DIINDANGIAODUC
Van dyng Nghj quyet Bgi hoi Oong toon qu6c Ion thi/X!
vao nghien cuu, giang dgy va hoc tgp chuy6n de Lien minh giai cdp cong nhdn voi giai cdp nfing ddn vd dOi ngO tri thuc
trong thdi l(y qud do len chu nghla xa hdi
TS TRAN NGOC SON*
1. Ly ludn vl hdn minh giai cd'p cdng nhdn vdi giai Cach mang Xa hdi Chu nghla Thang Mubi Nga (1917), d p ndng ddn va cac tang ldp lao ddng khae la mdt trong budc diu eua thbi ky qua dd len chu nghia xa trong nhiing ndi dung caban d a chu nghla Mac - Lemn, hdi, V.I. Lenin md rdng hen minh trong nhung hoan da duge Mae - Angghen dua ra tir khoang nua sau thi d n h lich su mdi. Lien minh khdng ehi cd cdng - ndng ky XIX tren ca sd ting kit phong trao deh mang ehdu (dii dd la hai lire lugng ca ban va to ldn nhd't) ma con Au nhiing nam 1848 - 1849 va Cdng xd Pari ndm hen minh vdi d e tang ldp lao ddng khac. Khi phan
1871 eiing nhu sir khai quat thirc tiin dd'u tranh deh tieh ve chuyen ehinh vd san, V.I. Ldnin khang dinh ro:
mang d a phong trao edng san va edng nhdn qud'c te d "Chuyin chinh vd sdn Id mot hinh thiic dac biit cila chdu Au nhiing ndm sau dd. Khi ting kit thuc tiin d c liin minh giai cdp giiia giai cdp vd sdn, ddi tiinphotig phong trao cdng nhdn d chdu Au, nhd't la d Anh va cua nhiing ngudi lao ddng, vdi ddng ddo nhiing tdng hip Phap giiia va cull the ky XIX, C. Mae va Ph. Angghen da lao ddng khdng phdi vd sdn (tiiu tusdn, tiiu chil, ndng khai quat thanh mpt he thd'ng ly ludn khoa hpe vl deh ddn, tri thdc, v.v.. .)"^
mang vd san, trong dd cd ly ludn vl hen minh giai d p Van dung diing ddn va sang tao nhiing ludn didm edng nhdn vdi giai dp ndng ddn va d c tang ldp lao ddng ea ban eua ehu nghia Mae - Ldnin vl tinh tdt yiu cda khac. Cac dng da chi ra nguyen nhdn d a nhiiu thit bai liin minh cdng, ndng vd cdc tdng ldp lao ddng khac vao trong d c cupc diu tranh d a giai d p edng nhdn ehu yiu hban canh Viet Nam, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da sdm la do giai d p edng nhdn khdng to chuc dugc md'i hen ehi ra rdng, giai phdng ddn tpe gdn hin vdi giai phdng minh vdi "ngubi ban ding minh tir nhien eua nd" la giai giai d p , giai phdng xd hdi, ma giai phdng giai dp, d p ndng ddn. Vi vdy, d c cudc deh mang vd san da trd giai phdng xa hdi d Viet Nam chinh la giai phdng ndng thanh nhiing "bai don caai diiu". ^ dan vi ndng ddn nude ta liic bdy gib ehilm hon 90%
Phat trie'n ly ludn d a C. Mae, Ph. Angghen vl hen ddn so. Bdi vdy, Bae ndi: "Cdng nong Id g6c cda cdch minh cdng, ndng va eae ting ldp lao ddng khac trong mqng'' Tir sau Cach mang Thang Tam nam 1945, sir diiu kidn ehii nghia tu ban da phat trien eao - giai ldn manh cua phong trao deh mang Vidt Nam dng doan de qudc chu nghia - thdng qua thuc tien eude
* Hgc viin Chfnh trj - Hinh chfnh khu vuc III tr 452.
84
1. V.I. Linin: Toin tip, t. 38, Nxb Tiin bd, Mibtccva. 1977,
DIIINDANGIAODUC
lam ro them vai trb d a tang ldp tri thiic. Do vdy, Chi'nh cuong Dang Lao ddng Viet Nam (Dai hpi II, thang 02 -1951) khang dinh: "Chinh quyin cda nudc Vi^t Nam ddn chd c^ng hda Id chinh quyin ddn chu nhdn ddn... ldy liin minh cdng nhdn, ndng ddn vd lao dqng tri thiic ldm nin tdng do giai cdp cdng nhdn ldnh dqo"^ Thuc tiin d a cupc dd'u tranh chd'ng thue ddn Phap va dl qud'c My, thd'ng nhd't dd't nudc, ddc biet la thuc tiin xdy dung chu nghia xd hpi tren pham vi d nudc la co sd dl Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh va Dang ta cu thi hda thanh quan diem va to ehifc thuc hidn "liin minh giai cdp cdng nhdn vdi giai cdp nong ddn vd tdng ldp tri thitc", nhd vdy da lanh dao, doan ke't mpi ting ldp nhan ddn dd'u tranh lam nen cudc Cach mang Thang Tam thdng lpi, khai sinh ra Nudc Viet Nam Dan ehu Cdng hba, thuc hidn muc tieu dpc ldp ddn tdc va xdy dung ehu nghia xa hdi tren dd't nudc ta.
Nhuvdy, dd'i vdi nudc ta, tir mdt nudc ndng nghiep ngheo nan lac hdu, ndng ddn ehilm tuyet dai da so trong dan eu va lao dpng xd hdi, lai chua trai qua thbi ky phat triin tuban chu nghia, thi vd'n dl hdn minh giai dp cdng nhdn vdi giai d p ndng ddn va ddi ngii tri thiic trong thbi ky qua dp len chu nghia xd hpi lai dng cd y nghia ehiln lupc deh mang hon bao gib hit. Cuong linh xdy dung dit nude trong thbi ky qua dp len ehu nghia xd hpi dnudc ta (Cuong linh ndm 1991) va nhiiu van kien khac cua Dang tir trade de'n nay, eiing nhu Van kien Dai hdi lan thif X eua Dang da khang dinh: "Dqi dodn kit todn ddn tdc trin nin tdng lan minh giai cdp cdng nhdn viHgiai cdp ndng ddn vd ddi ngu tri thiic, dudi sulanh dqo Clio, Ddng, Id dudng loi chiin Imc cua cdch mqng Vi&t Nam, Id ngudn siic mqnh, ddng luc chu yiu vd Id nhdn tdc6 y nghla quyit dinh bdo ddm thdng loi bin vang cua sunghiip xdy dung vd bdo vi Toqudc"^.
2. Din Dai hdi Dai bilu toan qud'c ldn thif XI cua Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam, tutuong chie'n luge vl hen minh giai d p cdng nhdn vdi giai d p ndng ddn va dpi ngii tri thire trong giai doan each mang nude ta hien nay ghi trong Cuong Ilnh xdy dung ddt nudc trong thai k^ qud d$ lin chd nghla xd hdi (bo sung, phdt triin ndm 2011), khang dinh: "Nhd nudc ta la nhd nudc phdp quyin xd hdi chd nghla cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn, vi nhdn ddn. Tdt cd quyin luc nhd nudc thudc vi nhdn ddn md nin tdng Id liin minh giua giai cdp cdng nhdn vdi giai cdp ndng ddn vd dqi ngu tri thiic, do Ddng C^ng sdn ViitNam ldnh dqo"^; va nhdn manh "khdi
dqi dodn kit todn ddn tdc trin nen tdng liin minh giai cdp cdng nhdn vdi giai cdp ndng ddn vd ddi ngu tri thiic dudi sif ldnh dqo cua Ddng tiip tqc duqc md rong vd tdng cudng trin ca so thdng nhdt vi muc tiiu ddn gidu, nudc mqnh, xd hdi cdng bdng, ddn chu, vdn minh"^.
Danh gia vl nhiing thanh tuu cung nhunhiing ban ehi d a 20 nam thue hien Cuong linh ndm 1991,10 nam thue hien Chie'n luge Phdt trie'n kinh t l - xd hpi (2001 - 2010), 5 nam thuc hien Nghi quye't Dai hdi Dai bilu toan qud'c lan thif X eua Dang, Nghi quylt Dai hpi Dai bilu toan qude lan thif XI eua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam khdng dinh, mdt trong nhiing nguyen nhdn thdng lpi ciing nhu nhung han ehe deu gan hin vdi viec xdy dung va phat huy hen minh cdng - ndng - tri thife d nude ta. Tuy nhien, ngoai trir phan Cuong linh va phan danh gia su dung true tie'p cum tir "lien minh", hau hit d e phin ebn lai trong Van kien XI diu khdng de cdp true tie'p de'n hen minh niia. Ddy la die'm mdi trong Van kien Dai hdi lan thir XI eua Dang ma chiing ta d n phai luu y khi dl cdp vd'n de hdn minh edng - ndng - tri thifc trong cdng tdc nghien cuu, giang day va hpc tap chuyen dl nay. Viec khdng dl cap true tilp vlii dl hen minh cdng - ndng - tri thiie trong nhung phan ebn lai eua Vdn kien XI xud't phat tir quan diim nhdn thife mdi eua Dang trong hban d n h mdi: "Ndng cao nhdn thiic, trdch nhiim ciia, todn Ddng, todn ddn vi phdt huy site mqnh dqi dodn kit todn ddn trong bdi cdnh mdi". "Ldy muc tiiu xdy dung mgt nudc Viit Nam hoa binh, ddc lap, thdng nhdt, todn ven ldnh thd, ddn gidu, nudc mqnh, ddn chd, cdng bang, vdn minh ldm
diim tuang ddng; xoa bo mac cdm, dinh kiin vi qud khit, thdnhphdngiai cdp, chdp nhdn nhiing diim khac nhau khdng trdi vdi lai ich chung cda ddn tdc; di cao tinh thdn ddn tdc, truyin thdng nhdn nghla, khoan dung... ditdp hcrp moi ngudi vdo mat trdn chung, tdng cudng ddng thudn xd hdi"^. Mae dii khdng de dP trite tiep, khdng dung thuat ngii"/ie« minh cdng - ndng • tri thitc" trong nhiing phdn ebn lai eua Van kien Dai hpi lan thif XI, nhung tutuong ehiln luge vl hen minh nay
2. Ding Cdng sin Viit Nam: Van kiin Ding toin tip. 112.
Nxb CTQG, H, 2001] tr 437.
3. Ding (Ddng sin ViitNam: Vin kiin Dai hdl dai biiu toin quic lin thdX, Nxb CTQG, H, 2006, tr 'l 16.
4. Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam: Vin kiin Dai hdi dai biiu toin quic lin thd XI. NxbCTQG, H, 2011, tr 85.'
5. Sdd. tr 158.
6. Sdd tr 240.
85
DIIINDANGIAODUC
vdn dugc the hien rb qua vide xac dinh vi thif d c giai kinh te nen ndi dung kinh te ma thuc ehdt la ket hpp ting ti-ong xa hpi nude ta hien nay: thd nhdt la giai d p diing ddn d e lgi fch kinh t l cua d c giai tdng xa hpi cdng nhdn...; thichai Idgiai cdp ndng ddn...; thiiba Id dpi dugc lay lam trpng tam. Viec thuc hien kit hgp dc lpi ngii tri thiic... roi sau dd mdi din d e thanh phan xa hdi fch kinh te duge xac dinh bdi d c nhu d u kinh t i d a khacl Tuy khdng tinrc tilp, nhung ti-ong van kidn XI, tir d e chu thi lgi ich va cae diiu kien thitc hien nd. Xuit tudng va ndi dung hen minh cdng - ndng - tri thiic vdn phat tir thuc trang, tilm nang kinh t l cua nude ta de duge the hien rb tren nhirng linh vue caban sau: xac dinh ca d u kinh tihgp ly, trong dd phai ti'nh den
- Trin Ilnh vuc chinh tri, hdn minh vl chinh tri giiia nhung nhu d u ve kinh tieua cdng nhan, ndng dan, tri giai cd'p edng nhan, giai d p ndng ddn va dpi ngii tri thife va cua toan xd hdi trong d c diiu kien, thbi gian thiie thi hien d viec thd'ng nhd't vl eon dubng, muc cu the'. Dang ta xac dinh ea d u kinh t l chung d a ca tieu, lpi fch di len chu nghla xd hdi. "Trong bdt ky diiu nude la "xay dung ca cdu kinh ti cdng nghiip, ndng kiin vd tinh hudng ndo, phdi kiin tri thuc hiin dudng nghiip, dich vu hiin dqi, hiiu qud"^^ va muc tieu din ldi vd muc tiiu doi mdi, kiin dinh vd van dung sdng nam 2015: "ca cdu GDP: ndng nghiip 17 -18%, cdng tqo, phdt triin chu nghla Mdc - Linin, tu tudng Hd Chi nghiip vd xdy dung 41 - 42%, dich vu41- 42%"^^ Dieu Minh, kiin dinh muc tiiu ddc lap ddn toe vd chu nghla nay thi hidn rd ndi dung kinh t l d a hdn minh cdng, xd hdi"^, la thue hien "ddngidu, nudc mqnh, ddn chu, ndng, tri thifc la diiu kien, mdi trubng de d e giai tang cdng bdng,vdn minh"^. Trong giai doan each mang nudc boat ddng va phat trie'n su lien minh. Qua trinh hpi ta hien nay, hen minh cdng, ndng, tri thifc la nin tang nhdp khu vue va qud'c t l dd tao diiu kidn cho tri thiic chinh tri - xd hdi va kinh t l eua Nha nudc xa hdi chu ngay cang gan bd vdi san xuit cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep nghia, la nbng cd't cua Mat trdn To qud'c dl xdy dung va d c linh vuc kinh tikhac "Phdt triin ndng luc nghiin va bao vd Tl qud'c xa hdi ehu nghia. Dua tren ldp trubng ciiu, that ki, chi tqo cdc sdn phdm cdng nghidp co cdng tu tudng ehi'nh tri ciia giai d p edng nhdn, de nghe tiin tiin, gid tri gia tdng cao, nhdt Id cdc mdy mdc thuc hidn hen minh can phai xdy dung tirng budc nen diiu khiin ky thudt sd, hi thdng ttf ddng hoa, co khd nang ddn ehu xd hdi chu nghia, ehi'nh do yeu d u eua nin xudt khdu, thay thi nhdp khdu, ndng cao tj li n^i dia ddn chu nay ma ndi dung chi'nh tri eiia hen minh edng, hoa sdn phdm...; nhanh chong hinh thdnh mot sd viin ndng, tri thifc khdng tach rbi ndi dung, phuong thifc cdng nghi cdng nghiip, viin cdng nghi thdm do vd khai dd'i mdi hd thd'ng ehi'nh tri tren pham vi d nude. Trong thdc khoang sdn a nudc ta co thi mqnh, viin cdng nghe diiu kien hdi nhdp khu vue va qud'c te, vdi nin kinh t l ndng nghiip..."^^ va "thuc hiin tdt viic gdn kit chdt che nhieu thanh phan va da dang thi vide eu the hda eua "bdn nhd" (nhd ndng, nhd khoa hoc, nhd doanh nghi&p, dd'i mdi ndi dung va t l ehifc hoat ddng d a cac to ehifc nhd nudc) vdphdt trOncdng nghiip, tiiu thucdng nghiip, chinh tri eua edng nhdn trong d c loai hinh xi nghiep dich vu dkhu vuc ndng thdn..."^^ la nhiing npi dung the edng nghiep, ndng nghiep d d e co sd lao ddng san xuit hien quan he edng - ndng - tri tren linh vuc kinh te.
ndng thdn va bi thifc d d c co sd khoa hpc, edng nghe la Tren ea sd kinh tl, cac nhu d u kinh te' phat tiien rd't d n thilt. Ndi dung boat ddng ehi'nh tri phai gdn dudi nhieu hmh thuc hgp tac, hen kit, giao luu,... tiong va thdng qua d e boat ddng san xud't, kinh te, khoa d san xud't, luu thdng phdn phoi giiia dng nhdn, ndng hpe - cdng nghe, vdn hda, xa hpi,... Cae boat ddng nay ddn, tri tiuic, giiia d e hnh vue cdng nghiep, ndng nghidp, ludn van ddng va dd'i mdi vdi td'c dp ngay d n g nhanh khoa hpc - cdng nghe va eae dieh vu khde, giiia cac dia ehdng, do dd d c hinh thifc cu thi cua he thd'ng ehinh ban, vimg miin ddn eutrong ea nude. Trong diiu kien tri phai duge dd'i mdi cho phu hgp va tao diiu kien cho tir mpt nudc ndng nghiep tiln hanh edng nghiep hda, d e boat ddng phat trie'n td't. hidn dai hda dd't nude. Dang ta xac dinh: "Uu tiinphdt
-Tr^/iifn/ii;MC^fn/i^l, trong d c ndi dung hen minh
giai cap edng nhdn vdi giai d p ndng ddn va dpi ngii tri ''• ^*'' '''• ^'^^" •^•*'- thife thi npi dung kinh te la ndi dung co ban, quye't ^ sdd. tr 8o dinh nhd't, la ca sd vdt chd't - ky thudt vung chdc eua io. Sdd. tr 103.
lien minh trong thbi ky qua dp. Trong thai ky nay, "• ^^ '''• ^^•
nhiem vu each mang ehuyin trpng tdm sang linh vuc 13_ sdd. tr 196 86
DIINDANGIAODUC
triin cdng nghiip phuc vu ndng nghiep vd nong thdn, phdt trien todn diin ve tri tui, dqo due, thichdt, ndng luc ddc biit Id cdng nghidp sdn xudt trang thiit bi, mdy sdng tqo, j thuc cdng ddn, tudn thu phdp ludt"^^.
nudc ldm ddt, thu hoqch, bdo qudn, chi biin sdn phdm + Ndng eao ddn tri la npi dung caban lau dai tao eho ndt^ - ldm • thdy sdn, sdn phdm xudt khdu; sdn xudt lidn minh phat trie'n virng chac. Trudc mat tap trang phdn bdn, thiic dn cho dim nudi vd thudc bdo v$ ddng, vao viec dng eo thanh tiru xda mu chif, phi d p gido due thifc vdt.."^^ la mdt bilu hidn quan trpng d a ndi dung tilu hpc, tiln hanh phi cap trang hpc ca sd va phi cdp quan hd cdng - ndng tren linh vue kinh tl. trang hpe phi thdng, ndng cao kiln thife ve khoa hpe
- Trin linh vuc vdn hoa, xd hdi, ndi dung chi'nh tri edng nghe, vl ehi'nh tri, kinh te, van hda, xd hdi. Khac mang tinh nguyen tae, ndi dung kinh te la caban quyet phue de te nan xd hpi, hu tue lae hdu, d c bilu hien tieu dinh nhit va suy eho dng la dl phue vu muc tieu "ddn cue nhu tham nhiing, quan heu, nhd't la d ndng thdn.
gidu, nudc mqnh, ddn chd, cdng bdng, vdn minh", thda Dan tpe Viet Nam vd'n ed trayin thd'ng tdn su, trpng man nhu cau vdt chit, tinh than cua giai d p edng dao, hiiu hpc va cham ehi d n cii ndn vide dau tu cho nhdn, giai d p ndng ddn, dpi ngii tri thife va cua toan giao due d vl vdt chat ldn tinh than duge dac biet chii xa hpi. Ndi dung vdn hda, xd hdi cua hen minh dugc dl trpng. Ddy vira la thudn lpi, la ye'u to thiic day tiln bd xd d p trong Van kien Dai hdi Dang lln thif XI thi hidn hdi, dong thbi vira la yeu d u ndng cao chit lupng ddi vdi qua dc ndi dung eu thi nhu: sir nghiep giao due va dao tao, khoa hpc va edng nghe.
+ "Phdt triin vdn hoa, xd hdi hdi hda vdi phdt triin "Gido due vd ddo tqo, khoa hoc vd cdng nghe ddp itng su kinh ti, bdo dam tiin bd vd cdng bang xd hdi trong tdng nghiip cong nghiip hoa, hiin dqi hoa ddt nudc"^^.
budc vd timg chinh sdchphdt triin thihiin rd tinh uu viit Tren day la mdt so vd'n dl vl hen minh edng - ndng cm chidd ta"^^. Dd ehi'nh la uu vidt d a chu nghia xd hdi, - tri thife duge dl cdp true tie'p eiing nhu gian tie'p tit d eho con ngubi, vi con ngubi va do eon ngubi, trong trong Van kidn Dai hdi dai bie'u toan qud'c lan thif XI dd lire lugng ddng dao nhd't la cdng nhdn, ndng ddn, tri cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ma chiing ta can luu y thiic. Tir dd tao eho cdng nhan, ndng ddn, tri thifc true khi nghien eifu, hpc tap va giang day.
tilp thi hidn vai trb chu thi eua minh trong d e boat dpng va la ehu thi ti-ong hudng thu thanh qua d a xd
hdi. "Xdy difng n^n vdn hda tiin tiin, dam dd bdn sdc jg g^^ f^ jQg ddn tdc;gia dinh dm no, tien bd, hqnhphdc; con ngu&i 17. Sdd.
VAN D 6 S 6 HtU TIT GOC NHIN QUAN LY PHAT TRI^N XA HOI
Tiip theo trang 36
d n phai tudn theo d e ydu du: tndt Id, nhdn thuc va hanh ddng theo quy ludt khach quan, dd la da dang hda d e thanh phdn kinh td', hinh thifc sd huu va coi dd la mdt trong nhiing diiu kidn td't ye'u eua kinh tIthi trubng; hai Id, hoan thien hanh lang phap ly cho d e thanh phin kinh tl, hinh thue sd hihi phat triin binh dang, lanh manh;
ba Id, dc chu the sd hiiu phai y thifc duge Ibng tu tdn ddn tpe, ke't hgp hai hba lgi fch d nhdn (chu the sd hiiu) vdi lpi ich dan tdc; bdn Id, khdng ngung cung eo va hoan thien quan he san xud't xd hdi chu nghia, thanh phan kinh te nha nudc va sd hifu toan ddn thuc sir xung dang la vai trb nbng cot, di dau trong co d u nin kinh tl. Ddy la muc tidu, yiu t l quylt dinh dam bao dinh hudng xd hdi ehu nghia, la nhifng nhiem vu ed ti'nh chie'n luge trong sir nghidp xdy dung chu nghia xd hdi d nudc ta.
Nhuvdy, nhin tir gde dp quan ly phat trie'n xa hdi, sd hifu ed vai trb rat quan trpng, nd phan anh ban chd't cua de chidd chi'nh tai. Tuy nhien, khi nhin nhdn, danh gia vl sdhifu d n phai thiy rdng, vl ehinh tri, mdi mdt ehe dd cd mdt hinh thuc sd hiiu dae trung (cdng hiiu hay tu hihi) mang ti'nh dinh hudng chinh tri; vl mat to chiic quan ly thi phai tudn theo quy luat phat trie'n chung, khach quan. Vi vdy, khi ndi vl vd'n de sd hifu d Viet Nam hien nay, chiing ta d n phdn biet giiia muc tidu va edng eu hay ndi each khac la phuong tien, cd nhuvdy mdi phat huy dupc vai tio eiia d e thanh phan kinh tl, d e hinh thue sd huu, phat huy dugc sue manh trong va ngoai nudc, ddn tdc va thbi dai trong thbi ky qua dp len chu nghia xd hdi.
87
14. Sdd, tr 193 -194.
15. Sdd, tr 40.