SXJ" DVNG PHirONG PHAP C\l THE D £ M 6 HINH HOA THAN DA V6l PHUC VV TINH TAI NGUYEN KHOANG SAN: Vf DU
CHO MO DA VOI XI MANG THANH NGH}, TINH HA NAM
LE VAN LUONG, BO VAN DINH
Van phong Ufi dong Ddnh gtd ttil higng khodng sin, 6PhgmNgul3o. HaNfi Tint tat Mo Unk kod Ikon qugng nil ckung vo tkdn di vol nii rieng ditthhtrH kigng da vi dang dugc ap dyng cko cic modi vfi xi mdng lgi Vill nam jp dgng pkuong pk^ mo link eg thi di dnh ttii lugng cko dd vol dd mang lgi kilu qui cao.
Pltongphij, mi lunh hoi sidung kil qui cia qui trink tkdm do mo Ikeo dcttiyen thdmdocdtklxdydunglfnmohinklkdndivoittiongdfngviiikdndivoilhgeli Tu mo Hnh nay la hin kinh nfi ngogi suy kim lugng dnh Ulan tta lugng ihiitki khai thic mi.
MdeAu
Cfing tic thim do mfi nfii cfaung, vl thim di dl vfii Iim nguyen lieu xi ming nfii rifing, Ii bufic tk quan ttpng trong vific quyfit djnfa diu ttl khai thic mfi. Cfing Uc ttnfa ttft luijng dl ttii qua Uifii gian khi dii, nfaung cfaii yeu dupc thuc hipn bing cic phuong phip ttuyen didng; vipc xiy d\mg mfi hinfa thin dl vfii sau dfi tifa hinh tfnh ttiin vol su hS ttp cia m ^ ttah fi Vipt Nam cfin rat h ^ ch^.
Cic d6i ttipng dia chit li nhung thl kfafing gian 3 chieu (x, y, z). Song fliutog ttimg ngfaifin cihi, chfing ta tfauemg mfii tiep c ^ trfin khfing gian faai chieu.
E)i vfii Iim nguyen lifiu san XU& xi ming, ngoii vi?c nim bit dupc sfi luijng tii nguyen, dang r& can tiiift cho bii loan ph6i Ii?u yi (fifiu hinfa sin xuit De Um duqic difiu dfi rat cin biet dupc tinfa chat (him Imjng cia cic thfing so phin infa cfait luijng ciia d i nfau CaO, MgO, v.v.), ttii lupng cy thl ciia cickfafiinfafi.
I.Khilni^
Mfi hinh hoi li sir flK h i ^ mfit cich ttiiu ttumg hay cu flifi mfit qui tinfa hay mfit hien ttnyng nio dfi ttiong duong vfii d6i ttipng
hay qui tttah dang nghifin oiu tiieo mfit j nghianiod6[7].
Nhu v$y, mfi hinfa hoi II phuong tifn dl nh|n flnic cic quy luiit tif nfaien v i dupc sii dung rfing iii ttong cic luifa vuc kfaic nhau ciia khoa hpc - Iql fliu$L Mo hinfa hoi li phuong phip nghien ciiu ciu tnic ciia doi ttipng tu nhien pfailc tjp, dfing I\ic hoi cua mfit qui tttofa. Pfauong phip mfi hlnh hoS dupc xiy dung tten co sfi ly fliuyet ttmng ty.
Co sfir ciia Iy fliuyit ttiong tu 11 xic djnh tJ IS ciia mfi hinh v i tifiu chuan ttiong tu.
2. Cic phuong phip mfi hlnh hoi Tfain kfaoing dupc tiilnfa t ^ tii qui ttinh dja chit nhiic t?p, t?o fliinfa cic flil dja chit khfing dfing nhit. Mfi hinh hoi de n h ^ thfic d c dfii ttipng nghien cilu dja chit Ii bifn phip dupc sur dyng ngiy mfit rfing rfi ttong lihfa viK fliim dfi dia cha.
Theo diu hifu v i qua ttinfa dupc mfi hinh hoi, ngufii ta cfaia la oic d?ng sau: a) Mfi htoh hoi ciu^ttiic mo, d|c diim hinh djng vi dilu kifin flie nim cfia fliln qu^g; b) Md Unfa hoi sy phin bfi cic flifing sfi dja chit fliai qu^g; c) Mfi hinh hoi cic qui ttinh dja chit dl diln ra vi dang di&i ra ttong long dit Dfi Ii sv fliay dfii hmh d?ng, tinh c h l fliln khoing ttieo tfifii gian v i khfing gian.
312
%
cic ^ai doan thim do, khai thac mo, ciing nhu mo t i dinh lugng s^ b i ^ hoa (sa tinh chit ( ^ chSt than khoang, nguoi ta thuemg
^ dyng 3 loai mo hinh sau:
- Md Mnh cii thi: a) Mo hinh dang bieu dh, scr d6, mat cSt tiian quang; b) Mo tdnh hinh hpc m6.
- Mo hinh trim tugng. Cac mo hinh toan djachk
ZL Cdc dgng mo hinh cu thi a) M6 hinh dgng mdt cdt dia chdt liin hgp: Phuong p h ^ tnr/€n thdng vk jhd bi&i siJT dving trong thSm d6 la su d\mg co h^
Ih6ng cSc m$t c3t giao nhau de phan anh d ^ diem clu trtk mo, cau true ctia than khoang, cung nhu mdi quan h$ qu3ng hoa v6i cac 1 y ^ to dia chat H^ th6ng m|it cSt lei tai l i ^
^ quan trpng trong thi€t ke vik thi c6ng cong
^ thSm d6, l i CO s6 dl tinh trCt lupng va tai nguyen kho^g sin. Trom thvic tl npudi ta diu6ng thinh ISp h$ thong m|U: cSt theo tuyin thim d6 song song ho|ic khong song song, kit hpp h$ thong m$l cit thang diing ho$c nSm ngang v i n^ cit xien dang triU:, kit hpp so do khoi de nhan thik vl doi tupng thim do. Phuong p h ^ niy tiiudng dugc dp dvtng dio cic than khoing san tiiam d6 theo tuyen song song, die bi^ li di voi lilm nguy&a li§u xi mang.
b) M6 hlnh hinh hgc mo: Mo hinh hinh hpc m6 cic tinh chdt ciia khoing san bing cic duimg dang trj dupc sii d\mg rdt pho biln trong thyc te thim do m6 khoing sin rin. Thin khoing l i phin khong gian trong 16ng ddt, mo hinh hoi cic tinh chat cua than khoing tren ca sd ly thuyet
**Hlnh hpc m6" d u ^ thl hifn bang cac bilu db nh6 cic duong ddng tri. Ham sd bilu thi c6 d^ng z = f(x, y) d^ra tren cic bii toin cOng, trir, nhin, chia, luj thiia,...
Tiong tiiam dd than, ngudi ta thudng sii:
dyng bl m$t ding try de md hinh hoi dac dian v i quy lu^ biln ddi than.
ZZ Cac mo nmtt toan ma cnat Cac mo hinh toan iBa chit thupc loai md hmh trim hrong v i n^idi ta fiiucmg sii dyng dl nghi&i cijfu va md t i sy bien hoi cac ti»di^ sd dfia chit thin quang, du doin gdn d l ^ cic gja tn tnmg binh, cung nhu danfa gia (Bnh lupng miic dp thim dd khoang sin.
Cic md hinh toan dia chit bao gdm md hinh toan tiidng ke v i md hinh dya tren co sd 1;? thuy^ ham ngau nhien.
L s a ujqc v£ Md QA vdi » MANG THANH NGHj
Md da voi Thanh N ^ nim each tiii xa Phu Ly khoang 15 km ve phia ddng bfic.
D i ^ tich thim dd khoing 21 ha [1].
Vimg t!^m dd chu ylu cd dia hinh niii cao, sudn d6c. Ndm xen giiht cac d^ng dia hmh ndi tren la < ^ hlnh tich tu thmi^ lijng
^Qa niii. Dja hinh khi Mng phdng, t^o thinh nhiSng thung lung nhd, cd cao d$ thay d6i tCt 60 doi 80 m.
M ^ g ludn sdng su6i: Gdn vimg tiifim dd ve pdiia nam cd sdng Diy, chiy khi quanh CO udn kh(ic. Sdng cd hudng chiy E)-T vi li sdi% 16n nhdt chiy qua huygn Thanh L i ^ tinh Ha Nam.
1. C$c diim dia ch^md
Trong vQng tham dd cd s\rphan bo ciia cic thinh t ^ dia chdt sau:
- Hi tdng Co Ndi (J\.2 en): bao g^m chi ylu li di phiin set, set kit, s^ bpt ket vdi vi set vdi xen k ^ cic tiidu kinh cat bpt kit vi da vdi. D i cd cau t ^ phan lop diy, the nim chung cim vl huong DB (50-70 < 30-40°).
- H? tdng Ddng Giao (Tza dg): chu yeu g6m da vdi, ddi ch§ cd xen k ^ cic thdu kinh di vdi doiomit, s ^ voi.
2.D|cdi4mthandivdi
D i vdi cd miu xim xanh, xim s^g, khi c ^ chdc, gidn. Thanh phdn kho^g v$t gdm (%): calcit = 96-99; doiomit = 1, s^: it.
313
llianh phan hoi hoc co ban cua d l vfii nhu sau (%): ham lu^ng CaO ttung binh = 54,23; MgP ttung Mnh •= 0,46; CKT ttung binh=0,72; MKN hung binfa = 43,19.
• . SCr DgNG PHUDNG PHAP CV THE D E Ub HMH H 6 A T H A N Q A V O I THAWl NGH|
PHVC VV TlNH TAI N G U Y G N K H O A N G S A N 1 . 0 9 sd iva chpn phuong phip mo hinh cvthi
Vfii d ^ diftn cau tnic i£a chit tliln da vfii cfi falm lupng CaO, MgO rat on dinfa ca ve duong pfauong v i faufing dfic, t ^ da vfii cim flioii, thin quing thufic lo^ tiung binh (mfi thufic nhfim mfi I), cic cong trinh fliim dfi dupc b6 tti bing cic ttiyin mau mit v l khoan d c lo khoan ngang khlng cfai fit dufii siu. Vific khai tfilc d i vfii bing pfauong phft) cit ting 10-20 mli tang khai fliic, vl v ^ y ^ fliuln ti^ dM vific fliinh I|p cic m^t cit fliing dfing, ni$t cit nim ngang.
Vfii d c yeu t l fliuin lpi ttfin flii vi$c ip dung mfi hinfa cy till tir d c mjt cit dl fliinfa l|p dl tinfa a i nguyfti, tri! lupng cho mfi d i vfii Thanh Nghj II holn loin hpp I^.
2. Xiy dyng mfi hlnh cho thin di vAI 2.L Mfl si khdi nifm or bin: Casd da Wu li mfit tip hpp da-Iifu dupc t l cfauc cfi ciu ttfic (flieo mfit khufin dang nfait <1^) dl mfi ti mfit dii tupng cy thl [9].
Cfi nfailu d c h t l chfic co sfi dil lifiu (CSDL), song fliufing dupc ciu t ^ tii d c Mngdttlifiu (tables). Cic bing dft Kfiu (Htafa
1) bao gfim:
- / / ^ (bin ghi - reconi).
- Cfl (ttufing - file), mli ttufing cfi mfit kifti dft Bfiu, nhm Characte, Real, Interaer
Boole. ' Cic bing dft Ufti Uen kit vfii nhau flifing
qua ttufing k h d (Hinfa 2).
i^XtydfpigmdUnh
a fiin»yiH«5»lggtoi: Tft vjtti khfing gum cfia mfi (ranh gifii mfi hay ranfa gifii cip p h * ) bao gim tpa dfi (X, y) vi cAt dp cao
thira g& iNi^ (M vSa (2). l a o ^ geSi m 6 , 4 & S cao fliim do v i d t dp cao khai fliic dugc xiy dvng fliinh dpng dft Upu ranh gifii Ua vyc thim dfi.
b. Xdy 1^1,^ ban df dia hinh si: Til ck diim cfai till, xay dyng CSDL d c diim do chi tilt, xiy dyng ^ Mnh flieo ttiyin vi liAi hinfa nfii suy dudng dfing mfic flieo mfit si phuong p h ^ , nhu binh phuong nghjch djo kfaoing d c h , hay phuong phip Kiiging. Kit qui nh|n dupc bin d l dja fainh khu mfi ft d?ng sl. Tft bin dfi dja hinh khu mfi xiy dyng md htah than di vfii.
c Xdy di/ng cdc da lifu cfng Idc Mm lii: Dft Ufiu cfing tic fliim dfi Ii nhilng fliSag tin lit quan ttpng, nhu dft Ufiu lfi ttinh ^ chit, khoan, hio, vit lfi, giing, miu mjt Cic da Ufiu niy dupc fliiit I$p flianh cic Mng trong Excel sau dfi chuyin sang t * (file) cfi dufii *csv.
d Biiu ah, qud tt-inh xdy dung CSDL:
Tft CSDL dupc t?o I|p fit ttfti, ta cfi till di ding t?o DTM (mfi hinfa s l bl m}t dja hinh), mfi htoh fliln qu|ng (soUd modeUtog), phin chia ttiln qu|ng fliinh cic kfali (block) hojk:
cfi flil blo d o da U^u (datareport). Tft rii qui mfi hinh hoi ttiln qujng ta cfi flil tinh toin dupc tii nguyfti, ttft lupng qujng. (Jui ttinh niy dupc mfi t i ttxing Htah 3.
e) Mftsikitqudcg Ihi vi easddalifu.
- Dja hinh. tii kit qui do tpa dfi, dfi cao cfia cic. diim do chi tiet, tic gii xiy dyng dupc t^p (file) ehitietcsv (Bing 1).
- Dia chit If khoan: Ta cfi tfti l l khoan (holejd), toji dfi (X, y), dfi cao (z), dfi siu (depfli), Wlu khoan ([Hai_hole, nhu khoan tiling, khoan xifti hay khoan cong). Dya ttfti cic flifing tin fliu nh|n dupc tilr ttiyc tl, ta xiy dyng tfti (ffle) dft U ^ vl dja chit I5 khoan nfau to? dfi ffling 2), vl kilu khoan (Bing 3), vl dja ling 18 khoan (Bing 4), fliinh
- • • • • • — 5 ) .
Hhih 3. Sadd nghiin dm. tinh todn, thiit ke md.
Bdngl. Tga d^ffiim chi Bing 2. Tga d$ khoan Bing3 PhtPong vj khoan flk(chlii9tcs\^ (collar.csv) (si/rvey.csv) Luu :^ l i tt^ bing niy ta cd thl md ti m$t l3 khoan ban ddu ta di phin chia cic thinh phdn nhu ldp phu, ldp k^p thinh nhieu doan khoan cd tinh chdt khic doiomit, hang karst, di vdi. Nhu v|y, tit nhau.
315
i-u««iii'Nii"igaa^^^^^^i
^» Dt ^ I H . . « j , ^ ^ ,Pfc B. „..<, „ ^ . ,
.a^B j,jiEjlj3ij7au«a-J 4-^-mE'llltiB4-
Bing 4. Dia ting khoan (/liAabgy.csv) 3. Khii luyc v i phin mim SURPAC VISION 5.0
3.1. Gidi thifu phin mim: Phin mim SURPAC Vision 5.0 [9] li fa? fliing pfain mem tp.in d i ^ cho nginh Dja chit mo, do SURPAC Minex Group (SMG) cfia AushaUa phit triin v i dupc sfi dyng tifin 20 nufic ttfti till gifij. SURPAC Vision 5.0 bao gom cic modul sau:
- Tiilt kl, ttiinfa l|p v l quin tti CSDL d^achit.
- Mfi fainfa fafia dja chit: dinh gii ttH lupng vi chit lupng tii nguyen kfaoing.
- Trie dja mfi.
- Thiet k l khoan n l min.
- Tli uu hoi vi ttiilt kl mfi.
- Lip ke hoscfa v i ttinh ty khai ttilc mfi.
^Phan mim SURPAC cfi nhftng uu diem chinfa sau:
- Tuong ttiich hoin toin vfii ciu true dft lifiu cfia d c phin mim flifing dyng nhu Auttxad, Maplnfo, MS.Offlce:
MS.Excel, Access, v.v..
- Ciu ttuc dft lifiu don giin, fliing nhit gifia cac modules tao sy ttiuin tifti ttong tic nghifip gifta cic bp ph|n chfic ning cfing nhu cfing tic quin lj dft lifiu.
« KMMitoBf 1 llffii-n—ii 3 lole id smplc idliai
* jtmico 'wiim H junw mux
^ 1
K-oun 'Kiwi:xuim luinria LKQinU ;U1ilV14
3 s IJ
aa i nn H
•a x a 30
_ § _ f e B S U SIM DBS a IB son 5 T «
Q H
« S J n c 51 IB S I B
a a
•13 l « I K H j a
l i s '
- ,, ^-Mm m
i n i n
• 1 an ir in""
fiat ""
< ' I L , . r 4
« a Bing 5. Kit q u i phin tich miu khoan
(sample. CSV)
- Dupc xiy dyng ttfin ccr sfi cfing ngh|
hi?n dji: do hpa 3D; mfi hinh hfia 3D;
CSDL mfi, cic chfis ning cia SURPAC Vision 5.0 rit phong pfafi v i Unfa faojt, dim bio thyc hi$n cic tmh toin mfit cich nhanh, chinfa xic vi tryc quan.
- Ho trp tjo l | p cic cfauong trinh con (Macro), cfao pfaep ty dfing hfia cic qui trinh tinh toin v i phit triin thfim cic chfic ning mfii d i p fing yfiu ciu cflng vific thyc t l .
3.2. Cic khii nifim co bin trong SURPAC Vision 5.0:
- String: dupc dfing d l cfai dii tupng hinfa hpc CO bin ttong SURPAC. Stting cfi All l i mfit hay nfailu diim (Point), do?n fliing (Line) hay dudng (Polyline).
- Segment: tuong ty nfau Stting nhung S e ^ e n t chi cfi thl l i 1 diim, 1 doim fliing hay 1 dufing. Segment lufin fliudc v l l Stting nio dfi.
Vi dy tt«n Hinfa 4 ta cfi 2 Stting: Sttfag 1 vi Stting 2, ttxing dfi Stting 1 cfi 1 Segment cfi k^ hifti Ii 1.1; Stting 2 cfi 2 Segment vi dupc ky hifiu 112.1 v i 2.2.
- String flle: 11 t ^ (file) dft Ufiu cfia SURPAC Iuu dft lifiu cua Stting. Stting file cfi phin mfir rfing Ii .str.
- uisvi VL/ii^iai 1 ciTaiii iviuucuiug;. iuu hinh hda b§ m^t sd dugc tao tii String (Hinh 7). Ten cua DTM file cung gidng nhu ten cua String file, chi khac phdn md rpng la .dtm
- Solid Model (md hinh cung): SoUd Model (Hmh 8) cd thd dugc tao tir cic string, hoac tir cic DTM. Solid model cdn
dugc ggi la SDM. Ten cua 3DM file gidng nhu cua DTM file.
- Block Model (md hmh khdi): dimg de md hinh hda thin quang, theo do than quang dugc chia ra thinh cac khdi (block) v i phu khoi (subblock) (Hmh 8). Mdi khdi, phu khdi co tga dg (x, y, z), kich thudc (dai, rdng, cao) xic dinh (Huih 9).
J' Hinh 4. The hien cdc string ni
Hinh 8. Giao di?n Solid thdn qugng dugc tgo tir DTM
Hinh 7. Giao di^n be mgt dia hinh (DTM) mgi phdn cua md.
Huih 9. Giao dien thdn qudng chia thdnh cdc khdi. phg khdi.
3.3. X^ d\mg be mgt dja hinh: Tii tep (file) chitiet.csv, chuyen sang tep (file) string (chitiet.str) ta cd cac diem chi tiSt dja hmh d khdng gian 3 chidu (Hinh 5).
Tir t ^ (file) chitiet.str. t^o ludi (grid) va t^o (^c dudng ddng muc (Hmh 6), sau dd t^o be m^t dja hinh.
Trong trudng hgp da vdi c6 dja hinh phiirc t^p, thudng xuat hien c^c vich ldn nhd khac nhau, di tao nen hk m^t dia hinh cd dang gin vdi thuc te nhat, tic giS dimg phucmg phip tao mat dja hinh tr\rc tiep tit cic diem dg cao dia hinh rdi rac.
3.4. Xdy dtfng bl mat diiy: Mat diy cfia tfain da vfii la mat phing voi cot do cao 0 m, vi vay ta dung ngay ranfa gioi cap pfaep o cot do cao 0 m de lim mat tm (Hinfa 12).
3.5. Xay dung bl mat vien: Tu mat try v i mit vicfa d l vfii, tao duong viln cua da vfii bing d c h ket hpp duong vien cfia mat tru va duong vien cfia mat vicfa (tep
op wenaeniHinh l i l . _ f i vien.aoj. li, uuong vien ijo mit vieri cfia ttiln da vfii, tfip vien.dtm (Hinfa 13).
3.6. Xay dipig solid eho than di vik Tu 3 m|t cfia ttian da vfii da xiy dyng dupc (diahink.dBn. Iru.dlm, vien.dttn), 1^
solid (flian quang) bing each gfip va'gSn (vaUd) ba mit cfia flian d i vfii Iji vol nhau (Hinfa 14).
Htafa ll.Bl mil dfa kink than di vfi
Hinh 12. Giao difn mgt day tkdn da voi sau kki dugc Igo ti rank giai
Hlnh 13. Giao difn mft vien Ikan da vfi dupe tgo bdi Ifp vien.dttn
3.7. Thing kl Ifp miu (geoslalistics)-.
a Nhfp (Import) du lifu: Nfalp du lifiu dupc ttifing qua tfi 4 bing da dupc xay dyng ttl Excel, bao gfim bing tpa dfi l l khoan^ bing hlnh tttah khoan, bing dja tang Io khoan vi bing kit qui phin tich man khoan (Bing 1-5). Cic bing nay dupc nhip (taiport) vio phin mim tao ttiinh da Ufiu Chung cua mfi, Tu du lifiu
Hinh 14. Tu Solid la linh ra dugc Iki lich, tri lugng va tdi nguyen cia da voi.
niy ta cfi flil chiit ticfa ra dupc tjp (file) du lifiu (mau3.str) dang stting dl tinh toin, thfing kfi t | p miu.
Sau khi nhip (import) da lipu, ta nh|n dupc du lifiu d4mg cic bing tinh ttong phan mim (Hlnh 15):
Tu CSDL dupc luu tta ttong phin mem, CO fliS bieu diln d c lo khoan Bilm dfi ttong
W:
\xj)t uocO K n q u a jHian a c n imiu, v.v..Dia tdng lo khoan dugc the hi$n bdng miu sic, trong do miu ving i i ldp phit, miu xanh l i da vdi, miu do i i doiomit h o ^ hang karst
n h ^ da li?u vio phin mdm tii 4 bing (collar. CSV, survey, csv, diatang. csv va samplccsv), tidn hinh chiet xuat dfi lieu (exhact) thinh tep (file) mawi.s/r (Hinh 18). Tir tep (mauSstr), tidn hinh thdng ke de dinh gia tap mau.
r fflnh 15. Giao di?n nhdp (import) die li$u vdo phdm mem
Hmh 16. Giao diin the hi?n CSDL dgng bdng trong phdn mim SURPAC
fflnh 17. Giao di$n Id khoan dugc the hi^n theo dja tdng khoan c. Dja thdng ke tdp mdu (geostatistics):
Bao g&m cic d$c trung thong kd sau:
* Gii tti trung bmh (mean = \JL): dugc xac ( ^ nhu li trung binh so hgc ho§c trung btah cin (meanCaO=543%, MgO=0,46%).
* Phucmg sai (variance =a^) Dg l^ch tieu chudn (standard deviation) = cr
Hinh 18. Giao difn kit qud tgp mdu dugrc chiit xudt ra di tinh todn
* H$ so bidn ddi (coefiBcient of variation)
• Sai so
K ^ qua khio sit t ^ mau cho h ^ lugng CaO du> didy tdn so xudt hi$n cua t|p mHu phdn ldn roi vao kho^g ham lugng trdn 50% (Hmh 19.20).
K^t qui th6ng ke nhu sau:
cao (raw)
Mnh 19. Pkdn bi him lugng CaO.
i t ' i i i i i i i i i i M w B ! | i i | ^ ^ ^ EBBIBISPIBE|gigil|gBBPiaae|gEir;BBE
Mnh 20. Tin si xuil kifn him lugng CaO.
rf,J„*^''"*'^ufi?'S?^"'°'^'"^8'^80chottiiy,tkslxuithi^cfiat|pm5u phlnlfinr0iviokhoinghimlupngtt&i<O,5%(Hinfa21).
Hmh 21. ran 5d xua/
4. N$i suy him lirgng cho tipng khdi than dA v&i
^ Tnrdc khi ngi suy him lugng thanh phan cd ich, cd hai (CaO, MgO, MKN, CKT, V.V.), ta tiln hinh khio sit, tmh t o ^ kich thudc ddi anh hudng, chgn kich thudc hgp ly cua ellipsoid. Theo kinh nghi§m, trong trudng hgp thin d i vdi d^g khoi, him lugng cic thinh phan chtnh bien d6i d6ng dku thi ellipsoid chu yku li Wnh cdu. Ket qua n^i suy him lu(;mg cho timg kh6i (block), phu khdi (subblock) v i dugc bidu dien thinh bang cd cSc hing, cic cOt.
4.L Phan chia khSi): Dd tinh trft lugng di vdi, trudc tidn phan chia than da vdi thinh cic kh^i (block) va phy khdi (subblock). Kich thudc cua cic khoi vi phy kh6i cd the dugc chgn theo kinh nghidm ciia cic nha dja chdt, phy thugc v6o kfch thudc inh hudng (dugc x6c dinh bang cic Variogram), vio cdu tnic dia chdt thin d i vdi. T h ^ khoing dugc chia thfmh kh6i v i phy khdi, trong dd khoi ftudng nim bdn trong than khoang, cdn phy khoi dimg dl phin chia phin ria cua
hi^n hdm lucmg MgO.
than khoing sao cho than khoing gan thyc te nhat.
4.2. Xdc l$p cdc Variogram (y(h)-hdm cau true) [ I I ] : D I xic djiih kich thudc inh hudng, giup chgn kich thudc ellipsoid trong khdng gian vdi 3 tryc ciia ellipsoid, dd l i tryc chinh (major), tryc bin chinh (semi-major) v i tryc phy (minor) phii hgp; tdt nhat l i nhd trg giup cua cic him ciu true.
Trong mgt md bat kJ, gii tt\ mgt diim quan sit nio dd cd quan h§ khdng gian den cic didm khic phin bo d lan c§n; theo nguydn tie nhiing (Kdm d khoang cich xa nhau it inh hudng hon nhihig diim cd khoang cich gin nhau. Trong nhieu tnrdng hgp, sy tuong quan dd cdn phy thugc vio phucmg vi khdng gian (khi c6 tinh di hudng). £>! phin inh su phy thuOc niy, ngudi ta dimg v6cta khoang cich h cd phuong vi xic dinh. Miic dO phy thuOc gjfla cac diim do nim tren khoing cich hi va theo m§t hudng xfc dinh nio dd dugc phin inh bing momen tuong quan v i cd the bidu dien bdng ham ciu true.
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Variogram thuc nghidm dugc xic djnh
^'^3]^S'[^'-)-
' I . . . 1 J (3-12) trong dfi N(h) II so lupng cap nghifin cfiu. Bang tip giup cua phin mim, chfing toi da xac djnh dupc Variogram cfia t|p mau dfii vol him lupng phin Inh chat lupng dl voi theo cic phuong khic nfaau.<^c^nsccuare!iijiMLdJ|s^' Tu uu, va MC amn oupc cm sfi d) huong flieo cac tryc cfia eUipsoid dupc flil hifin bfii ba tryc v l d c tryc dupc thl hi?n ttong kfafing gian nhu Hinh 22.
True chinfa (major axis) li huong mi did difin Icm nfait cfao tinfa lien tyc cua l|p mau, true bin chinh (semi-major axis) li ttyc Ion ttifi hai, ttiic phy (minor axis) li ttyc ngin nhit.
Hinh 22. Hf trgc tga df cia
Hlnh 23. Giao difn ellipsoid trong khong gian 3 chiiu
Xic djnfa kich fliufirc eUipsoid (Hinh 22) la ta xic djnh ty lfi (chi s l dj hufing) giua 3 ttyc ttong khfing gian cua eUipsoid 5^ 1? gifta cic ttuc dupc phin mim ttr dpng ttnh toin.
Tft t|p man mau3.sn- phin mim ty dfing ttnh ra bin kinh ttyc chfah, sau dfi li cic ttyc bin chmh vi ttyc phy
4.3. Nfi suy ham lirgng cie khoi vi phy khii: De nfii suy falm lupng cho khoi (block) vi phy khfii (subblock), ta phai tiln hlnh tmfa toin cic Variogram vi nh|n dupc kicfa fliufic 3 ttyc cua ellipsolid. Tu diy, pfain mim cho phip nhip ttvc tiep cic gii tti nh|n dupc tft vific tinh toin dfi.
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mnh 24. Kit qua mf hink kod Variogram theo cac phuong cia CaO co hieu unirttt stnh rat nho. tran li 1.2. bin kinh ddi ink kudngcho cip tin cgyI22ll%Tn ^
nm
Hinfa 25. Kit qua khao sit ban kinh ddi ink hudng doi vdi CaO
Id hinh cdu.
Hinh 26. Hinh ciu nfi suy hdm lugng CaO.
nrsrs mmms^msm^-'-
Hbh 27. Kit qui xiy dung mf kink, ngi suy tuong dong vol tkdn di vfi thuc li, kim luf
Dfii vfii him lupng MgO, chung toi tiln hlnh khio sit cic y(h) vi kit qui li flianh phin niy cfi tinh di huong vfii dye cfia eUipsoid ttieo ty lfi cung li 1:1.
Ket qui nfii suy him lupng cho timg khoi hay phu kfaoi cfi flil xem ttieo Hnfa 26.
Tu kfit qui niy, ta cfi ttil hilt dupc cac kfali cfi ham lupng CaO, MgO ttong khfii dfi vl tfi do dua ra bii toin phii Upu cho timg khoi, hmg vi tti khfing gian vyc mfi.
vai'' "**' ' " ^ " " ' ' * " ' " ' * " • • * '"Vng di J u ket qui nfii suy ham lupng, phim mem SURPAC tg dfing loai ra cac kfali va phy khfii khfing dat chi tieu vl him lupng^CaO, MgO, v.v... Nhung khfii dat yeu cau chi tieu cfing nghifip dupc cpng ai va cho ra ket qui tmh toin theo dfi cao (z) vi ttieo b|c him lupng (CaO MgO v.v..). Ket qui tinh ttft lupng o d ^ g thl
i
>). ttpng lupng (tin) v l him lupng bmh cac diinh phin co ich. Trftvi ngogi suy kim luang cho la thin di vol -- sau nfi suy cua mft khfl
tinh bing phuong phip ttniyin fliing (phuong pfaip mat cit song song thing dung) li gan 11%, ttong do ttij lupng n'nh bing phan mfim ttiufing cho ttfl lupng Ifin hon, Ii do ttong pfain mem tinfa ttii lupng lufin tinh vfii phuong In toi uu hoi.
K6T LUAN
Mo hinh hoi flian d l vfii bing phuong phip cy till l i mfit pfauong phip hi^u qui tt-ong thim dfi d i vfii Iim nguyen lifiu xi ming. Vfii sy tt-p gifip cfia miy tinh, ngoii vific biet dupc ttu lupng cua mfi mfit cich chinh xic, con biit dupc him lupng cho timg lfi nhfi, m l dilu dfi rit cin cho cic bii toin phoi lifiu.
Trft lupng tinh toin bing phuong phip mfi hinh hoi so vfii cic phuong phip khic li ttnmg duong nhau, ttong khi dfi pfauong phip mfi hinh hoi nh|n thfic than' d i vfii 6 khfing gian 3 cfailu.
Sfi dyng phuong phip cy thl dl mfi htafa hoi ttiln d l vfii phyc vy tinh lii nguyen kfaoing sin l i phuong phip dera
fliln dl vfii ttrong ty v l d c loju fauifa kfaoing sin khac.
V A N U $ U
1. Bing Trin Bing, NgoySn Van Binh, Phfing Van Vui, 1987. Tinfa ttft lupng khoing sin rin. Nxb Khoa hgc vd Kf thugt. Ha Nfi.
2. Bing Xuln Phong, Ngnyin Phuong, 2006. Bii giing Phmmg pfaip tim kiem v l dy bio tli nguyfin kfaoing sin. Dgi hgc M-DC, Hd Nfl
3. Do Canh Duong, 2007. Bii giing Khoing chit cfing nghipp. Dai hoc M-DC, Ha NfL
4. p i n g V i n Nhi, Ngnyin Phmmg,
E
Ngnyin Vin LSm, Truvng Xuin Lu|n Phan Viit Nhin, 2003. Phuong phip Ihim dfi mfi. Bgi hgc M-DC, Hd Nfl5. Ding van Nhi, Lmmg Quang Khang, Nguyin Phuong, Nguyin V5n Lim, 2006. Bii giing Phuong p h ^ xft IJ
fliong ttn dia chit dl nghien cfiu ffiai tta ffia chit BgihgcM-DC HaNfl
6. Ngnyin Phnvng, Ngnyin Vin Lam, 2007. Bai giing Mfi hinfa hoi cic tinfa chit cfia khoing sin va phuong phip ttilm do. ftoi hoc M-DC, Ha Nfl.
7. So^ Tai ngnyfin v4 Moi tTiinng H i Nam, 2008. Bio d o Thim dfi di vfii lam nguyen Upu xi ming tai kfau vyc Thanfa Ngfaj, fauyjn Thanh Liem, Hi Nam. Luu IrOSa TN&MT Hd Nam.
8. Stone J.G., Dunn P.G., 1998. Ore reserve estimates in the real world.
9. SURPAC Minei Group, 2004.
Huong dan sft dyng phin mem SURPAC.
Vision Gemcomsqfiware, Australia.
10. Trmmg Xuan Luan, Ngnyin Tiln Dung, 2006. Bja flifing kfi v i tin hpc fing dyng Bgi hgc M-BC, Ha NfL
11. Tmong XuSn Lu|n, 2007. Bii giing Toin ifla chit Bai hgc Mo - Bia ekdl, HdNfi
SUMMARY
ri=r=:5yr?hX::r:::r:;^:is;!sSmS
, , . , , . ^ydn Lugng. Bf Vdn Binh Modellmg of ore bodies in general, and limestone bodies m particular for C ' r / a ^ U c i r ™ ? ^ ""• " "'"« ^"""^^ '^ ^ - » ' l i « - t o " e ' 2 e f ta v l h T ^ Wlicatton of concrete modelltag for flie calculation of UmesKme reserves lias been conducmg tti high value. The modeUing mettiod usmg remltfrfrte SJn^
me reserves and design flie mme exploitation. •">-"•««;
Nguai biln Ifp: Trin Vdn Tri
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