Tap chih-'oa ^'jc Cong rgne Ndng nghiip Viit Nam - S6 >
to determine levels and factors affecting the satisfaction of households inside the model. The result showed thai households inside the associate fields had higher yield and profit (7.6% and 31.^%) m comparison to those outside.
The farmers were quite satisfied about participation m the associate fields by the highest scale of Benefit variable (> 4.2) Mam factors affecting the satisfaction were Economy (p = 0.5:,S), Engineering (P=0.373), Personal and Sociely Benefits (|J = 0.156); the Government Policy was the lowest impact on household's satisfaction (|5 = 0.105).
Adjustment of the local supportive pohcies will attract farmer's participation with the associate fields m the future.
Keywords: Associate fields, farm household, satisfaction, Tra On district, Vinh Long province Ngay nhan bai: 02/4/2020 Xguai phan bien: TS Le Quang Long Ngay phan bien: 08/5/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 20/5/2020
TiNH BEN V0NG VA HIEU QUA KINH TE CAC MO HlNH SINH KE N 6 N G HO VUNG LtJ DE BAO KHEP KIN TINH AN GIANG
Lam Thinh Si', Chau My Duyen^
T O M TAT
An Giang Id tinh chiu dnh hfldng dau lien vd trflc tiep lu hdng nam. lii gay ra cac riii ro nhfl gdy ngap ung, thi^t h^i sin xuat, han che giao thong, xoi Id vd dnh hflcmg den sinh ke hp ddn. Nghien cflu sil dung khung sinh kc b^n vflng {DFID, 1999) nham khim pha cac yeu to thflc day vd cdn trfl sinh ke cua nong hp. dong thdi so sich cic nguon Iflc sinh ke hp trong de vd ngodi de nhdm de xuat nhflng giii phdp eho edi thien sinh ke nong hp. Ky thudl iham van ngfldi am hieu (KIP), thdo luan nhom (FGD) vd phong van hp dfltfc sfl dung. 182 ho dan trong vi ngoai de d 02 huy^n An Phfl, Phu Tan vd thi xa Tan Chau, tinh An Giang dfltfc phong van. Cong cu thong ke mo td vi phan tich Anova sfl dung de the hi^n cdc chien Iflfle sinh ke, nguon von sinh ke vd tinh ton Ihfltfng cua chien Iflpc sinh ke, Ket qua nghien cflu chi ra rang, trong dieu kien hien lai ndng ho co ngudn lao dong ddi ddo nhflng sd ngfldi phy thupc nhieu tao kho khan trong ehi phi sinh hoat, trinh dd hpe van d mflc thap, Tuy nhien, ve von ngudn lUc tU nhien, di?n tich sd hflu ciia ede mo hinh thi khae nhau kha ldn, Ve mat kinh le, mflc dp da dang nguon thu nhip hp khdng cao. Ve vdn xi hpi, ty le tham gia hdi doan d mflc thap lam han che kha nang tiep can thdng tin ciia hp, Ve vdn ldi san, ndng hp da phan hdi long ve giao thdng, thuy Itfi, de bao. Ddi vdi 3 md hinh sinh ke chinh thi cd khac bi?t y nghia thong ke ve hieu qud kinh te vd md hinh nudi trong thiiy sdn la mdt md hinh tnen vpng cho thu nhap hd.
Tfl khda: Bien doi khi hdu, de ton thflong, vung lii, sinh ke
I . D A T V A N D E Tinh An Giang la tinh dau nguon co bien gidi Ddng Bdng Sdng Cflu Long ld vflng san xuat nong g'^P ^^f' Campuchia, ntfi cd dong Sdng Tien vd Song nghiep trong diem cua cd nfldc va gifl vai tro quan Hdu thudc Song Mekong tfl tbfltfng ngudn chdy ve trpng trong dim bio an ninh tfltfng thflc cua qudc gia ^d Id tinh chiu inh hfldng dau tien vd trflc tiep bdi (Sanh, 2009; Thing vd Todn, 2016). Vi vdy, sdn xuat 'u hang nam (Tfl vd ctv., 2012). Theo tdc gid Nguyen vd dich vii nong nghiep dd trd thdnh nguon sinh ke Thi Hodng Hoa nim 2017 da chi ra rang, lu mang chinh cua nong dan vung DBSCL. Trong dieu kien 'ai nhieu Itfi ich cho DBSCL ndi chung nhfl cung cflc doan nhfl hicn nay, DBSCL noi chung va linh cap nUdc cho sdn xuat, sinh boat, he sinh thdi, ngin vile ndng nghiep d DBSCL noi rieng bi inh hfldng xam nhip man vd eung cap phfl sa vd ngudn thfly ning ne bdi lac ddng cfla bien doi khi hiu, hiem sdn (Hoa, 2017). Tuy nhien, lfl cung gay ra cac rui ro hpa tfl nhien (Wassmann, 2004; Dasgupta, 2007; nhfl gay ngap ung, thiet hai mfla mdng, cin trd giao Carew-Reid, 2007) vd chiu anh hfldng cfla thay thdng, xdi 16 vd anh hfldng den smh ke hp dan. Do ddi sfl dung nfldc d tbfltfng nguon (Greancen and do. An Giang da tap trung vao cac glii phdp cong Palettu, 2007) cu the nhflng hien tUtmg cflc doan trinh nhfl xdy dflng de bao khep kin de phuc vu cho niy dd anh hfldng den dien bien lu trd nen thay doi san xuat vd dam bdo an loan cho ngfldi ddn (Thieu
\d thai thfldng htfn (Can Thu \'dn vd Nguyen Thanh vd Dung, 2014) vd gidi phap phi cong trinh "sdng Stfn, 2016; Thing vd Todn, 2016). chung vdi lu" nhdm ndng cao y cfla hp din trong
Xghien cflu sinh nginh Phdt trien ndng thdn, Dai hpc Can Thtf ' \'ien Nghien cflu Phil trien DBSCL, Dai hoc Can Thtf
:Nam-SdS(l l4)/2020
flng phd vdi lu vi tin dung nhflng Itfi leh vd han che thi?t hai do lu (Tu vi ctv. 2012). Tuy nhien, trong boi canh mdi, sinh ke hp din vung lu cflng cd nhflng tic ddng trai chieu dang dien ra. Mac dfl, trong thdi gian dien ra lu. cac gidi phap cdng trinh phit huy hi?u qud ve dam bio sin xuat vd an lodn cho ngUdi ddn, nhflng mpt bp phin ngfldi din sdng phu thudc vdo mfla lu lai mit di nguon sinh ke (Thinh vi ct^-.
2016). Ben canh dd, nhieu yeu td ngoai tdc dang tac dpng trflc tiep vi gidn tiep den sinh ke hd ddn nhfl lflu lupng va dien bien lu, cdng trinh thiiy loi vd bien ddi khi hdu \ dn tiep tue dien ra. Vi vay sau 10 nim ihflc hi?n nhflng cdng trinh kiem soil lfl vi cdc chu trfltfng gidm thieu tic dpng do lu thi viec xdc dinh phdn lich ngudn lue sinh ke cua hp ddn trong bdi cinh mtfi la can thiet, trong nghien cflu ndy de tai tap trung so sdch cdc ngudn Iflc smh ke hp trong de vd ngodi de, ben canh dd so sdnh hi^u qud ldi chinh
h k c ill td
cac md binh sinh ke va dfla ra nhdng i the nhim giflp cai thi?n sinh ke cho hp trong bdi canh hi^n t^i.
II. DOI TirONG VA PHl/ONG PHAP Nt.
2.1. Doi tU^ng nghien ciJfu Nghien cdu tren doi tupng li cae ng chinh cfla hp din sdng trong vflng lu v, tdc dpng.
2.2. PhUtfng phap nghien cflu 2.2.1. Cdch tiep can
Nghien cflu tiep can theo khung sinh ke" ben vflng (DFID, 1999) nham khdm phd cdc yeu id thiie day va can trd sinh ke cfla ndng hd. Ben canh dd, each tiep can cd sfl tham gia thdng qua sfl dung bp edng cu PRA (Danh gid ndng thdn cd sfl tham gia) (Can vd Vromant, 2009).
KHUNG SINH KE M N Vl/NG (SLF)
T U K H O A I - VSn t i l nguyen
- Vfin ti> chinh P - V5n vH ttif S - V6n xi hi,
Hinh 1. Khung sinh ke hen vflng
\^iion Birkmann (20O6) 2.2.2. PhUdngphdp thu thdp sd lieu a) PhUdng phdp PRA
Phfltfng phdp PRA Id phUtfng phdp danh gia ndng ihdn eo sfl iham gia cua ndng hd (Can vd \'romanl, 2009) each liep can ndy da dflpc thflc hien d 3 cap dp Id tinh/hviyeii. xa \ J eong dong thdng qua phdng van KIP (ngUdi am hieu) vd thao ludn nhdm.
b) Diiu Ira ndnghg
Sau khi cd dflpe nhflng thdng tin ctf bdn ihdng qua tham van KIP vd thdo luin nhdm, phieu dieu tra dfltfc soan san dfla tren nhflng thdng tin dd thu thip de lien hdnh phdng van chi tiet theo miu iflng hp ddn irong de vd ngodi de (Bdng 1). Trong dd, cd ba md hinh dien hinh duoe chon Id eanh tdc lua. hoa mdu vd thu\ >.in
Bang 1. Thdng tin ve sd Ifltfng hd khdo sit theo mo hinh va vi tri canh tdc cfla hp Mdhinh An Giang
LiiaHoa miiu Thiiy san Tong
Trong di 31 30 30 91
Ngodi 31 30 30 91
Nguon: Ket (jttd khdo sdt ndm 2019 2.2.3. PhUdngphdp phdn tich so lieu
Sfl dung cdc cdng cu thdng ke m^ • de the hien eac chien Ifltfc sinh ke, i L ke va tmh tdn ihfltfng cfla chien Iflo;
dung phfldng jihap phan tich anova el qua kinh tc ^ j . md hinh smh ke. Be-i
•nfl Ian so
^ ^'"'in sinh
Tap chiKhoo hoc Cong nghe •ypng nghiip Viet Nam • So 5i f i4'rC0i!0
vdo eae SO li?u thfl cap (PRA va KIP) va ket qua nghien cflu se de xuat cic giii phap flng phd vdi lu cho ndng hp.
2.3. Thdi gian va dja diem nghien cutu
Nghien cflu thflc hien tfl thing 02/2019 den thing 02/2020 tai huy?n An Phii, Phu Tan va Thi xi Tan Chau, thupc vung lu tinh An Giang gom trong de vi ngoai de.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Cac mo hinh sinh ke chinh cua tinh An Giang Trong nghien cflu, de tdi da chpn 3 md hinh canh tic de khio sdt la md hinh canh tdc lfla gdm lua 2 vd 3 vy, md hinh canh tdc hoa mdu vd nudi trdng thfly sin. Trong dd, md hinh nudi trong thuy san bao gdm nudi b^ tren sdng vd nudi ci ao.
An Phfl dfltfc chpn tieu bieu cho md hinh eanh tdc lua trong de va ngoii de gdm hai xa Phfl Hflu va Qude Thii. Tai buy^n Phfl Tan, tdc gid tap trung khio sit md hinh nudi trong thuy sdn trong de vi ngodi de gom hai xa Hda Lac va Long Hda. Thi xa Tin Chau dflpc chpn khao sit dai dien cho md hinh canh tdc hoa mdu trong de vd ngodi de gdm hai .\d Long An vd Tan An.
Stf Iflpc ve tinh hinh xdy dflng de bao khep kin, tai linh An Giang cdc giai phap cdng trinh nhfl xdy dflng de bao khep kin va de bao thing 8 dfltfc bit
Dien bien mi^c ninyc cao nhat tai tr^m Tan Chfiu - Chau Doc
(DV: cm)
dau phit trien td nim 2000, dan trd nen hoan chinh vd phat trien manh nim 2011. Trong dd, tinh den nam 2019 cd 572 tieu ^ndng, voi chieu ddi 4 620 km de bao kiem soat lu bio ve san xuat ndng nghiep cfla tinh htfn 242.000 ha. Trong dd cd .^41 tieu vflng de bao vdi chieu dai 1.920 km kiem soil lu cd nam cho htfn 156.800 ha dat san xuat 3 vu/nam. Nhin chung, viec xdy dflng de bao khep kin da dnh hfldng nhieu den viec chuyen ddi md hinh canh tdc vd co ban mang nhieu loi ich tich cilc ve ban che lu vd ling thu nhdp hd canh tie lfla.
3.2. Tinh hinh lu va nhan thflc ciia hp dan ve lu trong thdi gian gan day
Dien bien mflc nfldc (Hinh 1) giai doan 2002 - 2018 lai tram Tan Chiu vi Chiu Ddc cho thay mflc nfldc cao nhal giam deu theo cdc nam tfl 2002 - 2008 vd tfl 2008 den 2018 tbi dien bien mflc nfldc trd nen that thfldng htfn vd xu hfldng tai hai tram quan trie li khd tfltfng ddng. Nhin chung, mflc nfldc dao dpng hien nay khd dfl dodn vd cd bien dp dao dpng ldn.
Ngoai ra, theo nghien cflu gan ddy chi ra ring, lu dfltfc xem li xual hien mupn htfn (gin 15 ngiy) vd thdi gian lu lai ngin hon so vdi trfldc day. die bi?l la cdc nam 2013 vd 2015, nguyen nhdn giy ra hi?n trang nay dfltfc danh gii la do anh hfldng tfl sfl lich trfl nfldc tf cdc hd thuy dien phia thflpng ngudn (Td Quan Toan vi ctv.. 2016).
Dien bien mux nu&c th^p Dh4t tai tram Tan Chau - Chiu Doc
(DV: cm)
8 8 8 8
S SSong Ciru Long - Tram Tan Chau Song Cir\i Long - Tr^m ChSu Doc
—•—Sflng Cim Long • Tram Tan Chau
—•— Song Cim Long - Tram Chau Doc
Hinh 1. Dien bien mflc nfldc eao nhat vi thap nhdt d tram quan trac Tin Chau vd Chau Doe giai doan 2002 - 2018 Ngiiim- Tong cue thong kc (2020).
Ben canh dd, nhan thflc ve lu eua ngfldi ddn tai dia bdn nghien eflu cung dflpc khao sit, ket qui trung khdp vdi dien bien Ifl da dutfc thdng ke trong nghien cflu nay. Qua thio ludn nhdm vdi nhflng hd ddn cd nhieu kinh nghiem vd sdng Idu nam tai dia phutfng, cd hpn 90% y kien nhdn dinh rang lu nam 2000 trd
ve trfldc thi lfl 5n dinh vd lfl nim 2000 trd lal diy ihi
lu trd nen that thfldng, len nhanh vd xudng nhanh,
die biet Id nam 2016 vd 2018 Cd nhflng y kien khac
cho rdng, lu hien nay ve thap hon, thdi gian lu ngin
htfn trfldc diy vd nfldc d nhiem hon (Kel qui thao
ludn nhdm, 2019) Nhin chung, qua thdi gian htfn
Tap ch' Knoc "^o: C.^'-g nghe M^g " J " ipVetNam-S65. "£•
10 n a m phat t n e n de b a o k h e p kin thi b e n c a n h nhflng mat tich cflc v i thiet hai d o lu, h d d i n d a n g n h d n thiic rd nhflng thay doi vd h p d a n g phdi doi m a t vdi nhflng t h i c h thflc mdi.
3 . 3 . P h a n t i c h n g u o n v o n sinh k e h o v i m g lu t r o n g b6i c a n h m d i
3.3.1. Von con ngUdi
N g u d n Iflc ve vdn con ngfldi gifl vai trd cdt Idi t r o n g n i m n g u d n lUc sinh ke hp. T r o n g dd, phdi ke d e n Iflc Iflpng lao d p n g va t r i n h dp cua chu hd. O Bdng 2, t r o n g 3 m d h i n h c a n h tdc tbi quy m d h d t^i dia b i n n g h i e n cflu l i tflong d d n g tfl 4 - 5 t h d n h vien h p , tuy n h i e n cd h p cd cao nhal tfl 7 - 9 t h d n h vien, d i y c u n g l i m p t k h d k h a n trong t r a n g t r i i k i n h te hp. Ben c a n h dd, lao d p n g hd d cd 3 m d h i n h cd 3 lao d p n g c h i n h v i sd Iflpng ngfldi p h u t h u d c t r u n g b i n h Id 2 n g u d i . Cd nghia Id mdi lao d d n g cd t h ^ c h a m sdc cho k h d n g d e n mpt ngfldi, cho thay t h e o xu hfldng n i y thi h p cd the t r a n g trdi va dfl lo c h o c u p c s d n g gia d i n h . Tuy n h i e n , ngfldi p h u thupc d d)a b i n n g h i e n cflu t h u p c hai ddi tflpng c h i n h la ngfldi gid vd ire e m , dieu n i y d i n den mpt mdi lo ngai r i n g , t r a n g trdi c u p c sdng k h d n g chi dtfn gidn la chi p h i sinh hogt vd p h a i ke d e n chi phi y te, gido d y e . Vi vdy, Irong dieu ki?n c a n h tdc dn d i n h vdi n g u d n Iflc n i y h p cd the d a m b i o c u p c sdng, nhflng ddc t r o n g bdi c d n h lu nhfl hi^n tai, c i c m d h i n h c a n h t i c t r d n e n bap b e n h thi chi phi t r a n g t r i i se la m p i m d i lo ngai ldn c h o hp.
Bang 2. Dae diem hd
Ddn vi- ngUdi Canh t i c lua I Chi tieu
I Quy md hp Lao dpng cfla hp Nguoi phu thudc
Qii\ md hp Lao dpng cua hd Ngiidi phu ihude
Q u \ md hp Lao ddng eiia hp Ngutfi phu thuoc
Trong de Max Mm
8,0 1.0 4,4 7,0 0,0 2.7 4,0 0,0 1,6 C a n h t i c h o a mdu
7,0 2,0 4.2 5,0 2,0 2,9 4,0 0,0 1.7 C a n h t i c thuy san
9,0 3,0 4,9 7,0 2,0 .V4 4.0 0,0 2,0
Ngodi de Max Min TB
7,0 2,0 4.7 1,0
3,0 1.0 0,0
2,0 1,0 0,0
Ben c a n h dd, tudi tdc c u a ngfldi q u gifl vai trd q u a n t r p n g t r o n g cdc boat ' '• ' "
n h a p cho hd. Ket q u d b i n g 3 c h o thdx ^*^" ^'^' m d h i n h c a n h t i e lua va rau m i u thi ^L' "•^' " " " S b i n h c h i e m ty le c a o n h a t l i tii 40 • t^O udi. •^'* '^^
t u d i n i y c h o thay n d n g d a n cd k i n h n g h , . ni e.mb tae k h a lau n i m , d i e u ndy giflp it n h i l u troni: qud t r i n h c a n h t i c , tuy n h i e n d o thdi q u e n c a n h tde l i u n a m n e n c u n g cd n h i e u k h d k h i n t r o n g tha\ doi tdp q u a n c a n h tdc v i flng d u n g c i c tien b p k h o a hpc ky t h u d t . Doi vdi m d h i n h n u d i ca, n g u o n nfldc Id rat q u a n trpng, n e n h p tre tuoi c d n n o n k i n h n g h i e m thi c h p n nudi h a m vi d e q u a n ly ve c h a t Ifltfng nfldc va sd Ifltfng cd, ddi vdi h p l d n tudi htfn cd n h i e u k i n h n g h i e m thi c h a p n h d n r u i ro c a o htfn k h i n u d i trflc tiep tren sdng ldn. N h f l n g n h i n c h u n g , k h i Iflpng nfldc, d d n g chdy vd chat Iflpng nfldc t h a y d o i se la thach thflc doi vdi cd hai m d h i n h t h e o n h a n d i n h cua n d n g hd.
Bang 3. Phdn bd tuoi cfla ngfldi q u i n ly b p Ddn vj: % T r d n g lua T r 6 n g m a u ' Thuy san | Trong Ngodi Trong Ngodi Trong Ngodi \
de de
I I 30 - 45, 4 0 - 6 0 6.45 51,61
de 38,1 \ 48,39
de 20,00 73,33
de 16,67 46,67
53,33 23,33 36,67 53,33 , 10,00 23,33 I
S^iion Kit ijitd dieu tm (2019).
i j r e r i _ 6 0 ^ 1 , 9 4 12,90 6,67 36,67 Nguon: Ket qud dieu tra (2019).
Bdng 4 the hien t r i n h d p h p c v a n c u a c h u hd, trinh dp hpc van quyet d i n h d e n sfl tiep t h u , h p c hdi vd trau doi kien thflc cfla lao d p n g k h i thflc h i e n md hinh eanh tdc. Ket qud k h d o s i t chi r a r a n g , d ca 3 md hinh thi chu h p cd t r i n h d d cap 1 va 2 la chiem ty trgng cao n h a t , n e n g chu v . , , 5 ; j r d n g thuy san trong de cd ty le h p c c a p 3 •, „ ^.ao d d n g , dai hpc cao nhat so vdi c i c m d h i n h c o n lai. D i e u n i y c u n g de giii thich. vi d i u tfl nudi t r o n g thfly san la nganh nghe n h i e u rfli ro, ddi hdi ky thuat vd d a u tfl cao nen nhflng c h u h d tre tudi va ci< t r m h dd cd xu h u d n g thflc hien m d h i n h c a n h t i c > ,1- Tuy nhjen dat trong boi c i n h lu t h a t t h f l d n g th; hp cd tr' h d p hpc van thdp se la m d t t h a c h thfle ,n„ . „ ' . , , . ^ ''B tiep can t n o n g tin, cap n h a t va h o c hdi d e g, .ySt „i- - Kho khan d o 0
Tap chi Khoa hoc Cong rgne \6ng nghiep Viit Nam-$65(114 •/2020
Bang 4, Trinh dp hpc van cua chu hp nay ket qua chi ra rang, nong hp canh lac lua co dif n
Bon vi: % tich dat trung binh cao nhat so vdi hai mo hinh hoa Trong l i a " Trfag^iiu Thuysin"" ° * " ''' *">• ' = " " '™"8 ^^ ™ "8°*' '<«• <^^° ''Ong Trinh -—-^T^ „ .. ... —;—r' til 1,5 - 1,8 ha/ho, dien tich nay la kha Icrn so v6im4t
Trong Ngodi Trong Ngodi Trong Ngoai bang chung 6 DBSCL.
,*" di de de di di
CD, DH
Bang 5. Di^n tich dat ciia hd theo md hinh
Md hinh Max Liia 4,1 hoa mdu 5,1 'Ihiiy san 3,2
Dflf! vi: ha Trong de N g o i i de
Min TB Max Min TB 0,2 j 1,5 4.1 0,2 1,8 1 0,2 1,4 3,6 0,1 1,0 0,2 , 1,3 3,3 0,0 0,3 j
Nguon: Ket qud dieu tra (2019).
Khdne 3.3.3. Von xd hoi
T T ^ 6.45 6,45 0,00 3,33 0,00 6,67'^' "9*^ _^ ._ Vdn xa hdi Id cdc yeu td xa hdi ben ngodi, cd khi Capl 35,48 38,71 43,33 43,33 33,33 30,00 nang tac ddng den sinh ke cfla hd. Trong nghien cflu Cap 2 35,48 35,48 46,67 30,00 20,00 36,67 ' "^7 (Bang 6), ddi vdi yeu td dau tien la tham gia hpi Cip 3 19,35 1643 6,67 20,00 36,67 26,67 I ^o^n, 6 ca ba md hinh thi ty le tham gia hpi doan khd thap tfl 13 - 26% tren tdng sd hp dflpc khao sat, 3,23 3.23 3,33 3,33 10,00 0,00 , viec ndy lam ban che ve kha ndng tiep can thdng tin
~— -^ cua hp cho canh tdc, cung nhfl ddi sdng. Ben canh Ngudn: Kit qud dieu tra (2019). d^_ y-„ ^5 „han sfl giflp dd d cd ba md binh li khi 3.3.2. Von nguon liic tU nhien ^^° '^^^0 - 80%. Diy li mpt diem manh cfla ndng hp
,•• ,,.,^t^ ,. ,., , , khi ddi mit vdi cac khd khdn, kecd khd khan fidy ra Von tfl nhien quan trpng phai ke den a dien tich - • , - . - ' . . • . - . - . r«n, i' , nn„;i_- ., , , -• , , .^,„, \.^ ^ bPi lu. Ngoai ra, co the thay tU 50% den htfn 80% hp dat stf hflu cua hp (Bang 5), r . - , - , , , . . *
° eho rang viec hPp lac trong eanh tde hien tai tf dja phfltfng Id tdt, ndng dan cung giiip dd nhau. Cu the nhflng giup dd nhfl chia se thdng tin, ky thudl canh tdc, Cudi cflng la yeu td ve ho trp ky thuit tdt, trong dd nhdm hd nudi trdng thfly sdn ngodi de (nudi be) cd ty le thap nhit, nhdm bp nay chia se ring, hp chfla tiep can dflpe nhieu ho trp ky thudt, chu yeu Idm theo kinh nghiem, tfl phat vd hdi ctf sd cung cap vat tfl, ve phia dia phfltfng thi chfla cd nhieu tap huan cho hd. Cdn lai, ddi vdi md hinh canh tdc mdu cd htfn 50% so hd dflpc khdo sal cho la ho trp ky thuit Theo Pham Ngpc Nhdn (2017), dat dai dflpc xem tdt. Ben canh dd, cd sfl chenh lech khi ldn gifla hp li tdi san sinh ke quan trpng gan vdi ngudn tfl lieu canh tde lfla ngoii de vi trong de, cd 38% hd trong de san xual chinh cfla ndng hd, quan trpng hPn het tfly cho rang hd trp ky thuit tdt, nhflng nhdm hp ngodi thupc vdo dieu kien dat dai, ndng hd dfla ra nhflng de cd den htfn 67% y kien ve yeu td ndy, dieu niy cd quyet dinh chuyen ddi md hinh canh tdc vdi cdy the hieu ring, hd trong de dang gap nhieu khd khan trdng va vdt nudi phu hpp vdi sfl thay ddi cfla mdi hpn trong canh tdc nhfl da ke tren, nhflng nhflng ho trfldng vd khi hdu (Nhan, 2017). Trong nghien cflu trtf ky thudt da chfla that sfl giii quyet van de cfla hp.
Chi tieu i Tham gia hdi dodn
Nhdn giflp dd Hpp tdc Hd trp ky thuat tdt
Nguon: Kit qud dieu tra (2019).
3.3.4. Vdn tdi chinh va 8. Sd hoat ddng tao ra thu nhdp ciia ci ba md hinh Vdn tdi chinh quyet dinh den thu nhdp hd vd kha trung binh 2 ngudn thu nhap. Tfl vi?c cd 2 ngudn ndng duy tri boat ddng sinh ke cua hd. Trong nghien thu nhip hd se giam rui ro hpn trong qudn ly kinh cflu, ket qua ve vdn tdi chinh dflpc the hien d bang 7 te hd. Trong dd, chi cd md hinh canh tdc Ifla trong
Trong
Trong de22,6 54,8 61,3 38,7
Bang 6. Von
liia Ngodi di
13.S 77,4 61,3 67,7
xa hoi cua nong
Trong Trong di
13,3 56,7 80,0 53,3
hp
mau Ngodi di
20,0 80,0 63,3 50,0
Thuy Trong di
20,0 56,7 83,3 33,3
Dan vi: % san 1
Ngodi di 13,3 60,0 53,3 20,0
Tap chl • . ^!Nam-56Slit41/2020 d e cd lv le t h a p nhat, cho thay chi co m d t sd cd 2 va ldn h p n 2 n g u d n thu va da p h a n chi cd 1 n g u d n t h u d u y nhat tfl c a n h tdc lfla, neu dieu kien lfl bien d d n g va m d i trfldng nhfl hi?n tai thi n h d m h d ndo k h d cd t h e phdt trien kinh te hd ben vflng. So ve thu n h a p , ve m d h i n h c a n h l i c lua thi thu nhdp cua h d t r o n g d e vd n g o i i d e t i nhU n h a u tren h a / n i m , c h o thay lam lua 3 vu t r o n g de k h d n g m a n g lai thu n h i p c a o htfn l i m lfla 2 vu ngnai de. Ben c a n h dd, m d h m h t r d n g m a u t r o n g de vd ngodi d e cd sU khdc biet rd r^t, m d h i n h m i u trong d e cho thu n h i p t h a p htfn \ i lien q u a n d e n n a n g s u i t v i g i i ed, n i n g s u i t edn p h u
,:ddl t h u p c vao ky thu^t, chat Iflpng n d d c v j n dat, nhflng vdi dieu ki?n t r o n g d e thi el b a c m a u , nfldc d n h i e m nhfl hi?n t^i ei "'" '^^'*
a n h hfldng d e n t h u n h d p c u a m d hini i-*v ^^'^' ^^^.' m d h i n h nudi c i hdm m a n g Ui thu nh -H^ 'i^''" ' " "
h i n h n u d i cd be. Vi nhfl d i k e tren. ni;, •,MK,>-hat Iflpng nfldc rat q u a n t r o n g c h o m d hiiv luoi ed, h p nudi c i be tiep x u c trUc tiep vdi ntiu.^ Hii*e >dng ldn, vi vay nhflng bien d p n g thay ddi ^. i nuii- nfldc t r e n s d n g i n h hfldng trflc tiep d e n ho.n ^l^'i'^ ^'"^'^
tdc c u a hd.
Bang 7. Tinh hinh da dang thu nhap cua hp v i thu nhdp h p
Trdng lua Trofii; de Ngodt di
93.55 87,10 6,45 12.90
1,39 1,77 62,05 Nguon t h u
1 2
> 2 Sd nguon TB
I h u nhdp T B h p ^ j ^^
(tri?u ddng)
Ngudn: Ki-I qua dicu tra (2019)
Cf b i n g 8, ly le b d c h o r i n g cd d u vdn eanh tdc c h i e m ty 1^ khd ldn tfl 65 - 76%. Song song dd, ty 1^ h p cd vay v d n ngdn hdng e u n g dao d p n g tfl 29 - 6 5 % sd h p dflpc p h d n g van. H p ed ty le vay von n g a n h i n g cao nhat la n h d m h d canh l i e lfla n g o i i d e vdi (vL3"u vd n h d m h p c a n h t i c m a u ngodi de Id 60%, ly le ndy khd cao, nguyen n h d n vay vdn cua cae h d ndy n h d m t r a n g t r i i cudc song, lo chi phi d e n Bang 8. Tinh hinh von va
Trdng mdu Trong de J V ^ a i ^
70,97 29,03 2,28
Ddn vi: % Tbiiy san I Trong de Ngodi de '
127,40 90,00 10,00 1,59 200,82
76,67 23,33 2,10
1097,35 93,33
6,67 1,80 405,68
T i n h h i n h vay v6n
Trdng lua TroM^ de Ngodi de Dll \dn 74.2 64,5 Co vav vdn 29,0 64.5 ' Tiep can vay de 100,0 65.0
Sgiiim Kcl qud dieu tra (2019) 3.3.5. Von tdi sdn
Ngudn v d n ldi san d d n g vai trd khd q u a n trpng, tdc d d n g d e n cae boat d d n g sinh ke vd d d i s d n g sinh hoat cfla n d n g h d d e dn d i n h s m h ke. T r o n g nghien eflu. tdc gia tdp t r u n g t h u thdp d d n h g i i h p ve cac n g u d n vdn v i t chat p h u c \-u ddi sdng v i s i n x u i t nhfl giao t h d n g . t h u y Itfi. d e b a o , t i i s i n s i n xuat vd d i e d i e m nhd cda, cudi c u n g Id thiet hai d o lfl t r o n g c i c
trfldng cho con cai va d a u tfl s i n xuat. Ben c a n h dd, n h d m hd nudi trdng t h u y sdn cd ty le vay v d n la 4 0 % vi md h i n h ndy cdn lien v d n d a u tfl c a o c h o san xuat.
Vd ty le h p cho y kien r i n g tiep c i n v d n vay h i e n nay d e rat cao tfl 65 - 100%, c h o thay van d e tiep can v d n k h d n g g i y k h d k h i n cho n d n g h d v i h p cd t h e tiep cdn vdn de trang trdi t r o n g hd.
vay von ngdn hang cua hd
Ddn vi: % Trong mau ^ i h i i y san Trong de Ngodi de _ Trong de Ngodi de
^^•^ 63,3 76.7 66,7 53,3 60.0 40,0 40,0 92,9 _ 83,3 83,3 72,7
nam vfla qua, ket q u a dflpc t d n g htfp d hdng 9. Ket q u a chi ra rang, ve giao t h d n g n d n g t h a n chi cd m d hinh canh tdc lua c i t r o n g d e v i ngoai de cd ty 1^
khdng hdi long k h i cao, vi n h d m hd nay cho r a n g giao thong vdn chfla t h u a n lpi c h o di chuyen t r o n e sinh hoat vd sdn xuat lua. \ e thfly In j ^ :ihan dutfc n d n g hd hdi long vd ty le k h d n g hai ldn i i^j,^ ,f^- ehi tfl 3 [()% sd h d dflpc p h d n g v.:i jt,, ^^^
\5ng nyr.iepViei Nam - So:
thdng de bao. nhdm hp canh tic lua trong de cd tj- 1^ khdng hii long ve de bao nhieu nhat vdi 38,7%
tren tong sd y kien dflpc thu thip, vi nhdm hd nay cho ring de bao khep kin chUa thflc hien xa lu nen dai dai bac mdu, dich benh cdn trong dat nen anh hfldng den nang suat lua do do hp din van chfla hii long cich van hanh de bao nay. Ben canh dd, tai sin sin xuat la nhiing dung cu dfltfc sd dung trong qua trinh sdn xuit cua hp, khi dfltfc khdo sat ci 3 nhdm md hinh deu cho ring ty 1? thieu tai san sdn xuat la thap chl tfl 3 - 10%, cd the thay dflpc rang, hien nay hp di cd dil khi nang trang bi khi day du nhflng dyng cu sin xuat, de phuc vu mpt cich chu ddng cho canh tdc cua hp.
Ddi vdi vi?c nhay cam vdi lu, nghien cflu cung quan tam ve die diem nha cfla ciia hd, hien nay tai 3 md hinh canh tdc chinh, sd hd cd nhd kien cd
chiem t\- trpng cung khd ldn, thap nhat Id 54,S^\> eua hd trdng lua vd cao nhat la 86,7% ddi vdi hp nudi trdng thuy sin trong de. Con sd ndy cho thay ring, hd dan da quan tdm vd cimg cd nha cfla khi tdt de ling phd vdi lu hang nam Ben canh dd, khi dflpc hdi ve thiet hai do lii, ddi vdi nhdm hp nudi trdng thuy sdn hodn toin khdng cd thi?t hai do lfl trong nhflng nam gan da\. vd md hinh trdng mdu cflng tflPng tfl hoac cd ty le thiet hai khd thap. Cbi rieng nhdm hp canh tdc lua van eo thiet hai do lfl tfl 9 - 12% sd hp dfltfc phdng van, con sd niy cung khdng nhieu. Hp din trong qui trinh phdng van chia se ring, do dia bdn la vflng diu ngudn nen viec flng phd da dflpc chuan bj tfl liu nhfl xiy dflng nhi cfla, din neo vd ehuan bi ve mat tdm ly, them vao dd hi?n n.iy da cd de bao, ndng din cung them phan vflng tin. do dd thiet hai trflc tiep do lfl hien nay Id khdng nhieu.
Bang 9. Danh gid tdi sin vdt the ciia hd
Chi tieu I Chfla hai ldng ve giao thdng I ChUahiildngve thfly Itfi I Chfla hii ldng ve de bao I Thieu tii sdn sdn xuat I Logi nhi kien cd
Thiel hai do lu
Nguon: Ket qud dieu tra (2019).
Nhin chung, 5 nguon vdn sinh ke cua ndng hd t^ dia bdn nghien cflu phuc vu mdt each phfl htfp vd tflpng ddi eho 3 md hinh sinh ke chinh nhfl eanh lde lfla. trdng mdu vi nudi trdng thuy sin. Trong dd, md hinh canh tie lua la md hinh truyen thdng cd tfl Idu ddi nen cac ngudn vdn sinh ke phuc vu kha tdt;
tuy nhien, do dieu kien tfl nhien thay doi, cu the la lu anh hfldng nen dan den nhflng khd khan nhdt dinh vd dan dan md hinh trd nen kem hieu qua. Thay vdo dd, md hinh canh tac mdu va nudi trdng thuy sdn la cae md hinh mdi phdt trien nhflng mang lai hieu qud cao vd cae ngudn vdn sinh ke da dan dan dflpc ddu tfl, trd nen phfl hpp va ben \'flng htfn vdi dieu kien hien tai nhfl it bi anh hfldng bdi Ifl, ngudn nhin Iflc trinh dp cao, ctf sd ha tang tdt. Trong dd, md hinh nudi trdng thuy sin Id md hinh dflpc ky vpng vd ed liem nang md rpng phat trien trong tfltfng lai.
3.4. Phan tich hieu qua kinh te cac md hinh sinh ke Dfla tren thdng tin thu thdp, tac gid kiem dinh 3 md hinh sinh ke chinh cflng vdi vi tri ciia md hinh
Tr6ng
Trong di45,2 3,2 38,7 6,5 54,8 12,9
liia Ngodidi
58,1 3,2 22,6 5,7 54,8 9,7
Trong Trong di
3,3 3,3 0,0 3,3 66,7
0,0
Ngodidi 13,3 10,0 16,7 10,0 60,0 3,3
Thuy Trong di
10,0 6,7 0,0 10,0 86,7 0,0
san Ngodi di
0,0 10,0 6,7 3,3 70,0 0,0
bing md hinh Anova de thay rd sfl khac biet ve hi?u qui kinh te gifla cdc md hinh sinh ke. Ket qua d bang 10 chi ra ring, ddi vdi md hinh canh tic lfla trong de va ngoii de khdng cd sfl khic bi?t ve mat dien tich, chi phi, thu nhdp vd lpi nhudn/hp, Dieu nay trung khdp vpl ket qud d phia tren, cho thay ring md hinh eanh lie lfla 3 vu trong de that sfl khdng mang iai sU khdc biet ve mat kinh te so vdi md hinh lua 2 vu ngodi de. Ben canh dd, ve mat dien tich cd sfl khac biet cd y nghia gifla 3 md hinh canh tie. Ve ehi phi cung tfltfng tfl, md hinh thuy sdn khac biel vdi md hinh canh tdc mdu vd lfla, vd cd chi phi cao nhal so vdi 2 md hinh cdn lai. Ve thu nhdp cung the hien ro sU khac biet gifla cdc md hinh, trong dd md hinh thuy sin cd thu nhip cao nhat, den canh tac mdu vd cudi cung Id lfla. Song song dd, ve Itfi nhuan, cd sfl khdc biet cd y nghia gifla cdc md hinh, trong dd md hinh nudi ci trong de Id cd khdc biel nhieu nhal so vdi cac md hinh cdn lai. Nhin chung, tfl viec khdc biet ve mat dien tich, chi phi, thu nhap va lpi nhuan gifla
101
Tap.
cac m d h i n h , cd the thay dflpc r i n g n e e sd hflu dien tich c a n h tae ldn k h d n g the quyet d j n h t h u n h a p h d v i m d h i n h nudi trdng thuy san Id m d t m d h i n h t r i e n
v p n g c h o n d n g d a n viing lu. lu\ n h i e n p q u y h o a c h va d m h hfldng cua dia p h u .
Bang 10. So sdnh hieu q u i kinh te' cac m o binh sinh ke C i c chi tieu d i n h g i i
Lua
Mau
Trong de Ngoai de Trong de Ngoai de Trong de Ngoai de Ngudn: Ket qud dieu tra (2019).
Ghi chil: Trong citng 1 col va dong thdi cimg yeu to ke (p < 0.05).
Thiiy san
Dien tich MH (ha) 1,405'
1,74' 0,42' 0,67'' 0,54*"
0,00"
chiphi/hg (trieu dong)
81,63'' 66,53"
79,38'' 168,47^
1676,01^
791,43''
Thu nhdp/hg (trieu dong)
134.25-' 110,35'' -I16,56'>' 662,03' 2676,97*
1157,95''
lo. nhiidn/hd (trieu ddng)
51.1?-'' 43,82'' 31.38-' 205,62' 1000,97"
366,52"
j cac ky IU (a, b,...) khdc nhau thi khdc biet cd y nghia thong
3.5. C i c giai p h a p flng p h d vdi d i e n b i e n c u a lu trong di^u ki^n hi^n tai
3.5.1. Gidi phdp Ung phd cua ndnghg Hien nay, n d n g h p nhdn thflc d u p e rang dien bien lu n g i y cdng phflc lap va k h d dfl dodn. Mae dfl cd de bao k h e p kin phdn ndo ban che nhflng tac d p n g trflc tiep cua lu, nhUng nhflng tdc d p n g gidn tiep van tiep tflc xdy ra. \ ' i vdy, cap d p n d n g h p t h d n g qua thdo ludn n h d m n d n g b p dfla ra cdc gidi phdp nhfl sau:
can dieu tiel van h d n h xa lu vflng d e bao khep kin, chuyen ddi m d b i n h c a n h lac lfl 3 \T^ sang 2 vu vd ket h p p t h e m ed\ t r d n g khdc. Song song dd, viec t i p h u a n ky thuat cdn dUpc q u a n t i m thfldng xuyen v i h o i n thien k e n h npi d d n g . Ben c a n h dd, nhieu hd d i n cd dc x u i t ve ddy m a n h lien kel s i n xuat va h o trp c h i n h sdch b a o lieu san p h a m , h o trp vay vdn de ngUdi d i n o n d i n h s i n xudt.
3.5.2. Gidi phdp ung pho cua cdp qudn ly
\ ' c c a p qudn ly. t h d n g q u a p h d n g v i n KIP cap tinh vd huy?n da dUa ra c i c gidi p h a p flng p h d t r o n g giai d o a n hi?n tai nhfl thay ddi van b i n h x i lu theo k h u vUc, k h u y e n cao chuyen doi m d h i n h c a n h t i c thich nghi vd t a n g cUdng tap h u a n chuyen giao k\- thudt c h o n d n g hd. Ben e a n h dd, ddy m a n h p h i t t n e n c i c H T X sdn xudt d e tao ctf hpi d a u ra cho n d n g s i n . Ngoai ra. c d n g tae tuyen t r u y e n van d p n g ngfldi d i n i r o n g n i n g c a o y thflc p h d n g c h d n g Ifl lut ludn dflpe q u a n tdm v i dav m a n h , t i n g cUdng c d n g t i c dfl dodn di^ b a o di- tao dieu kien t h u i n Itfi cho hd d i n t r o n g c a n h tdc.
IV. KET LUAN
Lu la hien tfltfng tfl n h i e n xay ra h a n g n a m tai t i n h An Giang, m a n g lai n h f l n g tdc d p n g tich cUc cho ddi sdng sinh ke hd ddn v u n g d a u n g u d n nhfl bdi d i p bii sa, n g u d n Itfi t h u y s i n . Tuy n h i e n , nhflng t i c d d n g tieu cflc e u n g d i e n ra s o n g s o n g . Q u a ddnh gid n a m n g u d n v d n sinh ke h d t r o n g bdi c a n h da xdy dflng de b a o k h e p kin, ket q u a chi ra rang, trong dieu kien hien tai n d n g h d cd n g u d n lao d d n g ddi ddo nhflng sd ngfldi p h u t h u d c c u n g k h a c a o (2 ngfldi/hp), vi vdy dat gdnh n i n g ve n h u cau chi phi sinh hoat, t r i n h d p h p c v a n cfla h d dflpc k h d o sat nhin chung d mflc t h a p vdi ty le c a p 1 vd 2 c h i e m tfl 60 - 90%. vi v i y khi cac m d h i n h c a n h t i c gap dien bien lu bien d d n g thi h d k h d ed t h e flng p h d v i tim cdng viec khac d e tao thu nhdp. Ben c a n h d d , dien tich canh tdc cfla hd c u n g d mflc khd cao, Idn htfn lfl 1^ - 2 ha/hd,^tuy n h i e n t r o n g dieu kien nfldc san xuat gap van de ve d n h i e m d o thieu nfldc vd t h d m t i n g vu da Idm cho h i e u qua san xuat c u a h d gidm rat nhieu, Ben c a n h d d ve mdt lai e h i n h , mflc dp da dang n g u d n t h u n h i p h d k h d n g cao chi tfl 1 - 2 ngudn thu, trong khi dd, m d h i n h c a n h t i c lua dflpc xem la chu Iflc cfla t i n h thi cd mflc thu n h a p t h a p nhat trong cae m d h i n h c a n h tde. Ve vdn xa hdi tv le tham gia hdi dodn d mflc t h a p lam ban che k h a ndng tiep can t h d n g tin ciia hd. Ve vdi,
hd da p h a n hdi ldng ve giao t h d n g , ih,, chl CO hd eanh tdc lua c d n chfla hdi 1', d o che dd vdn h d n h d n h hfldng den , Nhflng tdc d d n g trflc tiep c u a lu bdi.
cbi cdn lai nhflng tac d p n g gidn tiep dan^
canh
" '^•ni, n d n g
'"'-
dohao,
• "^^ de hao '•^ '•udt ilia
' --dt t h ; p , ' Idm ] ,
TapchiKhoa nghiep Viet Nam m a u ddi, djch b?nh lflu tdn trong d a t a n h hfldng
d^n m d h i n h c a n h tae. cu the len m d h i n h c a n h tdc Ilia la n h i e u n h i t , ke den canh t i c h o a m d u vd cudi c u n g la thuy sdn. Vi viy, cd t h e thay dfltfc r i n g ve mdt tdng the m d hinh thuy sdn Id m d t m d h i n h t i e m nang dfla tren sfl hieu qua ve k i n h te vd cd 5 n g u d n vdn sinh ke khd phu h p p d e b d t r p v i phdt t r i e n md h i n h t r o n g dieu kien n h i e u r u i ro nhfl h i e n nay.
Ve- mat giai phap, n g h i e n cflu n h d n thay r a n g vi^e dieu tiet de b a o xa lu Id c a n thiet vd d j n h hfldng chuyen ddi m d h i n h c a n h t i c n h a m cai thien t h u nhdp hd. Va can tap t r u n g vao p h a t t n e n t h e o chuoi sdn p h a m tfl dau vdo lan d a u ra d e h d d a n yen tdm canh ldc. Song song d o , q u a n tdm dd"y m a n h d e n t a p huan, chuyen giao ky thudt c a n h tdc c h o hd.
TAILIEUTHAMKHAO
Can, N. D., 8c Vromant, N . , 2009, PRA - Ddnh gid nong Ihon vdi sU Iham gia ciia ngUdi ddn. NXB Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi. 55 Trang.
Hoa, N . T . , 2017. Ddnh gid gid Iri moi IrUdng bi Idc dong bdi du dn phdt Inen ihiiy dien. Trfldng Dai hoc Thuy I pi, 92-96.
Hung, D. v., St Le, P. V., 2000 - 2011. Bdo cao long ket cdng tac phdng chdng lut bao vd tim kiem cflu nan 2000 - 2011 tinh An Giang. Ban chi huy PCLB tinh An Giang.
N h i n , P. N., 2017. So sdnh hieu qud tdi chinh cua md hinh eanh tde 2 liia - 1 mdu vdi 3 ltia tai tinh Hdu Giang. Tap chi khoa hgc vd phdt trien nong thon, (2):
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Sustainability and economic efficiency of household livelihood systems at high-dyke areas in An Giang province
Lam Thanh Si, Chau My Duyen Abstract
.•\n G u n g IS a province firstly and directly affected by floods which cause disasters such as flooding, production losses, traffic restrictions, erosion, and atlecl household livelihoods The study used a sustainable livelihood framework (DFID. 1999) to explore factors that motivate and hinder the livelihoods of households, meanwhile comparing livelihood resources inside and outside the dike to propose solutions for improving household livelihoods.
Key Informant Panel (KIP). Focus Group Discussion (FGD). and household interview methods were used.
182 households inside and outside the dyke in 2 districts of An Phu. Phu Tan, and Tan Chau Town. An Giang 103
iinaiiei lal Province were inter\iewed. Descriptive statistieal tools and .Ajiova analysis were used to show hvelihi- livelihood resources, the \-ulnerabiht> of Uvelihood strategies, and financial efficiency. The research r. ' " " ' thai, in the present conditions, the household had abundant labor resources but the number of depen- , ^ "'^'i^
die difficulties in h ^ n g costs and education levels of the household member was low. However, in tei ,• • nauu.d capital, the area of ownership of the models varied considerably Financially, the diversity of bou.'-'-M'•'' iiuoine sources \% a,', not high Regarding social capital, the low participation rate of the association, it limiied . ischolds access to information. In terms of physical capital, most households satisfied with transportation, in ciH'^'^- """^
dykes. And among three main livelihood activities was having the statistically significant difterenees n efficiency and aquacultural production was a promising model for households income.
Key words: Climate change, \-ulnerability, flood area, livelihoods
Ngdy n h d n bdi: 29/4/2020 Ngutfi p h d n bien: PGS. TS. D d o T h e A n h Ngdy phdn bien: 13/5/2020 Ngdy duyet d a n g : 2 0 / 5 / 2 0 2 0
NGHIEN CLTU NUOI TAO Spirulinaplatensis BANG NLfdC THAI AO NUOI CA L O C (Chantia striata) VA ANH HUONG CUA MAT DO NUOI DEN SU* T A N G SINH KHOI
Dfltfng Hoang Oanh', Nguyen Thi Triic Linh'.
Nguyen Hodng Lam va Ph^m Kim Long' TOM
TAT
Bai viet trinh bJv nghien eflu u n dung nguon nUde thii ao nuoi cd Idc da xfl ly de nudi tdo Spirulina platensis.
Tbi nghii'm gdm eo 4 nghiem thflc, mdi nghiem thflc lap lai 3 lin. Nghiem thflc 1: mdi trfldng nfldc thdi ao nudi c i loc ed mdt dp lao ban dau la 1 - 10' tb/ml. (10%). Nghiem thflc 2: mdi trfldng nfldc thii ao nudi cd ldc cd mat d p tdo ban dau la I ..^ • 10' lb/mL(15%). Nghiem thfle 3 mdi trfldng nfldc thai ao nudi cd Idc cd mat d p tdo ban dau Id 2 ^ 10' ib/mL (20%). Nghiem thfle ddi ehflng: Mdi trfldng Zarrouk co mat dp t i o ban dau Id i » 10' tb/mL (10%).
Ket qud nghien eflu cho thay NIT dat mat dp dai cUe dai 52 681 ± 2 8 ! tb/mL d ngay nudi thfl 15, cd sinh khdi tdo thu dflpc 8.8f* .1 0,24g/L N 12 m i l dp dat cflc dai 54.134 + 489 tb/mL d ngay nudi thfl 13, cd sinh khdi t a o t h u dflpc 10,29 ± 0,10g/L. N T 3 m i t do dai cflc dai 54.617 ± 1.164 ib/mL d ngdy nudi thfl 11, cd sinh khdi tdo thu dflpc 10,6 ± 0,31g/L N T D C d.it m i l d p ciic dai ^-5 218 + 567 tb/mL d ngay nuoi thfl 16, co sinh khdi tdo thu dflpc 10,29 ± 0.29 g/L. Khi sfl dyng nfltfc thdi ao nudi cd loe d mat dp tdo ban dau 15 - 20% % dat sinh khdi tdo cao so vdi nudi tf mdt dp t i o ban dau 10% (p < 0.05). Hdm Iflong Protein eua ido ly le thuan vdi mat do nudi ban dau va ty 1^
nghjch vtfi ihdi gian nudi
Til khda: Spirulina platensis. Channa striata, nfldc thai nudi trong thiiy sin I.DATVANDE
N g h e nudi e i ldc (Channa striata) t r o n g nhieu ed tdo xoan Spirulina (Le H o i n g Viet vd N g u y e n Vd n d m qua dd m a n g lai hi?u q u i kinh te c a o c h o n h i e u Chdu Ngdn, 2015). D o dd, nfldc nuoi cd ldc chi c a n n d n g ddn tinh Trd \ ' i n h , n h a t Id huy?n T r i Cfl. Tuy bd sung lflpng n h d k h o d n g chat cd it, j d u n g d e n h i e n , \nec m d r p n g dien tich nudi m d i each tfl phdt nudi sinh khdi tdo Spirulina platensis dai chat Iflpng k h d n g t h e o sfl k h u y e n c a o vd quy hoach cua ngdnh tdt. Ngoii ra, tan d u n g n g u d n n u d e thai tfl n u d i ca n d n g n g h i e p d i d a n d e n nguy cP l d n ve d n h i e m mdi lde se de nudi tdo Spirulina platensis se tiet kiem chi trfldng nfldc. Sfl gia tang vc dien tich nudi k e o t h e o phi, gidm gia thdnh sdn p h a m d d n g thui gdp p h a n sfl su)' gidm •Jfle chiu tdi cfla m d i trfldng. Nguy ctf d lam gidm dflpe d n h i e m m d i trfldng.
n h i e m hflu Ctf di?n r d n g d e d p a p h i vd n g h i e m t r o n g Tdo Spirulina sp. dflpc d u n g t r o n g xfl iy m d i h e sinh thai thuy sinh Trong khi dd, n g u d n d i n h t r u d n g nfldc va la thflc a n giau d m h dfldng dflpc dfldng tfl nfltfc thdi ed ldc dflpc d d n h g i i l i chfla rat cdc ddi t u p n g thfly s a n , gia sue va gia ...Vti ^fl j '^
n h i e u chat d i n h dfldng cd t h e 1dm phi dfldng cac vi Tan d u n g n g u o n nfldc t h i i a o n u d i ea !-, .g („•; ._^^^' t a o k h i d f l p c t b i i trflc tiep v i o m d i trfldng, t r o n g d d h i m lflpng d i n h dfldng d e nudi ta< -mtim!^"^
' TrUdng D41 hoc T r i \ ' i n h