vtng nang cao nang lUc van chuyen Giai phap hdp ly hoa mang Itfdfi tuyen vdn tai hanh khach cdng cong bang xe buyt d Ha Nfii dap

KHOA H O C - C O N G N G H |

Giai phap hdp ly hoa mang Itfdfi tuyen vdn tai hanh khach cdng cong bang xe buyt d Ha Nfii dap vtng nang cao nang lUc van chuyen

• T S . NGUYEN THANH CHl/ONG Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thong v0n tai

Tdm t i t : Nhtfng ndm gin day, khii iugng v$n tai hdnh khdeh cdng cdng (VTHKCC) bang xe buft cda Hd Ngi cd xu hudng chtfng Igi vd gidm, trong khi dd phUdng tiin cd nhan (d td con, xe mdy) tdng mit cdch nhanh ehdng, gdy ra UTGT trong thdnh phi. Cd nhiiu nguydn nhdn Idm cho khii lugng v$n tdi hdnh khdeh giam, trong dd cd nguydn nhin vi ning Itfc phgc vg cda mgng ludi tuyin. Do v$y, bdl bdo nghien ctfu vi quy trinh xdc djnh mgng Itfdi tuyen, dp dgng cdc dgng vd ciu trOc eua mgng ludi tuyin trong diiu kign cua Ha Ngi ve phii hgp gitfa cdc tuyin xe bu^t trong mgng vd vdi cdc phUdng thtfc v$n tdi khii lugng Idn di ndng cao ndng Itfc phge vg nhu ciu di Igi trong thdnh phi.

Tit khoa: Mgng ludi tuyin vdn til hanh khdeh edng cing, xe bup.

Abstract: In recent years, bus transport mass ol Hanoi tends to decrease while private means ot transport (car, motorbike) accelerate causing the traffic jam In the city. There are a lot ol causes lor the decrease of passenger transport, one of which Is the service capacity of route network. Therefore, the article studies on procedures to define route network, applying forms and structures ol route network in the condition ol Hanoi to combine bus routes in the network to means of mass transport in order to Improve the capacity of transport service in the city.

Keywords: Route network of public passenger transportation, bus.

c h u y i n g i n 1,3 trieu lupt khach/ngdy, tuy nhifin d i n ndm 2015 cd xu hudng gidm. Sdn lupng v$r tdi cfla ede t u y l n trp gia dUde trinh bdy trong H(n/i

1.1.

V e m g n g ludi t u y e n hien nay tdp trung chiS y e u tgi edc qudn npi thdnh tU vanh dai 3 tro vAo (8 qudn), ede t u y l n hudng tdm vd xde djnh tSm chfl yeu Id khu vUc qudn Hodn K i l m , mdc dii hiSn nay edc t u y l n xe buyt da d i n 15 huydn da c6 die t u y l n bw^t va cdn Igi 7 huyen ehua ed tuyln bujt.

Ngoai ra, mgng lUdi edc tuyen buyt l<e can da M.ii noi vdi edc dja phUdng ldn cdn nhU: B i c Ninh, Ha N a m , H d i D U d n g , Hung Y d n . Nhu vdy, cd t h i nh$ii thd'y, d i n nay, vdi mgng ludi VTHKCC bing xe buyt efla Hd Npi dang v a n hdnh dd cd xu hiJdng chflng Igi vd gidm d i n , lihdi lupng vdn chuydn 5 mfle cao dgt g i n 500 trieu luot tianh khdeh 1 nSm.

Mdt trong nhu'ng nguyen nhdn Idm dnh hudng dfin sdn lupng gidm dd Id mdc dp hpp ly' efla mgng lLl6i t u y l n hidn nay khai thde ehua thuc sp hi^u quS rf khdi IUdng van chuyen. Mat khde, giai dogn 2016 - 2020, mgng ludi VTHKCC d Hd Ndi se dUpc M sung thdm cdc t u y l n v d n tdi khdi lUpng ldn nhiJ BRT (Bus Rapid Trasit) va tuyen dUdng s i t d6 thj ddi hdi cd cdch thfle qudn ly vd d i l u ehfnh mgng ludi t u y l n n h i m mang Igi hieu qud cfla hd thdng.

1 . D$t van de

Tfnh den h i t ndm 2015, mgng ludi VTHKCC bdng xe buyt cfla Thu dd Ha Ndi gdm cd 91 t u y l n trong dd 72 t u y l n buj^t ed trp gid (cd 67 t u y l n buyt ddt hang, 5 tuyen dau t h i u ) , 11 tuyen buyt khdng trp gid vd 8 t u y l n buyt ke edn tfl ndm 2010 - 2014 sd lupng tuyen tang 14% (tU 80 t u y l n len 91 tuydn). Ndng Ipc vgn chuyen cfla todn mang ludi vdn hdnh vdi 11.000 lupt xe/ngdy, binh qudn van

Hinh 1.1: Khoi lUtfng v$n ehuyin cua m9ng ludi tuyin giai dogn 2008 - 2015

2. Ndi dung

Hidn tgi, mgng ludi t u y l n VTHKCC bang xe buyt cfla Ha Noi sau 7 nam md rdng tfl ndni 2008 - 2015, quy md s d lupng t u y l n tang 1,5 ISn (60 t u y l n Idn 91 tuyen); sdn IUdng thdi kJ cap nhat (2014) tdng 15%, neu binh qudn tang mdi nam

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KHOA H O C - C 6 N G N G H |

san lUdng van ehuyin khodng trdn 1%. dilu ndy cho thiy mgng tudi tuyen cd md rdng nhUng khoi IUdng v i n chuyin tdng khdng ddng k l . Ddng thdi, trong thdi gian qua, kinh t l - xd hoi cfla Hd N^i dd cd bude phat trien nhanh, lam gia tdng vide sfl dyng phUdng tidn ca nhdn nhu d td con, xe mdy. Vi v^y, trong nhdng ndm qua vd nam 2015, tinh trgng UTGT da d mUe cao, cd nhOng diem da 6 mfle nghidm trpng. Trong giai dogn sau 2016, neu cd bd sung sung them tuyen BRT Kim Md - Ydn NghTa va tuyeh Cat Linh - Ha Ddng thi mgng lUdi tuyln VTHKCC bang xe buyt Id chu yeu. Vl vdy, can cd mot q^uy trinh d l xdc djnh mgng ludi tuyln hpp ly Id cdn thilt. Vdi dieu kidn efla TP.

Ha Ndi, vide xdy dpng va qudn ly mang ludi tuyen cin dupe tht/e hidn theo quy trinh trong sd dd efla Htnh 2.1.

Cdn cU vdo nhu cau efla Ha Ndi da dupe xac djnh theo tdng giai dogn (nhu giai dogn 2016 - 2020), tren cd sd dd cd phuong dn phdn bd nhu cau gifla eae vflng vdn tdi theo md hinh O-D.

Nhigm vy chfnh Id xde dinh cdc trung tdm thu hflt chfnh, qua nghien cdu Hd Ndi cin hinh thdnh cdc cdc trung tam thu hut, tU dd cd eau trflc eua mgng da tdm.

'<c,.

h k i d ^

"^

ylu clu XSc d i r h c ^ cnl Mu nang li;c vgn On^in cCia mang ItiiJi

So 4/2016 tuygn nhanh ciia cac trung tam nh6 se gop phSn giam bdt xung d6t, dong thdi rut ngSn thdi gian chuygn di. Tuy nhi§n, hanh i<hach phSi co quan diem chuyen tuygn, cd nhu vay se rut ngan thdi gian chuyen di cOa hanh l<hach. Cic trung tam nay dJdc coi \i cac ve tinh thu hut Vcio trung tam thanh pho, cac dilm du i<ign theo oac hudng v4o thanh pho nhu: Khu vuc YSn NghTa, Nhon, LiSn Ninh... Ngoai ra, cac trung tam hanh chinh nhu:

Ban PhUdng, Son Tay, Dong Anh, Sdc Son, Chuc Sdn, Thudng Tin, Phu XuySn... cdn ia cac diem trung chuyen idn i<hi cd si/ i<gt noi vdi cac tuygn vftn t4i i<hgl luong Idn.

Phfii h^p yen crtLvSn cSc l w * n i mang luOl K . buvt va phfii liOP v chuydn cdc p h u o n g Uiuc

Hinh 2.1: Quy trinh hgp iy hda mgng ludi tuyin VTHKCC bang xe bu^t d Hd Nil

2.1. Xdc djnh mgng Itfdi tuyin theo hudng da tdm ^ ^ . .

Cdng vide ndy d l khdc phuc edc tuyen ehu y l u Id xuydn tdm, gay ndn fln tie tgi ede nflt hudng tdm. Do vdy, nlu xae djnh da tdm vdi mgng ludi gdm edc tuyln trye kit ndi trung tdm vd ede

Hinh 2.2: Xdc djnh mgng ludi tuyin theo htfdng da tam

2.2. Xae djnh cau true cda mgng Itfdi tuyin Theo cac nghidn edu mang ludi xe buyt tgi cdc dd thj phdt trien ve VTHKCC, eau trflc cfla mang iddi gdm cac tuyen tryc ehinh, tuyln nhanh va tuyln gom. Ddng thdi, khi edc tuyln VTHKCC lien kit vdi nhau hinh thdnh mgng ludi.^vung phyc vy efla moi tuyln gia tdng theo cap sd theo mfle dd lien thdng ve dieh vy vdi ede tuyen khdc.

Thdng thudng id edc tuyen kit ndi gifla cdc trung tdm, ndi giiJa vflng npi dd vdi ben ngodi, Juyin trye xuydn tam vd hudng tdm, edc tuyln ket hpp vdi tuyen nhdnh vd tuyln gom vdng trdn d l hinh thdnh nen mgng ludi tuyen ban d i u . Cae tuyln ed su kit hdp dupe t h i hien trong Hinh 2.3.

Hinh 2.3: Mil quan h$ gitfa tuyin trgc vd tuyin gom

Vdi eau trflc sd bp, can cfl vdo hien trgng cfla mgng ludi tuyln xe buyt de xde dinli vai trd efla

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KHOA H p c - C 6 N G N G H |

he thdng tuyen nhu t u y l n glD vai trd Id t u y l n tryjD, tuyen nhanh, t u y l n gom de cd ddnh gid vd dieu ehfnh eho phu hpp. Khi dieu chfnh mgng ludi can phdi ddm bdo nhfJng nguyen tac sau:

- Cae t u y l n cd k i t noi ddn gidn tao s p thuan ipi eho hanh khdeh, n h i m ddm bdo eho hdnh khdeh sfl d y n g .

- Viee e h u y i n t u y l n efla hanh khach Id thudn ipi n h i t , tgo d i l u kidn e h u y i n tuyen d l ddng ddi vdi ede c h u y i n di efla hdnh khach, giam thdi gian ehd dpi tgi edc diem trung chuyen.

- Ddm bdo tfnh iien thdng efla mgng ludi t u y l n , hudng t u y l n cfla mgng ludi bam sat vdo dieu kidn efla mgng lUdi giao thdng, trong do cae diem trung e h u y i n dupe ndi vdi nhau bang mpt t u y l n buyt cd sflc ehfla Idn.

- Ddm bdo tfnh thudn tien trong tiep edn cfla hdnh khach, ddy dupc coi id tieu chi ddnh gia hidu qud, mUc dd phye vy efla m a n ^ ludi, ddm bdo qudng dUdng t i l p can ngdn nhat, thdi gian ehd dpi nhd n h i t . . .

- Ddm bdo mgng lUdi t u y l n bu^t k i t ndi vdi cac phUdng thflc vdn tdi hdnh khdeh khdc mdt cdch ddng bp vd nhip nhdng, nham tao ndn mdt hd thdng mgng tudi t u y l n VTHKCC tdng t h i hdp ly vd dn khdp.

Vdi eae d i l u kidn trdn cdc t u y l n hidn tgi can dUdc xem xdt vdi d i l u kign efla hg t h i n g giao thdng hidn ed, ede d i l m trung e h u y i n d l tfl dd cd d i l u ehfnh cho thich hpp. Cu t h i nhu d i l u chfnh t u y l n d l gidm hd sd dudng khdng th^ng, gidm thdi gian c h u y i n di cfla hdnh khdeh (Hinh 2.4).

Hinh 2.4: Dieu ehinh 1$ trinh va bo tri Igi tuyin Mdt d i l m e i n trong vide d i l u chTnh Igi mang ludi dd Id cdc diem trung ehuyen, e h u y i n tuyen ddng thdi eung e i p thdng tin de hdnh khdeh thuan tien trong di c h u y i n . Cae diem trung ehuyen ldn se Id ndi chuyen t u y l n , c h u y i n phuong thfle, trong dd ed didu kidn xem xet de hdnh khdeh cd the e h u y i n tfl phuong tidn cd nhdn sang phUdng tidn cdng cpng, N l u xdc djnh d i l m trung c h u y i n , c h u y i n t u y l n hpp ly se Idm tdng ndng Ipc efla mgng lUdi t u y l n , tang tfnh k i t ndi gifla eae khu vpc trong thdnh phd (Hinh 2.5).

trung chuyen dUpe ndi v d i nhau bang 2 t u y l n . Neu IUdng hanh khdeh giOa cde khu p h d ndy cd d i l u kidn khai thde phfl hdp thi dd la phUdng dn ed ehi phf hidu qua hdn va djeh vy ed chd't lUpng cao hdn...

Tuy nhien, hieu q u d eua eau trfle ndy Igi phg thupc rat n h i l u v d o ' t h i l t k l eua trgm trung e h u y i n .

Khi mgng iUdi V T H K C C khdi lUpng ldn se di vdo hogt d d n g , mang lUdl t u y l n xe buyt can cd sp phdi hdp ddi ehieu vdi m g n g tudi vdn tdi khdi lupng ldn, khi dd edc t u y l n nay dUpc eoi Id t u y l n true cfla mang ludi xe buyt.

Mgng ludi t u y l n e i n dupe k i l m chUng bang cac chl tidu khai thde Iw thudt, de tii dd xdc djnh dupc nang Ipe vdn chuyen, mfle dd ddp flng nhu c l u .

D i l u Itien de dua mgng lUdl vdo^hogt dong can cd giai phdp v l phdi hdp b f l u do, thdi gian bieu, phdi hpp v l hg t a n g , d i l m trung chuyin, phdi hpp v l hd thdng vd vd cd mdt hd thdng thfing tin phyc vu hdnh khdeh.

T d m lai, ddi vdi Ha N d i , trong giai dogn trudc mat (2016 - 2020) v a giai dogn tiep theo e i n phdi ed gidi phdp nhdm d i l u chfnh hdp ly hda cua mang ludl t u y l n , ndng eao ndng Ipe khai thde va gidm tdi tuyen b i t hpp iy d l ddp Ung tdt n h i t nhu e l u di Igi vdi d i l u kidn trp gid eho phep •

Tai lieu tham khdo

[1]. Trung tdm Qudn ly vd d i l u hdnh giao thdng dd thj Ha Noi, Bio cio ve v^n tii hanh khich cua Hi Ndi cic nim 2012 - 2015.

[2]. S d GTVT Ha N o i , Bao do vi tinh trgng UTGT cCia Hi Ndi.

[3]. Jago Dodson, Paul Mees, John Stone, Matthew Burke, The Principles of Public Transport Network Planning: A review of the emerging literature with select examples.

[3]. Vukan R.Vuchie (2005), Urban Transit:

Operations, Planning, and Economics, JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.

Ngdy nhdn b a i : 4/3/2016 Ngdy c h i p nhdn d a n g : 4/4/2016 Ngudi phdn bign: P G S . T S . V u Trpng Tfch

PGS. T S . Tir Sy Sfla

r

Hinh 2.5: Xic dinh vi tri diim tmng chuyen de ting nang iuc cua mang iudi tuydn

Hinh 2.5minh hoa cac i<ha nang kgt nd'i gifla 4 V.hu phS. HISn tai 4 i<hu ph6 duoc kgt nSi tryc tigp vdi nhau va oSn phSi cd 6 tuygn buyt, khi cd d i l m

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