y kiln trao a6i si 37 nim 2012
XAY DV>JG QUY T R I N H REN LUYf N KI NANG KHAI T H A C Tir LI$U Dy\Y HQC TRfiN INTERNET
CHO SINH VlfeN sir PHAM H 6 A HQC
THAI HOAl MINH'
T6M TAT
Ngudn tu Uiu day hgc trin internet dang din trd Ihdnh tdi Uiu tham khdg khdng thi thiiu di gido vien thiil ki vd Ihuc hiin cdc ngi dung dgy hgc Bdi bdg trinh bdy quy trinh ren luyin kindng khai thdc lu Uiu dgy hgc trin internet chg sinh viin suphgm hda hgc.
Kit qud thuc nghiim suphgm cho thiy quy trinh cd linh khd thi vd dem lgi hiiu qud dii vdi sinh vien suphgm hda hgc trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm Thdnh phg Hd Chi Minh.
Tit khda: tu lifu dgy hpc, intemet, sinh vign suphgm, hda hpc.
ABSTRACT
Building process lo enhance Ihe skills lg exploit online resgurces for pedagogical chemistry undergraduates
Online resources are becoming an essential source of references for teachers to design lesson plans This article discusses the process to enhance the skills of seeking, evaluating amd adjusting teaching resources on internet for pedagogical chemistry undergraduates during the course "Applying ICT in teaching chemistry In high schools " in HCM Univesity of Education. Pedagogical experiment results prove the effectiveness and feasibility of this process.
Keywords: online resources, intemet, pre-service teacher, chemistry.
1. Md dau
Ngay nay, cdng nghf thdng tin l i mft ttong nhttng cdng cy ho ttp die lyc nhat ttong dgy hpc. Trong dd, vifc su dyng nhttng tu lifu dgy hpc ttt intemet khdng chi gdp phan lim phong phu thgm npi dung dgy hpc mi cdn cd tic dyng gay himg thii vi phit huy tinh tich eye cho hpc sinh. Tuy nhign vdi lupng thdng tin do sf nhu hifn nay, nlu khdng cd mpt djnh hudng rd ring vl myc tigu tim kiim cung nhu nim vihig cic k! ning co bin khai thic thdng tin tten intemet, giio vign rit de bj "lgc" ttong qui ttinh tim kiim.
Sinh vign hda hpc tgi Trudng Dgi hpc Su phgm TPHCM d i dupc ttang bj mpt sd kl ning tim kiim v i tra ciru thdng tin tren intemet qua hpc phin "Tin hpc dgi cucmg" d nim thu nhit. Tuy nhign, cdc bii tgp thyc hinh thudng mang tinh khii quit, it lign quan din npi dung day hpc hda hpc d phd thdng. Bgn canh dd vifc hifu chinh cic tu lifu hda hpc sao cho phu hpp vdi myc dich giang dgy bp mdn chua dupc de cfp trong hpc phan niy. Vi vfy, vifc xiy dyng quy ttinh hudng din sinh vign su phgm hda hpc ren luyfn kl ning khai thic v i su dyng tu lifu hda hpc ttgn intemet l i dilu rit cin thiet.
ThS, Tnrdng Ogi hpc Su phgm TPHCM
150
Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Thii Hoii Minh
1. Quy trinh r i n luyfn kl n i n g khai p h i n "LTng dyng cdng nghg thdng tin thic tu lifu dgy hpc h d a hpc trgn trong day hpc hda hpc d trudng p h i Internet thdng" vdi ddi tupng l i sinh vign su Chiing tdi da dua quy trinh rgn phgm hda hpc n i m thu ba. Quy ttinh luyfn kT ning khai t h i c t u lifu hda hpc dupc d l xuit g I m b i n budc nhu sau:
tren intemet v i o npi dung dgy hpc hpc [I] Hirong dan ti thuyet \.-i
thirc lianh CO liinVng diiii
| l l | \ ' i i i l d i i i i i l
-Sana t.io l i i n l u l i c n IIIII
| I V j Danhgia- Riit Isinli ngliiom
Hinh I. Ouy Irinh icn luyen ki mini: khai ihdc lu- lieu IKHI hgc Ircn Inlemel cho .smh vien
2.1. Hu&ng ddn li thuyet vd thirc hdnh co hir&ng ddn
De kiiai ttiac hiC'u qua tu lieu da_\' hoc h(S;i hoc trcn inlemet co liieu qua, chiing toi daliuang dcin sinh \ien ren IUNCEI bon nhom ki nang chinh:
1
Tim kiem danh gia tir lieu
KH.'MTHACTU'MHU DAY HOC llOAHOCTRtN IMLRNET
1 1
Chuven tai tir lieu
1
Lull trir tir lieu
^ -.1
Liru tru trirc tii\en Tao thir vien
trong may
Hieu cliinh
1
tu lieu
Hieu chinh anh Hieu chinh
phim
Hinh 2. Cdc nhom kindng khai thdc tu lieu hoa hoc iren internet ll.l. Nhom kindng I: Tim kiim vd ddnh gid tu lieu tren internet
Be lim Icidm dugc lu lieu mot each nhanh chong va hieu qua. sinh vien dugc
J ^ g dan thuc hien quy trinh gom bon buac sau: ^ ^ ^ (II) Lira chpn
cong cu tim kiem
(III) Dien dat lenh tim kiem
(IV) Danh gia tu lieu
Hinh 3. Quy trinh tim kiim vd ddnh gid tu lieu hoa hgc tren internet
Y kien trao doi So 37 nam 2012
Bu&c I. Phdn tich yiu ciu tim kiim Can phan tich ygu ciu tim kiim de lim rd myc tigu tim kiim. Dl thyc hifn budc niy cin dft nhttng ciu hdi dl lim rd thdng tin tim kiim cua minh. Ttt do phin chia ygu cau thinh nhttng khii nifm nhd. Vi dy muon tim kiim tu lifu dgy hpc cho bii Luu huynh (SGK Hda hpc Idp 10), cin dft nhttng ciu hdi cy the ban nhu: Tdi muon tim hinh inh gi vl Itm huynh? Tdi muln tim tu lifu gi ve tinh chat vgi Ii cua luu huynh? (Cau true phin ttt SH, cau true cua Itm huynh ta phuang vi don ti, dogn phim diln t i sy bien ddi trgng thdi cua luu huynh theo nhift dp...). Ttt do cd thg bign yeu ciu tim kigm thinh cac ndi dung nhd hon nhu:
Luu huynh ciu true Sg Luu huynh nhift dp bign ddi Bu&c 2. Lua chpn cdng cu tim kiem
Cd rat nhilu cdng cy tim kigm khic nhau, mdi cdng cy diu cd nhimg dilm manh vi digm ygu rigng. Cd thg kg din mpt sd cic cdng cy phd bign sau diy:
Mdy lim kiim (Search engines):
Diy li phin mim tryc tuyln nhim tim ra cic trang web trgn mgng dya vao sy so sinh ttt khda tim kiim vdi cic ttt hiln thj trgn nfi dung trang web. Mft so miy tim kiim thdng dyng nhu Google, Altavisla, Yahoo,... Miy tim kiim cd dilm mgnh li tim kiim tu lifu hifu qui khi di cd thdng tin cy thi nhu tgn tii lifu, tgn tic gid, tgn cic chu de... Tuy nhign, cdng cy niy khdng cho phgp cd cii nhin tdng quit vl mpt chu dl.
Mdy tim kiim liin thdng (Meta- search engines): Cic miy tim kiim lign thdng cd thi cung luc lign kit vdi nhilu
miy tim kiim khic v i cd the dua ra khoing 10% kit qui tim kiim d mdi miy tim kiim. Miy tim kiim lien thdng dupc su dyng hifu qui khi chi cd ttt khda la mft ttt hofc mpt cym td. Tuy nhign, can su dyng thgm chuc ning tim kiem ning cao dl cd thg tim kiim tu lifu cd chit lupng vi phu hpp vdi myc tigu tim kilra.
Mpt s i miy tim kiim lign thdng phd bign nhu Metacrawler, Ixquick...
Cdng thdng tin (gateway) hodc danh muc theo chu di (subject directory):
Cdng cy niy cung cip cic thdng tin dupc sip xgp theo cic chu dg rigng bift cd phan chia thd bic. Tu lifu trong cic cdng thdng tin thudng da dupc thim djnh vi phin logi. Digm mgnh cua cdng thdng tin hoic danh myc theo chu de li cho phep ngudi su dyng cd cai nhin tdng quit vl mpt chu de.
Trang web ddc tnmg di tim kiim phim, hinh dnh. Cd thg su dyng cdng cy tim kigm trong ttang web luu trtt phim phd bign nhu youtube.com. Digm mgnh cua cdng cy niy li sd lupng tu lifu phong phu va cgp nhgt. Tuy nhign, cin lya chpn cic tu lifu cd chat lupng phin giii tit vi npi dung phu hpp vdi myc dich dgy hpc.
77m thdng tin trong cdc website hodc cdc diin ddn chiia nhiiu tu Uiu hda hgc: Cd rit nhilu website chua nhilu tu lifu sd httu ich cho qud ttinh dgy hpc d phd thdng. Thudng trong cac ttang niy diu cd cdng cy tim kiim rieng. Tuy nhien, cic thdng tin ttong diin din chua dupc thim djnh nen cin kiim tra vi thim djnh cin trpng trudc khi su dyng.
152
Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Thii Hoii Minh
Buic 3. Diin dpi Ifnh tim kiim Sau khi di lya chpn cdng cy tim kllm phii hop, thyc hifn budc phin tich yeu ciu tim kiim cin nhap cac ttt khda thu dupc. Cin kgt hpp thgm cic dau dfc tnmg, cic ham die trung, cic ttt khda rieng dupc quy udc bdi cdng cy tim kiem.
Co the dign dat ttt khda dudi nhieu ngon ngtt khic nhau dg md rpng pham vi lim kiim. Mdt sd cdng cy tim kiem cung cip cong cy dl djch trang tim thiy sang ng6n ngtt ma ngudi dung dang su dung (thudng thi chi cd dich dupc ra Anh, Phap, Ddc hay Tiy Ban Nha). Cdng cy nay giup ngudi stt dyng ban chg bdt inh huong cua rio cin ngdn ngtt, ttt dd md rpng phgm vi tim kigm thdng tin.
Budc 4. Dinh gii lu lieu
De ddnh gii tu lieu, cin xem xet mot so thdng sd nhu logi tgn mign, ngudn xuat ban, tinh cfp nhgt cua thdng tin, Ihong tin ve tic gia va ngudn trich dan ro rang. Ddi vdi tu lieu li inh hoac phim, can xet din chit lupng hinh inh (dp phin giai ciia inh, kich thudc phim) cua tu lieu ie khi trinh chilu trong bii giang khdng CO hien tupng hinh bj bl, md hofc biln liang, ttt dd inh hudng khdng tdt din bai hgc.
2.1.2. Nhdm kindng 2: Chuyin tdi tu lieu fen internet
Dl chuyin tii tu lifu hifu qui, chung toi gidi thifu vi hudng din sinh vien su dyng mdt sd cdng cu hd trp
*uyen tdi nhu IDM (Intemet download Manger), FlashGet, Teleport,... Ngoai ra
*iing toi cdn hudng din sinh vign stt tlwig cic ttang web hd trp download trgn
intemet nhu ClipNabber, Saveyoutube.com...
2.1.3. Nhdm kindng 3: Luu trir tu lieu Trong nhdm kt ning nay chung tdi hudng din sinh vign cich luu tru thdng tin tai miy tinh ci nhin vi luu trtt thdng tin trgn internet. Dl luu trtt thdng tin ci nhan hifu qua, cin lip danh muc tu lifu.
Trong danh muc tu lieu cd cac thdng tin nhu tgn tu lieu, dia chi luu trtt, ten tip tin (thu myc), ngudn tra cuu...
Vdi sy phdt trien vi phd biln cua mgng internet cd thi lya chpn mot si dja chi ding tin cay dl luu tru va chia se thdng tin tryc tuyln. Cd the lya chpn mft sd nhi cung cip nhu Mediafire, Megaupload, Droptiox, Scribd, Googledocs... Dung lupng cung cap cho mdi ngudi dimg dupc quy dinh khic nhau, tuy theo nha cung cap. Tuy theo kigu tu lifu can luu trtt vi chia sg, ngudi dimg cd the lya chpn cdc nha cung cap phu hpp. Vi du Google docs thich hpp cho viec luu tru van bin, bai trinh chilu hoac bing tinh, Mediafire hoac Megaupload thich hop cho viec luu trtt nhung tu lieu cd dung luang ldn, dropbox thich hpp dl ddng bo bda tai lieu luu trtt cd nhin vi tren intemet. Ngoii ra cd thi stt dyng cic cdng cu dinh dau trang web tryc tuyln nhu Delicious, Diigo... dl ghi lai dia chi nhttng ngudn tu lifu quan trpng. Vdi kT nang niy, sinh vign cd thi tmy cap lai nhttng dja chi cd chua tu lifu d bit ki dja dilm nio cd may tinh ndi mang intemet.
2.1.4. Nhdm kindng 4: Hiiu chinh tu Uiu Chung tdi budng din sinh vien cich hifu chinh, bien tap hinh inh vi phim sao
y ki^n trao (J6l S6 37 nim 2012
cho phu hpp vdi npi dung dgy hpc. Tigu chi phan mim chung tdi lya chpn dl hudng din sinh vign li cd sin, don gidn, dl stt dyng.
KI ning hifu chinh hinh inh bao gom cic kT ning: cit hinh, chgn ghi chd.
Cd thi stt dyng phin mim Paint cd tich hpp sin trong hf dilu hinh Windows dl thyc hifn cic ki ning niy.
KT ning hifu chinh phim bao gom;
thilt lgp dogn phim mdi ttt nhilu hinh inh, chgn ghi chd, im thanh, ling tiing vio phim, dilu chinh dp dii hofc cit phim... Cd dil stt dyng phin mim Windows Movie Maker (dupc tich hpp ttong Windows XP) hoic Windows Live Movie Maker (dung cho Windows 7 hofc Windows Vista) dl thyc hifn cic ki ning niy. Ngoii ra cd thi su dyng phin mem Proshow Gold dl cd nhilu hifu img chuygn nghifp hon.
2.2. V^n dpng sang tpo
Sau khi gidi thifu phin mem cho sinh vien vi hudng din sinh vien cich su dyng phan mim thdng qua nhthig bii tfp nhd, chiing tdi giao dy in cho sinh vign.
Npi dung dy in gdm hai cdng vifc cy thi:
Tim kiim, chuyin tii vi Ifp danh myc tu lifu cho mpt bii hpc cy thi ttong chucmg trinh hda hpc pho thdng;
Thigt kl mpt dogn phim cd df dii 1 phut de gidi thifu hofc tong kit bii hpc ttt nhihig tu lifu vtta chuyen tii dupc;
Thdi gian thyc hifn dy in li mft tuin. Kit qui dinh gia dy in li mft trong nhttng dilm thinh phin cua hpc phan.
2.3. Trinh diin, Mnh gii vd rii kinh nghidm
Sau mft tuin thyc hifn dy in, chung tdi t l chdc cho sinh vien bdo cao sdn phim. Giing vign vi cic sinh vign khic sg ddnh gii, gdp y vi nhgn xgt. Vifc dinh gii dya tren cic tieu chi sau:
Hf thing tu lifu phong phu, cd chit lupng, ding tin cgy, phu hpp vdi nfi dung bii hpc;
Dogn phim dim bio thdi gian;
Dogn phim dim bio vl chat lupng hinh inh;
Dogn phim dim bao vl tinh chinh xic khoa hpc, phu hpp vdi chuong trinh hda hpc trung hpc pho thdng;
Dogn phim cd tinh irng dyng cao, cd thi vfn dyng ttong dgy hpc d ttudng phd thdng.
3. Kit q u i thyrc nghifm, thio lu|n Chung tdi di tiln hinh quy ttuih ttgn dl rgn luyfn ki ning khai thic vi su dyng tu lifu tryc tuyln ttong dgy hpc Hda hpc d trudng phd thdng cho hai nhdm sinh vign K34. Sau khi dinh gii sin phim, chung toi cung tiln hinh khio sit dl dinh gii thii dp cua sinh vign ve npi dung niy cua hpc phin.
Qua thing kg kit qui tu philu dilu tta, tten 90% sinh vien deu cho ring kl ning niy rit cin thilt cho nghi nghifp.
Vl phucmg phip dgy hpc, tten 95% sinh vign hii ldng vl phuong phip mi gidng vien di tiln hinh. 100% sinh vign cho ring thdi gian dl thyc hifn dy an la hpp li vi thdng qua dy an cd the ty rdn luyfn cic kl ning d i dupe thyc hinh tgi ldp.
Sau mpt tuin thyc hifn dy dn do giio vign dl xuit, 100% sinh vien diu
154
T?p chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Thdi Hoii Minh
hoan thinh dy in. Cic dogn phim do sinh viln thyc hifn dgu dim bio vg mft thdi gian va nfi dung, cd chit lupng tot vi tinh ijmg dyng cao. Mdt s i dogn phim da dope cic sinh vien tilp tyc su dyng cho vifc thilt kl bii giing difn ttt trong cdc dgt kiln tap, thyc tip vi cic cufc thi thilt y bdi giing cd ttng dyng cdng nghf th6ng tfn cip khoa va cip ttordng.
Thdng qua qui ttinh thyc nghifm su ph?m, chiing tdi cung nhan thiy dl thyc hifn dupc quy ttinh ttgn cin dim bao mpt si dilu kifn cin thigt vg co sd vjt chit nhu: phdng miy cd kit ndi mang internet, cic miy tinh dupc cii mft sd phin mgm hd ttp nhu ttinh duyft, flash player, chuang ttinh hd ttp tii tii lifu...
Ngoai ra, do sinh vign da cd kien thuc tin hQC dai cuong, cin lya chpn vi xay dyng hf thdng bai tip thyc hinh phu hpp bp mon va bii tip van dyng dgng md dg kich
thich tinh tich eye vi sing tao ciia sinh vien.
4. Kit lufn
Vdi khii lupng thdng tfn dl so trgn intemet, sinh vign rit khd tfm dupc nhttng ngudn tu lifu hda hpc phu hpp vdi myc dich day hpc mpt each cd hifu qua nlu khdng dupc ttang hi he thing kT nang tim kiim, chuyin tii, luu tttt vi hieu chinh tu lifu. Kit qui thyc nghifm cho thiy ring phin ldn sinh vign deu •j thttc dupc tam quan trpng cda viec ren luyen kl ning khai thic thdng tin ttgn intemet.
Ket qui thyc nghiem cung cho thiy quy ttinh dg xuat cd tinh khi thi va budc dau mang lai hieu qui trong vifc rgn luyfn kT ning khai thic vi vfn dung ngudn tii nguygn tryc tuyen dg thiet kg bii day cho sinh vign Su pham hda hpc ttong dieu kign CO sd vat chit hign tgi.
TAI L i f u THAM KHAO
1. Vii Thj Nha (2008), Khai thic thong tin tren internet, Trung tim Thong tfn Phat ttien Viet Nam.
2. Steketee, C. (2005), "Integratmg ICT as an integral teaching and leaming tool into pre-service teacher training courses". Issues In Educational Research, 15(1), pp.
\Q\-\\'i. http://www.iier.org.au/iierI5/steketee.html
3. Teo, T. (2008), "Pre-service teachers' attitudes towards computer use: A Singapore survey" Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24(4), pp. 413-424.
http://www. ascilite. org. au/ajet/aj'et24/teo. html
(NsSy Tda sogn nh^n dugc bdi: 29-12-2011: ngiy chip nhin dSng: 19-6-2012)