^hdn^ 01 ndjii 2017 Nghien cHu khoa hgc
DAC T R I T N G V A G I A TRI CUA LE HOI
VtJNG VEN BIEN BAC LIEU
C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d v a l u e o f F e s t i v a l s in t h e c o a s t a l z o n e o f B a c L i e u p r o v i n c e o ThS. Truong Thu Trang
Khoa Suphgm
TOM TAT
Vitng ven bien Bgc Lieu co cdc le hoi dgc biet thu hiil dong dao du khach gdn xa, do la cdc le hoi nhu:
Le hoi Qudn Am Nam Hdi. Li hoi Nghinh Ong vd Li hpi Cung Bien. Cdc le hoi ndy co nhihig dgc trung vd gid tri riing trong d&i song kinh le, van hoa, xa hoi cua vung ven bien Bgc Lieu noi rieng, tinh Bgc Lieu noi chung. Bdi viit ndy nhdm chi ro nhiing dgc trung vd gid tri do, dong thdi de xuat cdc gidi phdp nhdm bdo ton vdphdl huy gid tri ciia cdc le hgi nay.
Tic khoa: Le hpi, Bac Lieu, Vitng ven bien Bac Lieu, Dgc trung, Gid tri.
ABSTRACT
The coastal zone of Bac Lieu has many special festivals that have attracted a great mnumber of visitors. They are Qudn Am Nam Hdi, Nghinh Ong. Cung bien. These festivals have their own characteristics and values in economic life, culture and society of the coastal zone in particular and Bac Lieu province in general. This article aims at specifying those characteristics and values, and propose certain solutions to preserve and promote their values.
Keywords: Festivals, Bac Lieu, Bac Lieu coastal zone, characteristics. Value
1. Mff dau
Le hdi vdn la mgt hien tugng van hda ddng vai trd quan trgng trong ddi sdng con ngudi. Cac le hdi tai Bac Lieu tu} khdng nhieu nhung mang dam sac thai van hda dja phuong, va la hinh thirc sinh boat van hda cang ngay cang thu hiit ddng dao ngudi dan trong va ngoai tinh tham gia. Dac biet, chiing tdi quan tam trudc tien den cac le hgi thugc viing ven bien Bac Lieu, dd la Le hgi Quan Am Nam Hai, Le hgi Nghinh Ong va Le hdi Cling Bien. Bdi hang nam, cii den miia le hgi la cd den hang tram ngan lugt ngudi tii cac noi ve da>' chiem bai, va sd lugng ngudi tham gia cac le hdi viing bien nay cang liic cang tang nhanh. Hien tugng nay khien cho chung
tdi cd nhieu suy nghi va thuc hien nghien cuu
"Dgc trung vd gid tri cda le hgi vdng ven bien Bgc Lieu", nham nhan dien dac trung, chirc nang ciia le hdi viing ven bien Bac Lieu;
Phan tich gia tri ciia nhimg le hgi nay trong ddi sdng ngudi dan va trong phat trien du Ijch Bac Lieu; Ddng thdi ly giai xu hudng bien ddi ciia le hdi trong xa hdi duong dai. Tren ca sd dd de xuat nhiing giai phap giup gin giu va phat hu\ gia trj ciia le hdi vimg ven bien Bac Lieu.
2. Noi d u n g
2.1. So l u g e ve le hgi tai Bac Lieu Ke tir khi tinh Bac Lieu dugc tai lap (nam 1997). khdi phuc cac boat ddng ie hdi
THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
Nghien cuTu khoa hgc (Shing. 01 nam 2011
la mot trong nhttng noi dung quan trong dugc Tinh uy, Uy ban nhan dan (UBND) tinh dac bi$t quan tam. Bdi thong qua li hoi, nguoi d ^ duac giao due truySn thong vSn hoa, dugc sinh hoat, vui chai giai tri lanh manh.
L I hoi gop ph&i quan trong trong viec quang ba van hoa truySn thfing, tieu biju cua dan tOc thiic diy giao luu vto hoa, xSy dung dai s6ng van hoa lanh manh.
Nhic dSn Bjic Li6u, nguai ta nhd ngay dSn cac ll hoi tigu bieu nhu: le hoi Quan Am Nam H4i, ll hOi Nghinh Ong, ll hoi Dj C6 Hoai Lang, IS h^i Ooc cm Bok, le hoi ky yen, IS h^i Dong Npc Nang, le hoi Den thd Bac Ho, le Gio to co nhae, le gio Linh muc Phanxico Trucrng Bmi Di$p...
Cac le hoi tai Bac Lieu thucmg dien ra trong khong khi trang trong, ySn binh, gin gui. Nguai di ll than thiSn, thanh tam. Cac boat dong diln ra quanh ll hoi thucmg dam bao tinh vto boa. An ninh trat t\r quanh ll hoi kha t5t.
Hien nay d Bac Lieu, ll hpi chinh la ngudn tai nguySn du lich vto hda rit hip din va dang dupe khai thac kha tdt. Quy hoach phat triin Du lich tinh B?ic Lieu din nSm 2020, tim nhin din ntai 2030, da xac dinh mot trong nhiing thi manh cua Bac Lieu trong phat trien du lich la cd nhOng tai nguySn du lich vto hda tam linh cd pham vi tob bucmg Idn ddi vdi dan cu Bac Lieu va ca viing ding btog sdng Ctjfu Long. Cac tai nguyen nay cd kha ntog phat triin thtoh cac sto phim du lich hip din, thu hut dong dao khach du lich.
Theo Sd Vto hda Thi thao va Du lich tinh Bac Lieu, trong giai doan 2005-2014, sd
luong khach du lich din Bac Lieu da cd s\i ttog trudng dtog kl, d?it tdc dd khd cao, djt 22%. Ntoi 2014, ting sd khach d?it 973.000 luat, ttog 2,4 lin so vdi ntoi 2010. Trong dd, bin nhien cd sir ddng gdp tich cue cua cac ll hpi viing ven biln.
2.2. Hifn tr?ng le h^i vung ven biln Bac LiSn
2.2.1.LI hf i Quin Am Nam Hai Tji Quto Am Phat Dai, hang ntoi vin diln ra cac ll via Quto Thi Am Bd Tat vJo cac ngay 19/2, 19/6 va 19/9 tuong ting vdi ngay mi Quto Thi Am Bd Tat dupe sinh ra, di tu va nhap niSt bto.
Ben c?nh dd, htog ntoi vao ba ngay 22, 23 va 24 thtog 3 toi lich, Hdi Ph$t gi&) ViSt Nam tinh Bac Lieu dting ra t l chute ll hpi Quto Am Nam Hdi.
Theo cdng vto sd 14/UBND ngay 07/01/2008 cua UBND tinh Bac Lieu vl vi6c phto cip ll hdi trong toto tinh, thi ll hoi Quto Am Nam Hai la ll hdi cip thj xS (nay la Thtoh phd Bac Lidu).
Trong phin Ll thudng la ll ciu an theo nghi thilc Phat Giao, ngoai ra la cac nghi ll duac ngudi dto mong ehd nhu nghi thic Rude ll Quto Am, Hoa dtog ciing Phat. Phin Hdi ddc dao vdi Phign cha xua cd nhihig c6 thieu nir ban nude vdi, che xanh; cd nhom ddn ca tai til trai chiiu chit khto trinh diln nhiing bai ca cd dien; cd nhOng gtoh hang rong ban thiic ta ciia ba dto t0c Kinh-Hoa- Khmer.. .Ngoai ra con cd gian htog bilu diln thu phdp Viet.
2.2.2. Ll hoi Nghinh Ong or Ganh Hiio THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
^hdtt^ 01 ndtn 2017 Nghien ciiu khoa hgc
Theo Ban Tri su L5ng Ong Nam Hai d Bac Lieu, Ca Ong la ca voi lung xam ma ngu dan tdn thd ggi la than Nam Hai. Tai day, hg tin tudng rang tuc thd Ca Ong bat ngudn tir tuc thd Ca Ong ciia ngudi Cham, va nay da trd thanh tin ngudng dan gian viing duyen hai mien Trung va mien Nam Viet Nam tir Thanh Hda den Miii Ca Mau.
Trude day, tin ngudng thd ciing Ca Ong eiia ngudi dan Bac Lieu dugc thd hien kha don gian. Mdi gia dinh tu bay bien it ll vat Cling Ong trudc khi ra khoi. Nhung ddn nam 2003, khi Lang Ong dugc xay dung kien ed thi ngudi dan tu hgp nhau td chirc thanh Ll hdi Nghinh Ong. Le hdi dugc td chirc trong ba ngay 9-10-11/3 am lich hang nam. Bat dau tir nam 2016, Le hdi nay se dugc td chirc ba ngay 8-9-10/3 am lich.
Phai nhin nhan rang Ban td chuc da y thite rat rd trong viec td chiic ll hgi, phdn Le va phan Hdi dugc chii trgng song song nhau.
Phan Le dugc thuc hien trang trgng, can than trong cac thuc hanh nghi le. Phan Hdi dugc td chiic vdi rat nhieu boat ddng, tao dieu kien cho ngudi dan tham gia vui chai giai tri. Dac biet la cac trd choi dugc lua chgn, thiet kl phii hgp, lam ndi bat le hdi mien bien.
Nghi thirc ra khoi Nghinh Ong la nghi thirc dugc ngudi du le mong cho nhieu nh^t.
Hang tram chiec thuyen cd treo cd nude thang tien bien khoi thuc hanh nghi thiic Nghinh Ong, trong dd cd ba chiec thuyen chinh dugc cdt chat vao nhau, chiec thuyen d giiia ehd Long Dinh cimg doan hg gia Nghinh Ong, nhimg tieng reo hd ciia ngudi tham du ll tren nhimg chuyen thuyen lam huyen nao ca mdt
viing trdi bien.
2.2.3. hi hoi Nghinh Ong d VTnh Thinh
Cimg thugc vung ven bien Bac Lieu, tai xa VTnh Thinh, huyen Hda Binh, ngudi dan td chirc le hgi Nghinh Ong vao ngay miing 8-9-10 thang gieng am Ijch hang nam.
Den nay. nam 2016, le hdi Nghmh Ong d vimg nay chi mdi td chuc den lan thu V (trong khi le hdi Nghinh Ong d Ganh Hao da td chuc den lan thu XIII).
Dien trinh le hgi Nghinh Ong tai xa VTnh Thjnh cd khac so vdi le hgi Nghinh Ong d Ganh Hao vi tat ca cac nghi Ie deu nham tdn thd ddi tugng chfnh la ca Ong, va thuc hien nghi le rude nude rat dac biet.
Le hgi Nghinh Ong noi day tuy dien ra vdi quy md nhd hon so vdi le hdi Nghinh Ong tai thj tran Ganh Hao nhung ciing dugc Ban td chirc thuc hien kha tdt ca phan Le va phln Hgi. Le hdi da dap ung nhu cau tin nguong, tam linh ciia ngudi dan dia phuong, dac biet la ngu dan d xa VTnh Thinh. Le hdi lai dugc md ra vao dip dau nam mdi nen thu hiit ddng dao ngudi dan tham du.
2.2.4. Le hoi Ciing Bien
Tai Bae Lieu, ngoai tin ngudng Quan Am Nam Hai, tin ngudng Ca Ong, trong dd, ngudi dan trao truyen niem tin vao mdt ddi tugng cu the, cd hinh hai cu the. Duy nh4t tai xa Hiep Thanh, thanh phd Bac Lieu, ngudi dan gui niem tin tam linh vao mgt vi nhien than, dd la than Bien.
Theo ngudi dan noi day cho biit, tin ngudng than Bien da an sau vao tam thuc THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
Nghien cttu khoa hpc '7kajig 01 tiam2011
ngudi dan tii htog tram nam nay. Ke til khi mdi khai hoang lap ip, khi ho din day cu ngu, sdng bing nghi biln, nuong tua bien, thi hp da tdn thd vi thin biln thieng lieng.
Vi thin nay khdng cd mot hinh hai cu thi, khdng dupe ngudi dto ven biln lap miSu thd, khdng cd bai vi trong nha, hoSc tren tau, ghe... ma chi dupe ngudi dto td chile ll ciing mdi ntoi mpt lin, va hien nay, ll nay da phat triin thtoh mdt ll hdi ciing biln vdi quy md nhd.
Mdt dilm dac biSt la, chi cd ngudi Khmer ven biln Bac Lieu mdi tin tudng va tdn thd vi thin n4y, cdn ngudi Vi$t va ngudi Hoa thi chi tin ngudng Quto Am Nam Hai va Ca Ong.
Hon trtai ntoi qua, cijr den ngay 15- 16/4 toi lich bang ntoi, ngudi dto Khmer thudc ip Biln Ddng B, xa Vinh Trach Ddng, thanh phd Bac Lieu lai tu hpp cung nhau tai day dit ven bd bien de td chile ciing bien, eto an.
Din budi chiiu cung ngay, Ichotog tu 16 gid, khi ntog chieu dto nhat, ngudi dan cung den day dat sat me bien, hp trai nhimg chile chiiu, nhiing ttoi vai bat de bay bien thiic Cling. Nghi thilc nay do ngudi dto tu tiln hanh. Khdng ai bao ai, tit ca hp diu y thiic to mSc chinh te, ngdi chap tay vai lay hudng ra biln ca menh mdng. Nhimg cto thi tham khto nguyen chuyen ehd niem tin ttoi linh cua hp ddi vdi vi thto biSn linh thieng.
Sau dd hp vl du ll ciu an theo nghi thuc phat giao Nam tdng ciia ngudi Khmer;
tham du phin Hpi vdi phin trinh diln nghe thuat sto khiu Khmer djc sic va cac trd choi
dto gian ciia tre con.
2.3. Dac trirng ll hoi viing ven bien Bac Lieu
2.3.1. L I hoi a?m chit tSm linh, ton sung tinh mau
Cd thi ndi Ll hpi Quto Am Nam Hai la ll hdi tdn siing tinh miu, Ie hdi chiia dung net dac tnmg rieng cua vung ven bien Bac Lieu. Theo sir tim hiiu ciia chiing tdi thi den nay chi cd viing bd biln Bjc Lieu to chiic le hpi Quto Am Nam Hai, va Quto Am Nam Hai d day dupe gpi la Me Nam Hai. Trong ttoi thilc ciia ngudi dto nai day, Ba la mot nii thin biln, mpt Ba Me tax sd, chii khdng don thuin la mdt vi Bd Tat.
Ben canh dd, ll hpi Nghinh Ong cung lien quan din viec thi hi?n su tdn simg tinh mlu. Theo Phan Thi Yin Tuyet, nhilu ngu dto cho ring ca Ong la mdt sinh vat d bien thudc loai bilu nhii, de con va hp cho rtog gidi tinh cua ca Ong la nO. Theo hp, "Cd Ong la nir, ngai giao phoi vai con Rong tren trai nen rat linh thieng", "Do Ong mdi me nhqc nhan ra vao giua bien khai vd ba de dm ngudi bi nan tren bien nen Ong bi say thai roi "luy", cdn cdc cd Ong con do chua dit ngay thang ra dai nen khi me "luy ", cdc Ong cimg "luy"
theo me, vi vgy ngu ddn cUng lap lang, mieu tha cdc Ong Long, dng Khai" [3; tr.409].
Ngudi dto Bac Lieu cCing kl: "Vi doc het sue cim vat nguai vd tdu be nen Cd Ong gdn nhu kiet siirc, cong vai viec bi say thai do bai qud nhieu nen Cd Ong chet ngay t(ii hien Cdy Bdng. Nha an Ong, nguai ddn dd lap mieu thd tgi dp Chdm Xoai, xa Hiep Thank tinh Bgc Lieu . Tqi ddy, nhdn ddn vdn gS THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
<7hdiig. 01 luknt 2017 Nghien cvtu khoa hgc
duac bd xuorng Cd Ong vd coi do nhir mot vdt de tha. Cdc con cua Ong bi chet do sdy thai cUng duac lap mieu tha a bien Gd Cdt" [1;
tr.28].
Phai ndi rang muc do tdn siing Mau va nii than d viing ven bien Bac Lieu rdt day dac. Dgc theo vimg ven bien tir chiia Xiem Can den Lang Ong Ganh Hao, khap nai ddu cd thd Cling Mau va nir thin trong nhung hinh tugng nhu Phat Ba Nam Hai, Ba Thuy, Ba Chiia Xu, Ba Thien Hau. Kd ca trong thdi gian diln ra le hdi Quan Am Nam Hai, dgc bd bien cung cd cac le khac danh cho eac Mlu va nil thSn nhu ll via Ba Chiia Xu, Id via Ngii Hanh Nuong Nuong.
Cd the ndi, day !a mdt dac trung co ban, cung ia net rat dac biet ma chi vimg ven biln Bac Lieu mdi cd. Bdi vi tat ca cac viing ven bien khac trong ca nude khdng cd hien tugng nay. Cac noi khac thudng cd su hon dung van hda r^t Idn trong thuc hien ll hdi. Va ddi vdi hg, le hdi viing ven bien cd ca le hdi thd Mlu.
Nii- than, cd le hdi thd Nam than.... hoac cac le hdi mdi nhu Ie hdi Nho d Ninh Thuan, chir khdng thuan nhat ia le hdi tdn siing tinh m^u nhu d viing ven bien Bac Lieu.
2.3.2. Le hgi cdn luu giCr net van hoa nguyen thiiy
Dac trung nay ndi trdi nhat la d Id hdi Cling Bien ciia ngudi Khmer. Le hdi nay diln ra nhu mdt hinh thiic tdn giao nguyen thu}.
Tdn giao nguyen thiiy la cum tir dimg de chi cac hinh thai tdn giao xuat hien trong xa hdi nguyen thiiy, nhu: Td tem giao. Bai vat giao, ma thuat...
Giai thich ve su xuat hien cua tdn giao nguyen thiiy, cac nha khoa hgc cho rang dd la do cac dac diem ve tu duy ciia con ngudi nguyen thiiy, vi hg ludn cam thay the gidi xung quanh nhu mdt thuc the cd linh hdn [2;
tr.343-344]. Edward Burnet Tyior - mdt hgc gia ngudi Anh, da ggi day ia '"Van vat hiiu linh", Cho nen mdt trong nhijng dac diem quan trgng ciia tdn giao nguyen thiiy chinh la ngudi cd thudng tdn thd cac ddi tugng vat chat, cac hien tugng tu nhien... hg cho rang van vat cd linh hdn, hg thudng gan cho chiing nhtmg thudc tinh sieu nhien. Trong dd, nhung gi lam ngudi thdi cd khiep sg, lam cho hg chua thdng hieu, chua che ngu dugc, thi hg se thd ciing ddi tugng va tii do hinh thanh tdn giao.
Quan sat, xem xet cac nghi thuc, tiln trinh ciing le, trd chuyen vdi ngudi dan dia phuang, vdi cac su trong ehiia Xiem Can, chiing tdi nhan ra rang tue ciing biln ciia ngudi Khmer nai day cdn dam dac tinh nguyen thuy, hay ndi khac hem, dd chinh la mdt hinh thiic ciia tdn giao nguyen thiiy. Bd:
ie thirc ciing bien nai day khdng diln ra tai bat ky mdt eo sd thd tu nao, ma chi diln ra tai mdt dai dat trdng eon hoang so sat me biln, ngudi Cling bien ngdi ddi dien vdi mgt viing trdi nude menh mdng. Dia dilm diln ra ll Cling bien tai Bac Lieu han tram nam nay van khdng he thay ddi. Ddng thdi, nghi thiic ciing cue k> don gian, do ngudi dan tu lam, hoan toan khdng cd su tham gia cua chinh quydn dia phuong nhu hau khap cac ll hdi ngay nay.
Them niia, hg chi ciing bai ma khdng thd, hon nii:a, vj than ma hg hudng din la vj thin tu nhien, vj than bien ca. Hg khdng cin bidt THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
Nghien ciJlu khoa hgc CThdiif 01 Hditi20i;
do la nam than hay nil than, ciing khdng nghi den viec hinh dung ra dung mao ciia vi than bien qua mpt hinh hai cu the nao nhu cac nai khac. Tinh nguyen thiiy dupe the hien d day rat rd. Hp dan gian nghi nghe nao thi co vi than ciia nghe ay trdng coi, vi nhu lam rupng, canh tac nuong ray thi cd thto ndng, cdn hg lam nghe bien thi co thto bien.
Mot dieu dac biet la ciing sdng ven bien, lam nghe di bien, nhung cu dto nai day han tram nam nay vto chua he chiu toh hudng bdi tin ngudng thd ciing ca Ong, than bien ciia hp khong he chuyen vao hinh tupng ca Ong, va dieu nay chi duy nhat diln ra nai day (tlie Ap Bien Ddng B, thtoh phd Bac Lieu), vi cac noi khac ciia viing ven bien Bac Lieu diu cd tin ngudng ca Ong rit manh me.
2.3.3. Le hoi the hien su giao Iiru, tiip bien van hda vd cung manh me
Trong qua trinh td chiic ll hpi, xu hudng hpc hdi cac nghi le giira cac ll hpi dien ra thudng xuyen, dan din su giao luu, tiip biln vto hda, do la diiu duong nhien. Tuy nhien, ndi ve vto dl nay, chiing toi chu y nhilu din le hpi Nghinh Ong tai Ltog Ong Duyen Hai thuoc xa Vinh Thinh. Cho din thdi dilm nay (2016), le hpi Nghinh Ong noi day mdi chi dupe lo chuc din lin thii V, nhung theo quan sat ciia chiing tdi, ll hpi nay chua dung nhilu bieu hien giao luu va biln ddi vto hda rit dac biet.
Thii nhit, do la bilu hien giao luu vto hda trong ll hpi Nghinh Ong d Bac Lieu vdi tuc rude nude tai vimg ddng bang Sdng Hdng. Thii hai, dd la bilu hien giao luu vdi nghi le cung co hdn, tiic ciing vong linh. Cudi
cung, trong Ltog Ong Duyen Hai d Bac Lieu, chiing tdi chii y din su phdi tu giiia Ca Ong, Quan Am Nam Hai va Quan Cdng. Dieu nay da tao nen diu in vto hda rit rieng ciia le hoi vung ven bien Bac Lieu.
Ngoai ra, chiing tdi cung mudn noi them ve trudng hop le hpi Quan Am Nam Hai, chi tiet ma chiing tdi chii y nhat chinh la ngay dien ra le hpi, dd la ngay 22-23-24/3 am lich htog nam.
Chiing ta biet rtog ngay le via Quan Am hang nam la vao 19/2, 19/6 va 19/9 am lich, tucmg ung vdi viec Quan Am Dto sanh, Thtoh dao va Xuat gia. Tai Quto Am Phat Dai vao ba ngay nay trong nam ciing diu co le via Quan Am nhu truyen thong. Nhung ben canh do lai chpn ngay 22-23-24/3 am lich hang nam de td chuc Le hdi Quto Am Nam Hai. Ngay chinh la ngay 23/3.
Dieu chiing tdi mudn ndi la 23/3 am lich chinh la ngay sinh ciia Ba Thien Han, hay Thien Hau Thtoh Miu.
Vay ngay ll hdi Quto Am Nam Hai lai dupe chpn diing ngay sinh va sau nay cung la ngiiy via Ba Thien Hau, Ba cung la mpt nS than bien, chuyen dp tri cho ngu dto,
Ddng thdi cung trong khotog thoi gian nay, tile la tir 22-23-24/3 am lich thi o vung ven bien Bac Lieu cdng diln ra cac le via ddi vdi cac Mau va nu thin khac nhu tren chiing tdi da cd dl cap. Hien tupng nay chi diln ra tai viing ven biln Bac Lieu. So vdi cac vung miin khac trong ca nude, ll hpi noi day dien ra su giao luu, tiip biln vto hdarll dac biet giiia cac dto tpc sdng trong vtog vi giua ngudi dan bto dia vdi ngudi dto dint*
THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DW
'Jhdng.OI iiain2011 Nghien cvtu khoa bgc
cac vimg mien khac nhau cua ca nude.
2.4. Gia trj ciia le hoi viing ven bien B9C Lieu
2.4.1. Tbifc hien chirc nang an djnh tinh than cho khach hanh hirong
Ngay ttr thud hdng hoang, khi loai ngudi xuSt hi?n, thi nhiing hinh thiic ll hpi cung bat dau hinh thtoh. L l hdi viing ven bien Bac Lieu chii yeu la ll hpi tin ngudng, tdn giao, ll hdi cua nilm tin ttoi linh, do dd cd chijc ntog an dinh tinh thto.
Tai vung ven biln Bac LiSu, cac hinh thUc tin ngudng, tdn giao ludn ludn cto thilt va tham chi la rit cto thilt cho cudc sdng cua ho. Bdi nhung chuyin ra khai thudng chiia sky hilm hoa, con ngudi khd thi tien doto, ciing nhu khd thi chdng tra trudc nhiing con thinh no ciia bien ca. Cupc mim sinh btoi bien thudng Itoi khd khto, nhilu bit tr&c. Vi le do cac le hdi tin nguong, tdn giao vimg ven bien B^c Lieu duac thuc hien va thu hiit ddng dao khach phucmg xa la vi cac ll hdi nay dap ling nhu cto ttoi linh, cd chiic ntog an dinh tinh thto cho con ngudi trong cudc sdng lim khd khto, nhilu bit trie.
2.4.2. Thirc hien chirc nang dieu chinh hanh vi va boi dir&ng tinh cam dao di^c
Tdn giao vdn cd chiic ntog diiu chinh hanh vi, bdi trong tdn giao cd nhilu gia tri tdt dep ve dao diic, vto hda, cd kha ntog giao hda, tac ddng, diiu chmh nhilu htoh vi lech chuan ciia con ngudi, hudng con ngudi din cac gia tri cua Chto - Thien - M5'.
a viing ven biln Bac Lieu, Phat giao va cac tin ngudng dto gito chi phdi, toh hudng
manh me den ddi sdng ciia con ngudi. Cd the ndi la gto bd thiet thto vai nhiing ho^t ddng thudng ngay ciia cu dto ven biln.
Mdi ntoi, cii den ngay le hdi ciing Thin Bien, hto hSt khap xdm ltog deu tg tuu d day dit ven biln, gin khu vuc chiia dl Itoi ll ciing biln, cto an. Ciing nhan ll ciing biln nay, cac Su tiing kinh thuylt phap, cau sieu cho ngudi mang vong nai biln ca; cac Su day ddng bao phai biit tuang thto tuang ai ehdn khai xa.
Nhitng ldi giao huin dd thim dim trong ttoi thirc ngudi dto Khmer ven biln Bac Lieu bao ddi nay.
Din vdi Ll hpi Nghmh Ong duoc td chiic d thi trin Gtoh Hao, huyen Ddng Hai, chiing tdi dupe tan mit chimg kiln nghi thilc tha tdm gidng xudng biln. Viec tha tdm gidng cd y nghia ring ngudi dto miin biln Ddng Hai cd long nhto hau, biit nudi dudng sir sdng cho mudn loai. Hp cdn cho biit, niu cii dudi bit mai ma khdng hoto lai con gidng cho biln ca, thi rdi cd ngay biln ca se bto rtog con ngudi vd on, se ndi gi|n va khdng cho tdm ca day khoang cho mdi chuyin thuyen.
That ra thi dd chinh la dtog dap cua tuc phdng sinh da cd bao ddi nay, bit ngudn tir kinh Phat Dai Thira, lien quan din truyin thuylt vl mpt Sa Di nhd ciiu dupe biy kiln ma thoat nan ylu menh, hojc viec Ph|t Thich Ca ciiu sdng bay ca, v.v... Tir dd, mdi khi cd dip le hpi, khi mudn cto may, mudn giai n^,v.v... con ngudi thudng thuc hien nghi thirc phdng sinh.
d vimg ven bien Bac Lieu, do dac thu ciia ll hdi Nghinh Ong - ll hpi ciia miin biln, T H 6 N G TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
Nghien cHu khoa hgc ^hdiUf 01 itant 201'A
nen ngudi dan chgn tdm gidng de phdng sinh, vira tich luy dugc cdng due. vira cd the tai tao ngudn lgi thiiy san.
2.4.3. Giir vfrng va lam phong phii ddi song van hoa ciia cir dan ven bien
Tdn giao, tin ngudng la mdt bd phan cau thanh van hda. Nhirng sinh boat tdn giao, tin ngudng viing ven bien Bac Lieu da gdp phan giii; vtrng va lam phong phii ddi sdng van hda cua cu dan noi day.
Cac le hdi vimg ven bien Bac Lieu nhu le hdi Quan Am Nam Hai, le hdi Nghinh Ong, le hgi ciing Bien, tii lau da trd thanh sinh hoat van hda dan gian truyen thdng ciia cu dan noi day. Cac le hgi nay ludn nhan dugc su quan tam ciia chinh quyen dia phuong. nhan dugc su chi dao td chirc le hdi tin ngudng gan vdi viec bao tdn van hda truyen thdng cua dan tdc.
Mdi le hdi dien ra tir hai den ba ngay.
Nhieu boat ddng dugc td chirc phii hgp theo tirng giai doan khac nhau ciia ie hdi. Cac tilt muc miia Lan Su Rdng, hat bdi, cac trd choi dan gian... dugc ngudi dan dac biet yeu thich.
2.4.4. Ho trg- phat trien du lich viing ven bien
Sd dT ndi cac ll hgi vimg ven biln Bac Lieu cd gia trj hd trg trong phat triin du lich vimg ven bien. dd la bdi vi \k\ ca cac hoat ddng du Ijch ven bien Bae Lieu hien nay ph^n Idn deu bat nguon tir nhu ciiu tam linh cua ngudi dan Irong va ngoai tinh.
Phat hien thay nhiing Chiia, Milu dgc theo ven bien Bac Lieu la ngudn tai nguyen du Ijch vd ciing hap dan, Sd \'an hda Thi thao
va Du Ijch tinh Bac Lieu da nhan djnh: ''Bgc Lieu CO nhimg tdi nguyen du lich vdn hoa tdm linh CO pham vi dnh hu&ng Ion doi vai ddn cu Bgc Lieu vd cd viing Ddng bdng Song Cim long. Cdc tdi nguyen ndy c6 khd ndng phdt trien thdnh cdc sdn phdm du lich hdp ddn, thu hut dong dao khach du lich'\ do chinh la ""Qudn Am Phdt Ddi... Ddy Id mot trong nhung dia diem hdnh huang noi tieng trong viing Dong bdng Song Ciru Long, hdng nam thu hut hang van heat khdch, ddc biet trong cdc dip le hoi"; hay tuc thd Ca Ong, ''Le hoi Nghinh Ong Gdnh Hdo Id mot su kien van hoa lan, thu hut rdt dong nguai den tham t/i/"
[5;tr.l5].
Nhu vay, xuat phat tir nhu cau tin ngudng ciia cu dan va ngu dan ven bien Bac Lieu, loai hinh du Ijch tam linh d Bac Lieu da rat phat trien, mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao, cai thien ddi sdng ngudi dan, dap ling nhu cau hudng thu van hda ciia ngudi dan.
Nhirng thanh tuu ve kinh te - van hoa- xa hdi viing ven bien Bac Lieu cd su ho tro dang ke tir cac boat ddng ll hdi noi day
Ve van hda, mdt sd hoat ddng tdn giao, tin ngudng viing ven bien Bac Lieu hd trg tich cue cho viec hinh thanh ddi song van hoa tdt dep cho nhan dan, nhdc nhd nhirng gia tri truyen thdng cua dan tdc.
2.5. Giai phap phat huy gia tri cua le hgi viing ven bien Bac Lieu
2.5.1. Xay dung, hoan thien khong gian td chiVc le hoi
Khdng gian td chirc ll hdi cd vai tro dac biet quan trgng trong vice phat huy gia trj THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
^hdtiQ 01 itatu 2017 Nghien cvtu khoa hgc
cua le hdi, bdi ngudi dan den tham du le hdi la nham thoa man nhieu nhu cau khac nhau nhu tin ngudng, ket ndi cdng ddng, thu gian.
vui choi giai tri, mua sam, thudng thiic cac hoat ddng van hda nghe t h u a t . . . Do dd, mdt khdng gian td chiic le hdi dugc thiet ke phii hgp se gdp phan quan trgng trong viec dap ling tat ca cac nhu cau dd cua ngudi tham du le hdi.
Khi xay dung, hoan thien khdng gian td chiic le hgi, can luu y can ddi giira kinh phi va thiet ke xay dung. Ddng thdi cac thiet ke xay dung can dugc nghien cim can than, cd su ddng gdp y kien cua cac chuyen gia de chuyen tai tdt nhat cac y tudng xay dung len ban ve va hoan thien trong thuc te, tranh de xay ra sai sdt. gay lang phi ma hieu qua khdng cao.
2.5.2. O n dinh quy t r i n h td c h u c le hgi va da d a n g hda cac hoat d o n g p h d h g p voi muc dich, y nghTa ie hgi
Ban td chirc le hdi nen cd su thao luan ddi vdi cac sd ban nganh cd lien quan, vdi CEIC nha nghien ciiu van hda. cac cdng ty du Ijch de thiet ke mdt quy trinh Id chirc le va cung de da dang hda cac hoat ddng trong phan hgi de thu hut du khach.
Khi da thiet lap ke hoach, trudc khi td chirc le hdi nen cd cudc hgp phan cdng cac Ban de phu trach viec chuan hi thuc hien cac phan Le va Hdi. Ddng thdi, khi da cd quy trinh td chiic !e hdi dn dinh thi Ban td chiic nen cd gang tuan theo, cd the riit kinh nghiem tirng nam de chinh sira cac hoat ddng nhung khdng lam anh hudng den qu\' trinh chung.
Ve phan Hdi, can luu y da dang cac
hoat ddng de dap irng nhu cau vui choi giai tri, thudng thirc van hda van nghe ciia ngudi tham du le hdi. Khi thiet ke cac boat ddng can ehii y den cac ddi tugng khach la ngudi dja phuang, ngudi ngoai tinh, khach du Ijch, khach nude ngoai.
Tdm lai, viec td chirc le hdi can dam bao khdng gian thieng, khdng coi nhe, han che phan nghi le, khdng qua dan gian phan hdi. Cac khau cua le hdi can dugc tinh toan tdi viec tao dieu kien ddng vien, thu hiit de ngudi den le hgi cd dieu kien trai nghiem, sang tao chir khdng don thuan chi thu ddng tham gia quan sat. chup anli, kndng hda ddng vdi cdng ddng. khdng cam nhan dugc khdng khi thieng ciia hdi. Ngoai nhtmg chuong trinh mang dac trung rieng cua dia phucmg, ciing cd chuong trinh thu hiit ddng dao sy tham gia cua du khach, tao tinh boat nao trong le hdi.
2.5.3. T a n g c u o n g cong tac q u a n ly le hoi
Ddi vdi tat cac boat ddng ciia le hdi deu phai dugc quan ly chat che. tranh de ra sai pham trong cdng tac td chiic, trong cac hoat ddng ciia le hdi theo quy djnh phap luat.
Do muc dich tdt dep ciia viec td chiic le hgi, theo y nguyen ciia mdi ngudi dan. bao dam net van hda truyen thdng dan tdc va ciia dja phuong, ghi nhan cdng lao va hgc tap tru\en thdng ciia cac bac tien nhan trong Ijch sir. giao due nang cao y thiic trach nhiem ciia mdi ngudi ddi vdi dat nude ndi chung, dja phuang ndi rieng, cau mong cho dan giau, nude thjnh, ca nhan va gia dinh nhiing dieu tdt lanh va hanh phiic. Do vay cdng tac quan ly le hdi ludn dugc coi trgng \ a chi dao chat
THONG TIN KHOA HOC G U O DT'C
Nghien cvtu khoa hgc ^hdiia 01 itdttL 2017
che bao dam cho ngudi dan tham gia le hdi thuc su van minh, an toan, tilt kiem va viec td chirc ll hdi dat muc dich tdt dep neu tren.
2.5.4. Dao tao, boi dirdng doi ngu quan ly van hoa \l hgi va doi ngu thuc hien nghi le trong le hoi
v l ddi ngu can bd quan ly van hda ll hgi, phai thing than nhin nhan rang nang luc quan ly, td chiic cac hoat ddng le hdi cua can bd van hda ca sd d nhieu dia phuang cdn han chi, vki nhieu can bd khdng cd trinh do chuyen mdn, khdng am hieu cac gia tri van hda ciia le hdi, khdng am hieu cac bieu tugng, y nghia ciia cac thuc hanh nghi le, dan den viec quan ly van hda le hdi chua hieu qua.
Can tang cudng dao tao ngudn nhan luc d nhieu cap do khac nhau, cd kha nang ddc lap nghien ciru, chi dao thuc tien, biet each tham khao kinh nghiem d cac dia phuang khac, cd kha nang tham muu xay dung cac van ban mang tinh chat quan ly dac thii. Ben canh dd, can dao tao ddi ngu cd kha nang viet kjch ban le hdi, xay dung chuong trinh, de an ie hdi.
Nhirng ngudi dugc dao tao, nhung chuyen gia cd tri thuc ve van hda ll hdi, nhirng ngudi cd chuyen mdn can dugc phan cdng de lam viec vdi ban td chiic vl quy trinh td chirc le hdi, lam ndi bat gia tri cdt ldi ciia le hdi d dja phuong minh, phan cdng cac ddi tugng phii hgp dl thuc hanh nghi Ie, nham gin giir, phat huy dugc net dgp van hda vdn cd ciia le hdi va giao due truyin thdng cho the he sau.
Bac Lieu can tap huan ve cac nguyen tac, quy che, kien thirc chuyen mdn vl quan
ly ll hdi cho can bd chuyen trach ban van hda xa phudng, can bg doan thd. Tran trgng va phat huy ddi ngu ngudi Idn tudi, cd kinh nghiem to chirc ll hgi, nghe nhan dan gian, thIy ciing am hiiu vd ll hdi cd truyin trong tham gia td chirc, quan ly le hdi cung nhu truydn day tri thirc ll hdi cho Idp tre trong cdng ddng.
2.5.5. Phat trien md hinh du lich van hoal^hoi va tang cudng cong tac quang ba le hoi, kich cau du lich
Cac ll hdi vdn la ngudn tai nguyen du Ijch vd ciing hap dan, do dd viec khai thac cac gia trj van hda le hdi trong du lich tir lau da dugc thuc hien. Ben canh dd, thdng qua hoat ddng du Ijch, cac gia trj van hda le hoi dugc bao tdn va phat huy.
C) Bac Lieu, cac le hgi viing ven bien chinh la nhirng san pham du Ijch van hda het siie dac biet, do vay can dugc khai thac mgt each hgp ly de phat huy gia trj cua nhirng le hdi nay.
De phat huy cd hieu qua cac gia trj van hda ciia le hdi viing ven bien Bac Lieu, chiing ta can thuc hien cac boat ddng xuc tien du Ijch van hda thdng qua sy hgp tac vdi cac don vi, vimg mien khac trong ca nude. Sy hgp tac nay trudc het se tao ra cac tuyen du lich van hda cd tinh lien viing, lien ket phat trien du Ijch giiia cac vimg du Ijch; giira du lich Bac Lieu vdi cac tinh thanh khac cua Viet Nam thdng qua mgt sd chuong trinh cu thi.
Ben canh do can tang cudng cdng tac quang ba gia trj ciia le hgi va cac chuong trinh dugc thyc hi?n trong ll hdi, do chinh la mdt trong nhung phuang thirc giiip phat huy THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAn mir
^hditg. 01 iiatti 2017 i\gnien cuu Knoa ngc
cd hieu qua cac gia tri le hdi viing ven b i l n Tang cudng su hgp tac, tranh thu sy Bac Lieu. hd trg ciia cac td chirc trong va ngoai tinh de
2.5.6. Tang cudng s u ph6i hap giira ^ang cudng nang luc tham gia ciia cdng ddng cac luc lugng trong viec gin giu va phat ^^o boat ddng du lich le hdi tai Bac Lieu, huy gia tri ciia le hoi
Viec td chiic va quan ly le hdi vdn do nhieu chu the ciing tham gia nhu: Uy ban nhan dan. Ban quan ly di tich. Ban trj su co sdthd tu, v.v...
: cai thien sinh ke, nang cao miic sdng cho ngudi dan.
3. K i t luan
Le hdi viing ven bien Bac Lieu cang ngay cang thu hiit ddng dao ngudi dan trong Ngoai ra, de gin giir va phat huy gia trj va ngoai tinh tham gia. Le hdi noi day la mdt ciia Ie hdi la nhd vao nhieu luc lugng khae hinh thiic sinh boat van hda khdng the thieu nhau, ben canh chinh quyen dja phuong, Ban trong ddi sdng ngu dan va cu dan vimg ven quan ly. Ban td chirc le hdi, cdn cd cac nha biln. Moi l l hdi d i u mang nhimp Ac thai van dau tu khai thac du lich, d i n cac tilu thuang hda rieng, lam nen nhung dac trung khdng budn ban, cung cdp cac djch vu quanh Ie hdi. t h i ISn vdi mdt sd l l hdi khac trong ca nude, va ca ngudi dan, du khach trong l l hdi. Cac ll hdi nay cd gia tri khdng chi trong ddi Dac biet, cSn tao d i i u kien thuan lgi d l sdng tam linh, tinh than cua ngudi dan, ma cdng ddng cd t h i tham gia vao qua trinh quy cdn lam phong phii ddi sdng van hda va ddng hoach va giam sat thyc hien quy hoach phat gdp vao sy phat trien kinh te, du lieh cua dja trien du Ijch van hda le hdi. noi ma cudc sdng phuong. Do vay can thyc hien cac giai phap cua hg gan lien. de bao tdn. phat huy gia tri ciia le hdi noi day.
TAI LIEU TH.\M K F U O
1. Chu Xuan Dien (Chu bien), 2005. Van hoc ddn gian Bac Lieu, N\b Van nghe Tp. HCM.
2. Do Minh Hgp - Nguyen Anh Tuan - Nguyen Thanh - Le Hai Thanh, 2005. Ton gido - Ly ludn xira vd nay, Nxb Tong hgp TP. HCM.
3 Phan Thi Yen Tuyet, 2006. 77m hiiu vdn hoa biin lgi Nam bo. Ky \ eu hoi thao Dong bdng Song Ciru Long: thirc trang vd gidi phdp di trd thdnh vung trong diem phdi triin kinh ti, Truong DH KHXH va NV, Dai hoc Qu6c gia TPHCM.
4. Le Trung Vu, Le Hong Ly, 2005. Li hoi Viil Nam, Nxb Van hoa Thdng tin, HN.
5. Sa Van hoa The thao vaDu lich tinh Bac Lieu. 2013. Quy hooch phdt triin ngdnh du lich linh Bgc Lieu den ndm 2020, lam nhin din ndm 2030. Bao cao tong hpp du an, Bac Lieu.
6. Hgi Van nghe dan gian Viet Nam, 2008, Vdn hoa biin miin Trung vd van hoa bien Toy Nam Bo.
Nxb Tir dien Bach Khoa. HN.
THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
