Chinh sach
Viet Nam: Nguoi n g h e o canh
"nui cua" tai
Trong vai nam t r d lai ddy, vdn d§ Bien Odng luon duac cac doc gia trong va ngoai nudc quan tdm. Ngay cang nhi^u cac hpc gid dua ra nhijng bang chiing khdng t h ^ ch6i cai v^ cht) quy^n cua Viet Nam vai vung biln nay cung nhu dua ra nhung nghifin ctiu, ldp ludn cua minh de bao ve toan ven lanh tho Viet Nam. T i l n si Ddng Xudn Phuong, Vij trudng, Tdng cue Bien va Hai dao Viet Nam (Bo Tai nguyfin va Moi trudng) da dk cdp mot each toan di^n tiJ vj t r i dja ly, diSu kien vat c h i t , quy md lanh tho, quy md ddn s6, ddc didm ddn toe tdi dac diem the c h l Nha nudc, de xem xet vdn d^ cua Vifit Nam vdi Bien Dong (trfin co sd vdn dung quan diem ly luan vk cac thanh t o dja - chiln lupc cdt y l u da gdp phdn tao ra SIJ hung thjnh cua cac cudng quoc trfin bien ma A. F. Mahan [1840-1914], m o t chiln lupc gia hai quan ngudi My da nghien ci/u, d l ra vao cuoi t h l ky XIX).
Ddng X u ^ Phuong
K
hi Unh hinh Bien Ddng dang gia tang "sue ndng" mOt each nhanh chdng, nguy co Viet Nam cd thd bj cudn vao xung dot vu trang lien quan tranh chdp lanh thd la khdng nhd.cau chuydn edn xem xdt mpt cdch nghidm luc d ddy la, tai sao trong sudt chdng dudng ddi ciia Ijch su dan tpc Vift Nam chua Iiie
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nao cd the tan dyng dupc uu thd ven bidn de vuon Ifn thdnh mdt qudc gia cd sue mgnh tren Bidn Ddng?
Ngoi... nhjnktidi "cua cat"
Tu hon mdt ngan ndm nay, viing bidn Ddng da tdp tmng cdc tuydn hang hai qude te cd mat dO giao thucmg vdo logi cao giiia cdc nude Ddng Bde A vdi cdc nudc Ddng Nam A, Nam A, Tmng DOng, Chdu Phi vd xa hon nua Id cac nudc Tdy Au. Tdm quan trpng cda Bien Ddng lgi ngay cdng duprc khdng djnh ddi vdi thd gidi do sy
phy thudc ngay cang tdng ciia cdc nude Chau A-Thdi Binh Duong vao ngudn ddu md dupc eung cdp tii Tmng Ddng cung nhu cdc ngudn lai nguyfn Udm tang trong ldng ddt dudi ddy Bidn nay.
Trong khu vue Ddng Nam A ndi rifng, khdng chi ridng Vidt Nam md nhidu nudc khac ddu mong mudn cd thd lidn Idn vj tri cudng qudc nhd bidn. Nhung khdng jftai qudc gia nao cung hOi ly cdc dieu kifn va cd tiem nang de thyc hifn dupc myc Udu nay, ngay cd khi cd dudng bd bidn ddi va sd hOu nhldu ddo, qudn ddo.
Trong llch sii vdn minh nhdn logi, cd nhting qudc gia da bidl tdn dyng dirpc vj tri ddc bidl ciia minh dd vuon ldn thdnh cudng qudc bidn. Thdi cd dgi, ngudi La Ma sau khi Idm chii bdn ddo Italy cOng dd tdn dyng Ipri thd nay dd vuon ra kidm sodt todn bO cdc khu v\fc lanh thd ndm chung quanh bidn ndy vd U-d thanh De qudc v! dgi nhdt U-ong lieh sii nhdn logi. Sau nay, hai Dd qudc Anh vd My (cd U'nh kd lye nhau) ddu da ndi Idn duy tri sue manh thdng tri bidn cd tli nhting thdng loi qudn si/ vd quan trpng hon ca la bidt tdn dyng nhdng vl tn hidm ydu trdn bidn xdt vd phuong difn dja — chien lupc nhu cac eo bidn Manche, Gibraltar, Mallaca hoac cac kdnh dao Suez, Pcinama.
Ddu thd ky XXI, khi ngudi ta bat ddu ndi nhieu vd mdt ndn van minh mdi ndi trdn hai bfn bd eda Thai Binh Duong, cung la luc ddt nude Vidl Nam chdng ta dang ndm cgnh mdt khu vuc lap tmng nhieu mdu thudn hang ddu thd gidi ve Icri ich qudc gia cung nhu su thidu tin tudng vao nhung gia tri cila phap ludt qudc Id.
Vi vdy, vj Ui dja ly cua Vift Nam trfn ben bd Bidn Ddng, xem ra vua thudn Ipi nhung cung lai cue ky nguy hidm. Dieu ndy eung gidng nhu ta dang d ngay egnh mdt khd'i
"ciia cdi" cd gia trj to ldn nhung Igi chua cd Ihi/c lue dd chidm huu, su dyng ed ich nhdt cho minh ndn ludn bi ke khdc nhdm ngd, tim each chidm dogl va rdt dd xam hai ddn ban Uidn.
Dai bo phan djn cu cliva sin sang Men ra bien
Trong vdng hon 5 thd ky ddu tidn sau khi Vidl Nam danh ddc lap (thd ky X-XV), ehde chdn ndu khdng ed mdt Udm luc kinh id hiing hau lai vung ehdu thd SOng Hdng (rOng khodng 15.000 km2) vd quy md dan sd ddng hon khoang gdp 5 ldn so vdi ngudi Chdm thi Dai
Vift da khdng thd Uidng. Va, hinh thai dia-chidn lupc dOi vdi qud'c gia ven bidn Viet Nam hdn se khdng nhu hifn nay ndu ngudi Cham luc dd cd duac mOt vung ddng bdng rdng ldn hon vd quy md dan sd ddng hon d Midn Tmng.
Thyc td cho thdy mOt dan tdc dd nhd nhung ndu bidt phdt huy sue mgnh tdng hop vd quan su- kinh td trfn bidn va bidt tdn dyng hpp if cac dac didm dja thd ciia ddt nudc minh thi cdc qude gia thd djch du cd quy md ldnh thd vd ddn sd ldn ban, eOng khdng thd dd ddng thdn tinh
Du vdy, cdn ndi rd, ndu qudc gia eu y Iai vdo nhting lpi thd dd ed sdn md khdng bidt chii ddng vuot ldn trude thi eudi cdng eflng se bi ke djch Um ra each khde chd va de bep. Nguy eo didt vong vdn cd the ddn khdng bap lau sau khi danh chien thdng.
Trong sudt qua trinh ljeh sd, quy md dan cu gan vdi yeu id bidn (iam nghe di bien hode sinh sd'ng d vung ven bidn, hdi ddo) ciia Vift Nam thdp hon kha nhieu so vdi sd dan cae vung cdn lai ciia ddt nudc.
Trong thdi Tmng dai, chua cd tdi 30% ddn eu trfn ddt nude \^ft Nam ed ddi sdng lien quan ddn yeu td bien. Hifn nay, khi nhdn thiic ve tdm quan trpng eua bidn eung nhu ede lpi ich kinh td tii bien mang lgi dd Idn hon rat nhieu thi quy md ddn sd cdc vung ven bien vd hai ddo cflng khdng ldn ban Id bao nhieu (De dn 52 do Thu tudng Chinh phil phd duydt ndm 2009 ve kidm sodt dan sd ede vung bien, hdi dao va ven bien cung dd du bdo quy md dan s6 cae vung nay tu 2015 ddn 2020 vdo khoang 34-37 tridu ngudi, tue Id khoang 35-40%
dan sd loan qudc).
Quy md ddn sd ven bien Vift Nam cho thay du ddt nude cd dupc mdt bidn rat rdng va rat thoang nhung dd chua hdn da la Ioi the va edng ddng dan tOc chua sdn sdng
dd trd thdnh mdt cdng ddng mgnh vd bidn. Su thidu kha nang lien kdt cac vung ven bidn mOt ldn nua dd minh chiing cho hgn chd mang tinh tdt ydu vd phdn bd quy md dan sd gdn vdi Ipi ieh eila bidn.
Lanh thd nhir "nha sieu mong"
Vdl quy md ldnh thd khdng Idn nhung Igi ed edu tnic dja hinh phue tgp, ddi ddng bdng ven bidn bj cdt bdi nhidu ddy niii dn ra sdt bien ndn sudt doe midn Tmng, hdu nhu khdng cd mdt viing ddng bdng ndo dli ldn cho phep tao sue mgnh kinh td ddp iing nhu cdu ciia 5%
ddn sd Vift Nam.
Trong sd cdc dd thj dupc coi Id ldn ndm ven bien midn Tmng nhu Hud, Dd Ndng, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, khdng cd thdnh phd nao cd kinh td cang bidn ddng vai tro chu lyc cua vung. Cac thdnh phd nay deu rat khd cd kha nang trd thdnh ddu keo cho sy phat trien kinh td bien ciia Viet Nam.
Cho du Chinh phu dd quy hoach den 15 khu ldnh td ven bien den nam 2020 de tao tien de phat tridn eac dd thi, hang chuc san bay, hang chuc cang bidn (vd cdc dich vu hd trp lien qu£in den kinh td bidn) thi khd nang tgo ra duac mdi lifn ket, hd tro ldn nhau giua eae khu kinh te nay la rat khd khan va cd nguy co Idp lai Unh trang ddu tu ddn trai, thidu hieu qua.
Nguydn nhan la do dja hinh mien Tmng thifu vdng khdng gian bdng phdng, rdt khd phdt trien dupe eae nganh, linh vue hdu cdn kinh te bien cung nhu khd khdn nghidm trpng cho lifn kd't viing ven bidn vdi cde viing kinh td khde.
Ndi tdm lai, Ipi the mat Uen cua bidn ddi vdi nudc ta ddn nay chua the khai thac. Tinh thd khong khac nao du ed vj tri ddt ndm ngay trdn phd ldn, dudng to nhung mdt khi da la "nha sidu mdng" thi khdng the sinh hogt thoai mdi hode kinh doanh ed hidu qud./.
S 6 3 M (4/2013) KINH TE CHAU A - T H A I BiNH DUONG
