THAN THUOC CAC LOAI TRONG HQ CO ROI N G U A (VERBENACEAE) Cf THANH PHO HUE
HOANG XUAN THAO Trudng Dgi hoc Supham - Dgi hpc Hue
Tom tit: Ho Co roi ngua a thanh ph6 Hug gdm 13 loai thuoc 8 chi. Trong do chi Clerodendrum gom 4 loai, Lantana 3 loai, con lai m5i chi chi gom I loai. Phan Ion cac loai la than thao va than bui, 3 loai than g6 trong do duy nhat I loai than go leo. Dira vao chi so tuong d6ng cho thay m6i quan he giira cac loai trong ho Co roi ngua cr thanh ph6 Hu6 co thg chia lam 2 nhom:
nhom thii nhat bao gom Clerodendrum paniculatum, C. viscosum, C.
thomsonae, C. cyrtophyllum va Tectona grandis; nhom thii 2 gom Lantana camara, L. involucrata, L. montevidensis. Verbena officinalis. Phyla nodiflora, Stachylarpheta jamaicens, Vitex Irifolia.
l.GlOlTHIEU
Phan Ioai thuc vgt la mot trong nhtmg nganh khoa hpc dupc sii dung nhigu trong cac linh v\rc nhu: lam nghiep, ndng nghiep, y hpc, nghien cihi bao ve moi tmang, bao t6n da dang sinh hpc... Chinh vi the hien nay cong tac phan loai thyc v$t duac nhieu nha khoa hpc quan tSm va nghien cihi. Tuy nhien, xay d\mg khoa dinh lo^i cho mdt khu he thuc vat nho vin chua dupc nhigu. Khda dinh loai cho mot khu he nho giiip tra curu nhanh ve thanh phin loai trong cac nghign cuu. Ben canh do viec xdc dinh mdi quan hg giiia cac loai dua tren nhung dac digm giong nhau cua chiing cung gdp phin quan trpng trong phan loai thuc vat.
2. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. Thu mSu
Thu mlu theo phuang phap ciia Nguygn NghTa Thin (2006) [5]
Thu mau theo tuygn: cac dudng ph6, dpc bd song...
Thu miu bang 6 tigu chuan tai cac khu vyc trong 2.2. fiinh loai
Xac djnh hp, chi vk loai thyc vSt dua tren phuong phap so sanh hinh thai va dinh loai theo cac tai lieu sau: Nguygn Tign Ban (1997) [1], Pham Hoang Hp, tap II (2003) [2], Trin Hpp (2000) [3], Vu Xuan Phuong (2007) [4], Nguygn NghTa Thm (2006) [5], Chen Shou-hang, Michael G. Gilbert (1994) [6].
2 3 . Xay dumg khda dinh loai
Tap chf Khoa hoc va Giao due, Tmong Dai hoc Sir pham Hue ISSN 1859-1612.S6 01(17)/20ll:tr. 49-55
HOANG XUAN THAO
Xay dung khoa djnh loai ludng phan theo quan digm cua C. L. Porter (19_59) [7]: Mo ta diy dii, chmh xac dac digm ciia ciy. Chpn lpc dac tinh ddi lap (on dinh, de nhan bigt) dg phan l i n 2 nhom. M6i nhom lai chpn cac dac digm ddi lap va chia lam 2 nhom. Cjua trinh tigp tuc cho dgn bac phan loai can lap.
2.4. Xac dinh mdi quan he giiia c^c loai
Cac tinh ttang dupc ma hoa bing s6. Tinh ttang xuit hien d doi tupng nghien cuu dupc ma hoa bang s6 " 1 " , tinh trang khong xuit hien mS hoa bang so "0".
Xac dinh chi s6 mong ddng (similarity) va ve sa do ciy pha he (Dendrogram) bing phSn mem Primer 5.
3. KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
3.1. Th&nh phan loai hp Co roi ngua a th^nh phd Hue
Kgt qua nghign ciiu vg thanh phin loai thupc hp Co roi ngua (Verbenaceae) tai thanh phd Hug dupc thg hi?n trong bang 1.
Bang 1. Thdnh phAn loai thuoc ho Co roi ngua (Verbenaceae) tgi thdnh phd Hue Stt
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ten chi
Clerodendrum
Duranta Lantana Phyla Tectona Slachvlarpheta Verbena Vitex
Ten loai Clerodendrum paniculatum Clerodendrum viscosum Clerodendrum thomsonae Clerodendrum cyrtophvllum Duranta repens Lantana camara Lantana involucrata Lantana montevidensis Phyla nodiflora Tectona grandis Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Verbena officinalis Vitex Irifolia
T€Q <t{a pbiro'Dg Xich dong nam Bach dong nir Ngoc nQ canh Cav dan sang Thanh quan Ngli sac Ngilsac Ngii sac Day lire Go tech Duoi chuot Co roi ngua Quan am
song Bui Bui Go leo Go nho Bui Bui Bui Bui Thao Go Thao Thao Bui
Dang Don Don Dorn Dom Dorn DOTI Dom Dom Don Dom Dom Don Kep 3 H(? Co roi ngua a thanh pho Hue qua thSng ke bao g6m 13 loai thupc 8 chi. Trong do chi Clerodendrum g6m 4 loai, Lantana 3 loai, con lgi moi chi chi gdm 1 loai. So voi s6 luong loai da dupc mo ta trong thuc vat chi Viet nam [4], s6 loai a thanh ph6 HuS chi chiim 13/140 va sfi chi la 8/26.
Phan ldn cac loai la than bui va than thao, chi 3 loai than go Uong do co duy nhat 1 loai than leo Hiu het la don, chi duy nhit 1 loai Vitex trifolia co la kep.
Trong s6 cac loai Uen, nhiiu cay dupc tr6ng Iam canh nhu Clerodendrum viscosum, Vitex Irifolia va 3 loai thupc chi Lanlana. Mot loai cay gd co gia m (Tectona grandis).
Cac loai con l^i deu moc hoang dai.
3.2. Khoa djnh Ioai
Qua nghien cim, m6 t i va lya chpn cac tinh trang d6i lap, chiing tdi da xay dung khoa dinh loai loai lu&ng phan dgn chi theo quan digm cua C. L. Porter (1959) [7] nhu sau:
IA. 6 nhi Tectona IB. 2-4 nhi
3A. Mdi 6 chiia 1 no5n
4A. Cum hoa hinh bong, nhi nam trong ong ttang Verbena 4B. Cum hoa hinh thap hoSc, hinh chiiy hinh ngu, nhj rit dai thd ra
khoi ong trang Clerodendrum 3B. Moi 6 chua 2 noan Duranta 2B. Biu 2 6
3A. M6i 6 chiia 2 noan Vitex 3B. M6i 6 chiia 1 noSn
4A. Cym hoa hinh bong Stachytarpheta 4B. Cum hoa hioh diu
5A. Than byi, diing Lantana 55. Thin thao, bo Phyla 3.3. M6i quan he t h i n thuoc giua cSc loai
3.3.1. Ma hda tinh trgng
Chpn mot s6 tinh ttang 6n dinh, co vai tro quan trpng trong dinh loai de ma hoa bang cac s6 0 va I. Nhimg tinh trang xuit hien d doi tupng ngliien ciiu dupc ma hoa bang
" 1 " , khong xuit hi?n ma hoa bang "0". Dg ma hda tinh trang va xii ly s6 li?u bang phan mgm Primer 5, chiing toi dung cac ky tu dg thay thg tgn loai nhu sau: Clerodendrum paniculatum (A), C. viscosum (B), C thomsonae (C), C. cyrtophyllum (D), Duranta repens (E), Lantana camara (F), L. involucrata (G), L. montevidensis (H), Phyla nodiflora (I), Tectona grandis (J), Stachytarpheta jamaicens (K), Verbena officinalis (L), Vitex trifolia (M). Ma ttan ma hda tinh trang dupc thg hien d bang 2.
Bang 2. Ma hoa tinh trgng cdc lodi trong ho Verbenaceae a thdnh pho Hue -~...__Loai
Tinh Ir^ng ~^~ ..._
Than bui Than thao Than go
A 1 0 0
B 1 0 0
c 0 0 1
D 0 0 1
E 1 0 0
F 1 0 0
G 1 0 0
H 1 0 0
I 0 1 0
J 0 0 1
K 0 1
L 0 1 0 | 0
M 0 0 1
HOANG XUAN THAO
La moc doi La moc doi chu thap La dem La kep Phien la nguyen Mep la nguyen Mep la rang cua La chia thiiy Cum hoa thap-xim Cum hoa dau Cum hoa chiiy Cum hoa bong Hoa trong c^m hoa co nhieu mau khac nhau Trang hoa vang Trang trang 4 nhi 6 nhi 2 nhi Bau 2 6 Bau 4 6 1 noan trong moi 6 2 noan trong moi Hoa deu Hoa khong deu Trang 4 thiiy Trang 5 Ihiiy Trang 6 thiiy Nhi thut trong ong trang
Nhi tho ra ngoai ong trang
Dai deu Dai 2 moi Thiiv dai 5 Thiiv dai 4 Thiiy dai khac 4&5 Hoa CO cuong Hoa khong cuong
0 0 1 1 0 0 I 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 I 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 I 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 I 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ] 1 0 1 0 0 I 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 I 1 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 I
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
n n
0 1 1 0
0 1
u 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
!
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
n
0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
n
0 I 1
n
0 0 1
0 1 0
u 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 3.3.2. Chf so tircfng ddng giua cdclodi
Qua phan tich cac dac diem gidng nhau gifia cac loai, chiing toi thu duac chi s6 hrong dong (suniiarity) giira cac loai dupc thg hign a bang 3.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
A 93J3 86.67 89.66 34.48 26 67 26.67 26 67 26 67 55.17 20.69 42.86 41.38
Bang 3.
B
87.5 90,32 38,71 3125 37.5 3125 37.5 58.06 25-81 40 45.16
C
iK""
96.77 32.26 25 25 25 31.25 58.06 25.8!
40 51.61
D
.
33.33'-/-
25 81 25 81 25 81 32 26 60 26 67 41 38 53 33
Chi so tuang dong (%) giUa cdc loai E
70.97 70.97 70.97 64.52 33.33 66 67 55 17 66.67
F
93.75 93,75 62.5 19.35 58.06 40 38-71
G
93.75 68.75 25.81 58.06 40 38.71
H
62.5 19.35 58.06 40 38.71
1
32.26 77.42 66.67 45.16 J
33.33 27,59 26 67
K
62.07 40
L
48 28 M
Cac loai cang co nhieu dac diem giong nhau chi s6 tucmg dong giGa cac loai cang cao.
Digu do thg hign moi quan he cang gin giii giGa chiing.
Qua bang 3 cho thay loai A (Clerodendrum paniculatum) va B (C. viscosum) co chi so tuong dong len den 93,33%. Hai loai C (C. thomsonae) va D (C. cyrtophyllum) co chi s6 tuang ddng la 96,77%. Cac loai H (Lantana montevidensis), F (L. camara) va G (L.
involucrata) co chi s6 tuang ddng lgn d6n 93,75%. Giii'a 2 loai I (Phyla nodiflora) va K (S. jamaicensis) co chi s6 tuang dong len den 77,42%. Loai L (V. officinalis) va K (S.
jamaicensis) cd chi so tuong dong la 62,07%. Loii L (V. officinalis) va loai M (Vitex trifolia ) c6 chi s6 tucmg ddng la 48,28%. Qua bang ttgn con cho thiy, loai J (Tectona grandis) cd chi so tuong ddng vdi loai D (C. cyrtophyllum) la 60%.
Nhu vay, dua trgn chi so tuong ddng giiJa cac loai thupc hp Verbenaceae cd thg chia chiing tiianh 2 nhom loai ldn dupc the hien rd bang so do ciy pha he (dendrogram) d h i n h l .
Nhom thii nhat bao gdm Clerodendrum paniculatum (A), C viscosum (B), C.
thomsonae (C), C. cyrtophyllum (D) va Tectona grandis (J).
Nhom thir 2 gdm cac loai con lai. Trong nhom thii 2 l^i dugc chia lam 2 nhom nho:
nhom thii nhat gom 3 loai ttong chi Lantana, D. repens (E), Verbena officinalis (L), Phyla nodiflora (I) va Stachytarpheta jamaicens (K). Nhom thii 2 chi gom loai Vitex trifolia (M).
HOANG XUAN THAO
r r
Hinh l.SadS mdi quan hf giua cdc lodi trong ho Verbenaceae tgi thdnh pho Hue 4. KET LUAN
Hp Co roi ngya a thanh phd Hug gdm 13 loai thupc 8 chi, ttong do chi Clerodendrum gdm 4 loai, Lantana 3 loai, con lai mdi chi chi gom 1 loai.
Phin ldn cac loai la thin bui vi than thao, 3 loai thin go trong do duy nhat 1 loai than g6 leo. Hiu hgt la don, chi duy nhit I loai co la kep.
Su thin thupc giua cac loai ttong hp Co roi ngua co thg chia Iam 2 nhom dya tten chi s6 tuang ddng: nhom thii nhat bao gom Clerodendrum paniculatum, C. viscosum, C.
thomsonae, C. cyrtophyllum vi Tectona grandis; nhom thii 2 gom Lantana camara, L.
involucrata, L. montevidensis. Verbena officinalis. Phyla nodiflora, Stachytarpheta jamaicens, Vitex trifolia.
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
[1] Nguyen Tien Ban (1997). .Cam nang tra ctm vd nhgn biet cdc ho ihuc vgt hgt kin d Viet Nam. NXB Nong nghiep Ha Noi.
[2] Pham Hoang Ho (2003). Cay Co Viet Nam. Quyin II. NXB Tre.
[3] Tran Hop (2000). Cdy canh, hoa Vi?t Nam. NXB Nong nghiep thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh
[4] Vu Xuan Phucmg (2007). Thuc vdt chi Vi0t Nam, lap 6. Hg Co roi ngua. NXB Khoa hpc & ¥S thuat.
[5] Nguyen Nghia Thin (2006). Thuc vat co hoa. NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Noi.
[6] Chen Shou-liang, Michael G. Gilbert (1994). Verbenaceae. Flora of China 17: 1-49.
[7] Porter C. L. (1959). Taxonomy of flowering plants. W. H. Freeman and Company Sanfrancisco and London, pp. 76-80.
Title: THE SPECIES COMPOSITION, DICHOTOMOUS KEY TO GENUS AND THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SPECIES OF FAMILY VERBENACEAE IN HUE CITY Abstract: Family Verbenaceae m Hue City includes 13 q)ecies in 8 genera. Among them, Clerodendrum genus has 4 species, Lantana 3 species, the rest genus has only 1 species. Most of species is shmb and herb, only 3 species are tree and there is only 1 climbing tree. There is only one compound leaf, and the rest is unaffiliated. We used index of similarity to access the relationship among them. The result shows that Verbenaceae in Hue City could be arranged into two large groups. First group includes Clerodendrum paniculatum, C. viscosum, C. thomsonae, C. cyrtophyllum and Tectona grandis; second group includes Lanlana camara, L. involucrata, L. montevidensis. Verbena officinalis. Phyla nodiflora, Stachytarpheta jamaicens and Vitex trifolia.
ThS. HOANG XUAN THAO
Noi cong tac: Khoa Sinh hpc Truong Dai hpc Su Pham Hue DT- 01682.393.789. Email: [email protected]