134 NG6N NGf & Bin S6NG S6 10 (240)-2015
VE TET NGUYEN TIEU Of TRUNG QUOC VA VT|;T NAM
T 6 T NGUYEN TIEU (LANTERN) IN VIET NAM AND CHINA N G U Y S N T H J L U Y f N
(ThS; Dfi hpc Ngofi ngft, D H Q G H i N$i)
Abstract: Vietnam culture is much influenced by Chinese culture, which is represented in the customs, holidays, behavior, etc. L.antem Festival of Vietnam and China also have many sunilarities, both of which are the first full moon night of a year, and all have flower l i ^ t activities,...However in terms of the origin, meaning and cuisine, the two countries still differ fixim each other.
Key words: Festivals; Lantern Festival; Full Moon in January.
1. Khii quit v l tit NguySn tieu ngu6i li c6 ni$t s6 vj Ih&l tien Thi£n dinh kh6ng 6 Trung Qu6c, tit nguyfin tieu hay tet Thinjmg ddng y vdi quyet djnh niy cila Nggc Hoing. Hp Nguy&i Ii mOt tet/ le h§i co ttuyin cua Trang
Quoc vio ngiy 15 (ngiy rSm) thing gifing Am ijch Theo sich Trung Hoa, 1§ Thupng Nguyfin khfing phii Ii mgt ngiy I§ Ph$L Trudc dSy chhih Ii tit Tigng Nguyen. Vio djp niy, nhi vua h^i hop cic Tiang nguyen de thit ti$c v i mdi vio vudn Ihugng Uyin tham hoa, n g ^ cinh, lim dm.
d V i ^ Nam, Sim thing gieng dang xa d ^ d i ^ tich nguyfin thi^y ciJa Tnmg Hoa m i n h ^ vio Phat giio. Dii ldnh dien nhi Ph$t kh6ng ndi den ngiy rSm Thing Gifing nhung ttong dSn chung thl diy li djp ifin chiia cung sao giii hfn, udc nguydn dilm linh.
2. D$e dilm ciia tit Nguyen tifiu Zl. vi nguin gic
2.1.1. NguSn gde tit Nguyen lieu d Trung Qudc: Ngiy rtm thing Gifing tOn; li Tet Nguyfin tifiu, li ngiy i ^ diu tien cua nim mdi. Ngiy niy cdn dut^ biet den l i "HOi hoa ding" hay " I i h$i dfin hoa". Tfi Trung Ciulc, ngudi din ttiudng i&
chiic l i hOi dfin long de Id ni$m dfim rim v6 ciing quan hgng niy, cimg Ii d l chfah tfiirc kit thiic nhihig ngiy Tit Nguyfin din c l Iruyln.
Xung quanh nguon glc cua tl niy hi^n cd cic tich tmy$n khic nhau. Ching ban:
I) Ngiy xiia ngiy xua cd mpt con fliifin nga tir mbl diifin dinh bay xuing ha gidi d i bj m$t ngudi thp sin bin chit E)l tei ttii cho con ttiifin nga, Ngpc Hoing da sai mfit dpi quan Thifin dhih diing ngiy 15 ttiing 1 xuBng hda ttiifiu toin bp con ngudi v i dOng vjt dudi h? gidi. Rat may cho loii
dS lilu minh xuing hf gidi d l hiai k l cho chiing sinh. Thl Ii vio ngiy dd, nhi nhi treo dfin long v i bin phio hoa d l (ren Thifin dlnh tudng ling nhi ciia ciia hp i £ bj phdng hoi. Nhd dd mi loii ngudi mdi thoit khdi cinh d i ^ vong.
2) Thdi Hin v a D l cd mpt cung ntt tfin li Nguyfin tifiu da qua nhieu cii Tit m i khdng dupc doin tM vdi gia dhih, buin cho so phfn nfin da tim din mpt cii gilng toan kit lilu cupc ddi. May ttiay, c6 gii dupc Ddng Phuong Sdc, vifin sing ttiin ciia Hin Vu Dl cihi sing. D I giiip cung nil thda Idng nhd thuong cha m?, Dong Phuong Sdc nghT ra m$t kl: Ong biy mpt bin bdi qufi tifin phi Tling An, tat c i nhihig ngudi din bdi diu nhln dupc m$t qufi ghi ddng chO' "mudi siu thing gifing bj Ida ttiifiu". Sau dd, dng tilt 1$ ttifim: ill ngiy mudi ba thing gifing Ngpc Hoing sfi sai m$t tifin nii i o dd giing txkti dk hda ttiifiu Tiing An, mpi ngudi muln sing, hiy tiu Ifin nhi vua dl ttm cich ttioit nfn. Dupc tin thin hda sfi dit ttiinh Tring An, Hin Vu Dl vOi tri$u muu sT Dfing Phuong Sdc d a i d l bin cich dii phd. Ddng Phuong Sdc vd suy nghTm^t liic rli tiu vdi vua:
Nghe ndi ttiin lua rit ttlich in binh bdi, hong cung cd Nguyin tifiu khfio tay, cd thl giao cho co lim binh dai Hda Thin. Dong thdi ban I$nh cho din chiing Tiing An din ngiy dd moi nhi phii treo hudc ciia m$t chile dfin ling dd dl Ngpc Hoing hrdng lim ttiinh Tiudng An dudi t i n dang bj liia ttiifiu. De t ^ g cdng lim binh d\i Hda Thin, nhi vua da cho Nguyfin tifiu vl doin ty vdi
S6 10 (240V2015 N G 6 N NGg & Bin S 6 N G
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gia (flnh, cdn ngudi ddi ^ on "d?p nan Ifta" cfta cd gdi ndn d§t cho c h i £ banh tirdi vd ngfiy idm tfafing peng c ^ ten "Nguydn tieu". NguM dfin Trung Qudc quan nifm ngdy NgiQ«n tieu ddng n ^ a vdi "Tit dofin vien" hay 'Tit tinh yeu".
2.1.2. Nguon goc tit Nguyen tiiu oia Vi^t Nam: Phgt gido trong hon ngan nfim du nhgp vdo Vift Nam dd gin kit cdc phong tyc vfin hda Vift Rfim tiifing gieng kfadng phdi id mft ngogi if, tft mpt ngdy ll h$i xa Ig cd ngudn gde tft Trung Hoa dd biln ddi tfadnh mpt ngdy Tit mang bfin sfic rat ri6ng cda ngudi dfin Vift thim nfauin Pfagt pfa^.
Rfim Ihang giSng Id mdt trong nhihig ngdy tfim Idn Uong nfim md ngudi Vift ( ^ bift Id Ph|t tft tfaudng vilng cfafta le Pfagt, cau ^ a dgo binh an, phong dilu vu thu$n, qudc tfadi dfin an. Do rfim tiifing gieng trung hpp vdi le Thupng nguydn vd Tit Nguydn tidu trong dan gian, ddng thdi ngdy ndy Id rim diu tidn cfta ndm mdi, thdi dilm thfcfa hpp nfait d l ciu nguyfn an Idnh cho cd nfim, nen thu hut sy tham gia ddng dfio ciia gidi Ph§t til vd todn till dfin chftng. Ngudi dfin Vift Nam coi ngdy tet Nguyen tieu Id ngdy ll pfa§t Idn nhit trong nfim, cfiu ndi: "li phdt qtumh ndm khong bdng ngdy rdm thdng gien^^ <S ndi ISn tim quan trpng cfta h^i rdm thdng Gieng trong tdm thiifc hgudi Vift.
2 2 . vi hoping
2.2.1. 0 Trtmg Quoc: Theo phong tyc cfl, vdo tet Nguyen tieu, tft tiidnh tfij din ndng tiidn, khfip ncri diu tieo ddn kit faoa, xem faoa dfing, cfaoi dd ddn. DSm dd, bit l u ^ Id hodng tiian qudc tiiich, bdch tinfa binfa ddn, hay tiiilu ntt chdn phdng khud deu pfad If tiiam gia, tiiu|n theo t§p tyc, cung nhau xficfa ddn, ra phd vui choi. Tft tiidi Dudng, Tdng, Minh, Thanh, tit Nguyen tidu dfi Ud tiifinh mdt hogt ddng vui cfaoi quan O^ng mang tfnfa chit quin chung Uong cdc dip le tit cfta nfim. Vdo ngfiy tet NgiQ^n tidu, ngudi dfin Trung Qudc tiii^ fin bfinh trdi. Cd nhilu <i kiln cho rfing, tyc fin bfinh tidi tiong ddm Nguyfin tifiu Ifi tudng nhd vl Ddng I^uong Sdc dd hiln k l cftu thfinh; bfinh trdi dupc lfim tft bOt ggo nip, nhfin ldm bfing d$u xanh,
(&idi^ ho$c cdc logi qud, cd hlnh trdn tupng trung cho sy dofin vifin cda cd gja ^flnfa.
is Vift Nam: tiieo cdc kinh sfich Phgt gifio, ngdy mdng mpt vfi ngdy rfim Id ngfiy cda Pli$L Ngdy rfim tiifing gifing Id ngdy duyfin ldnh phd dd, ngdy Dftc Ph|t gifing lam xudng cfic ehda chiln de diftng dp long thfinh ciia tin chftng dn^ hftu.
Ngudi ngudi di ll Ph$t ciu xin Dftc Ph$t phu h$
cho mpi sy dupc tiiifn ldnh, bhih an. Bdi v§y cfao ndn dfin gian mdi cd cau: "L§ Pfa^t quanfa nfim khdng bfing ngdy rfim thfing gjfing" bo§c "An chay quanfa ndm khdng bdng ngdy rfim tiifing gjeng". Trong dem Nguyfin tifiu, nliilu gia dlnh Vift tiiudng len cfafta ciu an vd Ifim ll dfing sao
3. Thay cho ket lugn
Cho dil Ifi d Vift Nam hay Trung Qudc till faogt dfng chinh cfta dfim Nguyfin tifiu vln Ifi le hdi hoa ddng. D$c bift d cfic tiifinh phd ldn, nhd nfio nhd niy diu Ifim nhfhig chile dfin Ifng Ily, nfailu kilu dfing vd nliilu sfic mdu. Hp vilt ra nhiing cfiu dd ho$c nhihig nguyfn vpng ddn Ifin d ^ mong cho cd gia dlnh ludn dupc fagnfa pfade blnfa an,... Dfim fadi faoa dfing hp cdn td chftc cfic trd chcd miia rdng miia Ian lfim tfing them kfadng kill vui nfapn cua tit Nguyen tieu.
T A I L i f u THAM K H A O 1. Phan Kl Bfnh (2008), Vi^t Nam phong tyc, Nxb vfin hda thdng tin, Hd Npi.
2. Bdi Xufin My (2001), Tyc thd cdng cua ngudi Vi$t, Nxb Vfin hda Thdng tin, Hfi Ndi.
3. ^nm i2ooo),'pm00ifBjtre.
4. R i ^ ^ i S {i99l),i61fffJtft,X 5. ^mn (2006) . ipm^^i^ff^ji:
JKti:.
7. https://vi.wikipedia.orp/wiki/Tlt Npuvfi