Ph|t tgi tdm da khdng dinh mgi ngudi deu cd Phdt tinh, mgi ngudi deu cd thg thanh Phdt. Thdy ro dugc lgi ich cda tu tudng ndy cdc nhd Thiin hgc ddi Tran ludn tim cdch dl cac tu tudng cda Ph$t gido dugc truyin bd vdo hong cgng dong.
D I ldm dugc dilu do, trudc tiSn nhd Tran xay dyng che do sd hiru ddt dai ciia nhd chua. Coi nha chiia nhu mft don vj kinh tl dgc lap vd coi nha chua Id mft bf phan cdu thdnh khdng the thieu cda xd hfi.
Nhd nghien cdu Nguygn Duy Hinh da nhdn dinh: "Sd hthi rufng ddt nhd chda Id mgt thdnh phdn quan hgng khdng thi coi nhe ti-ong 403 ndm ndy khdng nhung vi Id dai sd hihi rudng ddt md cdn Id vi tinh phi biln cda no khdp cdc xd hau nhu ddu cung cd chi khdc nhau d quy md dgi, trung, tiiu md thdi"". Chinh sdeh rugng ddt d6i vdi nhd ehua da khdng djnh vi the cda Phdt gido ndi chung, thien hgc ddi Trdn ndi rigng hong xd hfi. Khdng dinh niim tm ciia cdc nhd lanh dgo doi vdi Phat giao vd ndng cao dnh
° Trdn Trgng Kim (2011), VietNam Sir lit^rc, tr.243.
" Nguyin Duy Hinh (1996), "Kmh t l - Xd hfi L^
Tnln", Tgp chi Nghien ciiu hch sir, s6 4, tr.36.
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Dang Anh Tuylt. Su dung tu tudng Phdt tgi tdm...
hudng cua Phgt gido ddi vdi nhan ddn.
Thuc hifn chdc nang tu tudng, thdi ky nay cdc nhd thiin su dd tgp trung vao vifc in kinh, gidng kinh: "Dai tgng dugc chich mau m chep, khdc thdnh vdn in vdi sd lugng ldn, giang nhilu kinh lyc"'^. Nhd cd sy hodng duong Phdt phdp tich eye cda cdc nha thiin hgc vd cac nhd su ddi Trdn ma cdc ngdi chua dd phat huy dugc chdc nang tdn gido vd chuc ndng gido due trong xa hgi ddi Tran. Trong giao dye, Phgt gido dugc coi nhu Id mdt mdn hgc h d thdnh nfi dung cho vifc truyin thy h i thdc, dgy ldm ngudi. Phat gido trd thdnh mdn thi trong tam giao. Mft ngudi mudn ra ldm quan phai thdng bilu Nho gido va Phgt gido, tinh thdng Nho gido d l cd kiln thuc qudn ly xd hdi, hieu biet Phat phap de ren cdi tam cua nhd lanh dgo.
Hon thi, nhd chua cdn Id noi chda bfnh cdu ngudi, thyc hifn chdc nang nay, edc nhd su ddng vai h d Id ngudi chda tam bfnh vd thdn bfnh cho ngudi ddn. Cac nhd su vua cd kiln thdc y hgc chda cae logi bfnh thdng thudng vda Id nhd tam ly hgc, chua lanh cac bfnh tdm ly dua con ngudi trd v l vdi thye tgi, chdp nhdn hoan cdnh, chap n h ^ s6 ph|in qua giang gidi gido ly Phat phdp. Nhu vdy, Phat gido hong xd hfi ddi Trdn dd thyc hifn rat nhilu cac chdc ndng khdc nhau, phan anh tinh da dgng va vai hd quan hgng cua dao Phgt hong xa hfi.
3. K i t luan
Thiin hgc ddi Trdn Id mgt hong nhung phai Thiin tigu bilu cho Thien hgc Vift '^Nguyen Duy Hinh, Sdd,tr.l36.
Nam. Cac thien su phai Trdc Lam cung nhu cac thiin su khdc cda Vift Nam deu da thi hifn chdt thien cda minh qua hanh dfng.
Mdi mgt nhd tiiiln hgc Id mgt ngudi hdnh thiin ngay hong ddi sdng cda chinh muih, tinh chdt hda nhdp vdo cudc ddi dd ldm cho Thiin tdng Vift Nam ndi chung vd Thiin hgc ddi Tran ndi ridng mang mft n^t rigng bift dgc thd vd h d thdnh mdt l6i s6ng cua ngudi tu thiin trong Thien tdng Vift Nam.
Tinh chdt nhgp thg, tuih thdn binh ddng, tu tudng bifn tam, su thdng nhdt gida tu tudng vd hdnh dfng la hf thong cde gid tri md Thien hgc ddi Tran da dat dugc. Cae gid tri ndy da h d thdnh hf thong cac chuan muc ddng vai hd, ddn ddt, dieu chinh, tdc dfng tich cue den cac hogt dfng cua ddi sdng xa hdi duong thdi tren cac ITnh vyc kinh tl, dao ddc, tu tudng, vdn hda... ldm cho trilu dgi nhd Trdn vd xd hdi ddi Trdn cd nhdng thkih edng vang dgi trong su phdt triin xd hfi va bdo vf nen dgc ldp dan tgc.
Tai lifu t h a m kfaao
1. Nguyin Hue Chi (chu bien) (1998), Tha van Ly Trdn, tdp 2, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hoi. Ha Nfi.
2. Nguyen Duy Hinh (2009), Lich sir dgo Phgt Vi4t Nam, Nxb. Ton gido, Hd Nfi.
3. Nguyen Duy Hinh (1996), "Kinh tl - Xd hfi Ly Tran", Tgp chi Nghiin cuu ljch su, so 4.
4. Nguyin Lang (1992), Vi4t Nam Phgt gido sic ludn, Nxb. Vdn hpc, Ha Nfi.
5. Phan Huy Lg (2010), Dgi Vi^t sic k^ todn thu, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hfi, E)dng A, Ha Npi.
6. Nguyen Hdng Phong (1986), "Ve chi df qudn chu quy tf c ddi Tran", Tgp chi Nghiin cuu lich su, so 4.
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