32 TAP CHI' KHOA HQC XA HOI SO 8(156)-2011
GIA DINH TAM THAP CANH TRONG
• m
VAN HOC NAM BO THQI KY MO COI
LE THj KIM UT
TOM TAT
Trong ddng van hgc Nam Bg, van hgc Gia Djnh cd y nghTa lan vai nhiiu tac gia ten tuoi ma Tiinh Hoai Due la mdt dien hinh. Ong cung Le Quang Dinh va Ngd Nhan Tinh cd anh hwang rit lan doi vai xa hdi va dwgfc ggi la "Gia Dinh tam gia" dng trwac tac nhiiu.
Trong dd, "Gia Djnh tam thap canh" cd mdt vj th kha dac biet. Neu "Gia Djnh thanh thdng chi" la mdt bien nien sw cua dan tdc a buSi diu vao Nam ma coi thi "Gia Djnh tam thap canh" la bai ca vi nhung con ngwai giau swc song khi dwng trwac thien nhien vd cung khac nghiet; la canh dep cua thien nhien Nam Bd va la tam trang CLJa "ngwai hung" trai Nam - Trinh Hoai Dwc. Bai viit nay, di cap din hai ndi dung chinh trong "Gia Dinh tam thap canh", dd la vi net dep, vi phong canh va cudc song ngwai dan Gia Djnh va tam trang tac gia thdng qua tac pham nay.
I.TACGIA, TACPHAM
1.1. Vdi net v l cupe ddi Trinh Hoai DCPC
Trinh Hodi DLPC sinh nam 1765, mit nam 1825, cd ten rieng Id An, ten chu- Id Chi San, hieu la C i n Trai. Ong Id ngydi Minh Hyang, mang trong minh hai ddng mdu Vipt-Hoa. TCP thdi dng ndi cho d i n Trinh Hoai DCPC, ddng hp Trinh da cd nhCi-ng ddng gdp thilt thyc cho d i t nyde ta. Sau L§ Thi Kim Ut. Thac sT. Trudng Dai hpc Thu Dau Mpt.
khi cha mat, 6§ tranh loan lac, gia dinh dng tCp Quy Nhan v l lai Phien Trin lap nghiep. Tai day, Trinh Hoai DCPC theo hoc ey Dang Cu-u TLP (tCpc Dang DCPC Thuat), rdi Vd Trydng Toan, nhCi'ng nhd giao noi tilng dygng thdi.
Nam Mdu Thdn (1788), khi chua Nguyin Phuc Anh chilm lai thanh Gia Djnh, cho md khoa thi d l ehpn nhdn tdi, Trinh Hoai
DCPC cung vdi hai ban dcng mdn la Le Quang Djnh, Ngd Nhan TTnh di thi vd cung dd, dyge trpng dyng vd bo lam quan. TLP nam 1788 d i n 1819, Trinh Hodi DCPC giO- nhilu vj tri quan trpng dydi trilu vua Gia Long, dac biet dng nhiem chCpc Gia Djnh Hipp Tdng trin d i n hai iin.
Dydi thdi vua Minh Mang, dng dygc thang Hipp Bien Dai hpc sT, sau dd dygc trao nhit phim. Thdng 3/1825, Trinh Hcdi DCPC
yen giic euli cung tai Quy Vien (d ngoai cu-a ddng thdnh Hul), hu-dng thp 61 tuoi.
1.2. Hpdn canh ra ddi Gia Djnh tam th$p canh
Gia Dinh tam thap canh nim trcng tap Thoi thwc truy bien, cung vdi Quan quang tap vd Kha dT tap Id ba tap thg trong Can Trai thi tap cua Trinh Hodi DCPC. Tit ca da 1dm thdnh dien mpo thg ca cua dng.
cin Trai thi tap dygc tac gia bien tpp, thu§
thg khac in Viet Ddng, nam Gia Long thCp 18 (1819). Sach in vdn gd, hien Thu vipn Han Ndm edn lyu giu-, ban in ndy ky hipu A.780. cin Trai thi tap g l m nhCi-ng sang
LE THj KIM UT - GIA DINH THAP TAfvl CANH TRONG.. 33
tac cua Trinh Hodi DCPC v i l t tCp nam 1782 d i n nam 1819. Thoi thwc truy bien gdm 127 bdi tha d y g e sang tac vdo thdi ky tac gia phieu bat d n h i l u nai, tCp nam 1782 d i n nam 1801. Day la khoang thdi gian dng g i n bd vdi thanh GiaDjnh. Vi t h i dng da ddnh n h i l u tinh cam cho d i t Gia Djnh, vd ba muai bai tha v l canh dep cua Gia Dinh da ra ddi trong thdi gian nay. Day la giai dean mang nhu-ng d i u i n dac biet cua vj quan van hp Trinh.
2. GlA TRI CUA GIA DINH TAM THAP CANH 2.1. Gia Dinh tam thap canh va bCpc tranh Nam Bd nhu-ng ngay d i u md edi
2.1.1. Canh sac thien nhien va con ngudi trong buoi dau m d edi
Gia Djnh khdng chi bd hep d Sai Gdn- Dong Nai ma gom ca vung dat tru phu vCpa khai khan d phuang Nam. Gia Dinh tam thap canh la mot bp "suu tap" phong canh v l vung d i t nay cua nhu-ng ngay
"mang gu-am di m d edi" NhO-ng dja danh quen thupc cua Gia Djnh nhu Tan Trilu, Hdn Rua, Long Ho, Ganh Rai, My The, Chieu Thdi... qua ngdi but cua nhd tha hp Trjnh trd nen dep de han. Nd khdng la t h i n g canh noi t i l n g , ky vT kieu Con San, Ham R i n g , Van Ddn nhu trong tha Nguyen Trai nhung la nhu-ng phong canh khdng the nao quen trong tam tri ngu'di dan Gia Dinh. Gia Dinh tam thap canh la nai lyu d i u , ghi lai nhu'ng cam xuc, nhu'ng suy tu theo tCpng bude chan thi sT qua cac vung d i t mdi. Vugt ca tam hdn yeu thien nhien cua minh, Trinh Hoai DCPC da bpc Id manh me tinh yeu que huang d i t Viet, nai da nudi dudng, bao bpe cho gia dinh, hp tpc dng. Ong da ddng trpn vai trd cua mdt ngudi con d y g e sinh ra vd Idn len tai vung
d i t Gia Djnh i m dp, trpng nhan nghTa nay.
Vi vay, khdng chi g i n gui vd hda minh vdi thien nhien, dng edn g i n bd vdi ngudi dan Gia Djnh qua chinh nhCrng bCpc tranh mieu ta canh sinh hoat thu-dng nhat cua hp.
Nhan vat trong tha dng cung r i t g i n gui, ddi thudng, dd la nhu-ng dng t i i u , la ngudi phu nu- u a m ta det lya, la dCpa be chan trau, la ngu dan chdi ludi... nhu-ng con ngudi ludn miet mdi lao ddng va cd trach nhiem d l i vdi gia dinh. Net h i l n hda, mdc mac r i t dae trung cua ngudi dan Gia Djnh khi di vao tha Trinh Hoai DCPC da trd nen thu vj, sdng ddng han.
Hinh dnh ngudi ndng dan chilm mpt vj tri trang trpng trong tha Trinh Hodi DCPC. Hp la dan den, la ke tay l i m chan bun nhung dudng hoang di vao tha cua bac dai quan roi trd thanh nhung nhan vat duge dng yeu quy. Sao khdng yeu quy cho duge khi ma dng da tCpng g i n bd, lan Idn vdi hp tCp vung d i t Bien Hda xuong My The rdi ra Quang Nam... 0 nai dau, dng quan D i l n T u i n i y cung h i l u rd ngudi ndng dan da phai v i t va khai pha, san x u i t nhu t h i ndo, chiln t h i n g sy k h i c nghiet cua thien nhien ra sao de danh l i y mpt cudc song d i y du, i m no. Chinh vi vay ma trong bdi Chu tho sw van ( D i t Do bCpa trong may), tac gia khdng ta mpt ca nhan ma ta met tap the, dam ddng ngudi bu-a d D i t Dd, Long D i l n . Ngudi ndng dan d D i t Do cung nhu- bao ndng dan khac, hp phai ra ddng that sdm d l cdy bCpa nhung d i n "Quy lai sa nguyet ha kien d i u " (Bu-a vac tren vai, di v l nhd dudi bdng trang mdi mpc) mdi trd v l nhd.
Hp dau t i t mat tdi vdi cdng viec ddng dng nhung ludn nghT v l nhu-ng d i l u t i t dep.
D i u d i t la loai hie Id (dit den) cung khdng he ehi, con ngudi roi se vugt qua de lam
34 LE TH! KIM UT - GIA DJNH THAP TAM CANH TRONG.
nen nhu-ng mua vdng bdi thu. Chu tho S£>
van khdng chi ta theo cdi nhin cua mdt nhd thg ma edn Id cai nhin cua mpt quan Diln Tuin di khip nai khuyin khich canh tac, trpng d i u de cd s i n sa do, quy hoach khin hoang, khdi phye vd phat triln san xuit sau chiln tranh tdn phd:
Xich huyen hdn mai le dai tan.
Hie Id vu ui tich twang chu.
Vu nhieu san gian thin khai yin, Thao du xuan de van phdng ngwu.
(Gin dd thj, nhu-ng ddm um tum cuoc cdy hiu hit,
D i t den x i u biet bao ram rap, khai phd g i n xong.
Mu-a nhilu, khe nui nyde diy, sang di thao dap,
Xuan tdi bd de cd tit, chilu d i n chan trau).
Trong thg Trinh Hodi DCPC, bdi ndo, cau ndo cung trdn d i y nilm lac quan, niem vui song du khd khan, v i t va van edn vay quanh. Ngay d cdng viec di chan trau cung vay, cac ehCi myc dong dydng nhy quen di noi nhpc nhin phai thCpc khuya day sdm, quen ca ning mua tren dong xa moi ngdy.
Khi "lac nguyet" (trang lan), tCpc trdi edn khuya, ed khi vdo khoang canh 3 canh 4, vay md ede ehCi myc ddng da phai thCpc day d l cung ID trau ra dong. Tac gia khdng su- dung ede tCp ta ma sam hay binh minh thwc d$y... d l ehi thdi dilm bit d i u mpt ngdy mdi md la lac nguyet d l khing djnh thdi gian edn r i t sdm. Dilu dd edng tang them noi v i t va cua cdng viec vd sy eham ehl, miet mdi cua eon ngydi. Khdng gian khdng edn tTnh Idng bdi van vat mai d i m chim trong giic ngu ma am thanh cho mdt ngdy mdi vdi tilng trau keu, tilng ngudi i di tren dong da bit d i u . Cdng viec cua ngudi ndng dan bit d i u tCp nhu-ng am
thanh vd cdng vipc quen thupc do. Vdi ho, nhpc nhin, v i t va nhy mpt chuyen duang nhien va nd se tan biln mit sau mpt dem ngon giic. Nilm lac quan dd tao nen khdng khi i m dp trong Tan Kinh thin mijc (Sdm chan trau d Tan Kinh):
Lac nguyet di 6 nao cwu cai.
Tan Kinh muc tw true twang lai.
(Trang lan qua keu nao dpng khip cdi dat.
Tan Kinh tre chan trau dull tdi).
Vdi ngu-di ndng dan, mua vdng bdi thu la niem vui khdng ke xilt. Hp tin vd ty hdo ve thanh qua lao dpng do minh tao ra, de c6 t h i cu-di ngao ca ddi thdi eo md truyen thuylt ndi la thai binh thjnh tri. Nhung cai cydi ngao d day khdng phai Id xem thudng, khinh khi md la cdi eudi ngao sang khoai vi hp thiy minh cung cd the 1dm dygc nhy bac tiln nhan. Ld nhu-ng ngudi chuyen ban mat cho dit, ban Iwng cho trai, hp chan chit nhu manh dit que hu-ang thi Idm gi cd chuyen han thua, khinh khi nhau. That ra, ddi thdi eo dat rpng, ngydi edn it, lam an de ddng han hoi t h i ky XIX d i t hep, con ngydi phai cin cii lao ddng mdi du an. T h i nhung nhu-ng eon ngydi lac quan i y v i n hy vpng vao mdt ngdy mai tu-ai sdng:
Phong nien tiiu ngao Hi Hoang thi, Tuy ngga hoa tOng bit thoat soa.
(Nam dygc mua cydi ngao ddi Hi Hoang, Khdng cdi do tai say n i m ben byi hoa).
Ai da tCpng ed suy nghT ring, ngydi nong dan lac hau, eo hCi, khdng bilt ydc mo thi hay ty v i n lai. Vdi khoang 2/3 dan so sing nhd vdo nIn ndng nghiep ICia nyde, dong thdi n l u nhu-ng ngu-di ndng dan khdng bilt ydc mg, khdng cd nilm tin thi Idm gi ed canh lac quan de md "ngao thud Hi
LE T H I KIM U T - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG. 35 Hodng" d tyang lai nhy trong Tan Kinh
thin mijc. Bdi tha cho ta mdt kinh nghiem sing quy bau, ring hay bilt ydc ma vd sing lac quan de dat dyge nhu-ng dilu tot dep nhit trong cupe ddi.
Din vdi thg van Trjnh Hodi DCPC, chung ta se nhan ra ring, bdng bac trong thg dng la nhu-ng nhan vat ddi thydng chCp khdng phai Id bac miu nghi thien ha, hay ngudi dep theo khudn thudc Id ngpe ednh vdng.
Ong tiiu, ngy ddn chdi ludi, ehCi myc dong, linh tuin dja phyang, ngu-di phu nu- uam ta... Id nhu-ng con ngu-di that ngodi ddi da byde vdo tha dng, duge dng tran trpng ddnh che nhieu tinh cam. Vdi Trinh Hcdi
DCPC, nhu-ng eon ngydi dd c i n duge yeu min, bao ve vi chinh hp da gdp phin lam cho cudc sdng nay tu-ai dpp han, y nghTa han. Vi hp la nhu-ng ccn ngudi bilt tran trpng tinh nghTa, bilt yeu qui lao ddng. 0 thdi dai Trjnh Hodi DCPC, hinh anh ngudi phu nu- md lai Id phy nu- binh thudng duge bude chan vdo tha van, trd thdnh nhan vat chu y l u Id tygng doi hilm. Dilu dd cung du ndi len t i m Idng cua nhd tha doi vdi hp vd Id ngydi cd trdeh nhiem vdi nhdn vat do minh tao ra.
Cung vdi ngu-di ndng dan, cupe song thydng ngdy da di vdo tha vdn Trinh Hodi
DCPC vCpa ngpt ngdo, than thudc vCpa thilt tha, yeu thyang. Ching han nhu Phu Gia diiu nguyet (Cdu cd dydi trang) Id mdt bdi tha viet v l ngdi nhd hanh phuc. O dd cd sy ein min, nhin nai cua cae nhdn vat nhyng hp rang ngdi nilm hpnh phuc vi nhO-ng thdnh qua dat dyge. Bu-e tranh lao ddng cua ngydi ngu phu i n ehCpa nhu-ng tinh cam dam i m cua gia dinh. Khdng nhu dng lao cau cd trong Thu diiu (Cau ed mua thu) cua Nguyin Khuyin, ehi vi muon
quen t h i sy md lang le ngdi chd. Nlu cd khdng "ddp ddng dudi chan bee" cd le dng v i n chua du-gc danh thCpc md CCP trim mac, suy tu- mai. Lao dng di cau Id d l gilt thdi gian, d l tim quen lang vd d l suy ngim tinh ddi. Vi vay cd cd cin cau hay khdng, vdi dng lao khdng quan trpng, dng khdng phai Id ngudi di cau thyc thy. Lao dng ehl muon tim duge mdt nai chin binh yen cho tam hdn. Cdn Trinh Hodi Du-c di cau Id ed myc dich rd rang, dng cung lo ling vi sg khdng may min, trd v l tay khdng, liy gi cho vg Idm gdi d l uong cung rugu qui. Day khdng dan thuin chi la thu vui nhdn roi md nhd tha edn xem nd la mdt cdng viec that sy. Ndi nhu t h i khdng ed nghTa la tac gia khdng chuin bj tam t h i cua cudc du ngoan. Vi thyc ra, ngudi di cau ndo cung vay, nlu khdng ed sy tTnh tam thi khd Idng bit duge me cd ngon.
Trinh Hodi DCPC cung khdng ngoai le. Nhd tha da chuin bj tdm t h i cho buoi di cau:
Nhan ba han chim dai nguygt sao.
Can long kim ba phi Id ha,
NhT huyin thiim quit giai phong phao.
{Tam djch: Nhan nhdn rdi dem ludi cau lanh cau ed dudi trang.
c i n cau dua sdng vang ggn dudi suang mdc,
Moi tree cung thilm tha theo gid)
{Phu Gia diiu nguyet).
Nlu dem so sanh, thi Phu Gia diiu nguygt ehl cd mdt ngudi nhdn rdi ngoi cau ed dydi trang d l ty thudng cho minh nhung din ednh Bin Ca duge tac gid ghi lai trong bdi Ngw Tin san thi (Phien chg nui Ben Ca) lai ed nhu-ng net ddng due, tip nap hgn. Day khdng phai Id Iin diu tien tac gia ndi din nIn thai binh thjnh trj duang thdi.
36 LE TH! KIM UT - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG., Nhung khdc vdi Hoa Phong cd luy la ea
nggi Thanh thiu ru do chip tay SLPa sang nIn vdn trj vd dem khdng c i n ddng eCra ma dan diu 6wac yen, trong Ngw Tan san thi, trudc canh sung tuc, yen vui cua mudn dan, nhd tha khdng quen cdng lao cua nhu-ng chCPC djch, tuin trang dja phu-ang trd' trdm eu-dp, giu- vu-ng an ninh trat ty nai lang mac. Vdi dng, nhCi-ng ngu-di linh trd thdnh dai dien cua trilu dinh, thyc thi chCpc trach, eham lo cupe sing cho nhan dan, trach nhiem dd khdng h i nhd. Trilu dinh khdng d dau xa ma d ngay cdng viec, d sy the hien tinh each cua nhu-ng "quan phu miu" dja phuang. Nhu-ng ngu'di linh dja phuang liy sy binh an cua dan lam nilm vui Idn cua hp nen khdng d l xay ra trdm cudp, mit mat. Cdn Trinh Hodi DCPC, la vj quan ludn quan tam d i n sy on djnh cua quoc gia, cua chinh quyen nen trudc canh thai binh thjnh tri, dng thim cam phuc nhu-ng ngudi linh binh dj dd. Tac gia gpi hp la nhu-ng anh hung, dd la dieu hilm thiy doi vdi mdt vj dai thin cua trilu dinh nhLP Trinh Hoai DCPC:
Chu xa hanh miin wu cwang dao, Lim tiu anh hung nhim chwc phwang.
(Khdng xay ra trdm cip, xe thuyin di lai khdi phai lo au,
Vi da ed cac anh hung dja phuang giu- trdn ehCpc vu).
Khdng phai nha tha trung dai nao cung ed tam hdn phdng khoang, cdi md nhy Trinh Hodi DCPC. Gdc nhin cua mpt dng quan than dan da tao nen net dac biet trong sang tdc cua dng. Nhu-ng sinh hoat thydng nhat, nhu-ng cdng viec binh thudng cung trd thdnh de tdi mdi la trong mdi thi phim. Nhd tha nhu hieu tCpng ngde ngach cua gdc khuit tam hdn nen dpc tha
dng ma CCP ngd la Idi tam tinh cua mdt ai diy v l cupe ddi, v l cdng viec. Ldi le trao doi chan tinh cua nhd tha da duge moi ngydi ddn nhan vd tran trpng cho din horn nay.
2.1.2. Gia tri nghe thuat khi mieu ta canh sic thien nhien va con ngudi
"Cd thi thien ai thien nhien my I Tha xim yeu canh thien nhien dep (Khan thien gia thi hu-u cam Ho Chi Minh)" Co thi la the.
Trinh Hoai DCPC cung khdng ngoai le.
Trong Ngwu tan ngw dich (Tilng sao chai d Ben Nghe), nhCpng hinh anh cua trang, hoa, tilng sao, khdi sdng... da td dilm cho phong canh dem thu them lung linh, huyen ao nhung tilng sao g i p gap da lam cho da ngudi nao nao. But phap cua dng cung bien hda nhu thdi cudc, khdn ludng. Canh va tinh dan xen nhau. Moi khung canh trong tha hp Trinh la mdt ndi nilm. Cung mugn canh ta tinh nhu-ng trong tha ong khdng thiy cd sy chia ly, ylu dull; hoac cai su-dt mu-dt. Dan gian bdi dd la tha cua mdt ngu-di "du manh" Dang mieu ta canh sic thien nhien, bit chgt, chung ta bit gap t h i cudc qua suy nghT cua nhan vat tru- tinh. Vi du, dilm xuylt cho bCpc tranh miia thu la hinh anh "tieu ha dilu can' (buong ein cau ea). Giu-a mudn van nhpc nhin, phCpc tap cua thdi cupe, edn gi thong tha, ung dung han canh du-gc ngdi budng cin cau ca giu-a khdi sdng nhat nhda. Din luc nay, con ngudi thi sT dang troi day manh me, tac gia nhy dang hda minh vdi thien nhien, canh vat.
Ong da biln mdi canh, moi vung que trong Gia Dinh tam thap canh d i u trd nen dep de va than thyang. Do ed the Id mpt canh dgi dd hay dem trang cau cd hoac ehi mot
LE TH! KIM UT - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG... 37
dem mya. Nhu-ng hinh anh gian dj, ddi thydng i y da di vdo tha Trjnh Hodi DCPC
mdt edeh ty nhien, khdng gugng ep, khudn miu. Thien nhien trong tha dng dep nhu bCpc tranh thuy mac, ed thuyin, cd sdng, ed may, ed trang... nhu-ng nd khdng ling md ddng bdi tilng vd ngya lam cho Idng khach xuyin xao. Hinh anh cua con dd le nim ngang hay mat trdi tCp tCp lan khuit, du cd ggi trong tam trang chung ta mpt cam gide nao nao nhyng khdng buon ba, diu hiu md cd nhu-ng net i m dp cua cudc sdng. Bdi ben cdi hung trdng: Ma tuc man yem thien ly trang {Chan ngwa dim xudng nwac mang trang khi di ngan dam) la cai tha mdng: True liem van quyIn nguyet song minh {Rem true miy cudn anh trang sang Igt vao song cwa). Cai tdi cua thi nhan Id d diy, dpc cau tha CCP man mac chit hodi eo nhung cung khdng kem phin hien dai. Hinh anh cua ea chep, qua, rem tre... cd mat trong bai tha da lam cho cau tha trd nen g i n gui, mdc mac, tao mpt cam gide binh yen cho chung ta.
Canh vat, con ngu-di nhu hda quyen cung nhau, ehl cin gd cCpa nhe nhp vd ven khe rem tre thi trang da ty theo vao. Trong tha ca, thien nhien Id de tdi khdng t h i ving mat vd khdng mdt thi nhan ndo khdng xem trang la ban. Trinh Hodi DCPC cung khdng Id ngoai le:
Thdn diem quy lai mdn thip khiu, True Hem vin quyin nguyet song minh.
{Tam djch: Quan trong thdn trd v l gd cua mydi tilng
Rem true may cuon trang eCra so sang).
0 day, cau tha "True liem van quyIn nguypt song minh" da Idm cho khdng gian bCpng sdng vd "thi hien tam hdn phdng
khoang, an nhien ty tai" cua ngudi vilt.
Dpc cau tha CCP lam ta nhd din hinh anh
"song thua de mac bdng trang vdo" trong Thu vinh cua Nguyen Khuyin. Ngudi vd trang khdng ein khach sao, khdng dgi mdi mpc, ea hai hilu nhau Id du. Da Id ban thi khdng ein nhilu Idi. Trang xuit hipn that dung luc. Trang tri am tri ky vdi thi nhdn la t h i , khiln ngudi dpc nhd tdi bai tha Ngim tring cua Hd Chi Minh trong Nhat ky trong tu:
Ngydi ngim trang soi ngoai cCpa so Trang nhdm khe cua ngim nhd tha.
Nghe thuat ude le eo dien khi ndi din rdng chilu thudng la phai di liln vdi mdu hoang hdn, vdi khdi bep u tjeh, vdi noi Idng sau thim eCia eon ngudi... hay nhu rang chieu trong tha Vuang Bdt la rang sa xuong (lac ha) lan din, chi edn thoi thdp. NghTa Id phai budn. Rang chilu trong tha Trinh Hoai DCPC khac hin. Nd rCpng rye nhudm trdi dit nhu-ng mau sic rye rd, cang diy
SCPC sdng. Tdm lai, Gia Dinh tam thap canh khdng thoat khdi cai ufoc le cua van ehuang eo. T h i nhung tdc gia da khdng rai vao sao mdn, cdng thCpc ma that sy phdng khoang, bCpt pha nen rit hien dai.
2.2. Gia Dinh tam thip canh vd tam trang cua Trinh Hcdi DCPC
2.2.1. GiaDjnh Id Tc qudc
Vdi Trinh Hoai DCPC, manh dit Gia Djnh khdng ehl Id que huang ma cdn Id To quoc. To quoc cua nhO-ng ngdy diu tien Bic Nam liln mdt dai sau hang tram nam phan tranh trd nen thieng lieng bilt miy.
Trinh Hodi DCPC nhin v l thanh vang Gia Djnh khdng ehl thiy ve dep hung trdng vdi hdng phdng tuyIn Idm bing dd go sCpng su-ng giu-a trdi Nam md edn vi:
38 LE TH! KIM UT - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG..
Gia Dinh kim thanh ap khiu phin (...) Cwu ngu long phi giai vwang khi, Tam thien hd bai true ky huan.
{Gia Djnh kim thanh).
{Tam dich: Thdnh vdng Gia Djnh trin dp khi cua giac gia (...)
Hdo CLPU ngu ring bay, them chue vu-gng khi
Ba nghin ho lay xay du-ng nen huan cdng la).
Thanh vang Gia Dinh Idi khen i y cung khdng ngoa bdi "Gia Dinh Id hung trin. Id bien thuy cdi Nam, nui sdng mudn dam, thien nhien hilm, dja Igi du, Idm phen giau cho nyde nhd" Thdnh du-gc xay kien ed bing dd ong "nhu hinh hoa sen, md ra tdm cu-a, cd tdm eon du-dng ngang dpc" {Dai Nam thwc luc, 2004, tap 1). Dac biet Id edi t h i ring bay da Idm tang them vu-gng khi cho thdnh, trin dp dygc sy xam lang cua ede t h i lye. Ring la lodi vat quy trong tam linh ngydi Viet, mang lai sy may min, thjnh vygng. Trong Gia Djnh kim thanh, ring khdng chi xuit hien md edn dang d t h i long phi (ring bay), tao nen mdt khi t h i tiln edng tam thien hd bai (ba nghin ho lay) cua dodn quan xung tran cam tu- nhu- thdi nhd Chu. Cau tha gieo vdo Idng ngydi dpc mdt nilm tin manh m§. Ldi tha hdo sang cua tdc gia hp Trinh nhic chung ta nhd v l Chiiu dai dd cua vj vua khai sang trilu Ly - ngudi da cd quylt djnh sdng suit khi ddi dd tCp miln d i t Hoa Lu- v l Thang Long (Hd Ndi) vi da nhin thiy cdi t h i ring bay hilm ed. Cd yeu manh d i t nay nhu rupt thjt mdi ed t h i ed duge nhu-ng cau tha thilt tha nhu- vay.
Trjnh Hodi DCPC Id mpt trong nhu-ng ngudi cd mat tCp ngdy khdi nghiep cua vua
Nguyin. Ong thiu hilu sy tdn khoc cua chiln tranh nen vd cung vui sydng khi dit nyde thing nhit mdt dai. Gian khd qua di, thanh qua hien hien tru-de mit, vdi ngudi trong cupe, cdi gi cung trd nen dang quy, ddng tran trpng. Dilu dd cung that d l hieu vi sao moi ten dit, ten lang trong ede sang tdc cua vj quan Thygng thu hp Trjnh trd nen than thudc nhy vay. Chi khi ndo hieu du-gc boi canh ljch su-, chung ta mdi cam dyge cdi tdi va cdi tam trong tha cua dng.
Luy CO Hoa Phong do tydng Nguyin Hu-u Canh lap d l phdng thu xam lygc du khdng edn, nhu-ng da d l lai d i u vit trong tha Trinh Hodi Ou-c vdi nhu-ng net dpp vd hung hon vd cung: miy viy thanh doanh trai, mwa rwa sach chiin hao (Vu tay khdng hdo xuit hpa ddn, Lap tCp ehi kim suu giao tho). Luy cd Hoa Phong vCpa mang ve dep cua nhu-ng chiln cdng, vCpa mang ve dpp vi Idng ngydi. Cupe sdng tygi dpp horn nay dyge b i t d i u tCp hdm qua vd chung ta khdng t h i quen ngu-di xu-a da md edi:
Lim ngoai Hoa Phong thuy ngoai thdn Twang quin tien khw luy do ton
{Tam dich: Luy Hoa Phong d ngodi ripng, trong thdn g i n me nu-dc,
Tydng quan da mit, luy v i n cdn).
Cd sy khac bipt giCi-a thdi dai cua dng vdi thdi dai chung ta khi vilt v l ddng sdng que hyang. Bdi trong Idng moi ngydi dan Nam Bd, ddng sdng que hu-ang thydng gin bo vdi tuoi tha em d i m cua buoi trua he tim mat, hay dem trdng thanh em a vdi nhu-ng cau ea vpng eo dac tryng cua vung que sdng nyde... Cdn vdi Cim dam phan phdi, tdc gia khdng dan thuin ehi ra edi khd cua Vung G i m md dng nhin hinh trdi t h i dit vdi mdt t i m mit chiln lu-gc ca v l qudn sy
LE THj KIM OT - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG... 39 vd kinh t l . Vdi Trinh Hodi DCPC, dd khdng
ehl Id sy quan sdt cua mdt ngu-di binh thudng md edn Id tdm t h i cua dng quan dang cang dang edng viec trilu chinh. Id suy nghT cua mpt vien quan Thugng thu Bp binh ve sau. Nhd tha hilu eon sdng cung bilt yeu qui, gin giu- d i t dai nhu eon ngydi, nd s i n sang biln thdnh cdng cu d l chiln d i u vd bao ve que huang. Trong Ijch SLP dan tdc ta, da cd nhu-ng ddng sdng lam nen huyin thoai: thdi Ly da vang len bdi tha Thin, khing djnh nIn dpc lap cua dan tdc Dai Vipt ben sdng Nhu Nguyet (sdng c i u ) ; dai thing qudn Han cua Ngd Vuang QuyIn vd sau ndy Id Trin Hung Dao tren sdng Bach Ding; dai pha quan Xiem cua anh hung do vai Quang Trung tren sdng Rpch Gim-Xodi MCit; khi phdeh anh dung cua Nguyin Trung Tryc tren ddng Nhat Tao... Dilu dd cdng tang them nilm tin ve con sdng Vung Gam, nd cung Id mpt hdp luy vu-ng chic. Dong thdi Vung Gim cung rot vdo nhu-ng eon muang dem nu-dc tydi cho ddng rudng, lam nen nhu-ng mua vdng bdi thu d vung dong bing Nam bp tru phu nay.
2.2.2. Gia Djnh tam thip canh vd phong thdi cua mpt hiln trilt
Tha d thdi dai Trinh Hodi DCPC vd trudc dd, ede tdc gia it khi ndi mdt edeh tryc dien md thudng td canh d l ngy tinh hay vjnh td d l bilu Id cam xuc bdi tha trung dai Id kilu thg "y tai ngdn ngopi", 6e khdng djnh tiing ndi cua minh. Chic hin Trinh Hodi DCPC
bilt rd c i n phai Idm gi d l nhu-ng dCpa con tinh thin khdng bj mai mpt.
Trinh Hpdi DCPC Idm quan to, duge Idng ca hai dng vua cha vd con nhyng dng cung bj khdng it sy ghen ghet, giem pha cua mpt
SP vd tu-dng cd cdng lao tran mac. Hp cho ring cd t h i tri nude bing hdnh dpng quan sy vd phdp luat hd khic, khdng cin d i n van hda vd dao ly, khdng hilu nhu Lye Gia
"ed t h i ngoi tren minh ngya ma liy duge nu-de, khdng t h i ngoi tren minh ngya ma tri nude" {Dai Nam nhit thing chi, 2006, tap 5). Trinh Hodi DCPC da cd luc ehdn nan djnh tCp quan d i n . Nhung nghT d i n trdeh nhiem dli vdi dan vdi nyde, phai lo sao xay dyng mdt nen van hda vd dao ly Idm ea sd tinh thin cho edng cudc xay dyng vd phat trien kinh te, Idm cho dan gidu nude manh, dng lai gae bd y djnh hydng nhdn. Chinh vi chu-a the 'ddm dau ndi chuypn i n nguon dao" nen dng phai liy
"tdi non d i n ng nude" Ong Idm viec gi cung hit Idng hit su-e, vua Minh Mang vd cung cam phyc: "Hodi DCPC tinh ngii-di thuin hau thdnh thyc, ed edng khd lau ngay (...), dng Id ngudi trung hiln, cit len Idm chCpc Idn, thudng cung bdn chinh sy, dng cd nhilu y kiln rit hay" {D^i Nam thwc /uc, 2004, tap 1).
Chinh vi khdng bj lung lay tam t h i tryde
SCPC ep cua mdt sd quan lai khac nen Trjnh Hoai Due ludn duge kinh trpng. Ong quan nhit phim ndy cung rit tai tinh trong doi nhan xu- t h i nen khdng bi nhd vua qud trdeh tiay xw tram... nhu mdt so quan tydng khdc cung thdi. Trinh Hodi Du-e ty can bing trang thdi tinh thin cua minh bing edeh tim v l vdi tha van. O dd, nhd tha khdng phai do dy hay din do, khdng phai tron chay tru-de con ngu-di that cua minh. Tdc gid cd t h i ty tai d l d l i dipn vdi ban than, giai bdy mdt edeh rd rdng mpi chuypn tring den cua cupe ddi, cua tdm ty, suy nghT rieng minh. Deng thdi Trinh Hpdi
DCPC cung cd edi cao ngao, ngang tdng cua
40 LE TH! KIM UT - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG...
nhd tha thdi xua Id khdng cCii dau trudc uy quyIn phong kiln, nhLPng day chua phai Id luc cd t h i nghT d i n rieng minh ma gat bd hit mpi chuyen. Trong loat bai tha Ndm lien hoan cam tac luc di SCP, tac gia hp Trjnh da vilt:
Me man cho din but la tien, Nim diu nam bai gia dang dien.
Vui sin trwac hoa vai dda cue, Lo chi trong dai mot ddng tien.
Lwu Linh va lai khdn tw chen,
Ly Bach vua keu ching xudng thuyin.
Hiu mudn hgc ddi theo thi iy.
Song lo thai thi hay chwa yen.
(Bai sd XVII).
Trinh Hoai DCPC tim v l ben ngwai ban Lwu Linh nhu bao ngydi mang tam trang khd giai bay khac de thoa chi tang bdng, cung mudn hpc ddi nhu thi tien Ly Bach, ching xuIng thuyin ngy chiu hiu. Nhung la ngu-di cd trach nhiem, dong thdi van "chu-a yen" vdi thdi t h i nen dng quan hp Trinh tilp tuc cong hien va phuc vu, tam bing long vdi cudc song hien tai.
Trong Gia Dinh tam thip canh, bai Ldc Dong tiiu ca (Tilng hat dng tiiu d Hd Nai) hien len hinh anh dng tiiu hat dan ca d mdt dja dilm xac djnh la Hd Nai. Tac gia mieu ta nilm vui lao ddng cua dng tiiu duge gCpi vao tilng hat hda nhjp vdi tilng riu chat cay, hda nhjp vdi tilng suoi chay vd quyen vdo dam may bay. Tilng hat mdc mac cung nhu- cudc song gian dj cua dng tiiu hda ddng vdi thien nhien trd nen hon nhien va chit phac. Cudc sdng khdng bgn chut mui phu hoa, danh Igi cua ngudi tieu phu dang de chung ta suy ngim. Chi cd tam hon thanh cao, khdng toan tinh mdi cd the thanh than nghT d i n chuyen hat hdn
nhien, nghT den may, den hac... ngay trong luc lao ddng met mdi nhu thi:
Phong phi tiiu phat bach ba ba Ldc ddng san trung suit tinh ca.
{Tam dich: Gid thoi tung mdi tdc tring phau phau cua dng tiiu.
Hat hon nhien trong nui d Ho Nai).
Dpc tha Nguyen Trai, chung ta cam phuc tam hdn hda minh vdi thien nhien, tCpng xem mai, hac la b i u ban, Id the tCp thi chung ta se cdng qui nhan vat dng tiiu trong Lpc ddng tiiu ca. Bdi tam hon cua Nguyen Trai la tam hdn cua mdt thi nhan.
Nguyin Trai xuc cam vd suy nghT theo kieu cua ngu-di nghe sT cung la dilu de hieu. Cdn d day la mpt lao tiiu phu tdc da tring phau, lai d nai san cung thuy tan, song d thdi dai gao chau cui qui, vay ma van cit tilng hat, v i n nghT d i n may, den sudi, d i n hac... qua la mpt dilu hilm thay, qua la mpt tam hon nghe sT. Nlu Trjnh Hoai DCPC khdng cd sy nhay cam, khdng cd tam hon nghe sT thi chung ta khd c6 bCpc hpa dep va nen tha v l lao tiiu phu dang kham phuc nhu t h i . Bilt dau, dd lai la bCpc phac hpa v l chan dung cua chinh tac gia vao mpt luc ndo diy trong cudc ddi ma dng chu-a tien ndi. Tac gia da mugn hinh tLpgng lao tiiu phu giai bdy hd Idng minh chang. Nha tha da viet that hay v l mpt con ngudi binh thudng nhung khdng tim thudng trong ldi song va suy nghT. 06 cd t h i chinh la tam sy thim kin ma tdc gia muon gCpi g i m d i n chung ta.
Ld ngudi uu thdi m i n t h i , ed nhu-ng luc met moi, chan chu-dng cho t h i cudc dao dien, Trinh Hodi Du'c cung tCpng cd y djnh quy i n . Nhung dng chipa cd dygc cdi dCpt khoat nhu- Nguyen Trai:
LE TH! KIM UT - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANHTRONG... 41
Diu but diu tien ai ke hdi dng nay da cd thu dng nay.
Trinh Hodi DCPC cung khdng ddnh Idng lam dng lao thong tha ngoi budng c i n true nhu Nguyen Khuyin md gae chuyen t h i sy sang mdt ben. Luc ndo dng cung dau dau trong Idng v l mdt hoai bao la lam sao tao lap nIn van tri on djnh, xay dyng mdt dit nude tot dep han. Nlu chu-a thyc thi duge thi hay tim each khac vay.
Trong tha van Trinh Hodi DCPC, da han mdt iin dng vilt v l loai sen cao quy. Mdt loai cay sdng "gin bun ma ching hdi tanh mui bun" v i n vyan len khoe sic huang giu-a cudc ddi. Hinh anh trong sang, thanh cao cua "mim sen song rit lau" chinh la sy ky thde ly tu-dng vd tam hdn cua nhd tha.
Ong khdng ty ndi minh cd edng chdng tuylt che suang CCPU giup cho ddi ma chi dem edng phu hdm dudng, mang Igi ich cho mpi ngudi trong ITnh vye hpc vin vd dao dCpc. Vdi dng, lam quan Idn hay nhd, phu trach cdng viec Diln Tuin hay chju trdeh nhiem d Bd Lai hoac Bd Binh... dng d i u the hipn rd phim each cua bac hiln trilt, cua bac chinh nhan quan tu. Trinh Hoai DCPC da tCpng ndi, viec sang tac tha vdn Id do yeu thich va nhan ICie nhdn rdi,
"ehCp khdng dam gpi Id trudc tac dau" {Dai Nam thwc ILJC, 2004, tap 1). Cho nen tha dng khdng phai la nhu-ng Idi giao huin dpm mdu sic Nho giao nhung chung i n chCpa nhu-ng bdi hpc xu t h i ve each Idm ngydi, v l nhan nghTa, dao ly d ddi.
Tac gia mu-gn hinh anh hoa sen, chim le le de bdy td tdm trang minh. Sen khdng ehl dep, cao quy ma cdn bilt ehpn ban thanh mai true ma. Hinh tugng thanh thoat cua sen sdng ddi cung chim le le Id d l tai quen thudc trong van hpc trung dai. Chim le diu
khdng cao sang nhu- chim phugng, chim oanh nhung cung cd gia tri rieng. Nd cung bilt 1dm dpp vd giu- gin than vdng ngpe, bilt nep nhd vdp nhu-ng chile Ipng sen xanh mat. Ngay mdi canh chao lieng d l tim thCpc an, dem v l ehpn mpt khdng gian binh yen de nghi ngai, dim sen Id chin nuang nhd an toan. Bdi ngay ca cd gai hdi sen cdn khdng nd khua ddng ma phai chd
"cyu minh do dai true lai trilu" (Hen cu cdn chd nude trilu len). Chim le that bilt ehpn dit Idnh ma diu\ O phu-ang Nam, chim chdc, cay trai nhilu vd k l va chim le la loai chim quen thudc. Loai thuy au dd kit hgp vdi hoa sen, mpt loai cay khdng t h i thilu nude, nhin v l mat ty nhien Id rit phu hgp vi trong tranh tCp binh v i n thudng thiy hinh anh ap lien (con vjt nude vd hoa sen), dd la sy kit hgp thu vj. 0 Lien chiiu mien iu, spn cung le le dCpng canh nhau, bo khuylt, lam dep nhau han, cang gay sy chu y cho mpi ngudi. Bai tha tao diu i n dam net v l con ngudi cua nha tha, mdt nha hien trilt cua mudn dan.
d bai Liu vien giac Hep (San bin d vu-dn triu), khdng phai ngiu nhien ma nhd tha vilt v l edng viec di san, dng muon khing djnh mdt dieu ring, lam viec gi cung phai suy nghT trudc sau, phai cd Idng hilu sinh.
Tao hda da ban cho thien nhien vung dit nay nhu-ng san vat quy hilm, con ngudi phai bilt giu- gin va bao ve nd. Bai tha da t h i hipn nhan each song cua ngudi di san:
nam con heo rCpng dye chay din, ehl bin mpt phat ten, khdng nd gilt hit ca nam con; ehl bao vay cd ba mat, de chCpa met mat cho chim bay thoat. Ong khdng dung tu ngu khoa tryang la tha mang hay CLPU
song nhyng chi vdi "cung sa thi" (thoat tien thCp bin) da the hien rit rd quan niem
42 LETHjKIMUT - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG...
cua tac gia. Ngydi di san ehi thoat thuFban thdi va di san ma cdn cd thdi gian tan g i u vdi ban tam phuc thi cudc di san nay khdng phai chu y d l gilt thu rCpng. Tac gia da ggi y d i n chinh sach nhan tCp doi vdi dan chung vd khoan hong vdi ke djch bilt hii cai trong bdi Liu vien giac Hep:
Ngu ba nhit phat cung sa thi, Thip diiu tam khu gia sa hoan.
Nhwac vin cdng hiu tim phuc 10, Ung th ti ti tai lim san.
{Tam dich: Thoat tien thCp bin mdt phdt vdo nam con heo dye chay tdi,
Bao vay ba mat mu-di con chim roi lien quay ngya trd lai.
Nlu ngydi ban tam phuc hdi chuyen edng hiu,
Thi nen biet phai nhan dao d ehdn nui rCpng).
Mdt ngudi khdng ddnh Idng be mdt ednh hoa md ehl ddnh d l thudng edi xuan ty nhien thi quan niem trong viec di san nhy t h i khdng ed gi khd hilu. Dd cd t h i xem nhy Idi tam tinh cua nhd tha v l each Idm ngydi d ddi. Cudc ddi cua Trjnh Hodi DCPC
cd t h i xem Id cupe ddi cua mpt bac hiln trilt vd nhan each song cua dng that dep bilt bap!
Trjnh Hodi DCPC Id mdt nhd tha mang diy tam trang vd vd cung nhay cam tru-de thien nhien, canh vat. Nlu Ngd Thi ST, Phan Huy Ich da tCpng ta canh bien gidi phia Bic, dja d i u To quoc, thi Trinh Hodi
DCPC cung ta canh bien gidi phia Tay nai tan cung cua To qudc giap vdi Mien, vdi hai tha bien tdi. Bdi tha khdng ggi canh chia ly hoac dung Idi tryc tilp ndi d i n ndi buon nhung gipng dieu chit ehCpa diy tam trang. Hinh anh cua bao kiim hoanh
swang da khi xung (Gu-am bdu ngang trdi syang khi dem xong), ddn linh thu, ai nhan, cCpa quan ggi nhic den khung canh miln bien gidi, nai nhu-ng ngu-di linh ngay dem Idm nhiem vy canh giu- sy yen binh cho d i t nyde. Mpt i i n nu-a nhd tha ho Trinh khing djnh tinh cam dac bipt cua ban than vdi nh&ng ngydi linh. Canh don thu d Tan Chau hien len diy thi vj vdi tilng trong rdn vang Idm lay ddng ca ving trang tren thdnh nui.
Cd mdt dilu thu vj, mya duge Trjnh Hoai
DCPC nhic d i n kha nhilu trong thg dng nhu-:
Hoa Phong cd luy, Chu tho sCr vin (Dit Do bCpa trong may), Binh Thuy quy pham (Binh Thuy budm vl), Tic Khai qua diin (Rupng dya d Tic Khai)... nhyng Mwa dem a My Tho Id dpc ddo nhit. Qua Id thich mu-a, ngim mya vd hilu mua nhy nhd thg Trjnh Hodi DLPC khdng phai ed nhilu ngudi. Ma lai Id mya dem thi nd edng dae bipt hgn. Wy
Tho d^ vu da tao thdnh mdt sic thdi rieng la vi t h i .
3. K 6 T L U A N
Viec phan chia Gia Djnh tam thip canh theo cac ndi dung nhy da trinh bdy tren day ehl mang tinh tygng doi d l cd ca sd tim hieu mpt each thiu ddo vd chi tilt han v l nhu-ng bdi tha vjnh canh cua tdc gia.
Gia Dinh tam thip canh ed vj tri vd y nghTa quan trpng trong tryde tdc cua Trjnh Hoai
DCPC. Nd giup chung ta ed edi nhin mdi v4 nhCi-ng sdng tdc cua nhd thg. Gia Djnh tam thip canh da dyng lai khd ehi tilt nhu-ng phong canh, cudc song vd tam trang cua ngydi c i m but Dong thdi, cung vdi Ha Tien thip vinh, Bat canh Tay Hd... Gia Dinh tam thip canh nghiem nhien hgp thdnh hp thong v l de tdi que hygng, dit
L E TH! KIM O T - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG... 43
nude trong t h a ca trung dai, gdp p h i n lam hdi hda giu-a nhu-ng tdc pham cua hai vung van hoc Nam-Bie Hd. •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bui Duy Tan. 2005. Theo ddng khao luan van hgc trung dai Viet Nam. Ha Ndi: Nxb.
Dpi hpc Quoc gia.
2. Bui DCPC Tinh. 2005. Lwgc khao ijch sw van hgc Viet Nam tw khai thuy din cuoi thi kyXX. TPHCM: Nxb. Van nghe.
3. Bui Vdn Nguyen, Ha Minh DCPC. 2006. Tha ca Viet Nam, hinh thwc va thi loai (Tai ban).
Hd Ndi: Nxb. Dai hpc QuIc gia.
4. Duang Quang Hdm. 2002. Viet Nam van hgc sw yiu. Ha Ndi: Nxb. Hpi Nhd van.
5. Dai Nam chinh bien Het truyen. 1993. Tap 1. H u l : Nxb. Thuan Hda.
6. D^i Nam nhit thing chi. 2006. Tpp 5. H u l : Nxb. Thuan Hda.
7. Dai Nam thwc luc. 2004. Tap 1. Ha Npi:
Nxb. Gido dye.
8. Dang Thanh Le. 1990. Van hgc Viet Nam nwa cuoi thi ky XVIII din nOa diu thi ky XIX.
Hd Ndi: Nxb. Gido due.
9. Dean Anh Loan. 2003. Diin c6 va ngh$
thuat sw dung diin cd. TPHCM: Nxb. Dai hpc Qudc gia.
10. Do Thj My Phuang. 2006. So sanh tha di sw cua Le Quang Dinh va tha di sw cua Nguyen Du. Luan van thac sT. Ha Ndi:
Trudng Dpi hpc S u pham.
11. Gurevic. A. Ja. 1996. Cac ph^m tru van hda trung c6 (Hodng Ngpe Hiln djch). Ha Ndi: Nxb. Gido dye.
12. Hodi Anh (Bien djch). 2003. Gia Djnh tam gia.
Ding Nai: Nxb. Tong hgp Ding Nai.
13. HOi Khoa hpc Ljch s u Thdnh pho Ho Chi Minh. 2002. Nam Bg dit va ngwai. TPHCM:
Nxb. Tre.
14. Huynh Cdng Tin. 2006. Cam nhin ban sac Nam Bd. Nxb. Van hda Thdng tin.
15. Huynh Ly (Chu bien). 1978. Hgp tuyin tha van Viet Nam. Tap 3. Hd Ndi: Nxb. Vdn hpc.
16. Huynh Minh. 2001. Gia Djnh xwa. Ha Npi:
Nxb. Thanh nien.
17. T r i n Bach D i n g . 2005. Ke sT Gia Djnh.
Hd Npi: Nxb. Quan dpi Nhan dan.
18. La Nham Thin. 1993. Tha Norn Dwang luat (tLP QuIc am thi tap cua Nguyen Trai d i n tha H i Xuan Huang). Luan an Phd tiln sT khoa Ngu- van. Ha Ndi: Trudng Dai hpc Su pham.
19. Lai Nguyen An. 2004. 150 thuat ngw van hgc.
Ha Npi: Nxb. Dai hpc QuIc gia.
20. Le Nguyen. 2004. Xa hdi Dai Viet qua but ky cua ngwai nwac ngoai. TPHCM: Nxb.
Van nghe.
21. Li Tana. 1999. Xw Ding trong ljch sw kinh ti-xa hgi Viet Nam the ky XVII va XVIII.
TPHCM: Nxb. Tre.
22. Lixevic. I. X. 2000. Tw twang vin hgc ci Trung Qudc (Trin Dinh SCP djch). Ha Npi:
Nxb. Giao dye.
23. Ljch sw vin hgc Viet Nam. 1980. Tap 1.
Ha Npi: Nxb. Khoa hpc Xa hdi.
24. Luu Hipp. 1999. Van tim dieu long (Phan Ngpe djch). Hd Ndi: Nxb. Van hpc.
25. Luang Duy ThCp. 2005. Thi phap tha Duang.
Ha Npi: Nxb. Dai hpc Su pham.
26. Nguyen C i m Thuy (Chu bien). 2000.
Djnh cw cua ngwai Hoa tren dit Nam Bg tw thi ky XVII din nim 1945. Ha Ndi: Nxb.
Khoa hpc Xa hdi.
27. Nguyin Dang Na. 2006. Con dwang giai mi vin hgc trung dai. Hd Ndi: Nxb. Gido dye.
28. Nguyen Ldc. 1990. Van hgc Viet Nam nwa eudi thi ky XVIII din nwa diu thi ky XIX.
Hd Ndi: Nxb. Gido due.
44 LE TH! KIM U T - GIA DINH THAP TAM CANH TRONG..
29. Nguyen Pham Hung. 2001. Hanh thnh van hgc trung dai. Ha Npi: Nxb. Dai hpc Quoc gia.
30. Nguyin Khic Phi. 2006. Tuyin tap. Ha Npi: Nxb. Giao due.
31. Nguyen Thi Thanh Xuan (ChCi bien).
1987. Sai Gdn-Gia Dinh qua tha van xwa.
TPHCM: Nxb. TPHCM.
32. Nguyin Q. Thing. 1998. Tien thnh van nghe miin Nam (Tai ban). Ha Ndi: Nxb. Van hpc.
33. Nguyin Q. Thing. 2005. Van nghe miin Nam. Ha Npi: Nxb. Van hda Thdng tin.
34. Phan Khoang. 2001. Viet sw xw Dang Trong 1558-1777. Ha Npi: Nxb. Van hpc.
35. Phan Ngpe Lien. Ljch sw nha Nguyin mot each tiip can mai. Ha Npi: Nxb. Dai hpc Su pham.
36. Phuang Lyu. 2006. Tuyin tap. Tap 1.
Ha Npi: Nxb. Giao due.
37. Qudc SLP quan t n l u Nguyen. 1998. Qudc thiu chinh bien toatyiu. Hue: Nxb. Thuan Hoa.
38. San Nam. 1997 Ca tinh miin Nam.
TPHCM: Nxb. Tre.
39. San Nam. 2004. Dit Gia Dinh-Ben Nghe xwa va nguai Gai Gon. TPHCM: Nxb. Tre.
40. T r i n Nho Thin. 2003. Vin hgc trung dai dwai goc nhin van hda. Ha Ndi: Nxb. Giao due.
41. Tran Trpng Kim. 1999. Viet Nam swiuoc (Tai ban). Ha Npi: Nxb. Van hda Thdng tin
42. T r i n Van Giau. 1983. Trong ddng chu Iwu cua van hgc Viet Nam tw twang yeu nwac. TPHCM: Nxb. Van nghe.
43. Tw diin thuat ngw van hgc. 2006. Ha Ngi:
Nxb. Giao due.
44. Trjnh Hoai DLPC. 2003. Gia Dinh thanh thong chi (Ly Viet Dung bien djch). Dong Nai:
Nxb. T i n g hgp Dong Nai.
45. Trjnh Van Thanh. 1966. Thanh ngw diin tich danh nhan tw diin. Nxb. Gia Djnh.
46. Van hgc Viet Nam tren chang duung chdng phong kiin Trung Qudc xam luuc.
1981. Ha Npi: Nxb. Khoa hpc Xa hpi.
47. Vuang Hong Sen. 2004. Sai Gdn nam xwa. Ddng Nai: Nxb. Tdng hgp Ddng Nai.
48. Vuang Hdng Sin. 1993. Tw vi tiing Viet miin Nam. Ha Ndi: Nxb. Van hda.