TAP CHI KHDA HOC - SO S / Z D l B
51
DAU AN TU TUONG PHONG THUY TRONG VAN XUOI TU SU TRUNG OAI VIET NAM
TrSn Thi Thanh Nhi' Trudng Dgi hoc Supham Hue
Tdm tdt Phong thuy Id mot logi kien thirc md ngudi ta dimg de xu li vd hra chon hodn cdnh dn d. chii yeu U-en cdc phuang dien- lira chon dia diem, tire lim mot dia hinh thod man cd hai mat tdm H va smh li; xu li ve mat hinh thdi trong cdch bd tri, hao gdm lai dung vd cdi tao hodn cdnh thien nhien. hudng nhd, vi tri, cao thdp lo nhd, cua ra viio.
duang dl, ngudn cdp nude, thoat nude...: treu ca sd ndi tren, them vdo mot ddu hieu, nham thod mdn nhu cdu tdm li U-dnh cdi die, lay cdi lanh cho con ngucri Nhiing lu tuang chil dgo cua phong thuy nhu. tang phong ddc lhu)>. coi trong hudng nam, di the thu dm...
dirae vdn xudi tu su trung dai Viet Nam tiep nhdn. Su dnh huang ndy mdt mat phan dnh su tdc ddng cua Dao gido. vdn hod Trung Hoa vdo trong vdn hoc nude nhd nhung mdt khdc cimg the hien tinh thdn lu cudng vdn hod Viet (thdng qua nhirng tranh Idi, ddu tri.
ddu phep cua cdc Ihdy dia li. than huh. ngudi ddn nude Nam vd Bdc qiidc).
Titkhod phong ihiiy. hudng nam. long mach. la ihanh long, hiru hach hd
l.MODAU
Dau an cua hu\en hoc co mot tam anh huong khong the phu nlian trong trong van hpc trung dai Viet Nam Trong do noi bat len mot so hien tupng nhu boc phe, tudng sd. tu vi.
trach cat va dac biet la phong thuy. Dau an ciia phong thuy de lai trong tac phdm th§ hien qua nliung mo tip truyen gan \ d i chuyen hpc hanh thi cu. do dat, chuyen len ngoi vua: the hien qua each tac gia xay dung nhan vat: the hien qua kel can tac pham cung nhu kt thuat phuc bilt. Xua nay nhung van de tren il nliicu duoc cac nha nghicn ciiu co d^ lam din nhung nghien cuu. nhung nhin nhan phong tliu\ lii nhung li thu\ei chuyen nganh anh hudng. the hicn trong tiic pham \rui hoc thi chua dupe de cap den, Vi the. da\- la mot khoang trong khoa hpc can dupe nghien cdu. bo sung.
Phong thu) Phong (buy theo Tir Hai \ iei "Phong thu\ con gpi ki Kbani Du - mot loai mc tin a nude Trung Quoc cu cho rang hinh the. hudng gio. dimg chay .xung quanh nha a
Nli.mKungii> 03 10 2016. gui plun bicn va du>ci dang iisiin l.iOnluMJcgia Tiari riii fharih Nlii. F.m.ul lliaiihnhidlu"/-n
5?^IL
T R i J d N G BAI HOC T H C I BO HA N6|hoac md ma. cd thd dem ddn hoa, phuc cho ngudi d hoac ngudi chdn, ciing chi each xem nha d, p h k nip" [1, tr.l3]. Trong cuon Ngudn gdc phong thuy, GS. Phan Cdc Tay trong Itii tua viSt: "Ndi dung chinh cua phong thuy la mdt loai hpc vin ma ngudi ta dimg de xit li vi lua chpn hoan canli an d, trong dd cd nha d, cung thit, chiia chien, lang md, thdn xom, thanh thi; lang md thi gpi la am trach, cdn lai ddu gpi la duong trach. Phong thuy ve hoan canh an d, anh hudng chu y6u tren ba mat: Mdt, su lua chpn dia diem, tiic tim mdt dja liinlr thoa man ca hai mat tam li \ a sinh li; Hai. xu li v i mat hinh thai trong each bd tri, bao gom loi dirng vir cai tao hoan canli thien nhien. hudng nha, vi tri, cao thap to nhd, cira ra viio, dudng di, ngudn cip nude, thoat nude...; Ba. tren co sd ndi tren, them vao mdt dau hieu, nham thoa man nhu cau tam li tranh cai dir, liiy cai lanh cho con ngudi " [I, tr.l3 - 14].
Nhilu tai lieu sir hpc cho thiy. cac bac tri thuc dai sT Viet Nam tir liiu da cd y thirc tim kiem, sun tarn nhihig tai lieu phong thuy. Cd the vien dan ra doan cdng su nam 1760 - 1762 do Chanh su Tran Huy Mat. Phd su Le Quy Ddn. Trinh Xuiin Thu dan diiu, klii hoan thanh nhiem vu trd ve da mang theo mdt sd sach mua d Trung Qudc, irong do cd sach ve huyen hpc. Tran Huy Mat mua Tu vi ddu sd. Dia ly luyel tdm (TTTN nhiin manh); Le Qu) Ddn mua Tu vl ddu .w, Mai hoa Dich .id... Tu tudng. li thuyet, tu duy ve phong thuy khdrrg chi dupe ap dung trong ddi sdng thuc. duoc lich su ghi lar trong nliieu bd su mir cdn the hren rut rd tr-ong nhieu lac phiim \an xudi tu su trung dai Viet Nam. Diiu nay chimg id cac nha \an irung dai cd indl \dn hreu biel nhiil dinh (lliiim chi la tinh Ihdng) vd phong Ihuy.
2. NOI D U N G
2.1, Mot so t h u a t , t h u y e t p h o n g t h u y co b a n th^ hien t r o n g v a n xuoi tu su t r u n g dai
2.1.1. Thuyet di the tbti dm
TluiNcl dl Ihc tliu iini cho rang' co the con ngudi cd dupe rir cha mc. Ihi birr die khi. di rhe SC rhir am. grCra ngudi clior di \ a ngudr song cd "linh khi luong cam". Dal ihl Ihi IhSn linh an. Ihan linh an rhl con chau rlirrih xitcmg. Trong Tniyin Ic ludng xd Md Trach. VCr Du> (111 duoc hun ic ludng Iheo quan niem phong lliux la do l a n g Id dupe chdn noi dar rdf \ c r did dir a>. pliia trudc cd "ihiphu Ihm d,c„" (cai in ndi rrcn mar nude) liim tiin an.
phui sau c6 "dan phuong ham lim" (chrm plurong do nginii thu) him hiiu cliiini. ngdi hudng Al rrdrrg sang lurdng Ian. C ac nhi, phong lhu> diu cho lir ngdi diil "thien ran^" ,-ir dep. con chau lar cd ncuo, lam j i n cdng hiiu |2. lr,467] Con dng Krnh Lupc lam nen quan Idn d6 cao Miih hicn. cac IhfiN dra li diu h.io nhd cu md cu Ihix nho o cho \ g l i c phin xi duinig Min. aic ki .ang qu> l( 7,„uv, „„,,, Kinh Ij„u , |.t. rr 9(ll)| In-ng khoarrg nrcn hieu Thinh
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO 5 / 2 0 1 5
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Diic va VTnh Tho ddi Le Thhn Tong, ho Vu khoa nao ciing co ngudi d5 tiin sT: Khoa Binh Than d5 ba ngudi, khoa Ki Hpi dd bdn ngudi, con cac khoa khac, khoa thi d5 hai ngudi, khoa thi do mpt ngudi; ddng thdi, co ciing ba muoi ngudi cung lam quan trong tri8u. Dieu nay duac li giai la do ong t6 hp Vu thiy xa Mp Tr^h co phong thuy t6t, ben den cu tni d do. Chau bay ddi cua Cao Biin ten la Lu sang nude ta xem xet nhttng kieu dat quy. Khi den cong lang Mp Trach, 6ng chi tay v^ bao rling: Diiy la to tien sT. Viec nhd phiic am to tien truyin lai dupe thi hien ro trong bai tan cua tham hoa Vu Thanh miing Dinh An: Mach dao dien trudng tir tam tram nam ve trudc/ Dsaih cdng thac vpng ngudi ddi deu trpng/ Tit Cao to, tang to den chau vdn,chau nhi ddi nao cung cd ngudi huan hien ke tiep/ Tudc lpc khoa danh nhd cd phiic am to ti6n nen dupe v^ vang/ Tam ddi hp Tieu danh tieng chua het/
Bacayhoehp Vuong dau vet hay cdnthorm (Truyen ho Vu a Md Track) [3, tr.458]. Thuyet Di the thu dm noi rieng, phong thuy noi chung bat ngu6n tir viec siing bai linh hon. Ngudi xua quan niem khi chet thi hon khi ve trdi, the phach ve vdi dat, linh hon la bat td va tidp tuc tac dong den cupc song con ngudi tran gian.
2.1.2. Nguyen tac ctr ban cua phong thuy tang dia
Rong den co the, phat mach tir xa, viec lira chpn tang dia dau tien phai xem den th6 cua son mach tren pham vi vT mo. Trong phong thuy gpi nui den tu xa la the, niii d noi gan la hinh, tnrdc tien ban ve the, sau do ban ve hinh, hinh do the quy6t dinh. Cac nha phong thuy cho rang the lai long uon lupn uyen chuyen la rat tot cho su hinh thanh sinh khi to Idn cho nen trong Tang thu cung co ghi "dia the nguyen mach, son the nguyen cot, uon lupn Dong Tay hoac la Bac Nam, ngan thudc la the, tram thudc la hinh. The den hinh dimg, la noi toan khi. Dat toan khi an tang phii hop" [1]. The cua rong thudng co quan he vdi phat mach xa xoi, deu d nhiJng day niii hpi tu, cho nen mdi gpi la lai long thien li, y noi huyet vi phong thuy thudng co quan he vdi dau nguon ciia long mach, chi c6 son mach to Idn mdi CO the hinh thanh chi long dai rpng. Trong Hoan Chdu ki, nhan vat cu gia ki la chinh la mpt thay phong thuy cu phach tim huyet cho nha Nguyen Canh: "xam xam di vao niii Mpng Son, xem ki dia hinh ngoi mp to cua Nguyen Canh, thay co kieu "tir lau ha dien", ben Ian theo long mach tim den xa Hoa Lam, thay hon Ngpc Son dinh cao to khi thi" [4, tr.50]. Ap dung diing nguyen tac cua phong thuy tang dia, nen ong cu nhanh chong phat hien d vung CO mpt ngoi dat quy "tan long chuyen ton nhap ta hiju, cudc ket kim tinh khai thuy huyet", phia trudc thi phan phia sau thi hop, ben trai thi rong ben phai thi ho, co ve nhu truong cd md long vay. Mat trudc co song Idn chay qua, dong lupn quanh co, nude trong leo leo.
Day diing la dat phat "tam cdng, vo tudng", mpt long mach tuyet vdi". Qua nhien, sau nay nha Canh Thi con chau phat cong khanh.
54
TRiJdNS BAI WgC TWa Bfl H A Nljl2.1.3. Tbnyk ting phong aictbny
"Khi gfp gid thi tan. gdp nude thi dimg. Khi ctia cd nhdn khdng tan, cd di cd dung gpi Id phong thuy", thuyet nay cho r k g "phong" vi "thuy" la nhto td quan trong dd giO gjn sinh khi, vi r | y vita phai tang phong I?! vCra phM djc thu^. Vi ph^p phong thu:y coi djc thu^ la tien, tang phong la thil, vi v?y thuy fid thanh nhan to quan trpng nhit di giii gin moi trudng sinh thai cd smh khi. Su ki^n Do Udng vao thi dinh, dS Bang nhta, lam quan nha Mac dfa chiic Thi Lang, ddi U Tnmg Hung, dng l?i quay vk vdi nha Le coi giii vi^
gi4y ta ngoji giao dupe li giii la nhd ngoi mp phat tich: Ngdi md d m0t khu dit Idn thuj hinh vong quanh vii muoi mlu, tren viing dit ay, chS iM, chS 15m, cho ma, cho khep, hmi the cung dep, cUnh giOa nbi ISn mdt gd kim hinh, chimg dO hem mudi budc, c6 m0t ng6i nude hinh chil nhit chay ngang, rdi chiy vong l?ii hinh nhu chil it. Day chinh li kilu dit Cao vuang tilng ndi: Ihu^ loan ip tu (nude chay vdng hinh chil At) (Chuyin Bd Udng) [3, h-.86]. Chuy$n Quang Thuc hoing thai h^u sinh duac vuang til la nhd thud cdn li ngudi thuang, ngu tai phia nam nhi Qu6c Tu Giam. Noi diy nude ho bao bpc xung quanh nhi, cac thiy dia li cho li cd khi thien td (Thdnh Tdng hoang di) [3, tr.268]. Thu|n Nghia va Chieu Vu sai thu hap ten li Tri vh vuong dinh ding len chiia Hien vuong sich bin ve thiSn thdi, dia lai, nhin hoi, trong dd, khi xet dja Ipri da phan tich rat ki vk mat phong thu^", v|n dung li thuyet ting phong dac thuy tao nen vuang khi cho dia bin lua chpn: "xem tr€n ban do dia du thi xii Ngh$ An long mach khdi tir Chau Quy do xu6ng, chuyin vio chiu Bo Chinh rdi lai chuyen ra miln Ki Hoa, Thach Hi, din huyen ThiSn Lpc vupt khdi len thanh day Hdng LTnh, lim thinh mpt thi dit chtmg due vuong khi, diing li noi dinh cue ciia hie di vuong mdi diy. Vi dudng thu^ thi cd thi thdng vdi hai eiia biin ci hpng, dudng bp c6 thi chtta dupe ddi quin mudi v ^ ngudi ngua. Xin cho quan ra ddng dinh tai dd lim thanh the tran "ttudng xi", liy La Son lim ti giac, liy Nghi Xuan lim hilu giac, liy ddn Khu Ddc lim tien phong, din thanh thi tran ddng giO, chd cho quan dich tu tan ra. Lai thiy d mien Huang Son long mach nhu tam diu rdng chiu ve eung Tii vi, thanh long thi phyc d niii Thien Nhan, bach hi liin vdi bd sdng. Nhu thi li Thit didu, Tam tinh. Long thuy diu giao hpi tai minh dudng, liy Hdng Linh chin muoi chin ngon cao lim an ngu, trin giu phia ngoii cho the thi dat dep diy nghi$p di vuong" (Nam triiu cong nghiep diln chi) [5, tr.432]. Thuyit nay xuit phat tir su tdn simg gid vi nude cd dai.
2.1.4. PboBg tbuy coi trfng birdng
Quan niem ve phuong vj ttong phong thuy rit it dimg Nam, BSc, Ddng, Tay di biiu thi mi da sd dimg ttudc, sau, trai, phai di biiu thj. Cach dimg tii Mnh di biiu thi phuang vi
TAP PHI' KHOA H O C - BO 3/2016 II "
da xu4t hien rit sdm ttong sach c6 thdi Tien Tin'. Sach di cap din Thuyit phuang vi: Noi tang dia, thanh long d ben trai, bach h6 d bSn ph^, chu tudc d ding hrudc, huyen vu a dang sau liy tii linh di dai dien cho b6n phuorng vi. Duong nhien, td linh d day tupng tnmg bdi the niii. Co tii linh toa tran, co cam giac ddi xiing sang trpng da trd thanh mot loai khudn mau CO hiru trong phong thu;y, tiic la cdc dinh mil hudng ve huySn vu phai ciii dau, cac niii d hudng chu tudc phai nhu nhay mua boat bat, cac niii d hudng thanh long phai nhap nho lien tuc, cac niii d hudng bsich h6 phai phu phuc mim mai, nhu vay the mil mdi la mdi trudng tot. Su thanh dat cua con chau dong hp Nguyen Canh la nhd td tien dupe tang vac huyet c6 hudng t6t: Du truang che cao biic/ long mach xudt ton, tdn/ khanh tu&ng vai cong than/ dai noi dai khong doi/ chi hiim an cdt rong dat troi/ nen phdi que ngicdi danh mai rang (y ndi long mach keo tii ddng nam den tay bac) [4, tr.50]. Ban than Thuong thu Nguyen Van Huy va con chau ong diu d6 dat, hi6n vinh hon ngudi la do md to tien dupe tang vao huyet phuong vi dac dia: M6 dat ngii phuong CSn (Dong Bac) trdng phumig Kh6n (Tay Nam) {Truyen mo td a Vinh Kiiu) [2, tr.472]. Din thd Pham Ngu Lao lam ngay tren cai nen cii cua ong tr6ng xuing ao, d giiia ao co cai kim an noi tren mat nude, dp ngoai nira dam thi co cai giao dai lam hp ve, song Phu ung la hd thuy nghich trieu, cac nha phong thuy dSu khen la noi duong trach tot. Ddi Le trong lang Phii Ung co mpt quan van than ten la Vo VTnh Tien, tuoi tre da lam nen khoa hoan, nhung ki lao d trong lang deu ghen ghet, viec gi ciing de nen kh6ng cho du, 6ng mdi ban vdi d ^ xoay mieu than ve hudng bac, xong dau day, lap dan chieu hon, roi nhay xuong song ma the rang: Lang nay da coi khinh khoa hoan thi v6 sau khdng nen co niia. Tir khi Vo cong mat, hpc trd trong lang khong may ngudi do dat dupe niia. Lang mdi hdi ban ve cho xu te vdi ong qua.
Khoang nam Binh Ngo, Dinh Mui lai xoay mieu than ve hudng cii, nhung trong lang lai bi dich tai hai, dan khdng dupe yen, danh lai phai de ve hudng bac (Pham NgU Lao) [3, tr.83].
Mieu than quay ve hudng bac trong quan niem la hudng xau da anh hudng din khoa van cua ca lang.
Theo quan niem phong thuy, the dat anh hudng rat Idn den van s6, hoa phiic ca nhan.
Hoang Phiic khi bi bat nhan xet ve van menh cua minh va ciia Nguyen Trai dua tren the ma
' Trong Le ki co ghi "hSnh, tnrac la chu tuac, sau la huyen vu, trii la thanh long, phai la bach \\h". quan niem diing tii linh de bieu thi phuong vj lai c6 quan he vai quan niem "tii tuong" trong thien vSn hoc. Nguoi xua khi quan sat tmh tu tren troi, da chia bau trai ra 28 loai tii, lai chia ra theo Dong Nam. Tay Bac. m6i huons 7 tu, 7 til huong dong bieu tuong la long. 7 tti huang nam bieu tuong la tuoc, 7 tii huong lay bi^u Urong la ho, 7 tu huong bac bieu tirgng la huyen vu.vi vay 4 tuong thanh long, bach Ii6. chu tuac. huy^n vu da tro thanh dai danh tir cua 4 phucmg vj Dong, Tay, Nam, Bac
56 II T R U C I N G B A I H Q C T H U e g H A N6I
cua td tien: "ma td nha tdi ed xa van tinh, du cd gap nan eiing chi cd frong tram ngay ma thdi; khdng nliu ma nlia dng cd van tru diet. Xet ma td nha dng d Nhi Khe, huyet tang cr rupng bang phSng. ngudi thi cho ring kieu tudng quan md cd, ngudi thi cho rang kieu tudng quan ciit diu. V i hudng Mui cd cai gd Rua, dudi phan lai. Trong ban Kiem ki.
Hoang Phuc ndi ring: "Nhi de mach doan, hoa tham tru di" chinh la chu vao diy" (Ong Le Trdi) [3. tr.203]. Qua nhien, Hoang Phuc sau dd dupe tha sdm, cdn sau nay Nguyen Trai mac nan chiu an tru di lain tpc.
Niing khieu, nghe nghiep ca nhan ciing la do phong thuy. Nhd duong trach nha d ciia Tham hoa Dinh Luu canh nui Tiiiin Ddng, niii nay hinli dang gidng qua ciiu cho nen dng da cau riit gioi (Thdm hoa Dinh Luu) [2. tr.581]. Cdn Triiu Canh cd chd d: Chd dng d phia trudc cd may mau rupng cao hinh gidng chiec ban dao cat thudc, cho nen ndi tieng ve nghe liim thudc (Chuyen Trdu Canh dxd Tu Tram) nen sau nay dupe danli gia nlid cd cdng chira benh cho vua [2. tr.562] Vi the. khi gap hoa cd the dung phong thuy de cai tao tinh hinh:
Quang Bi o Trung Qudc 18 nam. ngudi nha nhd Idi dan cua Hoang Phuc: "Ngiy trudc. la de tam den mpt ngdi dat phia lay lang... Ngdi dat ay gdi vao mdt cai klian ddi diu, trdng v^
mdt cai dai vang, mat trdi va mai trang dd hai ben vai. Ngua .xuii bien d phia tiiy. Huyet ngdi vi Ty trdng sang Ngo. Ta da chdn mpi tam vim gd d dudi... C i n phai dan con chau rang ngay sau cd ngudi di sii ma cham ve thi phai dao chan con ngua a>. tu khic vi ngai".
ben dao chan ngua dng nidi duoc ve (Truyen Le Canh Tuan -phu chep Iruyen Quang Bi, Thuc Hien. Thicu Dinh) |2. Ir 523 - 524| Con ngudi phi thudng cd thi ngau nhien duoc trdi dat phii bam tai nang. nhimg cung cd thi chu ddng tao ra diiu kien tiep nhan nang lupng \ u tru bang thual phong thuy Cd cu gia gioi dja li din choi trong hai cudi: Tien si phai hpc mdi dupe thi co gi la la. rdi dug cu Nguyen Trat cho ngdi dit no. bao liy sach ra ddt het, Dcii klioa thi hoi. Irudng thu nhit. trudng tliir hai. nhd bp giiip dd. dupe trung.
Irudng thd ba. lat duoc manh gia>. iheo dimg mil chep. cuna Irung {()m' \ginin Trdi) li.lr.2bl.]
2..^. Nhung ngdi mp lam nen fli vuong va vice pha, bdi bd, cai tao long mach Khirng ngdi md kien "qudn .:,m cung phuc" (ciic nui chiu lai). cd llic kim duoc moi doi de Miong (r,-HU7, ,„o ,a „ linh K,c„) |2. Ir47.^.|. nhung co nhiiu Irudng hop huvel o 1101 d, Ihuong. khdng pliai do ciic thi mil quay qui,, lai (Iheo li lliu>it) mil o ngax' Ircn miii dai. no, biiil, Jia nhu „uong hop ngd, ,iid Id nha l,„ I iin bi> gid cd mdi Ihix dia li Trung Qudc .sang nuoc la xem di.l. Ihco long niacli u, n„, lam Dao di xu.inc. qua I Ining Lona.
Co B, den c.,c x5 Kc Chai, ^a Cao Xa thudc hu>cn K,m Ddng- ", thiv nh,iu d i n e diit Loan tu da> li, chd done quan vi, ntiu c m DSn xti I'hunng r,a huNcn Xam X u o n , khdnu thav ^c, IKI, J.iii nita. nuoc sdng cl,j> ntanh. Ic nao hu>cl la, an ,anc dun, da, sdnc ben
TAP CHI KHDA HOC ~ SO S/ZOIE
57
sang song di den xa Ha Lilu, huyen N g u Thien, thay cac ngon niii deu diing thang, cho cat dku len d day, tim cho phat tich tai xa Nhat Cao va ch6 kit cue tai xa Thai Dudng mdi ha la ban de xem xet, kliong ngd d noi binh dia ma lai co dat de vuong" (Ngoi mo ho Trdn) [2, tr.557, 558]. Co trudng hop di thudng hon niia la mp d ngay dudi nude nhu trudng hop co mot thay dia li ben Tau sang nude ta tim dat, doi theo long mach tdi dong Hoa Lu. Buoi toi thay dia h lai xem thien van, thdy co mot tia hdng quang nhu giai lua do tir dam boc len ban thang vao sao Thien Ma, xem xet h6i lau, doan r4ng dudi dam tat co than vat. Ong ta nhd Dinh Bp LTnh xuong dam tham do, qua nhien thay co mpt vat hinh nhu con ngua dimg dudi day dam, dudi dam qua nliien co ngoi huyet quy (Dinh Tiim Hoang ki) [2, tr.555].
Chuyen phd, cdi lao, boi bo long mach. Phuang phap bo cuu phong thuy co the dan thuy tu khi. Mpt so lang mac tien hanh dan nude, dao ao d nhiing vi tri khac nhau nham tu tai- tru ta hoac de co lai cho klioa giap, trong cay gay rimg; viec trong cay co tac dung ngan gio tu khi, bao ve cho sinh thai ciia tieu moi trudng, lam cho caiili quan the hien ro phong phii ve noi dung va sinh ca, xay thap chan sat hoac thap hung van van. Trudng hop nha Tran khai thuy dao de cai tao long mach la mpt vi du. Vua Tran sau khi xem sam thu cua ngudi khach phuang Bac, y noi: "Ngoi mp phat lich d Thai Dudng nay sap het thmh.
can phai khai thong thuy dao. thi mdi giii duac lau dai". tin Idi ay. ben chieu theo hoa do d sam thu dao mpt thuy dao tii' song Cai xa Phu Xuan di vao, quanh den xa Thai Dudng (Ngdi md ho Trdn) [2. tr.557 - 558]. An Vuang biet trong kieu dai nha minh co cau
"Truyen duac (am ddi thi va noi len tir Irong tuimg vach" nen mdi bay cupc xay dirng d Co Bi de yem trir {Nguyen Cdng Hdng) [3. tr.l 57]
Nhieu trudng hop diing phong ihuy de trdn dp khi thien vuang (Ap khi ihien bd).
Phong thuy lay khi lam hat nhan. cho rang dat tot hay \ a u do khi quyet dinh. vi va\ trong phong thuy co thuyet vpng klii. Vong khi co the nhin lha>' su hung suy cua cac iri^u dai.
nhan su quan trudng vi vay nhCrng ngudi thong tri deu rat lin tudng vao Ihuyet nay, Trong Hoan ('hdu ki. ke truyen Ke quan cong Phan Ngan tha\' mp to de d niii Ludng Kien la nai CO hinh dang ngudi bi chat dau "co hai vai ma khong co dau" trong long lo lang, ben mang hau ie dl don mot thay thuat sT cao ta}' \'e. nhd xem di xem lai cho dat ngoi mo. Nhin thi3 nui. quan sal khi mach. tha> duac chan hinli. thuat sT ba\ each la the dat rat qu\'. se sinh nguiri kien cuimg, chi dang tiec la dau nin lo xuang. tai va khong phai hi nho co the- nh(") mpt ca\ cii miic co canh nhanh cong quco dem Irong Ircn niii. giong hinh dau ngucVi Khu vaj the sa mach se dan da duoc tu bo Khi \ iec uai tao nin hoan thanh at sc lam nen nghiep
\ u a n g ba. Phan Ngan tir do thuxTng duac sai pliiii. thuc su co cong lao. duac phoim tudc quan cong. ngam ngam hicp sire \di dang ngu> ticni xung quoc su. muon khoi dau su nghiep
\uoiig hil- Binli An Vutvng biet vice na\' hen sai quan den niii Luong Kicn chat bo ca_\ \ e u quai tren dmh mii |4]
58 II _, THLtaNB B » l H g C T H C i e a H A N e i l
Cao Biin timg di khip cic nai niii non sdng biin aide taasan nhfing noi nio cd vuong khi linh thi&g thi tim each cit yim di, y li mudn cudp dosn n w ^ Nam ta. Cao Bien thiy tren niii cd khi thieng bdn dio hao phia sau chan niii di cit maich, fcUin cho linh thieng v^
sau khdng cu tu dupe (Nam triiu cdng nghiip diin chi) [5, tr.82]. Hay trudng hap Dinh Bp Lthh thi hi thiy dia li phuong Bic lira phi huyet bing each ding guam deo vio huy$t d cS ngira vdi loi giai thich: "Cii huyet iy tuy dfp, nhimg ngua khong co guom thi khong dupe tit. Nay tdi ting cho mdt thanh guom, dng dem xudng treo d co ngva, nhu vay thi dng se dugc dpc ngang trdi dit, dinh dau dugc diy. Dieu nay dan den h^u hoa li dng d ngoi dupe 12 nam thi bi ten hiu can li Dd Thich am sat, con ci l i Dinh Lien cOng bi giit" [2, tr.555].
Nguyen Cd trong Ngdi md ho Trdn vi boi tin ndn bi nguoi phuong khach lay lai huyft bang each pha ho?u: Khich bio ngudi hp Trin liy ddng do diic luoi tim set vi lay cay vang liy nude dg dimg. Mdt dSm mua to gid Idn vi ludn cd tieng set danh, khach vi ngudri hp Trin dem luoi tim set den cim xuong md to cua Nguyin Co, xuydn thling den quan tii, rdi liy nuoc vang tudi vio mp. Nguyen Co ra thim, cho la md bi set danh cd mau chay ra vpi ving ddi md di chd khic. Nhu the, da sd cac each triet phi phong thuy ddu gin vdi viec diing kim khi, kim loai (guom, ludi tam set) dam vio di triet pha huyet. Diiu niy thudng gap trong van hoi bua phep, trin ydm eua Dao giao.
Con nguoi smh ra liy hinh thi tCt cha me, nen khi mach di chuyin trong huypt mach, bdi bd cho xucmg cdt. Con chau tir do mi cam ung dugc hoa phuc. Tir dd, phiic lpc vinh trinh, van vat hoa sinh. Neu long mach hi triet, ludng khi khdng nudi dudng dupe xuong cdt. Liic dd, xuong cdt se khd muc, gidng nhu cudng hoa bi cit, nhua khdng nudi dugc hoa qui thi hoa qui se bi hu, nhu trudng hop long mjch nhi Trin hi cit diit nen nhi Trin W mat vio tay nhi Hd. Tuong tu, long mach cua nhi Tay Son bi eif thi con chiu ciing bi yiu the, nhi Tay Son sau dd mit vi tay nha Nguyin... Trong dan gian cd cau: "giii nhu giO ma td" chinh li de bio ve su ttuong tdn, tWnh vuong cita ci ddng hp vi xa han niia li bio ve su trudng tdn eua mpt trieu dgi, mpt quoc gia.
Bia li vd thien li hay chuyen nguai chon ddt, trdi chon nguai cho ddt. Con ngudi ai ciing mudn tim dit dep di tang md phin td tien, nhung tun dugc dit li mdt chuyen mi ting dupe lai li chuyen khac. Cd ngudi no tim dupe dit tdt, dinh tang tien phin nhung danh chiu vi nim mo thiy thin nhin din bao: "Ta cai quin dia phuong niy. Nhi nguoi it phiic, khdng duong ndi cai huyet iy. Ta giir eai huyet cho hp Vu. Nguoi nen nhuong cho ho do, thi con chiu nguoi sau niy se dupe hp iy bao dap lai". Vi sau, hp Vu hung thinh, sinh ra nhieu ngudi tai nghe vii diing hon ngudi (Truyen ho VU xd Trung Hdnh) [2, tr.559]. Cd cu ten huy la Ta, eon ttai Hung Quan cdng nim mpng thiy mpt vi thin din ra ngoii ling, tdi xu Ma Ca, trd tay ma bio: "Day la thi dit quy. Gia dinh dng vdn trung nghia duac Thuang
TAP CHI KHDA HOC - SD B/ZDIB II _ J ^
d^ xet bilt ddn nen ta mdi bao cho ch6 dat quy. Ckn than chd nham", ben dem tang mp ong ba vao d4t do. Ay chinh la thi d4t "H6 yeu dai an, Vo tudng trong quyen" tiep noi phiic dai lau vay". Tir do, cu trd nen manh me, diing Iuoc phi thudng, tai bin siing that tuyet vdi (Truyen ve sinh phong dgi vuang tdn tri cong thdn thuang te loc cong ho Dinh) [2, tr.659].
Xem dat chi cho ngudi ddi, nliung so thay thi "ham rang chdng cdn", "de rudi no ban", rot cue, thay dia li khong may khi duac dat tot nhat hang. Ta Ao tien sinh nhan co viec ra niii Hong Linh, thir treo len nui trong xem, ngam dupe mpt cai huyet rat quy ben ve dem tien phan den chon. Ngudi Minh trong thien van noi: cac ngoi sao deu chau ve ca phuang Nam, nude An Nam dupe dat roi. Ben ngam dao trpm ma va lua dem diia con Irai ong ve Tau. Me ong mat, ong dinh dem tang d mpt cai huyet ngoai hai dao. Ngay gid da dinh, khong may song gio can trd, khong ra chon dupe, thanli ra loi ki. Ong than rang: Do la cai huyet mieng rong, nam tram nam mdi md mpt Ian, ma chi md trong mpt khac. Nay da Id roi, con gi nira. That la so menh cua ta. Ong da ngam san huyet cho minh, noi la kieu con cho duoi dan de, tang chi ba ngay se thanh dia tien, nhmig dudng xa lieu chimg khong den noi duoc, ben chi mpt cai go ben canh dudng la mpt ngoi huyet thuc. Sau qua nhien lam phiic than (Ta Ao tien sinh) [3, tr.224]. Truyen Ta Ao ho Nguyen cung viet ve Ta Ao, ong den Thien Mo huyen Tir Liem nlian ra mpt cai huyet Idn, muon tang mp hp Tran vao do. Mdi dat tam troc long xuong dat. lat di lat lai ba Ian ma khong dupe, ong ben niem chii gpi than dat len hoi, than dat noi: dat nay se phat ba ddi quoc su dai vuang, con chau cong hau khanli tudng khong dut. Trdi da danh cho nha ho Nguyen Quy roi, hp Tran dire bac khong xihig vdi dat nay. Neu ong tang nio hp Tran \ a o day. lam trai y trdi, at se \\\y den than. Thuat dia li nude Nam khong ai tinh thong bang Ta Ao, nhung chi dem phuc den cho ngudi chu khong cuu noi su thanh ban ciia con cai Bdi vay, can lay tu nhan (ich dire lam goc. con neu chi chuyen vao viec dia li thi han hep thay [3. tr.966].
Cao Bien - mot nguiri quyen phep. sue manh ddi song, chuyen mil, lap be nham thay doi van khi nude ngudi nhung ket cue thi van khi cua chinli y thi ra sao? Tai nang ciia Cao Bien khong giiip >• tranh khoi viec bi trieu \ c nude va bi giet Trong van hoc \iet. cac tac gia xay dung ket cue la chinli Cao Bien, khi chung kien khi thieng nude Nam: "... may mil noi to. roi co khi lanh nam sac rirc rd lap loe nhu sao sang rue, lanh ran nguiTi. Trong nam sac a> CO mpt ngudi cudi rong \ang. dau doi mu hoa do. minh mac ao rang mau tia. xicm theu giay do. dong thdi miii huong ngao ngai, tieng nhac vang lirng. hoi lau nidi tan hC'n dirng den. dap luong thd. loi lay diing sat chon de tran ap.. Bong mpt can mua bao rat to.
do ca\. tung dat. bao nhieu dong sai da \eni bong bien ra thanh tm bui. Bicn tha\ \ a \ than rang: Ta sap vc Bae mat Roi qua nhien. Bicn phai \ e that (Ouang loi ihdnh huu uv liphu img dai vimng) \2. tr.76|
BO_L
T R U a N G e A I HOC T H D B O H A N D I Ba ngoai Dd Udng goa chdng sdm l i m viec tot dupe ngudi Hoa Kieu cam eai cao nglila, mudn l i y ngdi dit din on cho ba vdi kieu dit Cao vuang, ndi: thuy loan ap tu (niiot chay vdng hinh chil At). Sau Dd Udng v i o thi dinh, dd Bang nhan, l i m quan nha Mac do chuc Thi Lang. Nhung ma Dd Udng sau bi tai va, con chau cung suy, khdng tieng tamgi thi thi cai meo eiia con ngudi ciing khdng bang cai le tu nhien cua tao hoa (Bd Udng) [3, tr.86].Mdt diiu dac biet nira trong phong thuy la trudng hop thien tang, con ngudi khong chon dit ma trdi chpn noi tang dia. Chuyen ke rang mdt hdm me Mac Dinh Chi len gi kiim ciii. bi mpt con klii due blip, bd dng liy dao chem chet. Sang hdm sau ra xem thi Ihlv m i l da dip dit len xac khi thanh mdt cai mp Idn, tu' do me dng thu thai. Ong thap be, xau xi. ngudi ta cho la gidng khi. Klii bd dng sap miit, dan ngudi nha mai tang ngay vao cho mp con klii, chac la cdng ngiim hieu dupe thien co nen nidi lam vay (Ludng qudc iran^
nguyen .Mac Dinh Chi) [2, tr.557]. Cdn Nguyen Luat gap hd ngii Ian xudng. hd khdng nii an thit. chi diing chan bdi dat lap kin thi hai. Canh thiiy cha khdng ve. vdi vang ra chp xen, bdi. Thiiy bdi vdn la ngudi thao ve Dich li, da gieo tien xin iam duong. duoc que "Ki li nliiil Ihdn. ddc chdn chi nhi". Thiiy bdi dua vao que bdi. da ke Ian lupt cho Canli nghe chuyen hd vira mai tang Luat. Ve sau khi con chau cd cdng Idn vdi ban trieu. Luat dupe phong tang la Khai qudc su\ Irung duong nghia phu qudc cdng than, quan linh thiet dpi trung thiinh due tutVng Dien Phiic hiiu {Hoan Chdu ki) [4].
3. KET LUAN
Tu \iec khao sal mdi loat lru>en cd dau \k quan niem. tu tudng phong lhu>-. c6 Ihe nhan ihiy cac nlia van Irung dai Vicl Nam da cd mdi su am hiiu klia sau sic vi cac II lhu\el chujen sau phong lliuN Ki Ihual \an chuong dieu luyen cimg vdi vdn kidn lluic phong phu. uyen Iham i c hmcii hoc. dac biet la phong Ihuy. da gdp phin lam cho \an ban Iro nen hiip dan. ki bi va cd sire lhu\il phuc cao \'di ban dpc
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
' mm Iriunig soii^
Liii, Ba, Lii,,, (11)')4). PI,o„g Ihuy 0„uu luiu, < uu „g,ra, Trung (>„,i,
\ \ b Da N i n g
T,-i„, NghTi, (1W71. Ting Idp lieu lhu\el liii .\'oii,. tap l . N \ b l h j g , 6 , . I l.i No, T,-,i„ Nghia (1997). Tdug ldp niu ihuycl I ,i, .\aiii. tap 2. Nxb The g,6,. I Li N6, XcoNcn f a u h Th, (201] ). H„uu Cl,d„ k,. I lYiin Niihia siioi ihieul. \ \ l > 1 he g,o,. 1 la N o ,
\'i;i,>cn Khoa C-h,c,i, (2003). Sun, 1, ,c,i ^,'„,g ugluip ,l,i„ dii. ,\.^i Due I ho i j \ L U I N U ,
\ c a tuoi ,h,eu|. \ \ b l l o i Nha \ a n . Ila \ o i
TAP CHI KHDA HOC - SO S/ZDlB
61
FENG SHUI CONCEPTS OF NARRATIVE PROSE IN VIETNAMESE MIDDLE AGE
Abstract. Feng Shui is a concept that people use to handle situations and choose among accommodations, mostly jollowing options- choosing locations where satisjy' the psychological and physiological needs, handling the layout of morphological situation including using the advantage of natural circumstances, direction, location, doors, paths, water supply, drainage... Based on these elements and adding the psychological need, people can avoid Ihe evils and take the good things. Some key ideas of Feng Shui are accepted by Vietnamese narrative prose such as "tangphong dac thuy", high valued the South, "Di the thu am"... In addition, there was the impaction of Taoism and Chinese culture on Viemamese narrative prose, however, they also showed the resilience oj Vietnamese culture (through competitions, fighting of the geography teacher, gods.
Vietnamese people and the China).
Keywords- Feng Shui. the South, lavers of earth