Phap lu§t vg kilm soat
thoa thu§n han che canh tranh 6* Viet Nam
Nguyin Thi T r 3 m ' ' Hpc vi?n Chinh trj Khu v\rc II.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 22 thang 7 nam 2017. Chip nhan dang ngky 10 thang 11 nSm 2017.
Tom tat: 0 Vipt Nam, phap lugt ve kiem soat thoa thugn ban che cgnh ttanh ra ddi ciing Luat Cgnh tranh nam 2004. Phap luat do cd tdc dgng tich eye trong vipc bao vp canh tranh, bdo dam trgt ty thj trudng, bdo vp quyln cgnh ttanh ty do binh ding, quyln vd lgi ich hgp phap ciia cac chu the kinh doanh, bao vp quyen lgi ngudi tieu dung. Ben cgnh do, phap lugt vl kiem soat thoa thuan ban che canh tranh cung con nhiing bgn che, gay anh hudng den qua ttinh thuc hipn kiem seat thoa thugn hgn che canh tranh d Vipt Nam, do la: cac quy dinh ve hanh vi thoa thugn hgn che cgnh ttanh (TTHCCT) vdn ehua dly dii; quy djnh ve elm TTHCCT con nhieu bgn cbl; quy djnh vl xir ly vi phgm phap lugt chua phan dinh ro hinh thuc xir ly; quy djnh ve mien trir thilu tinh bao quat.
Ttr khoa: Thda thuan hgn cbl cgnh ttanh, Lu|t Cgnh tranh 2004, phap ludt.
Phan loai nganh: Lugt bgc
Abstract: In Vietnam, the law to conttol competition restriction agreement was started with the Competition Law m 2004. The law has had positive effects in protectmg compethion, ensuring the market order, protecting the right to ti-eedom and equality in competition and the legitimate rights and interests of business entities, as well as protecting consumers' interests. However, the law conttolling the competition restriction agreement does have limitations, which affect the process of conttoUing such agreement in Vietnam. The limitations include the incomplete regulation on the behaviours of such agreement, the inadequacies in the stipulations on the ban against the agreement, with the regulation on handling breaches remaining unclear, and regulation on exemptions not sufficiently covering.
Keywords; Competition restriction agreement, the 2004 Competition Law, law.
Subject classification: Jurisprudence
Khoa bgc xa hpi Vipt Nam, si 1 -2018 l . D $ t v l n d e
Phdp ludt v l kilm soat TTHCCT Id hg thing ede quy phgm phdp ludt dieu chinh ede quan hp xa hpi phdt sinh ttong vigc kiem sodt ede thda thudn Idm giam, sai Ipcb, can ttd cgnh ttanh tten tbi trudng.
Luat Cgnh ttanh duge coi Id "Men phdp"
cda nIn kinh t l tbi trudng. Cdng vdi phdp ludt vd kidm soat hdnh vi Igm dung vi tti thdng linh thi trudng vd kidm sodt tgp tnmg kinh te, phdp lugt ve TTHCCT Id mpt ttong ba try cdt eiia phap lugt vd kidm soat hdnh vi hgn cbl cgnh ttanh. 6 Vipt Nam, Lugt Cgnh ttanh 2004 la vdn bdn lugt dIu tidn quy dinh mPt cdeh khd dly dii v l kilm sodt TTHCCT. Bdi vilt Idm rd qud trinh ra ddi, phat triln ciing nhu eac Mpu qua md phdp ludt v l kilm sodt TTHCCT mang lgi, ddng thdi cM ra nbung hgn che, bat cap ciia phap lugt gay anh hudng din qud trinh tiiyc tM kilm sodt TTHCCT.
2. Quy dinh phap luat v l kilm sodt TTHCCT d Vigt Nam
Trong lihh vyc phdp ludt kinh tl, phdp lii|it cgnh ttanh d Vipt Nam ra ddi khd mupn.
Vdn bdn ludt dIu tien tryc tilp gM nhdn va bao vg quydn ty do cgnh tranh la Lugt Thuong mgi ndm 1997. Tuy nMdn, Lugt Thuong mgi 1997 cM dieu cMnh cdc hdnh vi dugc phap lugt coi Id cdc hdnh vi canh ttanh khdng lanh mgnh (nhu ban phd gid, dIu CO, giem pha thuong nhan khac...). Lugt Cac to chue tin dung 1997 cung gM nh|ln
"Cdc to chdc hogt dgng ngdn hang dugc hgp tac vd cgnh tranh hgp phdp" tgi Dieu 16 nhung tuong ty nhu Lu|it Thuong mgi 1997. Cdc hdnh vi ludt ngMdm d m cung la nhihig hdnh vi cgnh ttanh khdng Idnh manh.
Vdo thdi dilm nay, nhihig quy dinh ve kilm
sodt hanh vi bgn che cgnh tranh van edn hodn todn xa la vdi phdp lugt Vidt Nam.
Phap Ignh Gia sd 40/2002/PL-UBTVQH ed thd dugc xem Id vdn bdn quy pham phdp lugt dIu tien quy dinh vd kiem sodt TTHCCT kM elm cac td chue, cd nhdn san x d t , kinh doanh "Cau ket vdi td chdc, cd nhan sdn x d t , kinh doanh khdc de lien kit dgc quyln v l gid, gdy tMdt hai din lgi ich hgp phdp cua to chdc, cd nhdn sdn xult, Idnh doMih khac, cua ngirdi tidu dimg vd lgi ich ciia Nhd nude" ^ i e u 28, Khodn 1). Ddy Id cdc hdnh vi thda thudn In dinh gid sau nay da dugc Ludt Cgnh ttanh 2004 dilu cMnh. Tuy nMdn, quy dinh ttong Phap Ignh Gid cM la mpt dieu khodn nhd ndn chua du Mnh thdnh ehl dinh phdp ludt v l kilm soat TTHCCT.
Xuat phdt tir nhihig yeu cau khach quan cua ddi song kinh te xd hpi, cung la tii yeu cau hodn tMpn khung phdp ly vd kinh t l tM trudng nhdm gia nhap Td chue Thuong mgi till gidi (WTO), den ndm 2003, Cbinb phii cMnh thdc giao Bp Thuong mgi chu tri xay dyng Dy Ihdo Lugt Cgnh ttanh va ngay 03/12/2004, Quoc hpi klida XI da thdng qua Luat Canh tranh 2004. Ddy Id vdn bdn ludt chinh thdc vd dly du nhlt v l phdp lu$t canh tranh, gom cd lugt npi dung va lu4t Mnh thiic, dilu chinh hanh vi cgnh ttanh khdng lanh mgnh vd hgn chi canh ttanh. Vdi sy ra ddi cua Ludt Cgnh ti-anh 2004, phdp Mat vl kilm sodt TTHCCT dugc Mnh tiidnh tiiong ddi day du, cd vj tri lugt chung; cac vdn ban lu§t khac (nhu Luat Sd hihi tri tup, Ludt D I U thIu, Lugt Gid, Lugt Chiing khoan...) cd quy dinh v l kilm soat TTHCCT ttong cac linh vyc cy the la luat chuydn nganh.
Ndm 2015, vdi tinh than d n phai quy djnh tpi phgm ddi vdi nhChig hdnh vi nguy Mem cho xd hgi mdi x d t Mgn trong qua trinh phdt tiiln kmh t l - xd hdi, khoa hge, cdng nghg vd hgi nhgp qu6c tl, Bg li4t HMh sy (sda dli) da bd sung mpt dilu I d t
Nguyen Thi Tram mdi "Tpi vl phgm cac quy dinh ve cgnh
tranh" vdi miic phgt tiln cd thi len tdi 3 ty ddng, miic phat tii cd thi Idn tdi 05 ndm, ciing vdi cdc Mnh phgt b l sung. KM Bp ludt Hinh sy 2015 cd Mgu lyc tM hanh vao ngay 01/01/2018, lan dIu tidn Vidt Nam sS dp dimg bidn phdp hinh sy vdi cac TTHCCT vi pham phap luat nhdm tdng Mdu qud kilm soat TTHCCT.
Bdi canh kinh t l - x d hPi cua Vigt Nam thdi gian qua (dac bidt kM Viet Nam hpi nhgp sau, rpng hon vdi ndn kinh t l thd gidi) da cd nMeu thay ddi. Tinh binb dd dd tdc dpng den mpt sd npi dimg eua Lugt Canh ttanh va lam eho nd khdng con phd hgp niia. Do vdy, Qudc hpi kbda XIV dd quylt dinh sda d l i Ludt Canh tranh 2004, vdi nMeu npi dung lidn quan den kiem sodt TTHCCT. Vdn ban lu|t dy tiido dy kiln se dugc thdng qua vdo thdng 5 ndm 2018.
Trong tuong lai gan, phdp lugt vd kilm sodt TTHCCT s6 tiep tyc cd nhiing budc phdt trien mdi.
3. Nhung thanh tuii cua phap lugt ve kiem soat T T H C C T cua Vigt Nam Thu nhdt, sy Mnh thdnh cbl dinh phdp lugt vl kilm sodt TTHCCT danh dIu lln dau tidn Vipt Nam cd dugc mgt chi dinh phap lugt tuang ddi toan dign gdm cd li4t npi dung vd lugt Mnh thuc ve kilm sodt TTHCCT. Vi till phap ly cua Vipt Nam ttong linh vyc ndy Id khd cao so vdi cdc nude trong khu vyc ASEAN; cM ddng sau Thdi Lan, Indonesia va ngang vdi Smgapore. Chd dinh phap luat vd kiem soat TTHCCT cua Viet Nam da till Mgn dugc tinh thin bao vg canh tranh ty do, Idnh manh; v l ca ban tuang dong vdi phdp luat cgnh tranb ciia iiMdu quoc gia trdn the gidi;
dap dng phln ndo ydu d u hpi nhgp quoc t l cua Vipt Nam.
Thti hai, che djnh phdp ludt ve kidm sodt TTHCCT eua Vipt Nam dugc xdy dyng hgp ly, logic theo clu true quy dinh hanh vi/dm/imdn trii. Cac quy dinh ve TTHCCT (bao gom cac hanh vi TTHCCT bi cam vd cac quy dinh vd mien tru ddi vdi TTHCCT) dugc tMlt k l tgi Lugt Cgnh ttanh 2004 thdnh ba dieu khodn ^ i e u 8, Dieu 9 vd Dieu 10) noi tidp nhau. Quy dinh ve xd ly vi phgm va quy dinh ve trinh ty, thu tue dilu tta vd xd ly vy vide TTHCCT dugc tMlt k l d chuang V (Didu tra, xii ly vu vide canh tranh). Day la mdt cau tnic hgp ly, cb^t che, tgo dilu kipn tilp c|n npi dung cua che dinh mpt cdeh de ddng.
Thir ba, ehl dinh phdp lugt v l kilm soat TTHCCT Vigt Nam da dilu cMnh tirong ddi dly du cdc quan he phat sinh tir hdnh vi TTHCCT. Cbl dinh phdp ludt dd xdc dinh duge cac hanh vi TTHCCT vd bdn chit cua TTHCCT. Khodn 3, Dilu 3 Luat Cgnh tranh 2004; dd gidi tMch rd rang rang
"hdnh vi hgn cbl cgnh tranh" la hanh vi cda doanh nghigp "lam giam, lam sai Ipch, edn ttd canh ttanh trdn thi trudng". Li4t Cgnh tranh 2004 vd cac van bdn hudng dan tM hanh cung da dinh binh v l mpt loai hdnh vi mdi md trude dd chua tiing dugc dilu cMnh, v l co ban da xdc dinh dugc nhthig thda thugn hgn chi cgnh ttanh edn kilm sodt tten thi trudng^. Chi dinh phap luat dd dd xay dyng dugc "khung phdp ly"
ca bdn v l kidm soat TTHCCT. Khung do bao gom: cdc quy dinh kilm sodt TTHCCT (theo hai nhdm: nhdm bi d m tuypt doi va nhdm bi cam ed dieu kipn); cdc quy dinh vd xd ly vi pham rat da dgng (vdi cac bipn phdp xii ly nhu ednh cdo, phgt tiln, phat bd sung, cimg cac bipn phdp khIc phuc bau qud vdi'Cac tinh tiet gidm nbg, tdng nang);
cdc quy dinh ve imen trir ddi vdi TTHCCT vi phgm phdp lu|it. Cd thd thay, khung phdp ly nay budc dIu dap dng ydu cau kilm sodt TTHCCT. Tren thyc t l , co quan
45
Khoa hpc xa hpi Vipt Nam, so 1 - 2018 qudn ly cgnh ttanh cung da dp dung ehl dinh phdp ly ttdn d l xd ly vy vipc thda thudn In djnh gia eiia cdc doanh ngMpp bdo Mem phi nhdn thg ndm 2010 va vy vipc thda thudn In dinh mdc phi bao Mem bgc sinh tai Khdnh Hda vdo ndm 2013.
Thie tu, Lugt Cgnh ttanh 2004 vd cac vdn bdn hudng din tM hanh dd tgo co sd phdp ly dd xdy dyng va to chdc hogt dpng doi vdi Hpi ddng canh ttanh va Cyc Qudn ly cgnh ttanh (ede co quan thue Mgn phdp lugt v l kilm sodt TTHCCT). Trdn tiiyc tl, hogt dpng cila ede co quan ndy dd dgt dugc nbiing thdnh ti'ch dang gM nhdn.
4. Nhung ban ehl cua phdp lugt v l kilm scat TTHCCT cua Vigt Nam
Trong ban mudi ndm thuc tM, phdp lugt v l kiem soat TTHCCT da dgt dugc nMlu thdnh qud, nhung no da vd dang bpc Ip nhfing ban cbl nhdt djnh.
Mgt Id, cdc quy dinh v l hdnh vi TTHCCT Mdn nay van chua dly dd, chua lam ro chu the tham gia TTHCCT vd ehua bao qudt hit cdc dang thdc TTHCCT ttong thyc tiln.
Xac djnh mpt TTHCCT d n phdi cd it nhlt hai ylu td; do la "thda tiiudn". va
"hgn cbl cgnh tranh". Phdp Mat hipn hdnh da lam ro vd "hgn c b l canh ttanh" tai Khodn 3 Dieu 3 Lugt Canh tranh 2004, nhung da bd sdt ylu t l "thda thuan". Phdp lugt cln lam r6 ring mgt TTHCCT cd hay khdng cd sy thong nhlt y cM giiia cac bdn, cimg cdc phuang thdc thi hipn sy thing nhat y cM gitia cdc bdn th^n gia thda thudn dd (cbing hgn Id cam kit, thing nhlt ciing hdnh dgng, hay Id nhihig cu chi ngy y thd hipn dudi bit k l hinh thdc nao). Mdc dii phdp luat Vipt Nam ciing nhu nMeu quIc gia khac d m bit ky Mnh thdc thdng dong Idm sai Ipch canh tranh, "nhung (nd)
khdng lam mIt di quyen cua ede chd thi kinh doanh dugc tMch ngM vdi mpt edch thdng minh vdi cdc hdnh vi hipn tgi vd tuong lai ciia d l i thu cgnh ttanh ciia hg"^.
Trudng hgp doanh ngMpp cd cdc "hanh vi tuong dong", "hdnh vi song song" nhdm tMch ngM vdi hdnh vi canh ttanh cua dli thu, nhung khdng cd sy thdng nhat y ehi giiia cdc ben, tM trudng hgp dd khdng the cd TTHCCT. Do dd, xdc dinh cd hay khdng sy thong nhat giiia cdc ddi thu kinh doanh Id van dd rat quan trgng md phdp lugt v l kiem sodt TTHCCT cua Vipt Nam cln luu y.
Quy dinh ve hdnh vi TTHCCT Men nay Cling ehua 1dm rd chu thi tham gia TTHCCT. Kinh t l hge da xdc djnh chu thi tham gia TTHCCT la cdc ddi thu cgnh ttanh ttdn thi trudng, TTHCCT Id ttd choi ciia ede doanh ngMpp ttong thi tiidng dpe quydn nhdm hgp tac vdi nhau d l ed du siic mgnh cM phii thj trudng [4, tt.48]. Lugt Cgnh tranh 2004 quy dinh ve doi tugng dp dyng la cdc doanh ngMdp vd Mpp hgi ngdnh nghi hogt dpng d Vigt Nam. Nhu vdy, ludt vIn thilu su ro rdiig v l thupc tinh chu thi TTHCCT Id "cdc ddi thu canh tranh".
Ben canh do, phdp lugt Mgn hdnh vdi quy djnh cy till 8 dgng TTHCCT da lam tiiu hgp phgm vi dilu chmh cua phap lugt.
Cdeh xdy dyng quy djnh v l hdnh vi TTHCCT viia cdng nhdc, viia hgp cda phdp lugt Vipt Nam hodn todn khdng theo kip tiiyc tiln, bd sdt nhiing TTHCCT, gdy tac dyng tieu cyc, gdy khd khdn cho co quan tiiyc tM phap luat. Hudng hodn tiiign la cln quy dinh cdc *tidu cM" d l xdc dinh TTHCiCT chii khdng quy dinh lipt kd hanh vi cu thi.
Hai la. cdc quy dinh v l d m TTHCCT edn nMeu han chi; quy dinh coi nhdm TTHCCT bi d m cd dilu kipn su dyng tiii phln Id ca sd duy nhlt d l xdc dinh dilu kipn cam la quy dinh chua hgp ly; quy dinh 46
Nguyen Thj Tram v l nhdm TTHCCT bj d m tuypt doi bit cap
va khdng tuang tMch vdi phdp lugt nMlu qudc gia ttdn thi gidi.
Nhiing TTHCCT bi d m tiiygt doi (nhftng thda thudn mang ban chit hgn ehl cgnh tranh "ma khdng phdi cd thdm sy b l sung nao khdc") thudng dp dyng vdi ede TTHCCT ngMdm ttgng nhu thda thugn In dinh gia hdng hda mgt each tryc tilp bode gian tidp, thda thu|in hgn cbl ho^c kilm soat san lugng, thda thugn phdn eMa thi trudng, khu vye, khdch hdng vd thdng dong dIu tiilu [2, tt.l3]. Trong cdc TTHCCT tiiupc nhdm bi elm tuypt d l i ciia phdp lu|it Vigt Nam khdng ed thda thugn In (fyih gid, thda thugn hgn cbl sdn lugng bode han nggch, thda thugn phdn cMa thi tiirdng.
Trong dieu kipn rieng eda nIn kinh t l tM trudng Vigt Nam, nhGng thda thugn ngdn can, kim ham, loai bd mang lgi tac bgi nghiem trgng, ndn cln dugc cam tuypt dli.
Nhimg ciing cln xem xdt ddnh gid nhihig TTHCCT thupc nhdm nghidm ttgng, Kinh te hge coi thda thuan giiia cdc d l i thu cgnh ti-anh ve gia la mpt ttong nhftng TTHCCT nghiem ttpng. "Sd di nhu vdy vi gid cd id mgt ttong nhihig ylu t l ca bdn cua tM tiudng" [4, tt.55], thda thu|n In dinh gia ludn mang bdn chat hgn chd cgnh ttanh, ngodi gay tac hai ngMdm trgng cho nIn kinh te con tac hai Idn din ngudi tidu dimg.
Cbl dinh phap luat v l kilm sodt TTHCCT cua Viet Nam khdng d m tuypt doi nhiing TTHCCT ndy; dilu dd sd lam phdp ludt Vipt Nam tMeu tuang dong vdi thi gidi, gay bit cdp ttong thuc tM doi vdi nhiing thda thudn In dinh gid, thda thuan ban chi sdn lugng hodc ban nggch, thda thu|in phdn cMa th} trudng xuydn bidn gidi dang rlt p h i bien Mpn nay.
Dli vdi rihdm bi d m cd dilu kign, phdp luat Vidt Nam quy dinh rdng dilu kipn duy nhat la miic thi phan ket hgp tten thi trudng lien quan tir 30% trd len ciia nhdm doanh
n ^ p p tham gia thda thudn. Day Id mpt didm dac bigt eua phdp luat cgnh ttanh Viet Nam. Dd xac dinh siic manh tM trudng ciia mpt doanh ngMpp hogc nhdm doanh ngMpp, ea quan cgnh tranh thudng phdi tien hdnh nhiing ngMdn edu todn dign vd phdc tgp dya trdn vide phdn tich rdt iiMdu ylu td nhu elu tnic thi trudng, thi phln, ty Ig tgp trung, rdo can gia nhdp tin trudng, rdo can md rpng tM trudng... Muc tM phln kit hgp tten tM trudng lidn quan cM la mpt ttong nhiing ylu td phan dnh sue manh cM phdi thj trudng cua nhdm doanh ngMpp tham gia thda thi4n, khdng danh gid bodn todn dugc khd ndng gay hgn cbl canh ttanh. Ben cgnh do, ttong nen kinh td, moi nganh lai cd dde dilm tbi trudng rieng, ed thi ed nhihig thi trudng ma ngudng tM phln kit hgp tdi 30%
vIn ehua du tgo he qua tdc dgng den tiu trudng. Do do phap luat kilm sodt TTHCCT Vipt Nam sd dung tin phan la ca sd duy nhlt d l d m TTHCCT la bit cgp.
Quy dinh chimg ve mpt ngudng tin phan kdt hgp 30% cho tit ed cdc thi trudng, cac ngdnh nghd, linh vyc ciing la bit cdp, Vipt Nam ndn cd hudng tidp can thda dang hon, di vdo bdn chat cda TTHCCT, do la can nhle gifta bau qud ban ehl cgnh tranh vdi tac dung thuc dly canh tranh dl xdc dinh dieu kipn cam, hon Id hudng tilp edn ngng vd hinh thdc nhu Mpn nay.
Ba la, cac quy dinh v l xd ly vi phgm phap luat chua phan dinh ro Mnh thiic xu ly dli vdi tiing nhdm TTHCCT bi d m ; can cii de xdc dinh mdc phgt chua chinh xac; nhiing quy dinh vd tinh tiet tdng ndng, gidm nbg chua dly dii.
Phap luat ve kiem soat TTHCCT ciia Vipt Nam dd quy dinh cd hai nhdm (bi d m tuypt ddi vd bi d m cd dilu kipn), nhung lgi chi quy dinh mpt hinh thdc xd ly (nlu vi phgm).
Hinh phgt cMnh la canh cao va phgt tidn, ttong dd phgt tidn dugc xac dinh theo miic 47
Kboa hpc xa hpi Vipt Nam, so 1 - 2018
"din 10% tdng doanh thu trong ndm tdi cMnh trudc ndm thyc Mpn hdnh vi vi pham" ddi vdi timg doanh ngMpp tham gia TTHCCT. Tuy nMdn, phdp lugt cM quy dinh ve tong doanh thu mpt each chimg chung, md khdng quy dinh rd rang tdng doanh thu d l xdc dinh miic phgt phdi la doanh thu tten thi trudng lidn quan. Vd xd ly vi phgm doi vdi TTHCCT, phdp ludt quy dinh miie phgt tiln toi da din 10% ting doanh thu cua nam tai chinh trudc ndm thyc Men hanh vi vi pham, nhung lgi khdng quy dinh ve mdc phat tiln tdi tMeu. Tuy cd quy dinh nMlu tinh tilt gidm nbg vd tdng n ^ g , nhung phdp lugt chua cd quy dinh v l gidm nbg cho nhihig ngudi vd tinh tham gia bode nbiing ngudi da ngung ngay hdnh vi TTHCCT kM co quan qudn ly cgnh ttanh can tMpp. Ben cgnh dd, phap luat ciing chua cd thib tilt tdng n ^ g cho nhung ngudi khdi xudng, nhihig ngudi t l chdc, nhOng ngudi ddng vai trd chu chdt ttong mpt TTHCCT.
Nhihig tinh tilt gidm nhg, tdng ndng ndy se gdp phan tdng mye dieh rdn de, gido dye ddi vdi doanh ngMpp vi phgm vd tdng khd ndng phdng ngira vi phgm.
B6n Id, cdc quy dinh v l mien trii tMeu bao qudt (do mang kit clu khdp kin theo phuang thiic lipt ke), each tidp cgn ve cac dilu kipn miln trir edn dan gidn, chua thyc sy di vdo bdn chit cua TTHCCT.
Hipn nay, phdp luat qui dinh rdng vigc mien trir cac TTHCCT khdng dp dyng vdi nhdm bi cam tuypt ddi, cM cac TTHCCT bi d m cd dilu kipn mdi dugc xem xdt miln trd cd thdi hgn. Trudng hgp dugc xem xdt mien tru cd thdi ban d n phdi dap ling mpt ttong cdc dilu kipn sau day (nhdm ha gid thdnh, cd lgi cho ngudi tieu diing): hgp ly hod ea d u td chde, md hinh kinh doanh, nang cao Mpu qud kinh doanh; thiic dly tiln bp ky thugt, cdng nghp, ndng cao chit lugng hang hoa, dich vy; thiic dly vigc dp
dimg thdng nhlt cdc tieu chuan chat lugng, dinh miic ky thugt cua chdng logi sdn pham;
thing nhat cdc dilu kign kinh doanh, giao bang, thanh toan nbung khdng lidn quan din gia vd cdc yeu td cua gid; tdng cudng siic canh tranh eiia doanh ngMpp nhd vd vira; vd tdng cudng sdc canh ttanh eda doanh ngMpp Vipt Nam tten thi trudng qudc te. Nhu vay, theo quy dinh, dieu kipn dl dugc rmen trd bao gdm hai dieu kipn, do Id: phdi ddp ling mgt ttong sdu didu Iden cu thd ludt dinh, vd phdi ha gia thanh, cd lgi cho ngudi tidu dimg.
Quy dinh v l miln trii ttong ehl dinh phdp ludt v l kilm sodt TTHCCT Vipt Nam theo phuong thdc lipt kd ndn cd kit edu khdp kin. U"u dilm eiia lipt ke Id cy thi, rd rdng; nhung nhugc diem cua lipt kd chinh Id cd khd ndng bd sdt nhihig trudng hgp TTHCCT "hg gid thdnh, cd lgi cho ngudi tidu dimg".
Ve tidu cM, "hg gia thdnh, cd lgi cho ngudi tidu dimg" Id cdc tieu cM tich cyc, nhung tich cyc den muc ndo di niia ciing khdng bu lgi dugc tac hai cda mdt TTHCCT cd thd gdy ra. Bdi vi bdn chit cua TTHCCT Id ludn lam ban ehl cgnh tranb ttdn thi trudng, "ha gid thanh, cd lgi cho ngudi tidu dung" cM Id lgi ich ngin hgn; vl lau ddi, kM thi trudng bi hgn chi cgnh tranb tM chinh ngudi tieu diing sd phdi chiu tac bai tii gia dgc quyln. Phdp lugt canh ti-anh cua Lidn minh Chdu Au (EU) v l mien trii cimg d l cao yeu to "cMa sd lgi ich cho i ^ d i tidu dung", nhung dd cM la "dieu kign can". Dd dugc hudng miln trd can phdi kem tiieo "dilu kipn dii", do Id: nhOng dieu khodn ve hgn chi trong thda thugn phdi Id nhiing dilu khodn d n tMlt, khdng thi tMlu dugc de dat dugc nhiMg Mpu qud ti'ch cyc ttdn va thda thudn phdi khdng logi bd cgnh ttanh ttdn thj trudng lien quan [7, tt.48]. Kinh ngMgm cua EU cd the la bdi hge de Vigt Nam tham khdo v l xdc dinh cdc 48
I
^ ^ 1 kipn midn trir ttong qua trinh hodn tMpn phdp lugt.4. Kit lugn
Phdp ludt vl kilm soat TTHCCT cua Vidt Nam chi mdi Mnh thanh vd phdt triln ban 13 nam, nhung da cd dugc nhiing thanh tyu budc dIu trong vipc tgo dyng hdnh lang phdp ly dd gdp phdn bdo vg mdi trudng cgnh tranh edng bdng, Idnh mgnh, bdo vd quyln canh ttanh ty do binh ding, ddm bao quyen va lgi ich hgp phdp cua cac chu thd hogt dpng ttdn thi trudng.
NhOng phan tich ve cac hgn ehl, bat cap se la nhung ca sd dd gdp phln hodn tMgn phdp ludt ve kidm soat TTHCCT Viet Nam trong bdi canh Mpn nay. Vipc hodn thien phdp ludt vd kilm soat TTHCCT se giup cho Viet Nam cd vi the mdi trong lihh vyc nay, dap dng dugc cdc yeu can phap ly khi tham gia hgi nhap quoc td.
Chu thich
^ Gom: Thda thuan In djnh gid hdng h6a, d)ch vy mpt cdeh trgc tilp ho3c gidn tilp; thda thu$n phan chia thi truirag ti6u thg, nguon cung d p hang h6a, cung img djch vg; thda thu^n hgn che ho^c ki^m sodt s5 luong, khoi lupng san xult, mua, ban hang h6a, d|ch vg; thda thugn hgn chi phdt triln ky thu$t, cdng nghp, han che dIu tu; thda thu|n dp d$t cho doanh nghifp khdc di^u kipn ky ket hgp ding mua, ban hang hda, djch vy ho$c buPc doanh nghi$p khdc chip nhan cdc ngbia vy kh6ng lien quan tryc ti^p d^n dli tugng cua h^p ding; thda thuan ngSn edn, khn ham, khdng cho doanh nghipp khdc tham gia thj tmdng ho$c phdt triln kinh doanh; dida thu|n logi bd khoi thj tru&ng nhiing doanh nghipp khong phai la cdc bSn cua thda. thu$n; thdng dong d l mpt ho$c
Nguyen Thi Tram
cac b£n ciia thoa t h u ^ thing thau trong vif c cung d p hdng hda, cung tog dich vy.
' Myc 3, Phan quylt s6 6198510089(01) ciia Tda So thIm Chau Au (Fifth Chamber) ngiy 31/3/1993 vl vy viPc A. AhlslrOm OsakeyhtiO and others v Commission of the European Communities.
T a i l i | u t h a m k h a o
[1] Alan B.Morrison (Chii bien) (2007), NhOng vdn di ca hdn cua ludt phdp Mp, Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia. Ha Npi.
[2] Cyc Quan ly cgnh tranh (2012), Bdo cdo rd sodt cdc quy dinh ciia Lugt Cgnh tranh Vi4t Nam, Cyc Qudn ly c^nh tranh phii b^p vdi Co quan H<rp tic quIc t l Nhsit Ban (JICA) xult bdn, Ha Npi.
[3] Nguyen Van Cuong (2006), Tiiu chi ddnh gid tinh cgnh tranh bat hgp phdp cua mgt so nude vd mgt so binh lugn ve lugt cgnh tranh cua ViftNam, Nxb Tu phap. Ha Npi.
[4] Phi Manh Hing (2010), Gido trinh kinh ti vi md, Nxb Dgi hge Quoc gia Hd NPi, Ha Npi.
[5] N g i ^ HOu Huygn (2004), Lugt Cgnh tranh cua Ph^vdLien minh Chdu Au,'Ni!bTapiiip,likli^
[6] Phong v a n Thanh (2012), "Silc manh thj tnrimg dang k l tit gdc dp ly thuylt kmh t l din quy djnh ciia phap lu$t C^anh tranh", Bdn Tin Cgnh Tranh vd Ngudi Tieu Diing, so 36.
[7] Nguyen Thj TrSm (2015), "Miln ttir doi vdi thda thuan h ^ chi canh tranh vi phgm phap lu§t - so sinh phdp luat canh tranh EU vd Vi$t Nam", Tap chi Nghiin cuu Chdu Au, s6 1.
[8] U Danh VTnh, Hoang XuSn B I C , Nguyen Ng9c Son (2006), P/wip lugt cgnh tranh tgi Vi4t Nam, Nxb Tir phdp. H i Npi.
[9] Organisation For Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), (2005), Hard Core Cartels: Third Report On The Implementation Of The 1998 Recommendation.
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