An overview of the most important aquifer systems in the region is given in Fig.2.6. In addition, several alien species have been introduced into the water systems of the Jordan Valley. In the western part of the Jordan Valley, a total of 44 nature reserves and national parks have been allocated by Israel from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea.
Untreated sewage flowing in the Jordan Valley is one of the major sources of pollution in the study area. Most of the plastic is collected and sold to plastic recycling factories located mainly outside the Jordan Valley. These volumes have a major influence on the water balance in this part of the Jordan Valley.
This section provides a brief overview of the main cultural heritage sites in the Jordan Valley. The ancient Pella at Tabaqat Fahal is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Jordan Valley. A transformer substation will be built south of the city of Jericho and connected to the existing grid.
Although the nexus concept is outside the Jordan Valley, the implications for the valley are significant.
It ’ s People .1 Population
The agricultural activities of the settlements in the Palestinian study area generate about NIS 500 million in income. The communities farming in the Jordan Valley had a reputation for exporting agricultural products to regional urban centers. In the 1950s, the riparian states developed a strong interest in developing irrigation to expand the agricultural output of the Jordan Valley.
Irrigated agriculture in the Jordan Valley focuses on the production of high-value irrigated fruit and vegetable crops for export markets. In the Israeli part of the study area, growers collaborated with national knowledge partners to develop appropriate cultivation techniques for crop and livestock production. The Jordan Valley plays a minor role in agricultural production, as the majority is produced in the central and western regions of the country.
This diversity of tourist attractions gives the Jordan Valley the potential to become one of the most important tourist destinations in the Middle East. Jericho, which is the main urban center in the Palestinian part of the study area with about 34,000 inhabitants, Fig. With the exception of the Israeli zone, the industrial sector is insufficiently developed in the Jordan Valley.
Processing facilities inside the agricultural systems are only relevant in the Israeli part of the study area, and their water needs are considered under industrial water needs. This is based on actual water demand in the Jordan Valley, Israel and Palestine. An overview of the total water demand versus supply in the valley is given in the above table.
Most of the water sources in the Palestinian part of the study area are used for water supply purposes. The total water supply in the Palestinian part of the Jordan Valley study is estimated to be approximately 82 MCM/year (2010). In the West Bank (from the south to the Bezeq stream) direct information on the connection between the groundwater system in the Jordan Valley and the lower part of the Jordan River has been described in several studies.
This situation clearly limits future agricultural and economic aspirations in the Jordan Valley. The water needs of Palestinians currently living in the study area were estimated at 42 MCM/year, of which 34 MCM are actually supplied.
It ’ s Governance
Jordan Network Middle East EcoPeace Network Women's organization representing women as stakeholders in water and environmental services in the residential areas of the Jordan Valley. Women's organization representing women as stakeholders in water and environmental services in the residential areas of the Jordan Valley. The LEISA farm grouping aims to promote LEISA farming styles in the Palestinian area of the Jordan Valley.
PWA shares responsibility for irrigation development with the Directorate of Land and Water Management in the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and the Environmental Protection Section of the Environment Quality Authority. The Directorates of Agricultural Services and Land and Water Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture are the main providers of public services for irrigated agriculture. This section provides an overview of the governance structure and key government organizations and their responsibilities in the Jordan Valley.
The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (MOTA) is responsible for managing the tourist sector and the antiquities in the Jordan Valley. The Ministry of Environmental Protection is responsible for the protection of the environment and ecosystems, as well as sustainable development. The Kinneret Drainage Authority is responsible for the portion of the Jordan Valley from the Kinneret/Sea of Galilee to Naharyim.
It is responsible for drainage and water management and is currently implementing river rehabilitation efforts in its part of the river. As a result of the Interim (Oslo I and II) Agreements, and the agreement on the handover of responsibilities between the Palestine Liberation Organization and the government of Israel, the Jordan Valley was divided into 3 different categories of land, security. and civil administration (A, B and C). The law also states that a draft Water, Drainage and Sewerage Plan must be prepared by the Planning Department of the Palestinian Water Authority.
Current restrictions on Palestinian water use do not meet criteria for fair distribution among the Jordan Valley riparian parties. An important step forward would be to list the Jordan Valley in a trilateral way by UNESCO. In accordance with this Master Plan, the Jordan Valley should be an integrated part of the independent Palestinian State, with ultimate control by the Palestinian Authority.
