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GIAI PHAP DAY MANH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA
GAN VOri PHATTRIEN KINH TE TRI THUfC
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• TS NGUYEN THI CHINH
• ThS PH^M TUAN HOA Hgc vi^n Ngdn hdng
Dgi hdi VI (12-1986) eua Dang khdi xudng cdng cudc ddi mdi, dinh diu budc dot phi vl tu duy ly luin, ttong dd cd rihiing quan dilm, nhin thiic mdi vl cdng nghiep hda. Dai hdi di xie dinh van dl cdt ldi cua cdng nghiep hda li:
"Khoa hpe, ky thuit la mdt ddng luc thuc diy phat triln kmh tl, xa hdi" vi chu tnrong "phil van dung khoa hgc xi hdi, khoa hpc ty nhiln, khoa hgc ky thugt ttong viec nghiln ctiu ehiln lugc phit triln kinh tl, xa hdi, ttong vile xic dinh cic chu truong, chmh sich, ttong td chuc quin ly kmh t l va xa hdi""'.
Tai Hdi nghi dgi bilu toin qude giua nhilm ky khda VII (1-1994), Dang chu tiuong "tiiuc diy sy chuyin dich co ciu kinh te theo hudng cdng nghidp hda, hien dgi hda"'^'. Day la lin diu tiln. Dang dua ra quan diem gin kit cdng nghiep hda, hiln dai hda (CNH, HDH) ttong mgt chmh thi thdng nhat. Hdi nghi Trung uong 7 khda VII (7-1994) da dua ra khii nilm
CNH, HDH, eoi viec su dung khoa hpe ky thuit tiln tiln li diem cdt ldi eua CNH nhim tao ra ning suit lao ddng xa hdi cao.
Sau 10 nam ddi mdi, Viet Nam ca ban hoin thanh nhiem vg chuan bi tien de cho CNH, Dai hdi VIII khang dinh, ehiing ta cd dieu kien de chuyin sang thdi ky mdi, thdi ky day mgnh CNH, HDH. Dai hdi VIII tilp tue nhin mgnh vai ttd ddng luc cda khoa hpe - cdng nghi ddi vdi su nghilp CNH, HDH dit nudc: "Phit tiiln khoa hpc vi cdng nghe, nang cao nang luc ndi sinh dl thuc day sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hiln dai boa; nam bat eic thinh tyu khoa hpc va edng nghe the gidi, lya chpn vi lim chu edng nghe phu hpp dl ehuyin giao vao Viet Nam.
Trong dd, bude diu phit trien mdt sd linh vyc cdng nghe eao vl diln tu, thdng tm, sinh hpc, vat lieu mdi va tu ddng hda"*^'.
Thip nien cudi the ky XX, kmh te tri thiic (KTrr) ttd thinh xu the ndi bat, cd vai ttd quyet dinh ttong phat trien lyc lugng san xuit bien dgi. Trudc bdi canh ehung do, Dai hdi DC da bd sung nhilu luin dilm mdi quan ttpng vl CNH, HDH. Dd la: tien hinh "edng nghiep hda nit ngin theo hudng hiln dai" va "tfimg bude
LYLUAN CHiNH TR!-Sd 9/2015
^ T H I J C T I S N - K I N H NGHIEM
phat tiifo kinh tg tri thiic". Day la mat noi dung moi cua qu4 trinh CNH, HDH, la co hdi de nhimg nuoc di sau nhu Viet Nam c6 di^ di tSt d6n dau, tCtng budc duoi kip cac nuoc tien tien tren thg gioi.
Khi xac dinh Kirr dang tro thanh xu die ndi hat trong phat trien luc luong san xuat hien dai, Ijn dau den, Dai hoi K neu luan digm quan tipng ve phat trign KITT: Di nhanh vao cong nghe hien dai & nhiJng nganh va linh vuc then chot dg tao bu6c nhay vgt vg cong nghe va kinh tg, tao toe dp tang tmtog vuot trpi 6 nhiing s5n pham va dich vu chii lire. COng nghiep hoa gin voi hien dai hda ngay tii dau va trong sudt cdc giai doan ph4t ttign. Nang cao ham lucmg tri thuc ttong cac nhan to phit trign kinh te-xahfli, tiing buoc phat trign kinh tg tti thiic onuoc ta"***.
Tiep tue phdt trign quan digm ciia Dal hpi K, Dai hdi X nhgn manh; "Tranh thii co hpi thuan Icri dp boi eanh qudc tg tao ra va tigm nang, lpi the cua nuoc ta dg rut ngdn qua ttinh cdng nghigp hod, hien dai hoi dat nudc theo dinh hudng xa hpi chii nghia gdn vdi phat trign kmh te tri thiic, coi kinh tg tri thiic la ygu td quan ttpng ciia ngn kinh tg va edng nghiep hod, hien daihoa"'^.
Trgn CO sd tdng kgt 25 nam ddi mdi, Dai hdi XI ciia Dang da bd stmg va phat trien dudng ldi ddi mdi va phat trign ddt nude. Ddi vdi ehu truong CNH, HDH gdn vdi phdt ttien K m , Dai hpi XI cd su phdt trign mdi vg nhan thiic ly luan va diuc tign khi khJng dinh phdt trign KTTT eung vdi CNH, HDH Id npi dimg ttpng tdm cda phdt trign kinh tg, la nhigm vu trung tam cda ca thdi ky qud dp Ign CNXH. Phdt trign khpa hpe va edng nghe, day manh CNH, HDH ddt nude, phat trign Kill la con diidng "rut ngdn"
cua qud trinh phdt trign ddt niiiic. Phat trign khoa hge va cdng nghe nham muc tieu day
manh CNH, HDH ddt nudc, "phat ttign kinh tg tri thiic, vuon Ign trinh dO tien tign ciia thg gidi"'". Day la sir lua chgn ddng ddn, phd hpp vdi xu thg phdt tiign ciia thdi ky toan cau hda va hpi nhap qudc tg.
Nhu vay, Dai hpi XI da tigp tiic phdt trign quan digm cua Ddng ve CNH, HDH gdn vdi phdt trien KTTT phil hgp vdi khi ndng, dieu kien va ddc digm ciia Viet Nam ttong bdi canh ddi mdi va hpi nhdp qudc te.
Trong qud tiinh ldnh dap thyc hi$n CNH, HDH, Dang ta rdt cpi ttpng viec tap ra dOng luc chp svi phdt trign HTT. Tuy nhign, nhiing ygu td cho su ra ddi va phdt tiign K m mdi dang d thdi ky hmh thanh. Vg co ban, ngn kmh tg cua Viet Nam vdn mang nhiing ddu an cda kinh tg ndng nghigp, dang chuygn dan sang kinh tg cdng nghiep. Theo ddnh gid cua Td chiic Sdhiiu tri tug thg gidi (WIPO) va Hpc vien Kinh doanh (INSEAD) Phdp, xgp hang chi sd sing tao toan cdu (Global Innovation Index - GII) nam 2011, Viet Nam xgp thd 51 ttong tdng sd 125 nudc xep hang; nam 2012, Vigt Nam xgp thli 76 so vdi 141 nudc vd ngn kinh tg dugc ddnh gii dua trgn nang luc va kgt qud sdng tao, tut 25 bdc so vdi nam 2011.Ndm 2014, Viet Nam xgp thii 71/143 ngn kinh tg ttgn thg gidi, xgp thu 4 ttong khdi cdc nudc ASEAN (kgt qua do WIPO vd Dai hpc Comell (Hpa Ky), INSEAD tiiiic hign. Xgp hang vg chi sd sing tao la dg nhdn manh vai ttd ciia hpat dpng sing tao cdng nghe, cpi ddy la trung tam cua SV tang trudng kinh tg va t^o ra vi^c lam mdi tot hon, la chia khda dg cai thign nang life canh ttanh cua cac ngn kinh tg, cac ngdnh cdng nghigp vi cde doanh nghigp. Nhdng chi sd tt6n cho thdy nhiing thach thde ldn md Viet Nam cdn phai vupt qua.
Trong thdi gian tdi, dg thuc hien cd hieu qua chu tiramg cua Dang ve CNH, HDH gdn vdi
LfLUAN CHfNH TR|-So 9/2015
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phit triln KTTT, ein tiiye hien tdt mdt sd giai phap sau:
Thu nhit, nhdm gai phip vi chu truong, diinh sach
Xay dung md hmh CNH, HDH tiieo hudng hien dgi. Trong dd, can hoin chlnh khung tieu chi nudc cdng nghiep hien dai. Dd li he eic tilu chi vl tang trudng kinh te vi md, eae tieu chi phin iiih ve su phit triln xa hdi, cic tieu ehi danh gia mirc dp hdi nhap qudc tl.
Hoin thien thi chl kmh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN, tgo mdi trudng phip l;y linh manh, thuc day su ddi mdi, sing tgo, phit huy vai ttd eda khoa hge, edng nghe khuyen khich phit trien nang luc tri me con ngudi.
Tii ciu tnic nln kmh tl theo hudng ting nlianh cae nginh gii tri gia tang eao dya nhieu rao tri thiic, cdng nghe mdi, tap trung phat trien cdng nghiep ning lugng cdng nghiep che tao, cdng r ^ l p ty ddng eic r^inh cdng nghiep mui nhgn vdi su huy dpr^ cae ngudn lye cua tit ci eic thanh phin kinh te. Ddng thdi, cit giam eie du in diu tuldn nhttng hieu qui tiiap; phat triln cie nganh cdng nghilp ehlbiln vi dich vu dya nhilu vao hi thiic, cham dut bin tii nguyen thd; nliip cdng nghe thay cho nhip sin phim che biln - FDI phai di kem chuyin giao khoa hgc, cdng n^e; tang manh vdn dau m vao giio due - dio tgo. Thyc hiln sy chuyin hudng ehiln lugc tu sy phat triln dua vao tai nguyin sang phit trien dua vio tri thiic, ning lyc tri ml eua con ngudi, gia ting nlianh him lugng tii thiic ttor^ GDP, giam mgnh tieu hao nguyen Ueu, ning lugng.
Thilt lip hi thdng ddi mdi sing tgo trong toan bd nln kinh te, tao su lien kit huu co khoa hpc, dio tgo vdi san xuit - kmh doanh, rihim diy nhanh qui trinh ddi mdi sing tao.
Cai eich hanh chlnh gin vdi tin hpe hda, diy nhanh xay dyng Chinh phii diln tu de bd miy
nhi nudc boat ddng ngiy cang cd hieu luc, hieu qui hon,...
Thuhai, nhdmgiiphap vi xiy dtmg ngudn nhan luc chit luqng cao
Xay dung chiln lupc phat triln ngudn nhin luc phai gin kit vdi chien lupc phat trien kinh t l - xa hdi, vdi su nghilp CNH, HDH, phit trien KTTT. Chiln luge phit triln kinh t l - xi hdi (2011- 2020) khang dinh:
"Phit ttiln va nang cao chit lugng ngudn nhan luc, nhit li ngudn nhin lue chit lupng cao la mgt dot phi chiln lugc, li ylu td quylt dinh qui trinh eo eiu lgi nln kinh tl, chuyin ddi md hinh ting trudng vi li lgi thi canh tranh dii hgn, bao dam kinh t l - xi hdi phit triln nhanh, hieu qua, ben viing... Thue hien cie ehuong ttinh, de an dio tgo nhin luc chat lugng eao ddi vdi eie nganh, linh vuc chu ylu, miii nhpn. Chu trpng phit hien, bdi dudng, phit huy nhin tii; dao tao nhan luc cho phat trien kinh t l tti thiie"'^'.
Tiln hanh eii eich giio due mdt each triit dl, bit dau tu nhimg vin de can ban ve ttilt ly vi muc tieu eda nln giio due Viet Nam. Day li ylu td quylt dinh nhat thuc day Vilt Nam di nhanh vio KITT.
Can cd ehinh saeh khuyin khieh sang tgo, co eiu trinh do dio tgo phu hgp vdi yeu eau phit trien eda trinh do kinh tl-xa hdi, hilu qua eda eac hogt ddng khoa hpc - edng nghi, mdi lien he giua nhi trudng vi doanh nghiep. Xiy dung va phit huy dpi ngu tri thuc vi cdng nhan tri thuc, dd li lue lupng tien phong vi chu lyc de phit triln nen KITT.
Md rdng quan he hgp tic giio due - dao tgo va khoa hpc - edng nghi vdi nudc ngoii; myen chgn dua di dao tgo d eac nudc tien tien can bd khoa hpc - ky thuit thudc eae llnh vyc uu tien chien luoe.
LYLUAN CHfNH TRI-So 9/2015
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T H I / C T I I N - K I N H NGHIEM Thilt lap he thdng hpc tgp sudt ddi, nhanh chdng hinh thinh xa hdi hpc tip (day la mot ttong nhiing die trung co ban eua nln KlTl).Thu ba, nhdm giai phap vi khoa hqc, cdng nghe
Dl dat tdi muc tieu trd thinh nudc edng nghilp hiln dgi, gii tri do tri thiie tao ra chiem khoang 40% GDP, cdng nhin tri thiie chiem khoang 30% luc lupng lao ddng, chi sd K i l l dgt muc trung binh cua thi gidi, ein cd chinh sach giai quylt tdt mdi quan hi giiia khoa hgc, cdng nghe; phit tiiln khoa hgc - cdng nghe va ning cao nang luc nghiln cihi khoa hpe. Trong ehiln lugc phit triln khoa hge, cdng nghe, ein cd Id tiinh, budc di thieh hgp cho ddi mdi cdng nghe, phit trien KTTT ttong ttmg nginh, ttmg dia phuong. 6 giai doan dau, tap trung vio tiep thu, chuyin giao cdng nghe mdi, ttong dd uu tien -xay dtmg cic khu cdng nghi cao eip viing de thu hut cong nghi mdi. Hmh thinh mgt sd CO sd nghiln edu, ling dung du sue tilp thu, cai tien cdng nghe vi sang tgo cdng nghe mdi gin vdi san xuit. Giai doan tilp theo su dung co ehe tii ehinh khuyin khieh ddi tic nudc ngoai hpp tic vdi CO sd ttong nudc phat trien cdng nghe mdi. Trin nen tang dd, tap ra nang lue nghiln cihl ndi smh giup eie nha khoa hge va CO sd san xuat ttong nudc tiln tdi van dung vi lim chu nhimg edng nghe vi tri thtrc moi cua nhin logi.
Ung dung rdng rai edng nghe thdng tin nhu mui nhgn dot phi vio KTTT. Cdng nghe tbdng tin vi tmyen tiidng la hg ting co sd dl thuc hien hiu hit eic hogt ddng cua KTTT, li phuang tiln hiiu hilu hd trg eho giao due vi dio tgo, mdi trudng kmh tl va thi ehe xa hgi thugn lpi eho viec sing tao vi su dung tri thiic.
Phit trien ha ting cdng nghe thdng tin vi tmyln thdng cua Viet Nam vi phit triln eac khu cdng nghe cao. Ngoii cic khu di ed nhu
Cdng viln phan mim Sai Gdn, Quang Trung, Khu cdng ngh§ eao Ling - Hda Lgc, trung tim phan mim Hii Phdng, cdng vien phin mim Da ning, Tmng tam phin mim Hul, can phat triln them cac khu cdng nghe eao mdi d khu vyc phia Bic, nhat la Ha Ndi vi Hii Phdng.
Ddi mdi cdng nghe, sin pham, phuang ph^
td chiic san xuat kmh doanh ttong tit ei cic nginh Tror^ mdi i^;anh can cd nhung miii nhgn dot phi di tiling vao cdng n ^ e cao. Chu tini^ sir dung cdng nghi cao dl phit triln nhanh nginh eo khi chl tgo, die bilt li co kbi chinh xic, tu ddng hda, ttd thinh nhiing nganh Kill.
Trong thdi dgi toan ciu hda vi hdi nhap qudc tl, cic qudc gia ed xuit phit dilm tiiip, mudn vuon lln trinh do tiln tiln eua thi gidi khdng cd con dudng nao khic li phat triln khoa hge va cdng n ^ e , day manh CNH, HDH gin vdi phat tiien KTIT. Diy li xu thi khich quan cua thdi dgi, ddng thdi eiing li con dudng
"nit ngin" cua qui trinh cdng nghilp hoi theo hudng hiln dai nhim xay dyng nln kinh tl cdng nghilp - tri thiie va nen KTTT 3
(1) DCSVN: Van kien Dai hdi Dai^ thdi icy dii moi, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2005, tt. 195.
(2) Nguyin Phii Trong: Ngiien dm Ngii quyit Hii nglii toan quicgOaninem kycua Dang, Nxb Chfah m qudc gia, Ha Npi, 1994, tt.34.
(3) DCSVN: VSn hen Dai hgi dai bi€u toin qudclin tbuVin, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, HaNpi, 1996, tr.l98.
(4) DCSVN: van hen Daihoi dai biiu toin qu&clin didIX, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2001, tt.263.
(5) DCSVN: VSn hen Daihoi dai biiu toin qudclin tiiuX Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Ngi, 2006, tt.28-29.
(6), (7) BCSVN-.Van hen Dai hgi dai bieu toan quic lan thuXI, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2011, tt.79,98.
LY LUAN CHINHTRI-569/2015
