ggggg KHOA HOC - CClNG NGHg
THirC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP CHONG AN MON VAT UEO BE' T O N G , BE TONG COT THEP COA CONG
TRINH HA TANG GIAO THONG KHO VlTC VEN BIEN
TS. N G U Y I N VI $ T P H J O N G , PGS.TS. HOANGTON^
Khoa Clu di/dng, Dai hoc Xdy dung TS. N G U Y £ N C X N N G O N Khoa Xdy dyng, Dal hpc Vinh
Tdm tit: Bdi bdo trinh bay vi thi/c trgng vd gidl phdp chong dn mdn v$t ii$u be tdng, bd tdng cit thdp cOa cdng trinh /jg ting giao thdng khu vt/c ven biin. Do v$y tmng bdi bdo ndy chOng tdi lin Iwgi trinh bdy:
ph$m vl vd mwo dd tac ddng cua biin, khi hdu ven biin tdi qud trinh dn mdn v$t li$u bd tdng, dd tdng d f thdp; thirc tr^ng dn mdn cua cdc cdng trinh; phdn tich nguydn nhdn vd ca chi qud trinh dn mdn; nghidn ciru di xuit cdch khdi qudt gidi phdp chong dn mdn.
Tie khda: dn mdn, v$t li$u be tdng, bd tdng cot thdp, khi h$u biin nhi^t ddi, cdng trinh hg ting giao thdng Abstract: This article presents the corrosion status of concrete, reinforced concrete that used in transport infrastructure at coastal areas. Therefore, in this article, we will present: impact of the seawater, coastal climate to the corrosion of concrete, reinforced concrete and areas affected; corrosion status of transport infrastructure worics; analysis of causes and corrosion processes mechanisms: study and propose general solutions against corrosion.
Keywords: corrosion, concrete, reinforced concrete, topical marine climate, Uansport infrastructure works
1. DAT VANDE
D l i vdi cdc quic gia cd nhilu biln, d$c bi$t nhu ViOt Nam cd hinh dgng chu S vdi 3.444 km bd biln, thi hiu hit cdc edng trinh hg ting giao thdng huylt mgch diu ehgy d vung gin biln vd chju anh hudng Idn din td khi hgu bien.
Oo vai trd rit quan trpng cua h$
thing hg ting giao thdng den qud trinh phdt triln kinh t l , cho nen viOc nghien cuu anh hudng, mde dO, phgm vi anh hudng dn mdn vgt li§u cua khi h$u ven biln tdi cac cdng trinh hg ting giao thdng Id rit thilt thyc; dya vdo cae nghidn cdu cy t h i d l tu dd de ra edc biln phdp bdo v | ching an mdn nhim nang cao tuii thp cho edc cdng trinh.
2. THOC TRANG J&N MON Theo tinh chit xam thyc vd mdc dp tdc dOng ldn kit clu bd
tdng & BTCT cd t h i phan moi tnj'dng biln Vigt Nam thdnh 4 vDng cd ranh gidi kha ro sau ddy (Hlnh1).
Hinh 1. Phdn vimg mdi trwdng biin Vi$t Nam [1]
S6 6 ndm 20151
KHOAHQC-CONG NGHE ####i
1) ViJng hodn todn nggp trong nudc biln; 2) Vijng nudc len xuing (bao gom ca phln sdng ddnh); 3) Vung khi quyen trdn vd ven biln, gim eac tilu vung: sat mep nudc 0-0,25 km; 0,25-1 km ven bd; 1-20 km g i n bd. 4) Vung dit nude nglm bd biln: cdch mep nudc tu 0-0,25 km.
Theo cdch phan iogi mdi trudng xam thye de c$p trong TCVN 3994: 1985 [5] ngudi ta phdn logi mue dO tac dOng eua mdi trudng bien d i n kit clu be tdng & BTCT nhu trong bang 1.
Vdi phan logi nhu tren cd t h i ndi cdc tinh vd thdnh pho gan biln nam trong mdi trudng chju tdc dOng mgnh cua xdm thyc khi h|iu biln. Theo thing ke tht nudc ta cd 28 tinh, thdnh pho tilp xOc tryc tilp vdi biln vd nim trong vCing khi quyen ven bd vd gin bd vdi tong dign tich 208.560km2 chilm 41% dl|n tich cd nudc. Do vgy, nhilu hd thing giao thdng quan trgng ciia chCing ta nim trong vung dnh hudng cOa khi quyin biln ven bd nhu: Quic 10 IA 2260 km; Dudng cao tic Blc - Nam nli tu Hd Npi tdi Cin Tha cd tong ehilu ddi 1.811 km; Dudng ven biln Vigt Nam ddi khodng 3.041 km; Tuyin dudng sit td Hd
NOi -TP. H i Chi Minh: 1726 km...
Cf Vigt Nam, be tdng d t thep da dupe ngudi Phap dua vdo su dyng ngay td nhung nam cuoi eua the ky 19. Tuy nhien phai sau nam 1960, khoi lup'ng edng trinh BTCT xay dyng trong mdi trudng biln mdi tang len dang ke. Hien tai chua cd mdt thong ke cy the vd chi tilt eac cdng trinh theo thdi gian dua vao su dyng va mdc dp an mon, tuy nhien thyc trgng eua cdc cdng trinh be tdng d t thep su dyng tren biln, trong vung ven biln cd t h i ddnh gia tuang doi nhu sau:
+ Trong mdi tnj-dng khdng cd tinh xdm thyc, kit d u BTCT cd the lam vigc bin vung tren 100 nam.
+ Trong mdi trudng xam thyc vung biln, hign tup'ng an mdn d t thep va bd tdng dan din lam ndt va vd phd huy kit clu be tdng va BTCT CO t h i xuat hien sau 10, 30 nam su dyng. DO ben thyc te eua kit cau BTCT phu thuoc vao mdc dp xam thyc cua mdi trudng vd chit lup'ng vgt lieu su dyng (cudng dp be tdng, mac ching tham, kha ndng ching an mdn, chCing iogi xi mdng, phy gia, logi d t thep, ehit lup'ng thilt k l , thi cdng va bign phap quan Iy, su dyng cdng trinh...)
Sdng 1. Dg xdm thi/c ciJa mdi trwdng biin doi vdi kit cau be tdng va BTCT[1]
TT
1 2 3 4 5
Moi trudng
Vung nggp n u d e bien Vung nudc ISn x u i n g vd sdng ddnh VCing khi q u y i n trdn b i l n ( 0-0,25Km) Viing khi q u y i n ven b d ( 0,25-1 Km) Viing khi q u y i n g i n b d ( 1 - 2 0 km )
Mdc do tac dong an mon cua moi trudng doi vdl k i t cau Be tong
Mgnh MgAh Trung binh
Nhg
Be tong cot thep Manh Rat manh
Mgnh Manh Tmng binh
Hinh 2: An mdn cgc d vOng nwac ten xuong va sdng ddnh [3]
b)
Hinh 3: a) An mdn dam vung khi quyen tren biin b) Nhung ho dn
mdn trdn bi mat [3]
Ben canh cdc cdng trinh bin vung sau 40.50 ndm, nhieu cdng
I c A c n&m -jniK
mm ka
# # # # # KHOA HOC - C G N G NGHi trinh BTCT d Viet Nam sau khi sd dyng 10.15 nam da bj an mdn vd pha huy trim trpng, ddi hoi phai chi phi khoang 40.70% gid thdnh xdy mdi cho vigc sua chua bao vg chung.
3. NGUYEN NHAN VA CO CHE AN MON
Ben cgnh nguyen nhan chinh do ban chit xdm thyc cua nude biln, eua vung khi quyin tren biln, gan bd, ehiing ta phai k l nhdm nguyen nhan din tu vj tri dja 1^ vd khi hgu nhu: dO Im, thdi gian I m udt, t i c dO gid, nhigt dp khdng khi v.v
3.1. Dac <^em vi tri va klii h|u Dge dilm vj tri dja ly cua nudc ta: Vigt Nam nam trong bdn dao Dong Duang, thuOc viJng ddng nam chdu A. Lanh t h i Vidt Nam chgy dpc bd biln phia ddng cua bdn ddo ndy vdi bd biln ddi 3.444 km tiep gidp vdi vjnh Bde BO, biln Ddng vd vinh Thai Lan.
Vidt Nam cd khi hgu nhigt ddi xavan d miln Nam vdi hai mCia (mOa mua, td giua thdng 5 din giua thang 9, va miia khd, td giua thang 10 din giua thang 4) va khi hdu cdn nhigt ddi am d mien Bde vdi bin mCia rd rgt (miia xuan, mCia hd, miia thu va mua ddng), cdn miln trung cd dgc dilm cua khi hgu nhigt ddi gid miia. Do nim dpc theo bd biln, khi hgu Vigt Nam dup'c dilu hda mOt phln bdi cdc ddng biln vd mang
nhieu yeu t l khi hgu bien. DO I m tuang doi trung binh Id 84% suit nam. Hang ndm, lup'ng mua tu 1.200 din 3.000 mm, so gid ning khoang 1.500 din 3.000 gid/nam va nhiet dp tu 5 X din 37 X . Hang nam, Vigt Nam ludn phdi phdng ching bao vd lyt lOi vdi 5 din 10 can bao/nam.
3.2. Off che an mon Nudc bien ehua khodng 3,5%
cac muoi hod tan: 2,73% NaCI ; 0,32% MgCI2 ; 0,22% MgS04 ; 0,13% CaS04; 0,02% KHC03
vd mpt lu<?ng nhd C02 va 02 hod tan, pH > 8,0. Do vgy^nudc bien vCing khi hgu ven bien c6 tinh xam thyc mgnh tdi bdtdng&
BTCT. Ngoai ra so vdi cde nudc khdc, mdi trudng biln ViOt Nam cd dgc thii khi hgu nhigt ddi ndng Im, mua bao nhieu tgo ra sy dn mdn mgnh han. An mdn cua moi trudng biln tdi dp bin cdng trinh be tdng & BTCT gay ra bdi cac qua trinh sau:
• Qua trinh thim ion Cl- vao bg tdng gay ra an mdn va pha hu^
cdt thep (Hinh 4a);
Hinh 4: a) Qud trinh dn mdn do xdm nhap cua ion CI-; b) an mdn di$n hda do khuich tdn oxy vd hai am [4] v. v tgo thdnh cdc ri sdt
Trwdc luc bi dn mdn Hinh thanh cac san Xuat hign vit nwt va cd Cd cdc vit nirt v&, vd ldi pham an mon vit bin loang cit thdp Hinh 5: Dien bien qua trinh an mdn cdt thdp trong BTCT[4]
) ^
S6 6nam2015fcKHOA HOC -CdNG NGHE # # # # #
* Qua trinh thim ion S042- vdo be tdng, tuang tdc vdi cdc san phim thuy hod cua da xi mang tgo ra khodng ettringit truang nd t h i tieh gay pha huj" kit d u (an mdn sunfat);
* Qua b-inh cacbonat hod lam gidm dp pH be tdng theo thdi gian Idm phd vd mang thy dpng bao vg d t thdp, gdp phln day nhanh qua trinh dn mdn d t thep lam phd huy k i t d u ;
' Qud trinh khuich tdn oxy vd hai Im vao trong bd tdng trong dilu kign mdi trudng nhiOt dO khdng khi cao la cde dieu kidn lam cho qud trinh an mdn d t thep xay ra rat mgnh (Hlnh 4b);
* Cae hign tup'ng xdm thyc khdc: an mdn rua trdi, an mdn vi sinh do cac logi hd, sd biln gdy ra, dn mdn ea hpe do sdng biln.
Cac qud trinh an mdn trdn tgo ra cdc ri set tren be mgt thanh thdp, gdy ra cdc vi ndt d b l mgt tiep xiic thdp/bd tdng. Theo thdi gian ede san phim cua qud trinh an mdn dup'c tieh ty, gay nen cae vit ndt Idn han, culi eung Id dly bgt bd tdng ra khdi b l mgt thep va Idm xult hign cac vit vd Hinh 5.
4. Glil PHAP PHONG CHONG AN MON
De ddm bdo dd ben lau dai cho eae cdng trinh xdy dyng trong mdi trudng biln Vigt Nam d n thyc hiOn nghidm nggt dieu kign ky U)ugt dli vdi cae khdu: qua trinh thilt k l , qud trinh thi cdng, qud trinh qudn ly sd dyng vd bao tri cdng trinh; ed t h i b l sung them cdc bign phdp ching dn mdn, hole sd dyng cdc vgt ligu tra cho diu vao.
Qui trinh thi cdng be tdng trong mdi trudng ven biln ndi ehung tuang ty nhu trong viing nOi dja TCVN 4453:1995, ehi d viing nude thuy trilu len xuing va vung nggp nudc la d n dp dyng cdng nghg thi cdng dgc bigt nhdm dam bao be tdng khdng bi nhiem mgn.
Cae yeu d u sau day d n thyc hien tit khi thi cdng be tdng trong mdi trudng biln:
+ Thye hign thiet ke thdnh phan bd tdng theo chi dan ky thugt + Khi ghdp d p pha vd lip dgt thep d n can ehlnh bing con ke d l dam bao chieu day Idp bd tdng bao vg theo dung yeu d u thilt ke.
+ Nen dung hin hp'p be tdng vdi dO syt hp'p ly vdi be tdng cdng trinh Thuy Cdng.
+ Dam bao be tong dong nhit, hg so dao dOng cudng dp d < 0,1.
+ Dam bdo chilu ddy vd dd dgc chdc cua Idp bd tdng bao ve .
+ Duy tri nghiem nggt ehe dO bdo dudng dudng Im theo TCVN 5592:1991,
+ Nen giu be tdng mdi d l khdng tilp xiic nudc bien trong vong 5.7 ngay.
+ Xu ly mgch ngung thi edng bing h i vua ximdng ching thim mac cao.
Thye t l thay ring, hign tup'ng an mdn vd phd huy kit d u d u thudng xdy ra d nhung viing ehju tdc dOng xam thyc manh cua mdi trudng, dge bigt d vung nudc thuy trieu len xuong, be mat ngoai cdng trinh, khu phy, khu diing nudc, nhdng cho kit cau thudng xuyen bj khd am. Cdn d nhdng chi khd rdo kit clu it bj
an mdn han. VI vay nen lya chon dp dyng b l sung them cac bien phap chong an mdn thieh hp'p eho kit clu. Chdng hgn nhu khi khdng lam dup'c kit cau BTCT ho^c chilu ddy Idp bdo ve tuang duang nhu ydu d u , ed t h i dp dyng cdc bign phdp ching thim b l sung nhu: trdt vua xi mang cd pha nhu tuang pdlime M250, 300;
san ching an mdn d t thep. san xi mang, san ximang- pdlime, san hod chit cao phdn td; san phu mgt ngoai kit clu bing edc logi san epoxy va cac hp'p chit cao phan tu.
Cdng tdc qudn ly sd dung va bdo tri edng trinh ed tam quan trpng dgc bigt trong vigc dam bao vd duy tri dO ben cdng trinh. Ddy Id mOt cdng vigc Idu ddi, bit dau tu khi bdn giao dua cdng trinh vao sd dyng din khi hit thdi hgn su dyng cdng trinh. Thyc te da cho thiy, rit nhilu cdng trinh da xay dyng d nudc ta diu khdng dup'c quan ly su dyng tot, cdng tdc bdo tri hdi hpi, sao nhdng, edng nang vd myc dich sd dyng bj thay dli Id mOt trong nhung nguyen nhan dan din an mon vd phd huy kit d u , iam edng trinh hu hdng sdm.
Mpt hudng gidi quylt khac la su dyng cac logi vgt lieu cd tinh khdng dn mdn d l thay the thep, trong dd pho bien nhit Id vgt ligu Polyme cit sp'i (Fiber Reinforced Polymer), thudng gpi Id vat lisu FRP. Cdc logi sp'i phi biln d l chi tgo vgt ligu FRP la sp'i eac- bon, sp'i aramit, sp'i thuy tinh, sp'i bazan. Hign nay tren t h i gidi viec su dyng vat ligu FRP cho cdng trinh BTCT ngdy cdng trd nen phi biln bdi cdc tinh chat uu viet cua logi vat ligu ndy nhu cudng dO rit cao (gip 2-8 lan thep thdng
iJ®®f^!J<?;
# # # # # KHOA HOC - C O N G NGHE
Sdng 2 - Mdt s6 tinh chit ca ly eita thanh GFRP va thep
Hinh 6: Sw dung v$t lieu tra nhw thanh sgi thuy tinh thay cho cot thdp
thudng), trpng lup'ng nhg (nhg gip 3-5 Iln thep), khdng bj dn mdn vd khdng cd td tinh. Trong cac logi thanh FRP thi thanh FRP thuy tinh (GFRP) dup'c dng dyng khd rOng rai vl gid thdnh san xult loai thanh ndy tuang doi ha.
Nam 2013, Zhi Fang va cde cOng sy da tien hanh mdt nghien cdu trong do thanh FRP dup'c sd dyng vdi vai trd thanh cang tuang ty nhu cdp dy dng lye. Nghien cdu da cho thay vdi hg thing neo d iyc dinh, thanh FRP ed the su dyng nhu cdp dy dng Iyc mOt each hidu qua trong cdc neo sd dyng trong kit cau clu treo. Nam 2014, Yunita Idris vd d n g sy da nghien cdu ve sy Idm vigc eua dim composite su dyng FRP, BT cudng dO eao vd thdp hinh . Kit qua thyc nghigm cho thay logi kit d u ndy td ra tuang dli higu qua.
Tinh chat Khoi lu'O'ng rieng Giai han chay danh nghTa, Ivipa
Cirong dp i<eo, MPa IWodun aan h6i, x10'H/IPa
Bidn dang chay, % Bien dang i<eo diM, %
Thep 7850 ltg/m»
276-517 483 - 690 200,0 0,14-0,25
6,-12,0
Cot s^i thuy tinh (GFRP) 1250 - 2100 ilg/m'i
Khong co 483 -1600 35,0-51,0 Khong co
1,2-3,1
Cf Viet Nam, vigc su dyng vgt lieu FRP cho cdng trinh BTCT la van d l tuang dli mdi. Vat lieu FRP dgng t i m da dup-c dp dung trong gia c l cdc cdng trinh giao thdng va dan dyng trong thdi gian gin day va td ra co nhilu uu diem rd rdt. Tuy nhien, viec sd dyng vgt lidu FRP dgng thanh Idm d t gia cudng cho kit clu BT hiu nhu chua dupc dp dyng. Nguyen nhan la do v§t lieu thanh FRP chua dup'c chi tgo d trong nudc cung nhu chua cd cde tieu chuan dp dyng cho kit d u BT d t FRP trong dieu kidn Vigt Nam. Gin day, vgt ligu FRP spi thiiy tinh (GFRP) da bit diu dup'c chd tgo tgi Viet Nam vd da cd mOt so nghien cdu ly thuyet vd thyc nghigm v l vigc thilt k l vd thi edng kit d u BT d t thanh GFRP. Bang 2 so sanh mdt so tinh chit ca ly cua vgt lieu thanh GFRP so vdi thanh d t thep thdng thudng. Co the thiy ring, thanh GFRP nhg han, cudng dO cao han, nhung eo md-dun dan hii thip han so vdi thdp thdng thudng.
5.KETL0ANVAKIENNGH!
VCing biln Id moi trudng xam thyc mgnh dli vdi be tdng vd be tdng d t thep. Mdi trudng bien Vigt Nam xam thyc mgnh han
•N ®\m
mdi tnj'dng biln nhieu nudc tren t h i gidi do nhiet dp, dO I m khdng khi cao, thdi gian I m udt Idn, ning dO muoi Cl- cao, nudc va d t ligu ed nhiem mgn.
Nudc ta cd 28 tfnh, thanii p h i tiep xiic tRj-c tilp vdi biln va ndm trong vOng khi quyin ven bd vd g i n bd vdi tong dign tich 208.560km2 chiem 41% dign tich cd nudc. Do vay, nhilu hd thing giao thong quan trpng cua chiing ta ndm trong vung anh hudng cOa khi quyin biln ven bd vd gin bd.
Thiet ke, thi eong bd tdng vS be tdng d t thep theo quy phgm hign hanh dy kiln ddm bdo d$
bin kit clu 50-60 nam, tuy nhidn thi tren thye te qua phln Idn c^c edng trinh da khao sat chi dgt 20, 30 nam, nhieu cdng trinh hu hong ngng sau 7. 15 nam. Tic dp dn mdn d muc cao va gdy hu hong nhanh han kha nang sua chua.
Do vgy d n khan truang hogch djnh mOt chiln lup-c ching dn mdn va bao vg cho kit d u bS tdng va be tdng d t thep viing biln Vigt Nam.
Nghien cdu nhanh chong dua cae vgt ligu mdi tra vdi mfli trudng biln nhu vgt ligu sp'i cdc bon, sp'i thOy tinh vdo trong cdc quy trinh, quy phgm giiip cho vigc dp dyng dup'c rpng rai •
S6 6 nam 20151
KHOA HOC - C O N G N G H E # # # # #
TAILIEOTHAMKHAO ~V 11] D.A Tuin, N.M Tnj'dng;
L T h y e trgng an mdn, vd', I phd hiiy cde edng trinh bd
^ tdng d t thep bao vg bd biln nude ta". Vien Khoa
^ hpc ThOy lai Vidt Nam, f 2000.
[2] Trin Viet Lien va cac cdng tdc vidn "An mdn khi quyin d l i vdi be tdng va be tdng i^ d t thdp vung ven biln
Vidt Nam". Vien Khi tup'ng Thuyvan. HdNOi, 1996.
[3] http://iccl.vn/mon-va-pha- huy-be-tong-cot-thep-tai- cau-cang.html.
[4] http://ww/w.eement.org/for- . concrete-books-learning/
^ c o n c r e t e - t e c h n o l o g y /
| i durability/corrosion~of-
" embedded-materials.
[5] TCVN 4453-1995: Kit eau bd tdng vd bd tdng d t thdp L toan khli. Qui phgm thi F cdng va nghiem thu.
[6] TCVN 9346-2012: Kit c l u bd tdng vd bd tdng d t thdp I* -r Yeu d u bao vd ehing dn mdn trong mdi trudng f biln.
[7] Tuyin tdp bao cdo Hdi thdo khoa hpe "An mdn vd
I
bdo ve cde edng trinh vOng ven biln", Vign Khoa hpc Ky thuat Xay dyng. Ha NOi 8-1999.[8] K.Y. Ann, J.H. Ahn, J.S.
Ryou "The importance .•^ of chloride content at the concrete surface in assessing the time to corrosion of steel in concrete structures"
Construction and Building Materials, Vol 23, Jan 2009, Pages 239-245.
NGUYEH NHAN Cdr LOI CUA HAN LON V£T BANH XE NGHIEM TRONG ...
(Tiip theo trang 14) hJOn dgi, dong bO; d n tap trung chi dgo, gidm sdt chat che qua trinh c h i tgo hon hp'p bd tdng nhya tgi trgm trOn, vd thi cdng tgi hien tnj'dng; day ehinh la mOt trong nhung gidl phdp glc r l d l bao dam chit lup'ng, dp tin d y cua mdt dudng bd tdng nhya ndng.
Qua trinh doi mdi, hdi nhgp, phat trien da tap nen dOi ngu nha thau xdy dyng mgnh, cd nguon von dli ddo; nhung doanh nghiep chi vdng mgnh thgt sy khi dam mgnh dgn diu tu vdo thilt bj, phdng thi nghigm hign dgi, dong bO, tidn tiln; cde cdng ty d n thilt • l^p t l chdc nghien edu & phat triln (bO phdn R&D, Research &
Development).
2. Cae nha thau nude ngoai da phln hign nay deu su^dung ede nha thlu phy trong nudc vdi nang Iyc thilt bj... rit hgn chi; d n yeu d u vd uu tien tuyin chpn cde nha thlu nude ngodi mang theo ddn thilt bj vd cdng nghg hign dgi, tidn tiln vdo Vigt Nam; ed nhu vgy thi chit lup'ng cdng trinh se dup'c bao dim va Iyc lup'ng can bp, cdng nhan ky thugt trong nude se tilp thu hpc hdi dup'c nhilu kinh nghigm tien tiln, bo ich d l nhanh chdng tnj'dng thdnh.
3. Nhung ndm tdi, ydu d u dau tu xdy dyng hO thdng dudng cao toe ngdy cang Idn; nen chang thu nghigm diu thlu quoe t l theo hlnh thue trpn gdi (chia khda trao tay) va mdi mOt s l cac edng ty mgnh d eac nudc tidn tiln tham gia xay dyng trpn gdi mpt so dy an dudng cao tic; tu dd nit kinh nghiem.
4. Cin ed giai phap trigt de han nua d l quan iy higu qua xe qud tdi luu thdng tren dudng, (nOi dung nay xin dupc trinh bay trong bdi bao tilp theo).
Vdi giai phap quylt ligt nhu vgy chic chdn can bOnh trim kha:
hdn llin vOt bdnh xe nghiem trpng trdn mat dudng be tdng nhya se dup'c khde phyc.
Cuoi eung eung d n phdi luu y rang: chit lup'ng phyc vy giao thdng v$n tdi cua dudng d td, dgc bigt la dudng clp eao ed kit cau mat be tdng nhya la mOt phgm tni rpng Idn, phuc tgp. Be ndng eao chit lup'ng khai thac cua dudng d td noi chung, dgc bigt la kit d u mgt dudng be tdng nhya, can phai nghien cuu dong bp he thing eac gidl phap lidn quan bao gom-ca v l dia hinh, thdi tilt, khi hau, dja chat, thuy van, mdi trudng, phuang tign giao thdng, con ngudi vd hdng chyc y i u to khae ve thilt bj, vgt ligu, edng nghe gia d n g , qud trinh quan ly, thiet k l , giam sdt, thi cdng, khai thac..Nghien cdu, tiep thu cac thanh tyu khoa hpc mdi ludn Id doi hdi buc thilt, thudng xuyen.
Vide chin trj vd tim ra nguyen nhan d t Idi eua can bgnh han llin vgt bdnh xe nghidm trpng Id nhim tap trung giai phap chua trj hieu qua td glc r l . Cdc gidi phdp nghidn edu khoa hpe edng nghg toan dign, ding bp trdn t i t cd cdc linh vyc lien quan van ludn d n duprc tiep tyc tdng cudng •
TAI UEU THAM KHiO 1. Cdc bdi bdo trdn cac diln dan thong tin khoa hpc, cac bdo didn td trong nudc.
2. Cdc tdi liOu v l mat dudng be tdng nhya, (asphalt concrete pavement), va han llin vgt bdnh xe, (wheel rut), tu cac trang Web cua cdc nudc tidn tiln.
3. Cde nghien cdu cOa tdc gia v l bd tdng nhya, nin mdng mgt dudng d td.