52 TAP CHf P H A T T R i i N NHAN LlJC, SO 2(33)-2013
QUAN DIEM CUA DANG TA VE PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA, PHAT HUY BAN SAC V A N ^ H O A DAN TOC
v i MUC TIEU PHAT TRIEN BEN VUfNG
NGUYEN THI THU HIEN <
V
dl bd'i canh todn cau hda vd hdi nhdp qudc te hien nay, bat ky qude gia ndo ttong chien Ifldc phat ttien cfla minh eung chu y den sfl phat trien van hda, bdi le cdi lam nen sflc manh thdi dai cfla mpt dan tde, mdt xa hdi ttd thanh hidn dai vdn minh khdng chi la kinh id. Id khoa hpc - cdng nghe...ma con Id vdn hda. Chung la khdng the xem nhe vai ttd cfla van hda dd'i vdi sfl phdt ttien ndi chung, phat trien eon ngfldi toan dien ndi rieng. Chinh sfl phat tridn cfla van hda lam eho qua uinh phdt trien ttd nen ben vttng vd cd y nghia. Bat cfl sfl phdt trien nao ve cdc mat kinh te, khoa hpc - cdng nghd... md dan den lam huy hoai nhijng gid tti ttuydn tiidng cfla van hda dan tdc, ldm xau di quan he gifla con ngfldi vdi con ngfldi thi sfl phdt ttien d'y cung ttd thdnh vd nghia.
Trong budi Ie phat ddng "Thap ky the gidi ve phat ttien van hda ", Tdng giam ddc td chflc UNESCO - dng Federico da tiJng tuydn bd:
"Khi mue tieu tang ttifdng kinh te ddt ra md lach rdi mdi trfldng vdn hda tiii ke't qud thu dfldc se rat khap khiing, mat cdn ddi cd vd kinh td Ian van hda, ddng thdi tiem ndng sdng tao cfla moi dan tdc se bi suy ye'u di rat nhieu".
Gido sfl Tran Van Giau, mdt nhd khoa hpc uy tin cfla nfldc ta da tiifng ndi: "Mdt dan tdc khi mat ddc Idp ve chinh tti tiii cdn cd tiie gidnh lai dfldc, edn khi da ddnh mat ban sac van hoa
dan tdc till se mat het". Khi ndi ve vai ttd cfla vdn hda ttong phdt ttien, C. Mdc ngfldi sang lap Chfl nghia xa hdi khoa hpc da khdng dinh rdng: "Vdn hda (.) neu phat trien mdt cdch tfl phdt, khdng dfldc hfldng din mdt cdch tfl gidc till nd se de lai dang sau nhu^g hoang mac""*.
Sinh tiidi Chii tich Ho Chi Mmh dd tflng ndi;
"Mud'n xdy dflng Chfl nghia xa hdi phai co nhttng con ngfldi xd hpi ehu nghia ", vd "Vi ldi ich mfldi ndm thi phai ttdng cay, vi ldi ieh ttdm ndm thi phdi ttdng ngfldi". Trong quan nidm cfla Ngfldi, vide phdt trien con ngfldi Vidt Nam todn didn dfldc coi la muc tieu. Id ddng Iflc cfla edng cudc xay dflng xa hpi mdi, dong thdi viec phat ttien con ngfldi Viet Nam loan didn ludn gan lien vdi stf phat tridn van hda, gii?
gin, phdt huy ban sac van hoa dan tdc, khdng ngflng nang cao trinh dp van hda vd quyen hfldng thu thanh qua van hda dan tdc cho nhan dan lao dpng, chinh vi vdy md Ngfldi chi ro:
"Cudc cdch mang xd hpi chu nghia Id mdt cudc bien ddi khd khdn vd sdu sdc nhat. Chung ta phdi xay dflng mdt xa hdi hodn todn mdi chfla ti^g cd ttong lieh sfl^ dan toe ta, chiing ta phSi thay ddi tiiet de nhflng nep sd'ng, tiidi quen, suy nghi vd tiidnh kien cd gd'c rl sdu xa hang ngdn ndm.. chung la phdi bien mdt dd't nfldc dd't ndt, cflc khd tiianh mdt nfldc ed van hda
'•' ThS., Gidng vi§n Trudng Dai hpc Cong nghi#p Thanh pho Ho Chf Minh.
*'' C.M^c vS Ph.Angghen. Toin tap, t$p 32, tr.45 (ti^ng Nga)
«' H 6 Chr Minh. Toin tip. t.8. Nxb Chi'nh tri qudc
gia. H & N 6 I , 1996, tr. 493 - 494
NGUYIN THI THU HIEN - QUAN DIEM COA OANG TA. 53 cao vd dfldc sd'ng tiidi vui, hanh phflc "'^*. Theo
Ngfldi, phdt trien vdn hda phai nham muc dich ndng cao ddi so'ng tinh than eho nhan dan lao dpng, "vdn hda phdi thiet thflc phuc vu nhan dan, gdp phin vao viec ndng cao ddi sdng tfldi vui, Idnh manh cfla quan chung"''' vd phdt trien van hda phdi "ddng thdi phdt ttidn nhflng tmyen thdng tdt dep cfla vdn hda dan tdc vd hip thu nhflng edi mdi cfla vdn hda tien bp, tidn tien tten thd' gidi dd xdy dflng nen van hda Viet Nam ed tinh ddn tdc, khoa hpc, dai chung".
Ddng ta xdc dinh, lay chfl nghia Mdc - Lenin vd tfltfldng H6 Chi Minh ldm nen lang tfl tfldng, lam "kim ehi nam" eho mpi hoat ddng cfla minh. Tren cd sd tha'm nhuan sau sac nhflng tfl tfldng chien Ifldc cfla chfl nghia Mdc - Lenin ve van hda vd san vd tfltfldng Ho Chi Minh ve vai trd phdt trien van hda vdi phat trien xa hpi tren day; ddng thdi van dung sang tao vdo ttoig hodn cdnh lieh sfl - eu the eua nfldc ta.
Dang ta cho rang, gifla phat trien vdn hda, phdt huy ban sac van hda dan tdc vdi phdt tnen eon ngfldi Viet Nam loan dien vi mue tieu phdt trien ben vttng cd sfl gan ket chat che vdi nhau.
Trong do, phdt trien con ngfldi Vidt nam loan dien vfla la trung lam cfla chien Ifldc phdt trien, vfla Id chfl the cfla ehien Ifldc phat trien. Cdn vdn hda la ndn tang tinh than cfla xa hdi, dong flidi cung Id muc tieu. Id ddng life ndi sinh quan ttpng cfla sfl phdt trien ben viftig do.
Khi coi vdn hda Id nen tdng tinh thdn cua xd h$i chinh la xem van hda Id ed sd, nen tang ma ttdn dd cde nhan td khde eua ddi sdng xd hdi dfldc trien khai, dfldc tiiflc hidn ttong sfl chi phd'i eua van hda lam eho xa hdi van ddng phdt ttien. Gifla phdt trien vdn hda vd phdt ttidn xa hpi cd mdi quan he tdc ddng bien ehflng vdi nhau. Xd hdi tdc ddng anh hfldng tdi van hda d chd, nhiftig didu kidn kinh te, chinh tii, xa hdi... ed anh hfldng da dang vd manh me ddi vdi sfl phdt tridn eua van hda. Ngflde lai.
'^'Ho Chf Minh. Sdd, t.10. tr.59
vdn hda Idc dpng den xa hdi thdng qua cac chflc nang cfla nd nhfl: chflc ndng td chflc xa hdi; chflc ndng dieu chiitii xd hdi; chflc nang giao tidp; chflc gido due. Nhd chflc ndng id chflc xa hpi, vdn hda ldm ldng dd dn dmh cfla xa hdi. cung d p cho xa hdi nhung phfldng tien can thie't de flng phd vdi mdi ttu'dng tfl nhien vd mdi trfldng xa hdi. Nhd chflc nang dieu chinh xa hdi, van hda giup cho xa hpi duy tri ttang thai can bdng ddng, khdng ngflng tfl hodn thien vd thich flng trfldc nhflng bien ddng cfla mdi trfldng, giup dinh hfldng cdc chuan mfle xd hdi vd lam ddng life eho sfl phdt trien xd hdi. Nhd chflc nang giao tiep, van hda ttd lhanh sdi ddy ndi lien eon ngfldi vdi eon ngfldi. Nhd chflc nang gido due, van hda giup hinh lhanh nhdn edeh eon ngfldi (ttdng ngfldi), van hda Id mdt thfl "gien" xa hdi de di ttuydn lai nhDng pham chat td't dep cfla xd hdi cho cdc the' he sau.
Vdn hda la muc tieu cda xa hgi, bdi vi, sfl phdt trien cua xd hdi la tfl con ngfldi, do con ngfldi, vi con ngfldi. Con ngfldi la vdn quy nha't, eham lo cho hanh phuc eua eon ngfldi la mue tidu cao nha't cfla che dp ta. Do vdy, sfl phdt ttien cfla van hda phai gan lien vdi sfl phdt tridn cfla eon ngfldi, nham dd gidi phdng vd phdt huy mpi tiem nang sdng tao cua con ngfldi, ldm cho con ngfldi phdt trien todn dien,
"eon ngfldi phdt trien eao ve tti tue, cfldng ttdng ve the ehd'l, phong phu ve tdm hon, ttong sang ve dao dfle". Tao mpi didu kien cho eon ngfldi phdt huy cao nhd't sflc life, tri tue vd tam huyet cfla nunh nham mflu ciu hanh phflc cho ban thdn, gia dinh va xa hdi.
Vdn hoa Id dgng lUc ngi sinh cua stt phdt trien xd hgi, bdi Ie, ddng life xa hdi la lit ed nhiing gi cd khd nang kich thich thuc day sfl phdt tiidn xa hdi. Vai ttd ddng life phdt trien xa hdi cfla van hda the liien d chd, van hda hfldng con ngfldi vdo nhiing nhu ciu, ldi ieh chinh ddng de tao thdnh ddng life phdt tridn xa hpi. Khi kich thich vao ede gia tri vdn hda se ta't yeu ldm thay doi boat ddng cua con ngfldi.
Ngdy nay, ttong xu hfldng todn cau hda vd hdi
54 NGUYEN THI THU H I I N - QUAN DIEM CUA B A N G TA...
nhap qudc te, sfl giao IflU vdn hda se td't yeu ddn ddn sfl eanh ttanh ve van hda, khi dd y thflc bao ton vdn hda dan tdc se tao thdnh tinh tiian ttf tdn dan tpc, tiidnh sflc de khdng tiiuc day ngfldi Vipt Nam pha'n dd'u kien cfldng vd manh me hdn vi mpt dd't nfldc tfldi dep ttong tfldng lai.
Vdi nhan tiiflc nhfl vay, ngay tfl ndm 1943, Dang ta da dfla ra "De cfldng vdn hda ndm 1943", day cd the coi Id cfldng ITnh diu lien cfla edng cudc xdy dflng nen van hda mdi cfla Viet Nam. Trong De cfldng, Ddng ta da dfla ra nhflng nhdn dinh tdng qudt ve lieh sfl vd linh chat cfla vdn hda Vidt Nam qua cdc thdi dai, chi rd nguy cd cfla vdn hda Viet Nam dfldi deh tiid'ng tri, nd dich cfla thflc ddn Phdp vd phdt xit Nhat, de tfl do de ra dfldng ldi lien hdnh cdch mang van hda vdi ba ddc tnfng cd ban Id;
Ddn tgc hda - Dgi chung hoa - Khoa hgc hda.
Day la mdt cfldng linh mang lim chien Ifldc vi ndi dung cua nd gan ke't chat che gifla muc tidu trfldc mat vdi muc tieu lau ddi cua cdch mang Viet Nam, phu hdp vdi quy ludt van ddng cua lieh sfl dan Idc.
Tai Dai hdi Dai bieu todn qud'c Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Ian thfl XI, Dang ta nha'n manh:
"Tang ttu'dng kinh te phai ket hdp hdi hda vdi phat trien van hda, thflc hien lien bp va cdng bang xa hpi"; ddng thdi, "md rdng dan chfl, phdt huy tdi da nhan to con ngfldi, coi con ngfldi la chfl the, ngudn Iflc chfl ye'u va la muc tieu cfla sfl phat ttien"*"" vd "xay dflng nen van hda Viet Nam tien tie'n, dam dd ban sac ddn tdc, phdt ttien lodn dien, tiidng nhd't ttong da dang, tham nhuan sdu sdc tinh than nhan vSn, ddn chfl, tien bd, Ldm cho vdn hda gan kel chat che vd tha'm sdu vao todn bd ddi sd'ng xa hdi, trd thdnh nen tdng tinh than vflng chac, lhanh sflc manh npi sinh quan trpng cfla phdt ttien..."*5'
Dfldng ldi, chfl OnTdng cua Dang ta tren day Id hodn todn dung dan. Day Id sfl tdng ket ve ly luan vd tiiflc tien cdch mang d nfldc ta vd kinh nghidm cfla cde nfldc tten thd'gidi. Dfldng ldi ay Id hodn todn phu hdp vdi xu tiie cfla tiidi dai ngdy nay, vdi cdng cupc ddi mdi ngdy cdng di vdo chieu sdu d nfldc ta hien nay. Dd cd the thflc hien thdnh cdng muc tieu chidn Ifldc la xdy dflng mpt nfldc Vidt Nam "dan gidu, nfldc manh, dan chfl, cdng bang, vdn minh" ddi hoi chung la phdi phdt tiien hdi hda gifla kinh id vdi van hda, xa hpi, la'y con ngfldi ldm tiung tdm, tat cd vi con ngfldi Viet Nam phat tiidn loan dien.
Thflc tien cho thdy, mdt khi vdn hda khdng dfldc phdt trien, bdn sac van hda ddn tdc khdng dfldc gifl gin, phdt huy; moi quan he gitta kinh te vd van hda ttong qud trinh phat ttien khdng dfldc gidi quye't mdt each hdp ly, dung ddn tiii nhiing tiem nang phat trien cfla da't nfldc, cua eon ngfldi Viet Nam se bi suy ye'u, khi dd nhiSig van hdi eho sfl phai trien tiep theo cfla dat nfldc cung khdng die cd dfldc. Van hda cd chflc ndng hfldng con ngfldi tdi cdi dung, cdi tiiidn, cai dep, vi the phdt trien vdn hda. gifl gin phat huy ban sdc van hda ddn tdc se giup khdi day tiem nang sdng tao vd tan cua nguon life con ngfldi, giup con ngfldi khai thdc tdt nhd't nhiftig ngudn life khdc cho sif phdt trien ben vttng.
Do dd, tdng trfldng kinh te'nhanh ttong c6 chd thi trfldng ludn ddi hdi chung ta phai gii? gin, phdt huy bdn sdc vdn hda ddn tdc, gidi quydt dung ddn vd hdp ly moi quan hd gitta kinh id vd vdn hda trong qua trinh phat trien. Day chinh la cd sd. Id ndn tdng cho sfl phdt trien ben vflng. Sfl phat tiien khdng chi vi tiie he chung ta hdm nay ma cdn vi tfldng lai mudn ddi con chdu mai sau./.
'*' D§ng C6ng sdn Vi$t Nam Vin ki$n D^i hpi d^i biiu toin quic lin thd XI. Nxb Chfnh trj qu6c qia Hh NOI, 2011, tr.98,100
'=' Ddng C^ng sdn Vi^t Nam. Sdd, tr.75,76