THW T I £ N - KINR NCHItM
VE GHI AM, GHI HINH HBI HOI CUNG U CAN
HOANG DINH D U Y £ N '
Ghi am, ghi hinh c6 am thanh trong qud trinh hdi cung hi can la quy dinh mdi cua Bp lu|t T 6 tung hinh sy nam 2015. Qua nghien cuu trinh ty, thii tyc ghi am, ghi hinh co Sm thanh, tdc gia neu I£n m$t so bit cdp trong quy dinh vl cdc trudng hyp bit bupe, khdng bat bu$c thye hifn; bat cap trong quy trinh thye hifn...
Tir khda: Ghi dm trong hdi cung; ghi hinh co dm thanh trong hdi cung.
Nhdn bdi: 23/10/2019; biin tapxong: 29/11/2019; duyet bdi: 04/12/2019.
Ghi am, ghi hinh cd dm thanh trong td tyng hinh sy Id vide sii dyng phuang tien thiet bi ky thuat de ghi lgi dm thanh hoae hinh dnh cd dm thanh trong qua trinh hdi cung bi can; lay ldi khai ngudi dai dien theo phdp lugt cua phap nhan thuong mai; Idy ldi khai cua ngudi 1dm chiing, ngudi bi hgi, duong sy; ddi chat; tiep nhdn td gide, tin bdo ve tpi pham vd kien nghi khdi td. Theo do, Bd lugt Td tung hinh sy (BLTTHS) nam 2015 quy dinh nhu sau:
Viee hdi cung bi can tgi ca sd giam giir hogc tai try sd Co quan dieu tta (CQDT), CO quan dugc giao nhiem vy tien hdnh mdt sd hogt ddng dieu tra phai dugc ghi am hogc ghi hinh ed dm thanh.
Vifc hdi eung bi can tgi dia diem khac dugc ghi dm hoae ghi hinh ed am thanh theo yeu eau cua bi can hoae cua co quan, ngudi ed tham quydn tien hanh td tung (khoan 6 Dilu 183), viec lly ldi khai cua ngudi 1dm chiing cd thi ghi dm hoae ghi
hinh ed dm thanh (Dieu 187); viec lay ldi khai cua bi hai, duong sy cd the ghi dm hoae ghi hinh cd dm thanh (Dieu 188);
khi CO quan, td chiic, cd nhdn trye tiep td giac, bao tin ve tgi phgm, kien nghi khdi td thi CQDT, Vifn kiem sat, ea quan duge giao nhifm vu tien hdnh mdt sd boat ddng dieu tta phai lap bien ban tiep nhan va ghi vao sd tiep nhgn; cd the ghi dm hogc ghi hinh cd dm thanh vifc tiep nhan (khoan I Dieu 146).
Nhu vay, viec ghi dm, ghi hinh cd dm thanh dugc quy dinh trong BLTTHS nam 2015 ed the thye hien trong nhieu trudng hpp. Tuy nhien, mdt boat ddng phd bien, thudng xuyen md qua trinh gidi quyet tat cd cdc vu an hinh sy deu phdi thye hien, dd la hdi cung bi can. Theo do, vifc quy dinh ghi dm, ghi hinh khi hdi eung bi can xuat phdt tu nhiing ly do sau: Ghi dm, Phd ThCi truvng Ca quan dieu tra hinh sy khu vpc Tdng cue hpu can, Bd Qude phong.
Tfp chi
KIEM SAT_ So 07/2020
THUC T I £ N - KINH NGHIEM
ghi hinh ed dm thanh khi hdi cung bi can Id mpt gidi phap ky thuat, dua edc hogt ddng tu phdp vao khudn khd ehudn m y e . Quy dinh ghi dm hogc ghi hinh cd dm thanh khi hdi eung bi can; lam vifc vdi ngudi Idm chiing, bi hgi, duong sy, ngudi to gide tdi phgm cung x u l t phdt tii thye tiln trong qua ttinh gidi q u y l t vy dn hinh sy ed xay ra trudng hgp ep cung, dung nhue hinh nhdm dam bao tinh khach quan cua budi hdi eung Idy ldi khai; ket qua eac cudc hdi eung, l l y ldi khai dupe ghi am, ghi hinh edn d u g c su dyng Id ehiing cii ciia vy an, giup cdc c o quan tien hdnh td tyng ehung minh hdnh vi phgm tdi, xdc dinh sy that khdeh quan vy an, bdo ddm tinh khdeh quan, trung thye cua co quan tien hdnh td tyng trong qua trinh gidi quyet vu an hinh sy; la co sd de ndng cao trinh dp nang lyc eua Dieu tta vien (DTV) va day nhanh qud trinh gidi quyet vy an hinh sy; dap u n g yeu cdu ddu tranh phdng, chdng tdi phgm. Vi budi Idm vifc duge ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh nen yeu cdu D T V trude khi tien hdnh hdi cung, phdi nghien ciiu ky hd so de cd cdu hdi phu hgp, diing trpng tam vy dn, cd chien thuat hgp ly, phli hgp de khai thac het cdc thdng tin cd lien quan den vu dn.
Tren co sd quy dinh ciia BLTTHS nam 2015 ve ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh, Thdng ttr lien tich sd 03/2018/TTLT- BCA-VKSNDTC-TANDTC-BQP ngay 01/02/2018 eua Bd Cdng an, Vifn kilm sat nhdn dan tdi cao, Tda an nhdn dan tdi cao, Bp Quoc phdng (Thdng tu lien tieh sd 03/2018) hudng dan ve trinh ty, thii tuc thye hifn ghi am hogc ghi hinh cd dm
thanh; su dung, bdo qudn, luu tru k i t qud ghi dm hogc ghi hinh cd am thanh trong qua trinh dieu tta, tmy td, xet xir. Theo dd, cham nhdt d i n ngdy 01/01/2020 phdi thye hien thdng nhdt vifc ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh ttong dieu tta, truy td, xet xir tten phgm vi todn qude.
1. M 6 t s6 b i t cap t r o n g quy dinh v l ghi am, ghi hinh khi hdi cung bi can
Qua nghien cdu quy dinh ve ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh ttong hdi cung bi can; lay ldi khai ddi vdi ngudi lam chimg, ngudi bi hgi, duong sy vd thye tiln d i l u tta vy dn hinh sy, nhan thay cd mdt sd vdn de sau;
Mot Id, ddi vdi trudng hgp bat budc ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh.
Theo Dilu 183 BLTTHS nam 2015 thi ddi vdi trudng hop hdi eung bi can tgi co sd giam giii hogc tgi try sd CQDT thi bat budc phdi ghi am hogc ghi hinh cd am thanh; cdn tgi dia diem khde thi khdng bat huge, trong dd dia diem hdi cung bi can tgi try sd ciia Vien kiem sat la trudng hop khdng bat budc phdi ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh.
Theo quy dinh, dia diem hdi cung bi can cd the dugc tien hdnh tai noi xdy ra vu an hogc noi d cua bi can (khdng bat budc phdi tien hanh tai try sd CQDT). Neu hdi eung tai try sd CQDT thi bat budc phdi ghi dm, ghi hinh ed dm thanh. Thye te thay rang, de thye hien ghi dm, ghi hinh cd dm thanh khi hdi eung bi can can phdi cd sy chuan bi chu dao nhu bd tri con ngudi; phuong tif n ky thuat. Vi vay, se de phdt sinh trudng hgp de ttanh phdi thye hien quy dinh ghi am, ghi hinh cd dm thanh khi hdi eung bi can tai try sd
So 07^020
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I
THVC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
CQDT, DTV se ttifu tap bi can den dia diem khdc de hdi cung nhu: Try sd Cdng an cap xa, ddn Cdng an; try sd Uy ban nhdn dan cap xa...
Hai Id, ddi vdi ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh khi lam viec vdi ngudi lam chiing;
bi hai, duong sy va ngudi tham gia td tung khac.
Theo quy dinh cua BLTTHS nam 2015 viec tiep nhgn tin bao, td giac ve tdi phgm; lay ldi khai ngudi lam chiing; bi hgi vd duong sy cd the dugc ghi am, ghi hinh. Day la mdt quy dinh tuy nghi, ma thye hien quy dinh nay thi hoan todn phu thude vdo DTV. Vi quy dinh tuy nghi nen DTV chi thye hifn de cung cd chimg cu budc tdi (trudng hgp sau nay thay ddi ldi khai); neu khdng thuan lgi eho qud trinh chiing minh vd gidi quyet vy dn hinh su thi khd dugc dp dung.
Ddi vdi ghi ldi khai ngudi tham gia td tyng khdc: Qud trinh dieu tra vy dn dupe bat dau tir liic tiep nhgn tin bao, td giac ve tdi phgm, kien nghi khdi td; bat ngudi pham tdi qua tang, bdt ngudi truy na, bat ngudi bi giu ttong trudng hgp khan cap.
Viec ghi ldi khai cua ngudi bi td giac, kien nghi khdi td; ngudi bi giu ttong tnrdng hgp khan edp; ngudi bi bat; ngudi bi tam giii de thu thdp tdi lieu chimg cu, xdc dinh duge hdnh vi pham tdi cua ngudi bi kien nghi khdi td; ngudi bi bat khan cap, pham tdi qua tang; ngudi bi tam giii la vifc bat budc phai tien hdnh de cimg cd tdi lieu, truy tim vat ehiing, cdng cu phuang tifn gay dn, ddi tugng cd lien quan, xdc dinh diln biln vy dn vd la can cii de khdi to vy dn, khdi td bi can.
Thue tiln dilu tra vu an thay rang.
nhihig ehiing cii bu^e tgi cd gid tri nhdt (neu sau nay bj can cd phdn cung, thay ddi ldi khai) ttong vifc chimg minh hdnh vi phgm tdi cua bi can, bi cdo la nhung ldi khai ban ddu khi mdi bi bdt giG, tam giii.
Neu vy dn cd hire cung, dung nhuc hinh hay td cdo bi biic cung, dung nhyc hinh, mdm cung, dy cung dlu xdy ra d giai doan nay.
Ddi vdi ngudi bi tgm giii, thdi gian tam giii tdi da la 09 ngdy, ttong thdi gian ndy, ngudi bi tgm giu tgi ca sd giam giii, DTV lien tye 1dm vifc vd ghi ldi khai cua ngudi hi tgm giir. NSu tiln hanh ghi ldi khai ngudi bi tgm giu tgi co sd giam gift thi khdng bat bupe phdi ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh (khdng thupc trudng hgp bat bugc ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh) Id ehua ddp iing duge ydu cau eua tang cudng kidm tra gidm sat ddi vdi hogt ddng td tyng tiln khdi td. Dilu 114 BLTTHS nam 2015 khdng cd quy dinh ve ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh khi 1dm vifc vdi ngudi bi bdt, bi gift.
Vi vdy, td tinh chdt quan ttpng ciia budi Idm vifc ghi ldi khai nhiing ngudi nay, thiet flghl can phdi quy dinh bdt bupe ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh khi 1dm viec, ghi Idi khai ddi vdi: Ngudi bi td gide, kiln nghi khdi td; ngudi bi gift ttong trudng hgp khan cap; ngudi bi bdt;
ngudi bi tgm gift. Trong dd, ghi dm, ghi hinh cd dm thanh khi ghi ldi khai dli vdi ngudi bi tgm gift tgi ca sd giam gift Id quy dinh bit bude.
Ba Id, vl quy trinh ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh.
Dilu 5 Thdng tu lidn tieh sd 03/2018 quy dinh ve quy trinh ghi dm, ghi hinh cd I Tap chi
'iiZ I KIEMSAT_ So 07/2020
THVC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM dm thanh khi hdi cung bi can dugc tiln
hanh nhu sau: Vifc ghi dm hoae ghi hinh cd dm thanh bdt ddu tii khi cdn bd hdi cung nhdn nut bat ddu, can b$ hdi cung bi can phdi dpc thdi gian bat ddu va ghi ro ttong bien bdn.
Trong qud trinh hdi cung hogc Idy ldi khai cd the tgm dirng ghi am hogc ghi hinh cd dm thanh bang cdch nhdn nut tgm dimg. Trudc khi tam dftng cdn bp hdi eung, lay ldi khai phdi dpc ro thdi gian tgm dimg, ly do tgm dung, khi tilp tyc lam viee ciang phdi dpe ro thdi gian tiep tye, qua trinh nay dupe ghi rd trong bien ban.
Kit thiic budi lam vifc, cdn bg hdi cung, Idy ldi khai thdng bao cho bi can, bi^t budi hdi cung hoae lly ldi khai kit thiic va nhan mit kit thiic, thdi gian kit thue ghi rd trong bien bdn. Vifc ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh ddi vdi ngudi 1dm chiing, bi hgi, duang sy ciing dugc tiln hanh nhu ddi vdi bi can.
Nhu vay, khi bat dau ghi bien ban thi vifc ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh dugc bat ddu vd khi ket thiie budi hdi eung thi cung Id thdi gian ket thiic ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh.
Myc dieh ciia ghi dm, ghi hinh la ghi lgi toan bd dien bien cua budi 1dm viec cua DTV ddi vdi bi can; Id can cu de xdc dinh tinh khdeh quan viec khai bdo cua bi can. Qua ttinh dieu tra vy dn thay rang, budi 1dm vifc dugc bat dau tu khi DTV gap bi can, khdng cd quy dinh nao de yeu cau khi bat dau tiep xue vdi bi can thi DTV phdi tien hdnh bat dau hdi cung bi can va ghi bien ban hdi cung ngay.
Tli khi gap bi can den khi bat dau ghi
dm bode ghi hinh cd am thanh budi hdi cung bi can cd mpt khodng thdi gian, thdi gian nay ddi hay ngan hodn todn phy thude vdo DTV. Trong khoang thdi gian nay, neu cd viec biic cung, dimg nhyc hinh, su dyng cdc hanh vi khdc dl ep budc bi can khai bdo thi cung khdng duge ghi am, ghi hinh ed am thanh.
Nhu vdy, viee ghi am, ghi hinh cd dm thanh phdi dugc bit dlu tu khi DTV gap bi can den khi ket thiic budi 1dm viec md khdng phy thude vdo thdi gian bat dau vd ket thuc cua bien bdn hdi eung bi can. Cd nhu vay, vifc ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh mdi phan anh khdeh quan va todn difn budi hdi eung bi can va ddm bdo dugc muc dich cua viee ghi dm, ghi hinh ed am thanh.
Bdn Id, ve kha nang thuc hien quy dinh vifc ghi am, ghi hinh ed am thanh eiia Ca quan dieu tra.
Viee ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh tai try sd CQDT duge tien hanh tai phdng chuyen dung, do cdn bp cua CQDT phy ttdch. Tuy nhien, CQDT khdng the bd tri, sap xep duge nhieu phdng chuyen dyng de ghi dm, ghi hinh ed dm thanh; vdi CQDT cd sd lugng vy an thy ly Idn, sd lugng bi can nhieu thi de sap xep phdng chuyen dung de hdi cung bi can Id mdt vudng mac md cd the dnh hudng den qud trinh dieu tra vu dn.
Viec ghi dm, ghi hinh cd dm thanh d nhftng noi khdc, nhu nai lam viee, noi d eiia nhdn ehung, hi hai; try sd Uy ban nhdn ddn... thi do edn bd thy Iy thye hien.
Ddi vdi quy dinh nay khi tien hanh thi can tdi thieu 02 can bd (01 can bd phy trach mdy quay, thiet bi ghi am; mdt can Tap chi So 07/2020 \_K1EM SAT 1 4 3
THVC T l i N - KINH NGHIEM
bd ghi ldi khai). Doi vdi CQDT cd sd lugng thy ly vy an ldn; sd lupng b; can tgi ngoai nhilu, sd lugng DTV cd hgn thi d l thye hien quy dinh ndy ddi vdi CQDT cung Id mdt v l n d l khd khan.
Ndm Id, ve che tai khi khdng thye hifn ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh.
Thdng hr lien tich sd 03/2018 quy dinh khi tien hdnh hdi cung hi can tgi co sd giam gift, try sd CQDT, trudng hgp khdng bd tti dugc thiet bj ghi dm hogc ghi hinh cd dm thanh thi can bd hdi eung, lly Idi khai thdng bdo cho bi can bilt, n l u hp ddng y thi tien hanh 1dm viec, trudng hgp hg khdng ddng y thi khdng dupe hdi cung, Idy ldi khai.
Du lifu ghi dm hoae ghi hinh cd am thanh la mdt bd phan cua hd so vy dn hinh sy dugc su dyng, bdo qudn, luu trft theo quy dinh cua phap lugt ve su dyng, bdo qudn vd luu trft hd so vu dn hinh sy.
Tuy nhien, theo Thdng tu lien tich sd 0 2 / 2 0 1 7 / T T L T - V K S N D T C - T A N D T C - BCA-BQP ngdy 22/12/2017 cua Vien kiem sdt nhan ddn toi cao, Tda dn nhdn dan tdi eao, Bd Cdng an, Bp Quoc phdng quy dinh vifc phdi hgp gifta cae c a quan tiln hdnh td tyng trong thuc hifn mgt sd quy dinh cua BLTTHS v l tta hd so d l dieu tra bd sung, khdng ed quy dinh neu khdng thye hien quy dinh ghi am, ghi hinh cd dm thanh khi hdi cung hi can khdng dugc xem Id vi phgm nghiem trpng thu tye td tung va khdng phdi la can cu de ttd hd so dieu tra bd sung.
2. M p t so Iden nghi hoan thifn quy dinh v l ghi a m , ghi hinh cd dm thanh:
Trong gidi quylt vy dn hinh sy ludn phai dam bdo yeu cau phdt hifn chinh xae
vd xix ly cdng minh, kip thdi mpi hdnh vi phgm t0i, phdng ngua, ngan chgn tdi pham, khdng d l Ipt tdi pham, khdng lam oan ngudi vd tdi; gdp p h l n bdo vf cdng ly, bdo vf quyen con ngudi, quyen edng ddn, bao ve e h l dp xa hdi chii nghTa, bdo vf lpi Ieh cua Nhd nude, quyln va lgi ich hgp phap cua td chuc, ed nhan.
Ddi vdi nhiing ngudi bi budc tdi thi ngay tu ban ddu Idm viec vdi hp phdi ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh; quy trinh ghi am, ghi hinh phai dam bdo t h i hifn dugc tinh khdeh quan cua budi 1dm vifc. Ben canh dd, vdi sd lugng vy dn hinh su hang nam xdy ra ldn, ttong khi dieu kifn co sd vat chdt chua hoan thifn thi vifc t i l n hdnh ghi dm, ghi hinh cd dm thanh khi hdi cung bi can tai try sd CQDT ddi vdi tat ed cdc bi can Id khdng that sy edn thiet, gay ap lyc ldn ddi vdi CQDT va lang phi ddi ngdn sdch Nhd nude.
Theo tdc gid ndn hodn thien quy dinh ve ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh hdi cung bi can theo hudng nhu sau:
Thir nhdt, ddi vdi nhftng ngudi bi tgm gift tgi CO sd giam gift, ngudi bi giu ttong trudng hgp khdn c l p , ngudi bi bat pham tdi qua tang khi Iam viec, ghi ldi khai ddu phai dupe ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh.
Thu hai, quy trinh ghi dm, ghi hinh cd am thanh phdi duge b i t d l u tu khi DTV va ngudi tgm gift, bi can trye tilp gap nhau; ket thiie ghi am, ghi hinh cd dm thanh la ban giao ngudi bi tgm gift, bi can md khdng phu thude vdo thdi d i l m b i t ddu, ket thiic ttong bien bdn ghi ldi khai, bien bdn hdi cung bi can.
Thir ba, ddi vdi cae bi can khdng bi dp {Xem tiep trang 581
Tap chi KIEM SAT„
• nui, l u n - HNH NGHIEM
ttong viec nhdm bdo ve quyln vd lgi ieh cua ngudi khdi kifn nfta; ttong dd, theo quy dinh tgi khodn 2 Dilu 3 Ludt TTHC nam 2015, dieu kifn dl quylt dinh hdnh chinh ttd thanh ddi mpng bi kifn khi
"quyet dinh do Iam phdt sinh, thay ddi, hgn che, cham diit quyln, Igi ich hop phdp cua ca quan, td ehue, cd nhan hoae ed ndi dung 1dm phdt sinh nghia vy, dnh hudng den quyen, lgi ich hgp phdp ciia co quan, td ehue, cd nhan". Vi vay, ttong trudng hgp nay, khi quyet dinh hdnh chinh da bi hiiy bd (theo yeu cdu ban ddu cua ngudi khdi kifn) thi quylt dinh do khdng edn anh hudng den quyen vd lgi ich hgp phap eua ngudi khdi kien nfta, do dd ngudi khdi kifn khdng cd quyen khdi kien de yeu can Tda an giai quyet, Tda dn ra quyet dinh dinh chi gidi quyet vy dn vi
"ngudi khdi kifn khdng cd quyen khdi kien" la phu hgp.
Cd the ndi, mdt ttong nhiing nguyen tae quan ttpng ttong TTHC duge Lugt TTHC nam 2015 ghi nhdn vd bdo dam thye hien la quyen quyet dinh vd ty dinh dogt cua ngudi khdi kidn, theo do "co quan, td chuc, cd nhan cd quyen quyet dinh vife khdi kifn vu an hanh ehinh. Tda dn ehi thy ly gidi quyet vy an hdnh chinh khi cd don khdi kifn cua ngudi khdi kien.
Trong qud trinh giai quyet vu dn hanh chinh, ngudi khdi kien cd quyen thay ddi, bd sung, nit yeu cau khdi kifn, thye hifn cac quyen td tyng khdc cua minh theo quy dinh eua Ludt TTHC" (Dilu 8). Day la mdt trong nhftng quy dinh nham bdo vf quyen con ngudi, quydn cdng dan ndi ehung, bao vf quyen cua ngudi khdi kifn ttong vy an hdnh ehinh ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, vifc thuc hien nguyen tac can dam bdo tinh tuong thieh vd phu hpp ttong timg trudng hgp cu the.Cl
VEGHIAM..
ITi6p theo trang 441
dyng bien phap ngan chan, chi tien hdnh ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh ddi vdi nhirng vy dn nhat dinh; lien ngdnh m phdp trung uang can ed hudng ddn eu the trudng hgp dp dyng ghi am, ghi hinh cd dm thanh, nhu trudng hgp bi can khdng nhgn tgi; chdng cu bude tdi hoan todn phy thuge vao ldi khai nhdn cua bi can, bi hgi, ngudi lam chiing; hoae vy an cdc bi can dd tdi cho nhau...
Thir tu, ddi vdi dia diem bat budc ghi am, ghi hinh ed am thanh: Neu thupc trudng hgp bat budc ghi am, ghi hinh cd am thanh thi khdng phu thude vao dia diem Id try sd CQDT, khi da tien hdnh hdi cung bi can thi bat budc phdi ghi am, ghi hinh ed am thanh.
Thir ndm, neu thupc trudng hgp ghi dm, ghi hinh khi hdi eung bi can nhung DTV khdng thye hifn thi can xem xet dd Id vi phgm nghiem ttpng thu tuc td tyng hinh sy vd la can cu de tta hd so dieu tta bd sung, ed nhu vay mdi dam bdo cho viee thye hien ddng bd, thdng nhat vd lien tuc viec ghi am, ghi hinh cd dm thanh ttong qua trinh hdi cungbi can.D
I Tap chi 5 8 I KIEMSAT_