van ah kinh d o a n h du lich tyi r j c J i ^ ton ffiao...
49
VAN DE KINH DOANH DU LICH TAI CAC DIEM TON GIAO, TIN NGITONG
k
0 | t van de
Tir tmdc din nay ngudi ta vin thiy dupc the mgnh ciia cic dilm tdn giio, tin ngudng trong kinh doanh du ljch. Cac dilm nay ludn tieu bieu eho gii trj vin hda ciia mpt qudc gia, dan tpc nen cd siic hip din tu nhien ddi vdi du khach tir noi khic din. Cdn ddi vdi ngudi dan trong viing, dd la noi hp thudng xuyen lui ten cho nhimg ude vpng vl ddi sdng tinh thin, Khi cupc song ciia con ngudi ngiy cing dl eao cac gia trj tinh thin thi vifc di thim vieng cic cdng trinh tdn giio, tin ngudng di thudng ngogn canh quan thanh binh, .xa rdi the tyc, tham gia vao cic hogt dpng tai diy nhu nghe giing kinh phap. ipa thiin, in chay lam tu thifn... dang trd thinh mpt xu hudng cua cupc song hifn dgi. Hogt dpng "du Ijch tam Imh" tir dd ra ddi vdi y nghia giup du khach: "thim vieng trii tim va tam tri ciia nhitng bgc hien trill" (cuu tdng thdng An Dp fen sy A. P. J Abdul Kalam), hudng con ngudi tdi thifn tim.
Tuy nhien, cimg vdi su tham gia cua hogt dpng du Ijch tgi cic cdng trinh tdn giio tin ngudng li qui trinh thuong mgi hda cie gii tri tam Imh. dan den nhilu miu thuin npi tai Do la mau thuin giita nhitng ngudi tham gia vio hogt ddng tgi cic dilm tdn giio tin ngudng khi myc dich cua hp khdng ddng nhat. Dd li miu thuan vl vifc sir dyng va dip ling cac djch vy cho du khach. Dd li mau thuin ve chi phi va ddng gdp cho cic cdng tac niy sinh khi cd hogt dpng du ljch. Day li nhitng van de lieu bilu nhit mi khi xem xet ' Ths. Khoa Vif i Nam hoc •
Npi, Dgi hpc Su phgm Hi
Bang Thi Phucmg Anh*
khai thac bit cir mpt dilm tdn giio, lin ngudng nio phyc vu hogt dpng du ljch cin quan tam giii quyit.
Vift Nam la quoc gia cd tilm ning du lich tim linh rat Idn vdi hf thdng cic dinh, din, chiia, mieu, quan. ling... dpc theo chilu dii eua dat nudc, rpng cimg 54 din tpc anh em vi sau trong bdn ngin nim Ijch sii, Cac nhi kinh doanh du ljch cung dang timg bude kham phi va khai thic cic gia in nay vdi mpt so edng trinh mdi cd quy md nhu khu Bii Dinh Tring An (Ninh Binh), khu Dgi Nam Qudc Tu (Binh Duong), cdng vien Tim Linh (Da Ning), Di VifC kinh doanh du Ijch tgi ci cic edng trinh cu vi mdi di diing hudng, bai vilt dl cgp din mpt sd vin di vudng mic tren dl cac nhi quy hogch, quin ly cd dupc cai nhin chiln lupc trong timg bude phat triln logi hinh du Ijch niy d nudc ta.
1. Vin de mau thuan giiia nhirng ngirdi tham gia vao boat dpng du l|ch tgi diim ton giao, tin nguidng
Mau thuin niy thudng nay sinh khi cd sy trii ngupc vl myc dich vi quyln lpi gi(Ja nhihig con ngudi tham gia vio hogt dpng du Ijeh tgi cic diim niy.
Thir nhit. la miu thuin khdng chi d cic diem tdn giio, lin ngudng ma edn ed thl gip d bat cii diem du ljch mdi khai thic nio, la giiia du khach vi din dja phuong. Sy xult hifn d gl cua nhimg ngudi lii noi khac din vio mpt ihdi d.em lam thay ddi biu khdng khi vi nhjp difu smh hogt hing ngay ciia ngudi din dja phuong, Sau dd nhihig du khach nay cung di
5 0 S 6 3 - 2012: PI S A N . D U I j C H VA P H A T T R I I N
lgi nhitng hf qui ma dja phuong khdng mong mudn nhu d nhilm mdi tnidng tir x i thai, bien ddi tap quin va cie gia tri van hda tir hanh vi,... Hom nira, nhu mpt vin de tim ly, vifc chia se dire tin, chia se "thin hp mfnh" eiia minh cho nhung ddi t u ^ g khic nhau khien ngudi dan bin dja khdng cim thay hai Idng trong vifc tiep ddn du khach. Trong mpt sd tmdng hpp. hp chi coi du khich nhu nhiing ngudi mang din mdt phin Ipi ich kinh te cho hp trong vifc kinh doanh mpt sd djch vy m i du khich cin tgi diem. Neu eae hogt dpng nay tu phat v i vdi thii dp chii quan ciia dan dja phuong se din tdi linh trgng "cheo keo", "chit chem" du khich. Dieu niy lim cho hinh inh dja phuong trong con mil khich du Ijch cing trd nen tdi tf hon.
De giai quyit van d l niy, cin xac djnh rd vai trd eua dan dja phuomg Irong vifc xay dyng vin hda irng xii lgi diim du ljch. Hp l i ngudi chii duy nhat eiia cac di sin tren dja bin cua hp. trong dd cd cae cdng trinh tin ngudng tim linh. Bdi vay can trao quyln lam chii eho hp trong mpi hogt dpng. trong dd ed hogt dpng kinh doanh du Ijeh theo eic bude sau:
Y kien v i quan diem cua ngudi dan dja phuong ein dupc tham khio trong y tudng quy hogch du ljch d bit cut di sin nio. Die bift nhgy cim doi vdi cie cdng trinh ldn giio, tin ngudng, bdi niu khdng cd su tham van y kien dja phuong, ddi khi du i n vi phgm vio nhitng dilu cim ky va mii mii khdng thi thuc hifn dupc trong su phan ddi quyit lift ciia toin bp din trong vimg.
- Ngudi dan dja phuomg cin dupc tham gia vio timg lp trinh cung nhu mpi hogt dpng ciia dy i n quy hogch du ljch. Mpi co hpi lao dpng lir dy in phai ludn uu tien ngudi din ban dja:
tir quin ly, giam sit; hudng dan, thuyit minh den nhimg don vj cung cip djch v u bin le. Lpi nhugn thu dupc lir du Ijeh cung ein ed su phan chia binh ding cho su tham gia cua chinh quyen dja phuomg.
De ngudi dan dja phuong thay dupc vai trd, trach nhifm va Igri ich eua hp, song song vdi vifc thuc hifn dy an l i md cae Idp giio dye ve kien thiirc, dao tgo, huan luyfn v l kj7 ning, Tirng ngudi dan phai thay dupc hp cd the phat huy kha ning ciia hp trong ITnh vyc gi de ding ky va qua sit bgch vdi ban quan ly dy an. Dieu quan trpng nhat la timg ngudi din phii nhgn thire dupc vdn tai san tinh than vd gia m i hp dang nim giit de trd thanh ngudi truyin b i , ngudi din dit du khach tdi chan gia trj ciia dire tin nhu myc dich hp mong mudn den day.
Thir hai, mpt mau thuan chi nay sinh tgi cic diem tdn giao, tin ngudng la giu'a cic tin do va nhitng du khach phi Idn giao. Tmdc day chua la noi dinh eho eae tin dd Phgt giio in chay, nifm Phgt. Ddng dao nhit la vio djp l l hpi khi cae Phgt tur thgp phucmg hanh huong v i day Ihi hifn sy thanh tam vdi dire Phgt. Ngiy nay, khi du Ijch tam linh phat triin, du khich din day khdng ehi vdi myc dich thd ty, ddi khi hp den chi de tim hieu ve kiin true, thudng ngogn phong canh, thinh kinh phap hay ngdi thien, in chay... nhu mpt su trai nghifm nhung diiu mdi Ig va danh khoing thdi gian tTnh tgi cho tim hon. Khdng din vdi myc dich chinh, ddi khi hp bj cac tin dd coi nhu nhitng kd quay rdi, gay philn ha, lam inh hudng din biu khdng khi thanh tjnh ciia thl gidi lam linh. D i giai quyet van de niy, ban quin ly dy an quy hogch du Ijch cin keu gpi tinh thin ty nguyfn tham gia vio hogt dpng kinh doanh du ljch ciia cic tin do, die bift trong vifc hudng dan, thuyit minh. Sy trai Idng minh vdi du khich eung ehinh la con dudng hifu qua nhit giiip du khich giac ngp cac chan ly ciia dire tin m i hp theo dudi. Mau thuin si trd nen nghiem trpng vdi nhitng du khach v i tin dd ciia nhitng tdn giao von doi lgp v i ky Ihj nhau hoic lpi dyng tdn giao cho myc dich ehinh trj, Tuy nhien, eii thifn cin m i bit cii tdn giio nio cung hudng din thi hifn trong hinh vi irng xd ciia cic tin
-I (
v a n d 4 k i n h d o a n h d u l i c h t ^ i r ^ c d i l m t o n g i a o . . .
dd vdi du khach se la bifn phap tdt n h l l d l hda g i i i dieu niy.
Van de mau thuin giiia con ngudi vdi nhau luon khd phin djnh v i giai quylt trong b i t c i i Imh vuc ddi sdng xa hpi nao. Nhung trong kmh doanh du ljch khi sire h i p d i n dupc tao ra bdi chinh hanh vi cua eon ngudi tgi noi ddn tiep, thi VifC g i i i quyit dupc v i n d l nay d i trd thanh yeu to cdt Idi d l thu hiit ngav c i n g ddng du khach den day.
2. V i n de dap ung cac djch vu du ljch tai diem ton giao, tin ngu&ng
Khich du Ijch ngiy nay d i n cac d i i m tdn giao, tin ngudng khdng chi don thuin vdi myc
^dich thd ty hay lim h i l u mpt net k i i n triic van hoa, nghe ke v l mpt huyln thoai g i n vdi di tich m i can cd su trai nghifm thuc t l tgi d i l m De CO dupc su trai nghifm n i y c i n su hd trp eua cac djch vy bd sung. D l sy hd trp n i y Ird nen ehu dao, b i i ban v i l i m h i i Idng du khach can mpt su quy hogch ddng bp.
D i u lien v i quan trpng nhit d l tao I n tupng tdt dfp vdi du khich l i khu vyc t i i p don. Khu vue n i y bao gdm d i y du cac djch vu nhu:
c h l mau d i u l n nay sinh va tang cudng su hpp t i c giira hp.
- Dudng vao rpng r i i , thuan t i f n , cd phin lan cho timg logi xe eo gidi. cd b i i n chi d i n rd rang, de hieu.
B i i dd xe du rpng vdi su phan logi cic phuong tifn nhu d td Idn, nhd, xe miy,... dam bao an ninh.
Tmng tam thdng tin tgi cdng la noi ban ve lham quan cung nhu cung d p t i i l i f u thdng tin, Uiuylt minh vien, phuong tifn, phuc' irang va nhitng yeu c i u phii tuin thu tgi d i l m ,
- Ldi v i o dupc sip .xip quy cu. (rat tu se lam t i n g linh linh thieng cho d i i m Idn g i i o Mpt so noi phin chia du khach thanh 2 l i n - mpt l i n cho khich du Ijch theo doin va mpt l i n cho khich le (da phin l i cic tin do) se hgn
Trong khudn vien ciia cdng trinh, c i n phan djnh rd khu vuc nguyen ban - khu vyc tuyft doi khdng cd su tham gia ciia cae cdng frinh xay moi, phuc vy cho viec bao tdn - v i khu vyc djch vu du ljch. Tgi cac khu vyc nay, c i n xay dung c i c nha chd phyc vu dd i n , thiic udng, n h i ve sinh. q u i y b i n dd luu n i f m . die san dia phuong. 6 mdt sd d i l r i i , c i c nha cung ung quy hogch mdt khu vyc ngoii trdi hoJc xay dung mpt hdi trudng ldn danh cho cac sinh hogt cdng ddng tdn giao hay tin ngudng, la noi ggp mgt ciia cac lin do vdi du khich la diem Id chiic eic hogt dpng t i m linh cho'du khach nhu nghe giing kinh phip. tpa thiin hay hpc l i m v i thudng thiic cac d6 i n chay,,,
C i c hogt dpng n i y ngiy nay d i trd thanh cac hogt dpng chinh trong cic chuong trinh du hch den cie d i l m tin ngudng tam linh, Phat smh tir nhq cau cua du khich, khdng chi mong mudn kham p h i cic gia tri v l mdi trudng ty nhien va v i n hda nhan v i n ma cdn mong mudn chgm tdi su cam hda cua diic tin thdng qua cac khda tu. cac bai i h i l n , cdng tac lir thifn vdi tre md edi. ngudi t i n tgt,,, Tir dd ma mpt sd chuong trinh va logi hinh du lich dJc trung ra ddi nhu logi hinh du ljch T h i i n chuong trinh cac khda tu miia he danh cho thanh Ihieu nien hien nay d i dupc t r i l n khai d Thien V i f n Tnic U m Tay Thien (VTnh Phiie) ehua Hoing Phip (thinh phd Hd Chi Minh) ehiia Phudc Long (Binh Djnh),.,
Ben cgnh dd. d i cac sin phim du Ijch khai thac cac g i i tri tin ngudng t i m linh thuc su mang Igi hifu q u i c i n su quan tam quy hogch vimg d f m . Dd la khu vuc xung quanh noi cung cap CO sd luu tru, n h i hing, tram trung chuyen phuong lien van chuyin, co sd v t l trgm .xing d i u , cic cua hang va dgi ly'bin"
le,.. V i f c dap umg dupc d i y du cac djch vy nay ein su phdi hpp nhjp nhing va ddng bp
L i i L
52 S<53-2012:DlsAN.DUgCH VA PHAT TRI^N
trong xiy dyng co sd hg ling, co sd vil chit ky thugt du ljch lit chinh quyin din dja phuong, tir nhi quan 1\ din timg don vj kinh doanh du Ijch.
3. Van de chi phi cho cdng tac quan ly tai diem tdn giao, tin ngirong
Hogt dpng du Ijch se keo Iheo cae van di phit sinh nhu sy xudng cip cua di lieh. d nhiem mdi tmdng bdi su .xi Ihii vi tiing dn do du khich giy ra, sy phi hogi do sy thiiu y thiic eiia du khich nhu viii, ve bgy. sd tay hay lly trpm, in elp di vgt chi dl lam mpt mdn dd luu nifm. Thgm ehi vifc du khach in m i c img xii khdng dung vdi phep tic trong khdng gian linh thieng cua edng trinh tim linh cung dupc coi li mpt inh hudng xiu tdi canh quan cua diem. Bdi vgy, vin di dJt ra la phii quan Iv de hgn ehi den mirc thip nhll nhirng lac dpng lieu cyc do du ljch mang Igi.
Tmdc lien, can su nhgn djnh rd rang vl quan diem. Ddi vdi nhitng xudng elp do ip lue cua tu nhien nhu thdi gian. biin ddi mdi tmdng hay nhiing ip lyc cd thi ludng tmdc dupc do sy ting len eua sd lupng du khich cin mpt chiin lupc quin Iv dii hgn. Cdn ddi vdi nhitng van di ed thi kiim soit dupc nhu hinh vi cua du khach cin nhirng bifn phip quin ly kjp thdi.
Tuy nhien tit ci cac hogt dpng quin ly nay cin nhitng ehi phi khdng nhd. Thdng thudng phin ldn Ipi nhugn thu dupc tir cac djch vy tryc tiip tgi diem "chay" vao "tiii" ciia eic nha kinh doanh nhd le thiic thdi. Chi mpt phin thue hp chi tri la phyc vy cho cic hogt ddng ehung cua diem va eua dja phuong. Cdn cac khoan thu khic tii ve tham quan hay su quyen gdp ciia du khach khdng dang ki so vdi chi phi quan ly, dJc bift li chi phi cho edng tic bao tdn va nang d p di tieh djnh ky. Bdi vgy, van de d$t ra la can xay dyng mdi quan hf ddi tic giita ban quan ly tai nguyen vdi eic nha cung ling djch vy. Cac nhi quin ly du Ijch tgi diem can dupe trao quyln tuyin ehpn nhitng nha eung ung djch vy cho minh Iheo hinh thiic diu thiu, ma don vj cd ki hogch ddng gdp Ipi ich cho vifc bio ton dupc uu tien. Cic nha eung irng djch vy cung cin nhgn Ihirc rd quan diem phat triin bin vitng. Dd la cin su diu tu Igi cho vifc phyc hdi di sin vi quan ly cic hanh vi phi hiiy tai nguyen di duy tri sire hap dan lau dii eho diim du ljch, Moi quan hf niy can dupc xay dung theo md hinh diu vio - diu ra trong sin xult san phim. Trong dd, dau vao la cac djch vy dupc eung d p di thda min nhu ciu du khach. Tit ca dupc vgn hinh theo quy trinh va nguyen tie do bp may quin ly du Ijch tgi diim dl ra di cho ra ddi cac sin phim du Ijch hoan hao.
•SLTC hap din cua lin ngirfrng
Djchvg liru Im, fin u6ng
Uichvuvinchuvin
Dich vg bd sung
Hoat d9ng quan Iy du Ijch lai diem ton gi^o, tin ngu-&ng
,San p h ^ (lu lich
v i n 6i kinh doanh du Ijch t^i cac dilm ton fliio..
53
Lpi tiic tir hogt dpng du ljch tgi dilm se dupc bp miy quin ly niy phan phdi binh ding cho cae ben lien quan nhu di thda thugn. Mpt phan dupc giii Igi dim bio eho hoat dpng quan 1yd cae hgng myc:
- Chi phi lau dai cho bio tdn va khdi phyc disin.
- Chi phi cho vifc giai quylt cie vin dl phit sinh Igi dilm.
- Chi phi eho cae chiin djch quing ba ldn.
- Cic chi phi khic.
Bdi vgy di hogt dpng du ljch tgi dilm cd hif u qui. khdng phit sinh mau thuin vl quyln ld> giiia eic ben tham gia d n mpt bp may Jquan ly cd trach nhifm va nim vimg quan
diem ciia phat trien bin vihig:
- Bio Vf mdi tmdng.
- Khai thic tdi uu cac gii trj kinh ti, Phan chia binh ding vdi cae ben lien quan,
Ket lu^n
Day li nhitng vin dl lieu bilu nhll trong qua trinh khai thac mdt dilm tdn giio, tin ngudng phyc vy kinh doanh du ljch. Dl nhihig diem tdn giio, tin ngudng khdng "ngu yen" trong nhihig gii trj mi Ijch sir mang Igi eho nd, can trao cho nd mpt siic song duong
dgi. Slie sdng dd dupc mang lgi boi hogt dpng du ljch. Nhung di dam bao cho hogt dpng du ljch dien ra cd hifu qua, khdng lam ton hai den nhihig gi mi qua khii dl lgi khdng khoi ngudn cho nhihig mau diuIn xi hpi, can mpt tim nhin chien lupe tiong edng tic quan ly. Bai vilt dua ra mpt sd hudng giai quyet cho nhimg vin di cy thl thudng phat sinh tgi dilm tdn giao, tin ngudng cd sy tham gia cua hogt dpng du Ijch vdi mong mudn hogt dpng du ljch tam linh bude diu nhen nhdm d Vift Nam se cd mpt hudng di dung myc dich - con dudng giiip eon ngudi tim ve vdi bin thl, vuon tdi nhihig dilu tdt dfp hon. Day la xu hudng ciia du ljch hifn dgi tren the gidi vi nlu dupc quin ly diing din d Vift Nam nd se mang din nhiing gii trj mdi cho du ljch nudc nhaV.
Tai lif u tham khao D.T.P.A
I, Peter Robinson, Sine Heilmann & Dr Peter Uieke (2011) - Research themes for tourism (Todn canh nghien ciu ve du lich) - CAB! Publishing.
2. Dallen J. Timothy & Daniel H. Olsen (2006) Tourism. Religion and Spiritual Journeys (Du Hch vd cdc chuyin di tdm linh va ton gido) - Routledge Publishing,
0 | n g Thi Phtrdng Anh: Tourism at Religious Sites
devi:::rors:i::ruSr vtt^'rn "^" ^" •'^ ^^^^^- ^'^ '^ ^ ^ ~'- «^«
lot Of difficuldes, cTut b y T i n r r c o n 7 r ; "\ " ' ''"'"^ ° ' '"'^ '''^^' ""^^ ^ - « solutions for the special problems I ^ a r r l'^^^""^'^"^' ^O- this article give some sustainable tourism d e v e C t r ' " " ^ "' "^"^ ^' ''"^^ "^ '^^^^^ a