MINH TRIET & KINH TE I I TRIET
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Sorn nam bat xu hw&ng phat trien mat cua thiFC tien dieu kien quyet djnh de
phat trien ben vCpng (mp meo ky tnrac)
D GS.TS. Tran Ngoc Hien
Xu hu'dng phat then men cua khoa hoc va cong nghe trong chuyen doi mo hinh
Xu hudng phat trien mdi eua khoa hgc va cdng nghe (KH&CN) la mdt trong nhung nhan to'chu ye'u tao ra uu the'eua kinh te tn thuc. Nhin trong lieh sir kinh te' thi trudng, sy phat trien KH&CN ludn ludn la budc khai dau eho mgt md hinh kinh te' mdi, hay mdt giai dogn mdi eiia md hinh da cd - dd la sy phat trien d tam vdc mgt cupe cdch mang KH&CN.
Hon 300 nam phat trien kinh te' thi trudng da dien ra ba euge each mgng KH&CN. Cupc each mang KH&CN da'u tien da dan tdi eude each mang cdng nghiep d nudc Anh vao the' ky 18, md dau nen van minh edng nghiep tren the' gidi. Cudc each mang KH&CN thli hai vao cud'i the'ky 19 dau the' ky 20 da dua trinh dp phat trien ciia CNTB len giai doan CNTB ddc quyen, md rpng pham vi thd'ng tri ciia CNTB ra phgm vi khu vuc va toan cau.
Cude each mang KH&CN thii ba vao cud'i the ky 20, tao ra nen mong cua kinh te'tri thtic, khdng chi d trinh do mai ciia luc lugng
4 4 THUONG tfM THJY SAN / 5() 154 / THflKG iaZ012
sdn xudt ma edn a to chiec, qudn ly kinh ti, xd hgi, vdn hod vd chinh tri cd vai trd md dudng va phat huy hieu qua cua KH&CN.
Xu hudng phat trieh mdi ciia KH&CN the hien d cdc tiiu chi quan trgng nhu: ham lugng cha't xam trong gia tn san pham, bao dam an sinh xa hdi, bao ve mdi trudng,... ciia cac thanh tuu KH&CN.
Nhung tieu chi mdi eiia phat trien KH&CN bit nguon tir cae xu hudng mdi eua KH&CN:
Xu huang thdm nhdp vdo nhau giiia khoa hoc tu nhien vd cdng nghe vai khoa hgc xd hoi vd nhdn vdn
Ngay tir giiia the' ky 20, xu hudng nay da the hien d mdt sd' nha khoa hpe hang dau. A.
Einstein nha vat Iy vT dai da eho rang "bay gio mdi nha vdt ly phdi ddng thai la mgt nhd triei hgc", va khang dinh: "Ly tuang ciia tdi, ly tuong soi duang vd ludn ddng ddy trong tdi niem cam khdi yeu dat Id Thiin, My, Chdn" .Xu hudng nay khienKH&CNtheky21ngaycang dam tinh xa hgi, tinh nhan van.
Dy bag sdm hon ve xu hudng mdi ciia KH&CN la C. Mac. Cud'i
GS.TS Tr^n Ngoc Hi
the'ky 19 khi nghien ciiu su van dgng cua md hinh cdng nghiep CNTB, Mac da ndi de'n xu hudng tuong lai tham nhap vao nhau giiia 2 linh vuc khoa hpc {ty nhien va xa hgi) va se hinh thanh mgt khoa hpe: khoa hoc vecon ngucri.
Xu huang phdt trien tu do vd todn dien cua cd nhdn
Do xu hudng khoa hpe noi tren tae ddng vao xa hpi, trudc he't la cac nha khoa hpc, gidi tri thiic, lam cho gidi tri thiic trong the ky 21 vugt len ta'm cao mdi (vi tri thirc vd pham chd't), so vdi gidi tri thu'c the' ky 20 gan vdi md hinh cdng nghiep phat trien phien di^n.
Xu hudng phat trien cua ca nhan da dupc mpt so' nha khoa hpc hang dau ndi de'n, nhu y kieh
MINH TRIET & KINH TE MINH TRIET
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ciia A. Enstein: "Chi cd nhdn mdi tao dung dugc nhieng gid tri chdn quy vd cao cd, trong khi bdy ddn, xet nhu bdy ddn, cii mdi vdn Id tri ddn trong tu duy vd tri dgn trong cdm xuc" va "Ne'u khong cd nhieng cd the sdng iao, suy nghi vd phdn xet ddc lap thi su phdt trien lin cao cua xd hgi Id kho tudng tuang" .
Du bao sdm hon cudi the'ky 19, C. Mae cho rang xa hdi tuong lai la "xa hdi md su phdt trien tu do ciia mdi nguai Id dieu kien cho sir phdt trien cua mgi nguai" (Tuyen ngdn Dang Cdng san).
Xu huang hinh thdnh tu duy mai vd phuang phdp mai
Day la xu hudng mdi trong dinh hudng phat trie'n khoa hoc the' ky 21 va dinh hudng phat trien kinh te', xa hpi va ehinh tri, la ke't qua eua 2 xu hudng tren.
Ta'm quan trpng ciia xu hudng nay da khang dinh Idi dan ciia F, Angel ve nhiing gia tr| khoa hpe eua CMac: "Todn bd the'gidi quan cua Mde khdng phdi Id mot hgc thuyii, md la mgt phuang phdp. Nd khdng dem lai nhitng gido dieu cd sdn, md dem lai nhimg diem xud't phdt cho viic tiep tuc nghiin cuu vd phuang phdp cho su nghiin cuu do".
Phuong phap ma F. Angel ndi deh can dupe hieu la phuong phap lugn, la tu duy bien ehung dd'i vdi sy vat khaeh quan dang van dpng, thay dd'i eua mpt he thd'ng. C. Mac quan ni^m su phat sinh, phat trien kinh te thi trudng tir hinh thai TBCN de'n hau tu ban, hgu cdng nghiep la mpt qua trinh Uch ste - tu nhien.
Vl vay, tam nhin khoa hpc - thyc
tien khdng nhimg can cd tu duy Men chOng ma phai gan lien vdi phuang phdp hi thd'ng de phan tich cac mdi quan he tucmg tac trong van ddng phat trie'n.
Tac ddng rd ret nha't ciia xu hudng hinh ihanh tu duy mdi va phuong phap mdi trong hogt ddng khoa hpe la su ra ddi hudng nghien ciiu lien nganh khoa hoe lam cho nghien ciru co ban va ling dyng gan bd vdi nhau, nit ngan thdi gian tir nghien oiu de'n tnen khai. O nudc ta cud'n sach "Lich sie nhin lai dudi gdc do y khoa" aia GS Biii Minh Diec da md ra con dudng Mnh thanh lien nganh khoa hpe mdi d Viet Nam. Cd the ndi, su hinh thanh lien nganh khoa hoc la bieu hien mpt nac thang phat trien mdi oia khoa hpc trong the'ky 21.
Mgt yeu cau mdi trong nam bat xu hudng mdi cua phat trieh khoa hpc la nha nghien oiu, nha khoa hpc can cd pham chat ldnh dao va ky ndng qudn ly the hien d tdm nhin, 6 quan niem cd nhdn ve cdc gid tri trong cudc sd'ng, tgo ra tinh nhat quan trong boat ddng thi se cd siic thu hiit, thuan lgi trong hpp tac vdi mgi ngudi.
Biem quye't dfnh nhdi de nam bat xu hudng phat tnen mdi cua khoa hpc la Nhd nudc can tim eon dudng phil hgp eua da't nude ve phat trieh khoa hgc. Bai hoe thanh cdng cua Phan Lan dang dupc quan tam.
Vao may nam cudi the ky 20, nen kinh te'Phan Lan khiing hoang va tyt hgu, vgy ma chi hon 10 nam da vupt Ien thanh mpt nudc di dau ve cdng nghe thdng tin, vien thdng vdi nhiing
thuong hieu noi tie'ng nhu Nokia, san pham gd gia'y, thie't bi khi hau thuy van; mdi trudng trong lanh cd d«i 90% hd nudc du tieu chuan nude udhg, thu nhap tang gap ddi va lien tue tang, dupc Dien dan Kinh te' The' gidi binh chpn la nudc cd sue canh tranh va tinh minh bach nha't the gidi.
Phan Lan cd dien tich bang Viet Nam, dan so'chl hon 5 trieu ngudi, da tgo ra thanh cdng ky dieu nhd trift ly phdt trien diing:
xdy dung xd hdi sdng tao vd mdi trucmg vdn hod sdng tao theo xu hudng mdi ve khoa hgc. Tnet ly phat trie'n dya vao va phat huy nhiing tiem ndng im viet cua ddn tgc theo xu thtthai dai, chii khdng bat chudc, hpe theo mpt each may mde. Tiem nang ciia dan tpc ve khoa hgc gan lien vdi chdi lugng gido due theo xu hudng mdi, cilng la bai hpe thanh cdng cua Phan Lan, ma du luan d nude My cho rang "mgi nguai tren thi'giai deu simg sot khi thay Phdn Lan noi len nhu mgt vi sao mdi trong linh vuc gido due".
Xu hudng mdi eua khoa hoc cung tac dpng deh nudc phat trie'n. Bai "Khoa hgc a Phdp mat gid" {Tia sang, so 11/2012) ed nguyen nhan do Nha nude coi thudng nhiing ddi hdi eua "xu hu&ng mdi cua khoa hgc, khiin cho khoa hgc ngdy cdng bj mat gid"
trong xa hpi, so' ngudi ehpn con dudng khoa hgc ngay cang it.
Xu hu'dng phat trien mdi cua giao due
Su ehuyen ddi eiia the' gidi hien nay deu hudng tdi vah de eon ngudi, vi con ngudi la tnmg
MINH TRIET & KINH TE MINH TRIET
^T
tam aia xa hdi. Vi vay, suy cho eimg, dpng luc va mue tieu chuyeh theo xu hudng phat trieh mdi phai bat dau tir giao due.
Cling cd nghia la bat dau tir con ngudi va hudng tdi muc tieu phat trie'n tu do va toan dien ciia eon ngudi dugc coi la nen mong cua phat trien be'n vung ve kinh te'va xa hdi.
Nhin vao thyc tien cac nudc phat tnen kinh te' thi trudng thi chat luong giao dye qud'c gia cd y nghia quyii dinh chat lugng cao hay thdp ve phat trien kinh te', khoa hoe va edng nghe, eiing nhu hoat dgng chirih tn va quan
\y. Su lac hau ve gido due se keo theo su tut hau tdt cd cdc linh vuc Vi vay, trinh do va chat Iuong phat trie'n giao duc la tieu ehi dau tien danh gia tam nhin va nang luc lanh dao va quan ly da't nudc trude tac ddng eua xu hudng phat trie'n mdi eiia giao due tir theky 21.
Day la van de rat ldn duoc eac nha khoa hpc, cac chuyen gia tren the'gidi va nudc ta quan tam phan tich dua ra nhieu dinh hudng cai each giao due, trong dd cd mdt so vah de can suy nghi, van dung vao nudc ta.
1) Chinh sdch gido due huang tdi muc tiiu kinh te'hay muc tieu phdt trien con nguoi? Hien da cd cau tra ldi tir sy phat tnen ciia
nude My. Day la nudc giau nha't the'gidi, nhung khoang each giau ngheo ldn nha't, ty le ngudi mac benh tam than nhieu nha't, ty le ngudi ngoi tu ldn nha't. Die'u khd khan nha't cho nudc dang phat trie'n da'u the ky 21 la ddng thdi phai dap iing ca 2 myc tieu. Caeh lam khdn ngoan la la'y muc tieu phat tnen eon ngudi chu dpng sang tgo lam dgng lye va siic day phat trieh kinh te.
2) Nen gido due mdi dugc xdy dung trin nhiing gid tri nhdn vdn ndo? trong mdi truang vdn hod ndo? Hien nay, van minh cdng nghiep chi vi tang eiia eai phieh dien da ldi thdi, cdn nen van hoa mdi phat sinh tir kinh te'tri thiic cdn non tre, nen lo'i sd'ng thyc dung van chi phd'i ddi sd'ng xa hgi, Id'i sd'ng tieu cue tir truyen thd'ng dan tgc dang gay tac ddng ldn hon nhiing net dep ciia van hoa dan tgc. Do dd, mdi trudng van hoa va cai each giao due phai gan lien vdi phat trie'n khoa hpe, vdi phat trie'n kmh te'. Siic manh tong hgp ciia giao due - khoa hgc - kinh te se dap ung dugc Cfl 3 yeu ca'u. Bie't phat huy siic mgnh tong hgp ay la mdt doi hdi cap bach dd'i vdi Nha nudc hien nay.
3) Sire manh tong hgp ndi tren phu thudc vdo hiiu qud gidi quyii cdc moi quan hi sau day:
- Md'i quan he giiia trinh dp nhan thiic xu hudng phat tiioi mdi ve kinh te', khoa hpe va giao due ciia nhiing ngudi Ianh dgo, quan ly Nha nudc vdi chat luong ddi mdi to ehiic va phuang phap boat ddng oia Nha nude.
- Md'i quan h? giiia chat Iupng cua chinh sach giao due va nang lue thyc hien.
- Md'i quan he giira thay vdi tro trong giao due, trong dd thay cd vai trd phat huy ti'nh chu dgng sdng tao ciia trd qua tri thiic lien nganh. Sdm xoa bd lo'i dgy eu, ldi hgc cu, ldi quan ly cu lam eho ea tha'y, trd va da't nude deu tut hgu.
Sdm nam viing xu the' phat trieh mdi oia thdi dai trd thanh mpt thach thiic sd'ng cdn ddi voi da't nude, vdi traeh rUii^m lich su nang ne cua Nha nudc. Dd'i voi nude ta, cdn la mdt yeu cau cap bach vi theo bang xe'p hgng tri tue toan cau thi Viet Nam dang tut hau dan ma miic tut hgu nam 2012 la ldn nha't so vdi nhiing nam trude do (diing thii 76 trong 125 nude) do Td chiic Sd hihi Tri tue Toan cau (WIPO) thudc Uen hpp qud'e cong bo. •
T.N.H.
Hfl Ndi 7/9/2012
^ A.Einstein: Thi'giai nhu toi thay, Nxb Tri thiic, 2005, tr.l7.
^ A.Emstein: The'gidi nhu tdi thay, Nxb Tri thiic, 2005, tr.l9.
^ A Einstein: The'gidi nhu tdi thdy, Nxb Tri thiic, 2005, tr.24.
"CMac va Ph.Angel toan tap, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 1999, tr.39, hr.545.
^ Tgp chl Tia sang, Sd 9-2012.