KINH T f i - XA HOI
NANG CAO CHATLI/aNG
DOI NGU CAN BO, CONG CHLfC C A P XA DAP LHVG YEU CAU MOll
Th.S D o Thai Huy
T r o n g he t h d n g c h i n h trj nifdc t a , can b o , c o n g chiiTc cap CO s d cd vai t r o va dac t h i i q u a n t r o n g . Ho la n h i h i g ngUdi g a n d a n n h a t , trUc t i e p dUa d u d n g I d i , c h i n h sach p h a p luat cua O I n g va Nha nUdc v a o cupc s d n g , trUc t i e p p h u c v u n h a n d a n . D o n g t h d i , can b o , c d n g chdc cap c o s d c u n g la n g u d i d a i d i e n c h o y c h i , q u y e n
Icfi cua n h a n d a n dja p h u o n g . Chu t i c h H d C h i IVIinh da t i m g n d i : "can b d vifa la ngUdi l a n h d a o , vLfa la ngUdi day t d cua n h a n dan". Can b o , c d n g chufc cap xa la d d i n g i i t h e h i e n cu t h e va trifc t i e p n h a t chdc n a n g , y e u cau nay.
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di vai t r d n h u v l y , viec dUa ra nhdng ehe dp, ehinh saeh kjp t h d i ddi vdi can bd, edng chdc cap xa ludn I I van de mang tinh ehien lupc cua su nghiep each mang Viet Nam.Nhan thUe sau s i c van de dd, da cd n h i l u v l n b i n phap ly duac ban h i n h n h I m ho trp, tao dieu kien tdi da cho viec p h I t t r i l n dpi ngii c I n bd, cdng chUc d p ca sd nhU: Quyet djnh sd 874/TTg ngay 20 t h i n g 11 nam 1996 cua Thu tUdng Chinh phu x l e djnh ddi tUpng trpng tam cdng t i c d i o tao, bdi dudng ta d n b d va edng chUc cap ea sd; Hdi nghj lan thU 5, Ban c h i p hanh Trung Udng D i n g k h o i IX da ra Nghj q u y l t sd 17-NQ/TW ngay 18 t h i n g 3 n l m 2002 v l "Ddi mdi va n i n g eao chat lupng hoat d d n g he t h d n g ehinh tri
ed sd x l , phudng, thj tran". Sau khi Nghj q u y l t ra ddi, Chinh phu d l ban h i n h d e Nghi a n h sdl 14/2003/
ND-CP n g l y 10 thang 10 nam 2003, Nghj djnh 121/2003/ND-CP n g l y 21 t h i n g 10 nam 2003 hUdng dan ehi t i l t thi hanh mdt sd d\eu eua Phap lenh can bd, edng ehUc d p x l , Nghj djnh sd 92/2009/ND-CP n g l y 22 t h i n g 10 n l m 2009 quy djnh v l ehUe danh, sd lUpng, mpt sd e h i dp, chfnh sleh ddi vdi c I n bd, cdng chUc xa, phudng, thj tran va nhUng ngudi hoat ddng khdng chuyen
kinh te, van hoa, xa hdi, d i m b l o an ninh chinh trj va trat t u an toan x l hdi tai co sd ndi rieng va trong e l nUde ndi chung.
Theo sd lieu thdng ke cua BanTd ehUc d n bd Chinh phu trudc d l y v l Bd Ndi vu hien nay, tUthang 12/1996 d i n 12/2011, sd lupng dOn vj h i n h ehinh xa phudng, thi tran tang t d 10.264 len 11.027 va den t h i n g 12 nam 2013 la 11.124. Di ddi vdi sU t i n g trudng v l sd lupng den vj hanh chinh cap xa, dpi ngu c I n bd, cdng chUc cung ngay mot gia tang. Nam
trach d p xa... D l y la mdt bude tien quan trpng trong viec thuc hien c h i dp, chinh sleh, t h i hien sU quan t i m cua D i n g va Nha nUdc, tao dieu kien cho eac dja phuang xay dUng, kien toan, cung ed v l dao tao, bdi dudng dpi ngu c I n bd, cdng ehUc.
Trong nhUng n l m qua, dpi ngu d n bd, edng ehUc cap xa da ed nhUng trUdng thanh d i n g ke, gdp phan t o Idn vao qua trinh p h I t trien
2005, tdng sd can bd, cdng ehUe cap x l 11192.438 ngUdi, trong do d n bd chuyen trach 111.124 ngudi, cdng chUe ehuygn mdn la 81.314 ngUdi;
den t h i n g 12 n l m 2013, dpi ngu can bp, cdng chUe ed 256.608 ngudi, trong do sd eIn bd chuyen traeh I I 145.112 ngudi va cdng ehUe chuyen mdn ed 111.496 ngudi.
Ddi vdi d n bp chuyen traeh, cd 120.095 ngUdi lam v i l e tai d e xa.
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chiem 82,76%; 16354 ngudi lam viee tai elc phudng, chiem 11,27%
v l 8.663 tai cle thj tran, chiem 5,97%.
Cd 27.571 can bd ehuygn traeh la ngudi d i n toe thieu sd, trong dd 24.959 ngudi la nU, c h i l m 17,2%.
D l y I I ty le rat thap so vdi yeu c l u va ddi hdi eua thue tien. Cd tren 90%
d n bd ehuygn traeh I I dang vign, hau h i t eac chUe danh can bd ehu chdt d i u la dang vign, dieu nay ndi len vai trd lanh dao cua to chUe D i n g d CO sd tren tat e l d c ITnh vue hoat ddng cda ddi sdng xa hdi tai eo sd.
Dang ehii y 11 lUe lupng can bd trg da tang d i n g ke, theo sd lieu Tdng d i l u tra ndng thdn, ndng nghiep v l thuy s i n nam 2011, sd d n bdxa dUdi 30 tuoi la 1.013 ngUdi, t i n g 25% so n l m 2006; sd d n bd tU 30 d i n dudi 40 tuoi 11 6.510 ngudi, tang 14,6%. Ben canh do sd can bd tU40 den dUdi 50 tudi da giam 23%, t u 17.541 ( n l m 2006) xudng eon 13.509 ngudi (nam 2011). Du dpi ngii nay cd g i l m nhe ve sd lupng song xu hudng trg hda dpi ngu can bd chO chdt cap xa la mpt dau hieu tich eUc eho thay dpi ngu nay dang dupe d i thien ve chat.
Cdn ddi vdi cdng ehUe chuyen mdn, cung ed d i n 82,4% tuong duong 91.951 ngudi lam viee tai d e xa, 13.536 ngUdi l i m viee tai c l e phudng, chiem 12,14% v l con sd d d tai d c thj tran I I 6 0 0 9 ngudi, c h i l m 5,39%, cdng chUe nU I I 28.097 ngudi, c h i l m 25,20%. Sd cdng ehUe la ngudi dan tpc thieu sd chi chiem 15,90% tuong Ung 17.728 ngUdi.
Trinh dp ehuygn mdn, nghigp vu eua can bd, cdng ehUc d p x l eung dang dupe c i i thien d i n g ke.
N i u nhu n l m 2005, c l nudc van cdn 255 d n bp ehu chdt ca sd chua b i i t ehu, c h i l m 0,23%; 5644 d n bd ed trinh dd van h o i tieu hoe, c h i l m 2,93%; 30.940/81.314 edng chUe ehua qua dlotaochuyen mdn, chiem 38,05%; sd can bd chUa ed trinh dp ehuyen mdn la 62.876/111.124 ngudi, c h i l m 56,58%, thi d i n n l m 2011, trinh dp van hoa va trinh dp ehuyen mdn cua eIn bd ehu chdt cap xa lign tuc tang qua 5 nam. Cu
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t h i : gan 90,3% d n bd ehu chdt cap xa ed trinh dp tdt nghiep THPT ( n l m 2006 dat 78,6%); 95,5% ed trinh dp tU trung cap trd lgn (nam 2006 I I 81,7%). Dang chu y I I ty le can bd chu chdt cap xa cd trinh dp ehuyen mdn tU dai hpc t r d len t i n g rat nhanh tU 11,7% nam 2006 lgn 32,4%
nam 2011. Cle vung cd t y le d n bd chu chdt cap xa cd trinh dp chuyen mdn t u dai hoe t r d lgn dat d mUc cao la DNB (54,5%), DBSCL (43,6%), BTB v l DHMT (35%), ddng bang sdng Hdng (30,3%) va thap nhat la vung TDMNPB (21 %). N l m 2011, trong sd dpi ngu d n bd ehu chdt, ty le d n bp nU ed tang nhe, dat 5,4% so vdi mUc 3,9% eua n l m 2006. Viing cd can bp ehii chdt xa la nU chiem ty le eao, tdc dp tre hoa nhanh, trinh dp v l n h o i , ehuygn mdn tU trung cap t r d len eao nhat la DBSCL: Ty le nU dat 8,9%
(nam 2006 la 4,7% va nam 2001 la 2%). Ve dp tudi, n d dUdi 30 tudi c h i l m 25,12% trong lUc lUpng nU (ty le n l y d elc nam 2006 la 19,21 %) va chiem 31,3% trong sd d n bd eung Ida tudi. Can bd ehu chdt xa I I nCf ed trinh dp THPT dat 97,5% so vdi 88,8% n l m 2006 va 66,5% nam 2001. Ve ehuyen mdn nghigp vu, nCf ed trinh dp t d trung cap, cao d i n g c h i l m 54,19% ( n l m 2011) trong tdng sd nU v l chiem 9% trong tdng sd d n bd eung trinh dp; Dai hpe t r d len: 41,63% (2011) trong t d n g sd nU v l c h i l m 8,5% trong tdng sd d n bd cung trinh dp. Trong khi dd, ddng bang sdng Hdng ty le nU d n bd ehu chdt d p xa thap nhat e l nudc: 2,7%.
D i n n l m 2013, c l nude da cd 32.142 d n bp ehuyen trach ed trinh dp dai hoe, chiem 22,15%; 6.095 cd trinh dp eao dang, c h i l m 4,20%; ddi vdi trinh dp trung cap, so d p va chUa qua dao tao, sd lieu can bd ehuyen trach lan luat I I : 52.429 chiem 36,13%; 9.375 c h i l m 6,46%; 45.071 chiem 31,06%. Cdng chUe ehuyen mdn cd 27.539 ngUdi co trinh dp dai hpe, c h i l m 24,70%; 6.790 ngUdi ed trinh dp cao dang, c h i l m 6,09%;
66.251 ngUdi cd trinh dp trung d p , ehiem 59,42%; trinh dp sa d p 11 2.409 ngUdi, c h i l m 2,16%; eon lai la
8.507 ngUdi tUOng Ung 7,63% chua qua d i o tao. Ddi c h i l u vdi quy dinh hien hanh ve tieu chuan, trinh dp ehuyen mdn, thi cd d i n 20,88% dpi ngu d n bd, edng chUe x l chua dat chuan theo quy ^ n h , sd d n bd nly can p h i i dupe dUa v I o quy hoaeh d i o tao, bdi dudng n i n g eao trong thdi gian tdi. Thuc trang n l y dat ra yeu cau cap t h i l t cho c l e cap q u i n ly n h i nUde, d n p h i i khan trUOng t i l n hanh cdng t i c quy hoach, d i o tao, bdi dudng n i n g cao v l t d chUc tdt edng t i e dao tao, boi dudng ddi vdi dpi ngu d n bd, edng chUc cap xa.
Chung ta hien ed mdt dpi ngu can bd, cdng chUc cap ca sd nhilu hon c l dpi ngij d n bd, cdng ehUc hanh ehinh cCia 3 d p : Trung Udng, cap tinh va cap huyen cdng lai. Tuy nhlgn, sd lupng d n bd, edng chu'c capxa ddng nhUngchua manh.
Qua p h l n tieh nhdng sd ligu ve thUc trang ddi ngu d n bd, cong ehUeeap e o s d t r e n cho t h I y : Trinh dp, n i n g lUe cua dpi ngu nay tuy da dupc n i n g lgn nhUng chua ngang tam vdi ygu c l u , nhigm vu va cdn n h i l u bat cap, han ehe. Ro net nhat la sU b i t e l p v l nang lUc q u i n ly nha nude, q u i n ly x l hoi, ky nang thUe t h i cdng vu cung nhir k h i n i n g van d u n g khoa hpc cdng nghe hien dai trong edng t i e q u i n ly, edng viec ehuygn mdn, nghigp vu, n h l t I I dap Ung ygu d u q u i n ly d d thj t r o n g dieu kien mdi, yeu c l u cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ndng nghiep ndng thdn, x l y dUng ndng t h d n mdi. Tinh than t r i c h nhiem, y thUe t d chdc ky luat cOa mdt b d p h l n d n bd, cdng chdc cap xa eon y l u , phong c l e h l i m viec cham ddi mdi, tinh than phuc vu n h i n d i n ehUa cao; te quan ligu, t h a m n h i j n g , lang phi, sach nhieu d i n ehUa dupc ngan chan, lam g i l m hieu luc cCia bd may hanh chinh nha nude. Tmh trang hang hut d e t h i hg d n bd, edng chdc d e l p x l cdn kha phd b i l n , t h i l u dpi ngu ndng cdt ke can cd trinh dp eiiuygn m d n eao.
(Xem tiep trang 48)
4K^ Quoc T^
c h i l n lupe thi trudng du Ijch mdi ndi, e h i l n lupc du lich khu vue, ehien lupc p h l t t r i e n s i n pham du Ijeh mdi, ehiln lupc ngudn vdn du Ijeh, e h i l n lupc " N h i vd ^ c h du Ijch Singapore".
Trong "Du Ijeh 2015" (nam 2005), Singapore tap t r u n g p h I t t r i l n d e t h j trUdng ehinh vdi p h u a n g c h i m tao sU hieu biet t d t hon ve Singapore, phat t r i l n Singapore thanh mdt d i l m d u Ijeh
" p h i i den" e i i thien tigu ehuan djch vu n h I m cung d p cae djeh vu d i n g nhd cho khach du lich, n i n g cap co sd ha tang du Ijeh, phat trien d c doanh nghiep du Ijeh va ngudn n h i n lue du ljch ehuygn nghigp, phat trien d c s i n pham trpng tam cua du ljch...
N l m 2012, Singgapore chi 300 trieu dd Sing de td ehUe d e sd kien du ljch, ehi 340 trigu do Sing phat trien eae san pham du lieh, ehi 265 trieu do Sing phat t r i l n ngudn n h i n luc du ljch. D i n nam 2015, Singapore se dau tU eho Quy phat t r i l n du Ijch la 2 ty do Sing, dU k i l n ddn k h o i n g 17 trieu k h i c h du Ijeh qudc t l va doanh thu tU du Ijch k h o i n g 30 ty do Sing.
Indonesia: Phat t r i e n d u Ijch dua vao cong d d n g
Indonesia da x l y dUng C h i l n lupc tdng t h i p h I t t r i l n du ljch den
nam 2025, theo d d se tap trung chinh vao viee n i n g eao c h i t lupng du lieh. Mue dieh eua e h i l n lUpe nay 11 se phat t r i l n k h o i n g 50 diem d i n quy md qude gia vdi mpt sd "hanh lang du ljch", lUpng khach qude t l Udc tinh se dat 25 trieu lUpt ngUdi.
Cung vdi C h i l n lUpc la mdt k l hoach phat t r i l n d i n n l m 2015 vdi npi dung tap trung p h I t t r i l n 3 loai hinh chinh la du Ijeh sinh thai, du ljch ndng t h d n va du lieh b i l n . Ddi vdi du Ijeh ndng t h d n se trien khai tren 54 diem, du ljch sinh t h i i I I 50 d i l m d d e vUdn qudc gia.
Theo sd lieu eua Co quanThdng ke Qudc gia, trong nam 2013, Indonesia d l ddn k h o i n g 8,8 trieu khaeh du Ijeh nude ngoai, tang 9,4% so vdi n l m 2012. Chi tigu cho du Ijeh dat 10,28 ty USD, trong dd ehi tieu eiia du k h i c h qude t l va npi dja lan lUpt t i n g 15% va 7%. Tdng cpng, nganh du ljch da ddng gdp 74 ty USD (bao gdm d ddng gdp trUc t i l p v l g i l n t i l p ) vao nen kinh te dat nUde, c h i l m 9,2% GDR
Nganh du Ijeh Indonesia cd nhUng diem manh ndi trdi nhU dUng thU 6 t h i gidi v l d e ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, ed n h i l u di s i n t u nhien vdi sU da dang v l phong phii cua elc he ddng thue vat, ngudn t i i nguyen v l n hda phong phu ( x l p thU 38) vdi 10 dja d i l m
dupe edng nhan di s i n van hda t h i gidi, t h u d n g xuygn t d chUe cae hpi ehp t r i l n lam trong nUde v l qude t l , v l d c nganh cdng nghiep sang tao manh me. N g o l i ra, Indonesia cdn dUng thU 21 trong n g l n h cdng nghiep LU hanh va Du ljch (T&T) v l g i l canh tranh nhd g i l k h i c h san, ve phuong tien di lai, lg phi s i n bay v l gia nhign ligu thap. B l o d o eanh tranh LQ h i n h va Du Ijch 2013 eua D i l n dan Kinh t i T o l n d u 2013 eho thay trien vpng cua nganh du Ijch dat nude Van D I o rat k h i quan, thU hang cCia Indonesia d l t i n g 4 b l e so vdi n l m 2011, len vj t r i 70 trong t d n g sd 140 qude gia dupc khao sit.
Indonesia cd ehu truong phIt trien du Ijch dua vao cdng ddng.
Chinh phu hd trp phat trien b l n g viec cho thue d I t vdi g i l r l di edng ddng l i m du Ijch, ddng thdi hudng dan va d i o tao edng ddng ve nghiep vu du ljch. Cle s i n p h i m ehfnh dupe djnh hudng: du lieh di s i n , du ljch sinh t h i i , du Ijch danh golf, du Ijeh lan b i l n , du lieh MICE. Bd Du Ijch va Kinh t l sang tao Indonesia dat mue tieu tang luong k h i c h du ljch nUdc ngoai len 6-8% trong n l m 2014, tuong duong vdi 9,3-9,5 trieu lUpt khach khi chinh phu t i l p tue day manh cdng tac nang cap v l phIt t r i l n ep sd ha tang tai 16 dja diem du lieh uu t i l n tren quan d i o . /.
NANG CAO CHAT LUONG DOI NGU...
Be xay dung dupe dpi ngu can bd, cdng chUe cap co sd dap Ung ygu eau x l y dimg va p h I t t r i l n dat nUde, nhat I I trong giai doan Dang va N h i nUdc ta t i l p tuc thUe hien dudng ldi ddi mdi, t i l n hanh edng nghiep h o i , hien dai hoa, can tap trung g i l i q u y l t ddng bd mdt sd g i l i p h I p nhU: N i n g eao higu luc, hieu qua q u i n ly n h i nude ve edng tac x l y dUng, quy hoaeh, lap ke hoaeh dao tao, bdi dudng dpi ngu d n bp cdng ehUe cap xa; N i n g cao mat b l n g dan trf eua ngudi dan
(Tiep theo trang 22) ndi ehung va trinh dp hpe van cua dpi ngu can bp cdng ehUc cap xa ndi rieng; X l y diing ehinh sleh tao ngudn d n bd va thuc hien dao tao, bdi dudng ddi vdi e l c chUe danh d n bd va vj t r i cdng chUc cap xa, ddng thdi, bao d i m ngudn kinh phf d i o tao, bdi dudng can bd, edng chUe d p x l theo p h l n cap; D i n g va Nha nudc can ban hanh nhUng chinh sach d i e t h i i phu hpp vdi d i e diem tinh hinh, thpc trang ngu d n bp edng chUe cap x l ddi vdi tUng khu vUc; Bd tri, sU dung cd hieu q u i .
hpp ly sd d n bd edng chdc cap x l d l duoe dao tao, bdi dUdng; Tre hda dpi ngij c I n bd d ca sd, uu tien tuyen d u n g edng ehUe xa la ngudi d dja phuang, con em d i n toe trgn dja ban cd trinh dp ehuygn mdn cao, t i n h nguyen v l edng tac tai dja phuong; X l y dung k l hoach luan e h u y i n , t i n g cudng c I n bd tinh, h u y l n v l nhOng ca sd cdn y l u kem h o l e cd n h i l u d n bd chUa duoc d i o tao v l ehuyen m d n , nghigp vu;
Tranh thCi ele ngudn n g l n sleh cua Trung uong, d e chuong trinh, dU an d t r o n g va ngoai nude n h I m dap Ung yeu eau cdng t i e d i o tao, bdi dudng d n bd, cdng ehUc c l p xa trong thdi diem hien tai va nhUng nam v l sau./.