Nang cao chat lirotig nguon nhan Iuc quan tri trong cac ngan hang thuo'ng mai co von nha nutfc tai Viet Nam
Dao Trong Hieu**' Hoa Hiru Cirong*"'
Tom tat: Trong thai gian qua, chat luang nguon nhan Iuc (NNL) qudn tri trong cdc ngan hang thuang mgi (NHTM) co von nha nude tai Viet Nam ngay cdng ddp ung dupcyeu cdu vd doi hoi ciia thuc tien cUng nhu dinh hudng phdt triin ciia cdc ngan hang. Tuy nhien, di cdc ngan hang nay phdt huy mot cdch co hieu qua vai tro trong phdt trien kinh ti - xa hoi trong boi canh mdi thi chdt luang NNL qudn tri hien nay van ton tgi nhirng hgn chi ve nang Iuc qudn ly. Bdi viet tap trung phdn tich thuc trgng chdt luong NNL qudn tri trong cdc NHTM CO von nha nuac tgi Viet Nam, qua do dua ra nhirng ddnh gid vd mot so giai phdp nham phdt trien NNL qudn tri cho cdc NIfTMndy.
Tir khoa: Nguon nhan Iuc, Chat lugng nguon nhan lire, Nhan lire quan tri, Ngan hang thuong mai co von nha nuac
Abstract: Management personnel competency in state-owned commercial banks in Vietnam has over recent years increasingly met current requirements as well as the development orientation of banks. Nevertheless, management capacity limitations exist in promoting the role of these banks in socio-economic development in the new context The paper focuses on analysing the quality of management manpower in state-owned commercial banks in Vietnam, thereby offering assessments and solutions to develop their managerial human resources.
Keyivord: Human Resource, Quality of Human Resources, Management Personnel, State- owned Commercial Banks
I. Mo" dau tri noi rieng ciia he thong cac NHTM co von Thuc tien cho thay, chit lugng nguon nha nude tai Viet Nam thai gian vira qua da nhan lire ndi chung va nguon nhan lire quan dat nhieu thanh tuu, tuy nhien ben canh do van con ton tai khong it ban che va bat cap, cu the nhu: tinh trang thieu doi ngu quan tri dieu hanh, lanh dao co trinh do chuyen '•'ThS., BpCongan.
'••'TS., Vien Nghien Khoa hoc x3 hoi Viet
Email. [email protected] va ddc lap xir ly cac van de thuc te. Nhung ''TS., Vien Nghien ciiu Chau Au, Vien Han lam , , , , . i - - i . • • * , , , , Khoa hoc xa ho, Viet Nam; mon, kha nang phan tich, am hieu luat phap
12 Thong tin Khoa hoc xa hoi. so 4.2020 han che nay xuat phat tir cdng tac phat trien
nguon nhan lye, dac biet la ngudn nhan Iuc quan tri chua dugc trien khai mot each bai ban. De nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhan lire quan tri trong cac NHTM co von nha nude tai Viet Nam trong thai gian tdi, can tap trung vao phat trien nguon nhan lye quan tri vai cac giai phap dong bg.
2. Khai quat quy trinh nghien cu'u Trong cac doanh nghiep noi chung va ngan hang noi rieng, nguon nhan lye quan tri (hay con ggi la ddi ngii quan tri vien) dugc chia thanh ba cap do, cu the; i) Quan tri vien cap cao (nhan tyc quan trj (NLQT) cap cao), trong thyc te la giam ddc, tong giam ddc, giam ddc dieu hanh, chu tich hoi ddng quan h-i... Day la cap cao nhat trong bang phan cap, nhiing nha quan tri cap cao la ngirdi chiu trach nhiem ve nhung thanh qua cudi ciing. ii) Quan tri vien cap trung (NLQT cap trung) mang chuc danh truong phong, truong ban, giam ddc chi nhanh... iii) Quan tri vien cap ca sd (NLQT cap co sd) thuong la trirdng phong giao djch, to truang, tntdng nhom, doc cdng... (Xem them; NguyenXuan Dien, 2014). Cac cap quan tri khac nhau doi hoi nhung ky nang va kien thuc d timg mire do khac nhau de dap ung yen cau thuc tien.
Theo do, quan tri cap cao doi hoi nhieu ve ky nang tu duy vi day la cap phai dua ra chiSn luge phat trien; quan tri cap trung thuc hien chuc nang chien thuat, do do doi hoi nhilu d nang lye quan ly; quan tri cap eo sd la cdp tiep xuc true tiep vdi nhan vien nen ddi hoi nhieu ve ky nang chuyen mon vi ho thyc hien chuc nang tac nghiep.
Chat lugng ngudn nhan lye quan tri tai cac NHTM co vdn nha nude dugc danh gia thong qua khung nang lye (nang lye tu duy, nang lye quan ly, nang Iuc chuyen mon va nang lyc giao tiep) thyc hien nhiem vu d ba cap do quan ly trong ngan hang. Mdi mot
nang lyc thyc hien d moi cap quan tri se co nhiing doi hoi khac nhau nen sd lugng cac tieu chi do ludng ciing khdng gidng nhau.
De danh gia nang lyc thyc hien nhiem vu ciia NLQT d ba c i p tren, nghien ciiu thyc hien khao sat NLQT trong cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude (tir 50% trd len) tren dia ban thanh phd Ha N g i \
Ket qua phan tich dya tren he sd Cronbach's Alpha^ la xac dinh do phu hgp thang do cac bien, he sd tuong quan bien - tong (cho biet sy tuong quan cua bien quan sat ddi vdi cac bien cdn lai trong bg thang do) ciia chung. Chi giii lai nhiing thanh phan thang do cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha >
0,6. Ket qua phan tich do tin cay cho thay, he sd Cronbach's Alpha rat cao, tir 0,788 den 0,933. Vi vay, tat ca cac cau hoi de danh gia nang lyc thuc hien nhiem vu cua ' Khao sat nam trong khuon kho De tai luan an tien sT Phdl trien nguon nhan lire quan Iri trong cdc ngan hang thuang mai co von nha nuac lai Viet Nam cua nghien cuu sinh Dao Trong Hi6u, tai Hoc vien Khoa hoc xa hoi (2018-2021). Khao sat dugc thye hien tir thang 6-9/2019 d6i voi mot s6 lanh dao ngan hang va cac vj tri quan ly tir c i p phong giao dich, chi nhanh va eac phong ban tai Hoi so chinh, cac chi nhanh va phong giao djch cua 07 NHTM CO v6n nha nuac o thanh ph6 Ha Noi. g6m: Ngan hang Nong nghiep va Phat trign Nong thon Viet Nam (Agribank), Ngan hang TNHH MTV D^u khi toan cau (GP Bank), Ngan hang TNHH MTV Dai Duong (Oceanbank), Ngan hang TNHH MTV Xay dung (CB), Ngan hang TMCP DSu tu va Phat trign Viet Nam (BIDV), Ngan hang TMCP Ngoai thuong Viet Nam (Vietcombank), Ngan hang TMCP Cong thuong Viet Nam (VieEinBank). Tong so phi^u khao sat phat ra la 150 phi6u (15% phi^u khao sat NLQT cap cao, 55% NLQT cSp trung va 30% NLQT edp co scr). T6ng s6 pliilu khao sat thu vg la 90 phiiu, s6 pliieu hgp le c6 t\\k sir dung la 75 phidu. Cac s6 I'ieu va bang biSu trong bai \\kx I5y tir kk qua khao sat thuc te ciia D6 tai.
^ He so Cronbach's Alpha la thong s6 6i kilm tra do tin cay ciia cac bi£n quan sat trong mo hinh nghien cuu gom mot bg dir lieu cua cac khai niem.
Kang cao cnat lugng..
NLQT trong ngan hang theo ba nhom cd the sir dung dugc.
3. Thm: trang chat lirang nguon nhan Iuc quan trj trong cac ngan hang thu'O'ng mai CO von nha nu-6'c
Ket qua khao sat cua chiing tdi cho thay, sd lugng NLQT d cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude tai Viet Nam giai doan 2015-2019 cd sy gia tang dang ke. Ddi vdi NLQT cap cao, 100% ngan hang cd sy gia tang nhimg dudi 20% so vdi tdng sd; ddi vdi NLQT cap trung, 37,3% ngan hang da tang it ban 20% va cd toi 62,7% ngan hang tang tir 20-50% so vdi tdng so; doi vdi NLQT cap co so, 25,3%
ngan hang tang sd lugng nhieu hon 50% so vdi tdng so va 50,7% ngan hang tang tir 20%- 50%. Ve CO cau NLQT theo trinh do chuyen mon, phan Ian NLQT tai cac ngan hang nay deu cd trinh do dai hgc tra len va tap trung nhieu d dai hgc chuyen nganh tai chinh ngan hang; co cau NLQT theo giai tinh cho thay ty le NLQT nii chiem gan 35%, trong do ty le cao nhat la d khu virc quan ly, dieu hanh chung. Ve do tuoi, NLQT cua cac ngan hang cd dp tudi binh quan tir 45-60 tudi. Theo ket qua khao sat, nhimg nguoi dugc hoi deu cho rang, sd lugng va co cau NLQT cua ngan hang minh phii hgp giua ty le gidi tinh, do tudi va trinh do chuyen mon.
Ket qua danh gia ve nang lyc cua NLQT d ba cap do trong cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude theo thang diem tir 1 den 5 (trong do: 1- rat kem, 5- rat tot) nhu sau:
a) Nhan Iuc quiin tri cap cao Vi nang Iuc tu duy: tieu chi co tdm nhin ddi hgn ve suphdt trien cua ngdnh, co quan, don vi (kha nang phan tich tdng hgp) dugc danh gia vdi ty le khdng cao (diem trung binh la 3,20), chi cd 30,7% nguoi dugc hdi nhan dinh NLQT cap cao cua hg cd kha nang nay. Doi voi tieu chi de ra dupe ki hoach thuc hien muc tiiu chien lupc (cd
kha nang tdng hgp va phan tich mdi truong hoat ddng, hieu dugc dac diem dieu kien va kha nang phat trien cua nganh), co 34,7%
nguoi dugc hdi ddng tinh, ty le nay kha thap. Trong mot mdi truong ludn bien ddng thi viec nhan dien ro co hdi, thach thiic va nhirng anh hudng cd the cd cua mdi trudng tac dong den cac hoat ddng ciia ngan hang la het siic quan trgng.
Nang Iuc qudn ly ndi chung cua cac NLQT cap cao dugc danh gia a muc diem trung binh, tu 2,93 d§n 3,37 diem. Trong dd, hai tieu chi tgo lap moi trudng lam viec doan kit, khuyen khich su sang tgo va ra quyet dinh phu hap vd kip thai cd sd diem cao nhat (Ian lugt la 3,19 va 3,37). Miic diem trung binh la 3,37 cho thay viec tao lap mdi trudng lam viec va khuyen khich sy sang tao ciia can bg nhan vien da dugc thyc hien kha tdt theo dung quy dinh cua phap luat va quy che cua cac ngan hang, day cung la mot ky nang quan trgng can cd cua ddi ngii NLQT cap cao. Song de phat huy han niia tinh than lam viec hang say ciia ddi ngii nay cung nhu giu dugc nhung nguoi tai, lanh dao trong cac NHTM co vdn nha nuac can cd nhiing co che dong vien, che do thudng phii hgp vdi nang lyc cua hg. Ben canh dd, xet ve nang lyc quan ly, tieu chi lap ke hogch dao tgo, boi dudng cdn bo phii hap vdi dinh hudng phdt triin ciia ngan hang lai dugc danh gia thap hon ca (diem trung binh la 2,93).
Vi nang Iuc chuyen mon: ddi ngii NLQT cdp cao cd chuyen mon dap ung dugc yeu chu cdng viec (diem danh gia trung binh tir 3,09 ddn 3,53). Trong do, kha nang- hogch dinh chien lupc vd ke hogch phdt triin chuyen mon chuyin ngdnh sdu thupc pham vi phu trach cd sd diem danh gia khdng cao (3,21). Cd thi thay, trong tieu chi ve nang lyc tu duy d tren, nang lyc di ra duac ke
Thong Hn Khoa hoe xa hoi. so 4.2020
S T T
B a n g I . N a n g Iuc t h u c hien n h i
N a n g lu-c can bg q u a n ly
;m vu
D i l m t r u n g b i n h
ciia N L Q T cap cao
I Tyle
hoan toan D o k h o n g Icch d o n g y va c h u a n k h o n g
1 dongy (%) T y i e hoan toan aSng y va d o n g y (%) N a n g lu-c t i r d u y
1
2
Co lam nhin dai han ve sir phiil trien cua tiganh, c a quan, don v i De radupc ke hoach thuc hien muc tliiii chien lircc
3,20
3,16 0,615
0,717 10,7
18.7 30,7
34,7
N a n g Iuc q u a n l y
3
4
5
6 7
Bo tri bg may to chirc phu hgp vai chirc nang, nhiem v u K e hoach dao tao. boi ditong can bo phii hop v o i dinh huong phat trien X a y dung cac quy che quan ly ro rang, hgp ly va duoc sy dong Ihuan ciia can bo
TEIO lap moi Iruong lam viec doan kel, khuyen khich sir sang tao Ra quyet dinh phii hap va k i p Ihiyi
3,12
2,93
3,15
3,37
3.19 0,697
0,502
0,730
0,785
0,748 18,7
16
20
12
20 30,7
9.3
34,7
42.7
38,7 N a n g lu-c chuyen m o n
8
9
10
Hoach dinh chien luac va kc hoach phat Irien chuyen mon Lap ke hoach dao tao, boi dirdng phat trien doi ngii can bo chuyen mon phii hap v o i su phat trien chuyen nganh De ra va [hue hien diing chinh sach khen thuong, ky luat
3,21
3,09
3,53 0,684
0.738
0,977 14.7
22.7
16 36
32
50,7
N a n g Iuc giao tiep. u n g xu-
11
12
13
14
Thiet lap va phat trien cac moi quan he lipp tac v o l cac to chuc quoc le, cac doi tac
N3ng iuc dam phan. thuong Ihuyet Giai quyet. dieu hoa tol cac mau thuan trong don Vj
Co kha nang tiep can va danh gia chinh xac cac (hong tin lien quan de thi trucmg
3,17
2.87
3.44
3,19 0,724
0,502
0,904
0,711 18.7
20
18.7
17.3 36
6,7
53.3
36
hogch thuc hien muc tieu chien luac ciing chi dugc danh gia d muc 3,16 diem. Do dd, ky nang xay dung va ke hoach thyc hien muc tieu dat ra rat can dugc ddi ngii NLQT cua ngan hang chtj trgng va cd bien phap nang cao trong thai gian tdi.
Ve nang Iuc giao tiep, ung xu: Klia
nang giao tiep, ung xir dugc danh gia tren cdn bdc Id nhung han ch^ troiig vie'c lap muc trung binh (3,0 di6m) vdi cac tieu chi trong nhom nay la thiit lap vd phdt triin cdc moi quan he hap tdc vdi cdc to chuc quoc ti, cdc doi tdc va gidi quyit. diiu hoa tot cdc mdu thudn trong dan vi. Nang lyc dam phan, thuong thuyet dugc danh gia d mire thap nhat (diem trung binh la 2,87); chi cd 6,7% ngudi dugc hdi cho rang NLQT cap cao ciia ngan hang hg cd ky nang nay kha tdt. Viec nam bat nhung ky nang dam phan, thuang thuyet va ra quyet dinh se phuc vu rat nhieu cho boat ddng va su phat trien ciia ngan hang.
Day la mot doi hdi cap thiet, can dugc dgl ngii lanh dao ngan hang chii trgng.
Nhu vay, ddi ngii NLQT cap cao trong cac NHTM cd von nha nude ben canh mot sd mat manh can phat huy (nang lyc danh gia can bg va khuyen khich, ddng vien; nang lyc giai quy8t, di6u hoa tot cac mau thuSn trong dcm vi hay nang lyc tao lap moi trudng lam viec doan kk, khuySn khich su sang tao, ddi moi va hgp tac), trong qua trinh lam viec, ddi ngu nay van
Hang cao chat lugng... 15
ke hoach dao tao, bdi duong can bg phu b) Nhan Iuc quan tri cap trung hgp vai dinh hudng ngan hang hay nhfmg Ve nang Iuc qudn ly: cac tieu chi trong ky nang ve dam phan, thuang thuyet va ra nhdm nay dugc danh gia kha ddng d8u va quyet dinh. 6 miic diem tren trung binh. Trong dd, kha nang tao lap dupe Bang 2. Niing lux thuc hien nhiem vu ciia NLQT cap trung
STT N o i d u n g D i e m
t r u n g b i n h
D o Icch chuan
T y l e hoan toan k h o n g dong y va K h o n g d o n g y (%)
T y l e hoan toan d o n g y va d o n g
y ( % ) N i i n g Iuc q u a n l y
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8
B o tri bp may to chiic phu hgp v a i chiic nang, nhi?m v u
Lap ke hoach dao (ao. boi duang can ho phii hgp vcri dinh hircrng phat irien ciia ngan hang
Xay d i m g cac quy che quan l y ro rang, hgp ly va dugc sir dong thuan ciia can bo Tao l|ip dugc moi Irucmg lam viec doan ket, khuyen khich su sang tao, doi m o i va hgp tac
Ra quyet dinh quan ly phii hgp, kip thoi Giam sat, kiem tra viec thuc hien cong viec ihirong xuyen. d i m g quy trinh vii dieu chinh, de xuat dieu chinh ke hoach thuc hien kip thoi
So ket, tong ket va danh gia kel qua thuc hien mot each ro rang, thuyet phuc De ra va thuc hien diing chinh sach khen thircrng, ky luat
3,20
3,20
3,09
3.35 3.27
3.29
3.32 3.25
0,697
0.735
0,841
0,668 0,741
0,632
0.640 0,660
16
18,7
30,7
10,7
17.3
9,3
9.3 12
36
38,7
40
45,3 44
38,7 41.3
37.3 N a n g Iuc chuyen m o n
9 10
11
12
13
Chuyen mon sau ve ITnh vuc phy trach Co kien thiic, hieu biet rong ve nh&ng ITnh v y c chuyen mon khac-co lien quan Hoach dinh dirge chien lirgc va ke hoach phat trien chuyen m o n chuyen ngiinh sau thuoc pham vi phu trach T o chiJc thuc hien ke hoach phat Irien chuyen mon chuyen nganh phii hgp vai djnh hudng chung ciia ngan hang Lap ke hoach dao t^io, boi ducmg phat irien doi ngii can bg chuyen m o n phii hgp vai chuven nganh
3,49 3,23
3,28
3,13
3,16 0,760 0.727
0,627
0,759
0,736 9,3 17,3
9.3
22,7
20 52 40
37,3
36
36
N i i n g lire giao tii-p, l i n g xii' 14
15 16
Co ky nang dam phan, Ihirang ihuyet Giai quyel, dieu hoa tot cac man thuan trong dan v i
Co kha nang tiep can va danh gia chinh xac cac Ihong lin lien quan den (hj trucmg
3.11 3.35
3.33 0.669 0,688 0.844
17.3 12 18,7
28 46,7 46.6
moi truang lam viec doan ket, khiiyin khich su sang tgo, doi mdi vd hap tdc dugc danh gia cao nhat (diem trung binh Ia3,35)vdi45,3%
sd ngirdi dugc hdi tan thanh. Day la ky nang het siic quan trgng va can thiet, vi the cac ngan hang can quan tam hon niia de trang hi ky nang nay cho doi ngii nhan sy quan tri. Tuy nhien, tieu chi xay dung cdc quy che qudn ly ro rang, hap ly vd dupe su ddng thuan cua cdn bp chi nhan dugc miic diem trung binh la 3,09, thdp nhat trong nhdm nang Iuc nay.
Ve nang Iuc chuyen mon:
52% sd nguoi dugc hdi khjing dinh NLQT cap trung cd chuyin mon sdu vi iTnh vuc phu trach
16 Thong Mn Khoa hoc xa hot. sd 4.2020 vdi mire diem trung binh cao nhat nhdm
la 3,49. Ngoai ra, NLQT cap trung con cd kien thuc, hieu biet rgng ve nhung ITnh vyc chuyen mon khac cd Hen quan de thyc hien tdt cdng viec (ngoai ngir, cdng nghe thdng tin, phap luat, kinh te) va cd kha nang van dung vao cong viec thyc tien.
Tieu chi dugc danh gia cao thii hai la kha nang hogch dinh chien lupc vd ke hogch phdt trien chuyen mon chuyin ngdnh sdu thupc pham viphu trdch vdi diem trung binh la 3,28, tuy nhien miic diem nay ci5ng chi tren trung binh. Vi vay, cac ngan hang can phai cd ke hoach nang cao kha nang nay cho NLQT cap trung trong thai gian tdi. Cac NLQT cap trung phai cd kha nang khuyen khich, to chtic cac khda dao tao ndi bg, hudng dan chi tiet va tao dieu kien cho nhan vien co co hdi tham gia thu sue;
phai hinh thanh quy trinh thiic day viec hgc tap lien tuc trong bg phan theo muc tieu ke hoach da de ra, dam bao viec danh gia ket qua cdng viec dugc cdng bang, nhat quan va phu hgp vdi bg phan minh phy trach.
Vi nang Iuc giao tiep, ung xu: ky nang ddm phdn, thuang thuyit vdi cac ddi tac dugc danh gia d mire diem 3,11, thap nhat so vdi cac tieu chi khac trong nhdm nay.
Dieu nay cho thay, trong thai gian tdi cac ngan hang can tap trung nang cao nang lyc nay cho ddi ngu NLQT cap trung vi day la mot ky nang het sire quan trgng trong viec phat trien khach hang va tao ngudn thu cho cac ngan hang. Ben canh dd, NLQT cap trung cua cac ngan hang lai xii ly kha tdt cac mdi quan he trong ndi bg ngan hang, nhu gidi quyit, diiu hoa tot cdc mdu thudn trong don vi vdi diem trung binh la 3,35 va dugc sy ddng tinh cua 46,7% sd ngudi dugc hdi.
Nhin chung, ddi ngu NLQT cap trung trong cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude cd
chuyen mon sau v6 chuyen nganh phu trach; cd kha nang giai quyet, dieu hoa tdt cac mau thuan trong dan vi hay cd kha nang tao lap dugc mdi truong lam viec doan ket, khuy8n khich sy sang tao, ddi mdi va hgp tac. Day la nhirng diem manh cua ddi ngu nay c5n dugc phat huy. Tuy nhien, trudc nhiing ddi hdi va yeu cau mdi hien nay, ddi ngii NLQT cap trung can khac phuc mot sd ban che nhu: chua xac dinh dugc cac quy che quan ly ro rang, hgp ly va dugc su ddng thuan cua can bg; thieu nhiing ky nang dam phan, thuang thuyet va ra quyet dinh; chua chu ddng to chiic thyc hien ke hoach phat trien chuyen mon, chuyen nganh phii hgp vdi dinh hudng chung cua cac ngan hang.
c) Nhan lire qudn tri cdp cffsff Ve nang Iuc qudn ly: NLQT cap ca sd thyc hien nhiem vy giam sat, kiem tra va danh gia ket qua cong viec. Ky nang gidm sdt, kiem tra viec thuc hien cong viec thuang xuyin, dung quy trinh vd diiu chinh, de xudt diiu chinh ke hogch thuc hien kip thai dugc danh gia kha tdt vdi muc diem trung binh la 3,33. Day la didm manh cua ddi ngii nay trong cac ngan hang va can tiip tuc phat huy hem niia.
Ve nang Iuc chuyen mon: 41,3% s6 ngudi dugc hdi danh gia NLQT cap co sd ciia hg cd chuyen mon sau \h chuyen nganh phu trach. Ngoai ra, hg cdn cd kien thuc, hieu biet rgng ve nhiing ITnh vyc chuyen mon khac. Tuy nhien, kha nang td chiic thuc hiin ke hogch phdt triin chuyen mon chuyin ngdnh phii hap vdi dinh hudng chung ciia ngdn hang dugc danh gia vdi miic diem thip nhm nhdm (3,16). NLQT cap CO sd trong cac ngan hang mdi chi tap trung vao nang lyc chuyen mon, chua xac dinh dugc viec lap ke hoach dao tao phat trien nhan sy, trong khi dd cdng vi^c
Rang cao chat lugng..
Bang 3. Nang Iuc thijc hien nhiem vu ciia NLQT cap cffsfl-
STT Noi dung
Oiem trung binh
Do lech chuan
Ty le ho;m toan khong dong y va khong dong
y ( % )
Ty le hoim toan dong y va dong f Nang Iuc quan ly
1
2
Giam sat, kiem tra vi^c thyc hien cong viec thuang xuyen. diing quy trinh va dieu chinh. de xuat dieu chinh ke hoach thyc hien kip Chiii Danh gia kel qua ihyc hien mot each ro rang, thuy el phyc
3,33
3,17 0.723
0,623 10,7
10,7 40
36,6 Nangliic chuyen mon
3
4
5
Co chuyen mon sau ve chuyen nganh phu trach Co kien thiic, hieu biet rgng ve nhirng ITnh vyc chuyen mon khac CO lien quan
Thyc hien ke hoach phai Irien chuyen mon chuyen nganh phii hgp vai dinh huong chung ciia ngan hang
3.35
3,28
3,16 0.688
0,648
0.717 9.3 10,7
18,7 41,3 38,7
34,7 Nang Iuc giao tiep, iing xir
6 Giai quyet tot cac mau thuan trong
dan vi 3,35 0,726 10,7 41,3
nay ciing khdng kem phan quan trgng can phai thyc hien. Dieu nay dat ra yeu cau cap bach cho cac ngan hang ve viec can phai nang cao nang Iuc nay hon niia cho ddi ngu NLQT cap co sd.
Vi quan hi giao tiep vd I'mg xir. ddi ngii NLQT cap ca sd ciing nhu cap cao va cap trung cua NHTM cd vdn nha nude deu thyc hien kha tdt viec giai quyet, dieu hda cac mau thuan trong don vj. Dieu nay giup cho cac can bg nhan vien, cac phong ban, cac chi nhanh ciia ngan hang doan ket va tap trung, hang say hon trong cdng viec.
Cd thi ndi, ddi ngu NLQT cdp ca sd cdn nhieu bat cap, chua xay dyng dugc trong cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude tai Viet mot chien luge, chuong trinh quan trj nhan
lyc giai quyet, dieu hda tdt cac mau thuan trong don vi), hau het ddi ngii NLQT cd chuyen mon sau ve chuyen nganh minh phu trach. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh thuc hien cdng viec, ddi ngii nay van con nhung diem han che, dd la: nang lyc so ket, tdng ket va danh gia ket qua thyc hien chua ro rang, chua cd tinh thuyet phuc;
chua chij ddng td chirc thyc hien ke hoach phat trien chuyen mon chuyen nganh phu hop vdi dinh hudng chung ciia ngan hang.
Tom Igi, ket qua khao sat chat lugng NLQT d ca ba cap trong cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude tai Viet Nam cho thay, mac dii ddi ngii NLQT da cd su chuyen bien Idn ve nang Iuc thyc hien cdng viec nhirng van cdn nhieu diem yeu, dieu nay tac dong khdng nhd den hieu qua thyc hien cdng viec ciia ddi ngu nay trong thoi gian qua.
Nhung han che nay xuat phat tir mot sd nguyen nhan nhu: (i) Cdng tac tuyen dung
Nam hien nay dugc danh gia cd mot sd nang lyc thyc hien cdng viec kha tdt (nhu: giam sat, kiem tra thyc hien thudng xuyen, dung quy trinh va dieu chinh hoac de xuat dieu chinh ke hoach thyc hien kip thai; nang
lyc tdng the, bai ban, nhat quan. Ben canh dd, tieu chuan tuyen dung NLQT d mot vai NHTM van nang ve bang cap, cac tieu chi khac nhu ky nang giao tiep, ky nang nghd nghiep, kha nang sang tao, ky nang
1£ Th^ng Hn Khoa hgc xa hoi. 56 4.2020 lam viec tap the... chua dugc de cap cu
the; (ii) Mot sd ngan hang chua xay dyng dugc chien luge ve quan tri NNL, cdng tac nay cdn cd khoang each so vdi thdng le tdt nhat. Viec quy hoach ciing chua dua ra dugc ke hoach tdng the/ma tran ve cac vi tri can xay dyng doi ngu ke can, chua xac dinh dugc quy md, sd lugng cac ddi tugng can quy hoach phii hgp vdi timg vi tri, dcm vi va cua he thdng nham dam bao hieu qua, muc tieu tdng the (Xem: Nguyen Hoang Linh, Nguyen Diic Tuan, 2018); (iii) Mot sd ngan hang hien nay chua xay dung dugc quy dinh danh gia can bg toan dien, do vay, cac phuong thirc danh gia chua dugc lien ket va ap dung chat che, ket qua danh gia chua dugc luu trii, quan ly mot each he thdng, khoa hgc, each danh gia mang tinh chii quan, cam tinh; (iv) Chinh sach dao tao NLQT d nhieu ngan hang chua the hien dugc mdi lien he giiia cac hoat ddng dao tao va hoat dong phat trien ngudn nhan lyc, van ban che do thieu tinh he thong, tinh gan ket, cac hoat dong dao tao chua dugc gan ket vdi nhau thanh mot chudi cd ke hoach nham dao tao va phat tri6n mot ca nhan theo mot Id trinh cu the; (v) Co ch8 tao ddng lyc cho ddi ngii NLQT tai mot sd ngan hang thuc hien chua hieu qua khiin cac dcm vi, ca nhan chua thyc sy hang say, phat huy het kha nang de tao nang suSt, chit lugng, hieu qua cao nhat, cac chinh sach ki'ch thich vat chat, tinh than thilu ddng bg, cdn hinh thiic, chua gan vdi quyen Igi thiet thuc cua ngudi lao ddng.
4. Mot sd giai phap nang cao chat lugng nguon nhan lyc quan tri trong cac ngan hang thuong mai co von nha nuoc
Thd nhdt, can cai tien quy trinh tuyen dung va tao dieu kien lam viec theo hudng linh boat, nhat la ddi vdi boat ddng tuySn dung theo vi tri chiic danh, nhan su cap cao;
can tap trung vao xay dyng nhirng nhdm phan ling nhanh dd cd thd hudng dan ngudi tham gia ty tu duy, cho phep mgi ngudi lam viec theo nhdm nhd va nhi^u nhom.
Thii- hai, can xay dimg mot chien luge/
chuong trinh quan tri nhan lyc tdng the, bai ban, nhat quan. Ban chien lugc/chuong trinh va cac ke hoach phat trien ngudn nhan lyc can bam sat ke hoach kinh doanh: dich chuyen ca cau nhan sy dam bao can ddi, hieu qua giua cac nhdm. Dam bao sy gan ket giiia hoat ddng dao tao can bg vdi cac quy trinh nhan sy khac; da dang hda hinh thirc dao tao nham dam bao tinh linh boat, hieu qua ddi vdi cac don vi, can bg (Xem:
Ly Hoang Anh, 2013).
Thii ba, hien dai hda cdng tac danh gia can bg, xay dung cac quy trinh quan trj bao gdm: He thdng Quan ly va Danh gia Hieu qua lam viec (KPI/ Balance Score Card), He thdng luong thudng gan vdi hieu qua lam viec ca nhan, cdng bang ngi bg va canh tranh so vdi ben ngoai, tao co sd viing chac de dap img cac muc tieu kinh doanh va muc tieu chien luge (Pham Hoai hie, 2014).
Day manh hoat ddng truyin thdng, dao tao, ho trg cac hoat ddng nham cung cd va tham nhuan van hda doanh nghiep trong suy nghi va hanh ddng cua mdi can bg.
Thu lu, cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude can phdi hgp vdi Ngan hang Nha nude, Hiep hdi Ngan hang thyc hien xay dimg cac tieu chudn nghe nghiep ngan hang irng vdi cac chuc danh quan ly, can bg chuyen mon. Trien khai thyc hien quy hoach phat trien nhan Iuc trong ngi bg he thdng. Trien khai manh me viec danh gia, kilm tra nang lyc can bg theo chuan khung nang lyc va ket qua khao thi nhu mot co sd dk xem xet quy hoach, bd nhiem, bd nhiem lai can bg.
Thu nam, can hoan thien co ch§ tao ddng lyc cho can bg gan vdi danh gia hieu
Kang cao chat lugng... 19 qua cdng viec, cdng tac quy hoach, bd
nhiem... nham khuyen khich can bg khdng ngimg nd lyc, nang cao chat lugng, hieu qua cdng viec. Cdng tac dao tao can dugc day manh gan vdi khuyen khich sang tao, nghien ciiu khoa hgc, de ra cac sang kien, giai phap de ap dung vao thuc tien, mang lai ket qua cao cho boat dong kinh doanh, nhd dd cai thien thu nhap cua nhan vien, che do dai ngd ludn dugc quan tam hudng tdi nang cao chat lugng ddi song tinh than, sy se chia, Ian tda cac gia tri truyen thdng, van hda, thuong hieu.
5. Kk luan
Ngudn nhan lyc ndi chung va ngudn NLQT ndi rieng la chia khda de md canh cua thanh cdng cho cac ngan hang trong tien trinh hdi nhap. Nhan thiic dugc van de nay, cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude da quan tam va phat trien ngudn nhan lyc quan tri dap ung nhu cau ddi hdi ngay cang cao cua minh.
Mac dii da cd nhirng cai thien rd ret, nhung de dap img nhung ddi hdi ngay cang cao cua xa hdi, chat lugng ngudn nhan lyc quan tri
ciia cac ngan hang van con ton tai nhiing han che va thieu sdt. De khac phuc nhiing han che, thieu sdt va nang cao chat lugng ngudn nhan lyc quan tri, cac NHTM cd vdn nha nude tai Viet Nam can thirc hien ddng bd cac nhdm giai phap nhu da de xuat d tren a Tai lieu tham khao
1. Ly Hoang Anh (2013), "Giai phap phat trien ngudn nhan Iuc cap cao nganh ngan hang", Tgp chi Ngdn hdng, sd 8, tr. 12-15.
2. Pham Hoai Bac (2014), "Ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao trong qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda nganh ngan hang Viet Nam", Tap chi Ngdn hdng, sd 9, tr. 24-26.
3. Nguyen Xuan Dien (2014), Giao trinh Qudn tri hoc, Khoa Quan tri kinh doanh, Nxb. Tai chinh, Ha Ndi.
4. Nguyen Hoang Linh, Nguyen Due Tuan (2018), "Ngudn nhan lire trong boat ddng ngan hang va mot sd khuyen nghi", Tgp chi Ngdn hdng, so 23.
