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AP DUNG PHUDNG PHAP NO MIN VI SAI PHI DIEN TRONG DAO LO XAY DUNG CU DAN
In the year of 2010, Institute of Mining Science and Technology (VI MS AT) has developed the application of the non - electrical delay detonators together with the drilling and blasting method for the roekaway driving at underground coal mines under the mining conditions of explosive dust and gas such as Quang Hanh, Ha Long, Uong Bl, Dong Bac and Vang Danh. In this paper, the authors introduces some Initial application results of the domestic non - electrical delay detonators to the roekaway driving operations at underground coal mines belonging to the Vietnam National Coal Mineral Industries Group (Vinacomin)
hyp ly, dudng khdng nhd nhlt, lopi dOt phd su' dung, lopi phuong tidn n l min
TS. LE VAN C6NG
TS. PHAM MINH DO'C
Viin Khoa hge Cdng nghg Md - Vinacomin
I.Dptvdndd
No min phi didn Id phuong phdp no min tidn tiln da duyc kilm djnh tai ede edng trinh n l 10 thidn. ede edng trinh ngim giao thdng. thuy dipn.
Phuong phdp ndy sir dgng kip vi sai phi didn. ddy truyin no phi dipn.
Hidn tai. trong cdc don vj khai thde than ham Id thuOe Tap Dodn Cdng nghidp Than Khodng san Vipt Nam (Vinacomin) dang dp dgng phuong phdp no min didn vdi
(thuoc n l . kip), v.v. Qua kinh nghidm no min tpi ede edng trinh thuy dipn trong vd ngodi nude eho thly, khi sir dgng kip vi sai phi dipn eho kit qua tot. Tir thye t l dd. Vidn Khoa hoc Cdng nghd Md-Vinaeomin (Vidn KHCN Md) dd nghidn CLTU dp dung phuong phdp no min phi didn trong ede md than ham Id.
2. GiO'l thipu phu'ang kip didn lopi MS (ed t h i tire Phap n l min phi dipn
thdi. hay vi sai) eua Trung Ope dilm noi bpt eua edng Quoc, dO tin cdy khdng eao. nghd n l Id sir dgng kip n l vi thudng hay phai xu ly min sai phi didn. Hd thing kich no cam, hope phai no Idm nhieu kip vi sai phi didn Id qud trinh dyt eho 1 guong. do dd t i n truyin tin hidu n l trong ong rat nhilu thdi gian vdo khdu nhya. Ong ed c l u tpo hai Idp.
nap. no min vd hipu qua no phia trong duyc phu mOt Idp min thap
No min Id mOt trong nhu'ng khdu quan trpng trong ehu ky thi cong ddo ehlnp Id. dae bipt khi dat dd ran chac vd dudng 16 eo tilt didn Idn. Dk hieu qua no min t i t can rat nhilu y l u to. nhu hO chilu khoan no min, luyng thulc no don vj
bOt hopt tinh, khi duyc kieh no, Idp bOt hopt tinh ndy se chuyin hod rit nhanh, lan truyin vdi t i e dO 2000m/s vd truyin tin hipu d i n kfp no. Khi khdi n l , sdng tin hipu no duyc truyin tir Id min khdi no vd theo thir ty se truyin d i n tat ca cdc Id min. Chinh sy lan
truyin sdng theo hudng djnh san dd Idm tdng hidu qua phd vd d i t dd, dong thdi, do sir dung kip vi sai ndn cdc 16 no trudc tpo thdm mat thodng, vi t h i tang hd so sir dung Id min.
K i t c l u mpng no su' dung kip vi sai phi didn. bao gom:
a. Kip vi sai phi dien Trong kip ehira mOt luyng thuoc no nhdm I (thudng diing azit ehi). mOt bO phdn trd no ehi vd mOt bO phdn ngdn edeh bdn ddn ddt trong bat bang nhdm hope kdm nham muc dieh an todn eao. ed tde dung ngdn bit k l mOt luyng tmh didn ndo ed t h i phdt sinh trdn ong tin hidu.
b. Day no
Ddy n l ed dudng kinh ngodi (4,8 -^ 6,2)mm, toe dO nd (6500 -;- 7200) m/s, kha ndng chju nude 12 gid vd chju duyc nhidt dO (-28 ^ + 50)°C tir 2 d i n 6 gid.
Ldi day ehua thulc no Ten (Tetraetyl Nitrat C5H8(ON02)4) hope (Petn) hope Tetrin (CH2(_N02)3NCH9N02) vdi soi ehf ddn hudng. vd Id lanh. vai bin. chju va dpp, chju kdo.
w Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Bdng 1. D$c tinh kp thu$t cua mgt s6 lo^l ddy nd
Lo^iddy Nw&e sdn xuit Ddy no chju nudc (Nga) Cordtex 3,6 (Australia) Cordtex 3,6 (Australia) IDL chju nudc
Ddy n l chju nude (TQ) Ddy n l Quic phbng 5g/m Ddy n l Quic phbng 10g/m Ddy n l Quic ph6ng 12g/m Riocord (USA)
^ ngodi eua ddy (mm)
6,1 4,65 4,65 5,4 5,8 6,2 3,82
Thudc n6 Idl Pent 14g/m Pent 3,6g/m Pent 10g/m Pent lOg/m Pent 12g/m Ten 5g/m Ten 10g/m Ten 12g/m Pen 6g/m
Tdcdg nSm/s 7000 6500 6500 6800 6500 7000 7000 7000 7000
Khi ning chfu nw&c,h 12h/sdu2m 24h/sdu 2 m 24h/sdu 2m 24h/sdu 2m 12h/sdu 2m 12h/sdu 2m 12h/sdu2m 12h/sdu2m 12h/sdu 2m
Khi ndng chju nhiit, °C - 1 8 ^ + 65°C
-42-H +50°C - 4 2 t + 5 0 ° C _ -42^ +50°C -42^ +50°C -28^ +50°C -28^ +50°C -28^+50°C -35^ +60°C Dk ndng eao dO I n djnh
trong moi trudng nude, cde Idp ngodi duyc phu bdng sdp vd Idp ngodi ciing duyc phu mOt ldp vd Polielovinin.
Theo edng suit, ddy n l duyc chia Idm 3 lopi, lopi edng suit nhd Idi thuoc tir 2, 3 d i n 6g/m; edng suit trung binh 10 - 20g/m vd edng suit eao tir 10-^20g/m.
MOt s l lopi ddy no duyc gidi thidu tai bang 1.
c. Cic phy kign khac.
Mdc ehCr J d l noi hp thing truyin tin hidu no vdi ddy no khi muon kit hyp hai hp thong khdi n l ndy vdi nhau, mdc bdng nhya, ed mdu khde nhau, bilu thj mirc dO n l chdm d i n miligidy.
The mdu, trdn dd ghi s l vi sai vd thdi gian vi sai danh djnh.
Ddy truyin tin hidu.
MOt d i u eua Ing ddn tin hidu duyc kpp chdt vdo kip n l nhd mOt nut kin, Trong kip nd ed mOt Ing bdn ddn 6k truyin cdc didn tich, tich tu trong Ing ra thdn cua kip n l (md khdng gay ra tia lua dipn). d i u kia duyc bjt kin 6k tranh hoi I m thdm nhpp vdo, g i n vdi mdc J vd the ghi thdi gian vr sai. Day
truyin tin hidu cd c l u tpo Id mOt Ing nhya, mdt trong phu mOt Idp bOt chit n l Trimetrilen (3H6N3(N03)3) vdi mpt dO trdng 17 mg/m.
Wu nhugc diim cua n6 min phi dl^n:
* An toan
T i t ca cdc c l u kidn eua hp thong kich no phi dipn d i u duyc lap rdp s i n trong nhd mdy, an todn hon so vdi cdc c l u kipn phai eat vd n i i ngodi hipn trudng. 6ng tin hipu khdng bj kich n l bdi sdng radio t i n s l eao, didn tmh hope didn Ipe, ngpn lua, ma sdt hay va ehpm cd t h i xay ra d ngodi bai n l . Tuy nhidn, cdc bO phpn c l u thdnh cua kip n l trong mpi lopi hd thing kieh n l d i u cd t h i bj t i n hpi n l u thao tdc khdng dung cdch.
* Dan gian vi linh hopt Cde chi tilt cua hd thing kich n l phi didn duyc k i t n i i vdi nhau mOt each don gian, nhanh chdng 6k thyc hidn cdc ydu c l u n l min tir co ban d i n phue tpp. Cdng tac huin luyOn vd thyc hdnh nhanh chdng do mpng d i u n i i don gian, cdng nhdn dd tilp thu, d l thyc hanh. Cdc i l n n l d i u n i l nhanh (trong khoang 5
phut cho mOt guong 21,5m^
so vdi it nhlt Id 15 phiit khi d i u mang no su dung kip vi sai dipn trong cung dilu kipn gilng nghidng Quang Hanh).
Kich n l bdng mdy no min thdng thudng.
* Phi dipn
Khdng sy cham didn, mat didn ndn cde guong Id dii bj am, nudc dOt vdn d i u nii tot;
* Kich no tu diy lo min
Vdi hd thing kich n l phi didn cd t t i l ttiyc hidn duyc vide kieh no da vi sai tir ddy l l khoan.
*Khdng gidi hpn thdi gian visai Khi vi sal dudi Id duyc kit hyp vdi vi sai tren mpt, bang phuong phdp d i u noi don gian cd t h i d i u n i i mpng no cd s l luyng khdng gidi han cdc s l vi sai lien tilp.
*Giam thieu hiin tugng cXtt day v l n 6k 6u\. day trong 16 min h l u nhu cd t h i duyc lopi trip, ly giai, do cac kip no vi sai nhpn duyc tin hipu kich n l trudc khi cOt thulc phdt no khd lau. day no duyc gia cdng tir vat lipu dai. dpng Ing. co dO b i n chong va dap. chlng dirt dirt va chong am...
^^^o^
w Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Bdng 2. Chl tiiu caly dit dd tai gwang chinh vd phy- Quang Hanh
Loai nham thach CuOi, Spn k i t Cdt icet BOt k i t
Sdrket
Do ben ndn a„
(kG/em') 809,03 730,41 441,15 249,76
Dg ben kdo (Tk (kG/cm')
125,79 87,11 51,01 27,62
Gde ma sdt trong
<p(dg) 34,5 34,1 33,2 32,9
Trpng
Iwgng the tfch (g/cm^)
2,57 2,58 2,66 2,65
Trgng Iwgng rieng
(g/cm') 2,66 2,68 2,73 2,71
Lwc dinh ket (kG/cm')
269 144,86 154,12 89,15
Dp kien CO f 8 - 1 0 6 8 4 - 6 2 - 4 Bdng 3. Cdc thdng so ky thudt khi no min phi dl^n-
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ndi dung Didn tfch ddo ke ca rdnh nudc Dien tich sir dgng, vi thdp CBn-27 Hd so dO kidn co ciia dd
So lup-ng 16 khoan/chu ky So 16 khoan khdng nap thuoc Lup-ng t h u l c n l don vj thuc te Lup-ng thuoc no / chu ky Chi phi kip n l / ehu ky Lup-ng dat dd n l / chu ky
Quang Hanh Dan vf (tinh)
m'
^ 2 - -
f 16 16 kg/m^
kg cdi m^
Tri so Gieng ehinh
21,6 19,6 4 ^ 6 67
Gieng phy 21,6 19,6 6 ^ 8 85 4
1.4 55,8
63 '
2,35 94,5' 81 65,4
Bang 4. Cdc chi tieu ca ly dit dd t^i Id dgc via dd mwe - 25 (Hd Rdng)
Loai dd
San k i t Cdt k i t Bpt k i t
Do ben ndn (Tn, kG/em'
989,95 885,10 444,50
Trpng Iwgng the tich (y)
g/cm^
2,59 2,65 2,66
Cde chi tieu ea Dd ben
kdo ak kG/cm^
111,20 59,20
ly dd ea bdn Lwc dinh
kit (C)
KG/cm'
384,70 167,74
Trgng Iwgng Atb g/cm^
2,66 2,71 2,73
Goc ndi ma sdt (<p) (do)
33,28 31,47
* Kiem tra mang no dan gian Mdc chtr J Id bO phpn ed thi nhin thly rat rd cua phuong tidn kieh no phi dipn, do do vide kilm tra bdng mdt todn bO bdi no sau khi duyc diu noi rit don gian.
3. Nhung ap dung d i l n hinh
Ban dau kip vi sai phi dipn duyc dp dung trong thi cdng epp gilng nghidng Quang Hanh vd eho kit qua rit kha quan, sau do, ede don vj, nhu Cdng ty than Hon Gai, Hp long. Nam Mdu, Vang Danh, Ddng Bac, Udng Bi (Dong Vdng vd Hong Thai) da dp dung loai vat lieu no nay, kit qua dp dung cho thay tinh hon
han eua kip phi dipn. so vdi kip didn hidn dang sir dung.
a) Tai Cdng ty than Quang Hanh
Cdng ty Xdy dyng md Him Id 1 - Vinacomin sir dung kip no vi sai phi dipn 6k no min thi edng gilng nghidng so 1 vd so 2 tpi md than Quang Hanh vdo thdng 1 1 - 1 2 ndm 2009 theo thilt k l eua Vidn KHCN md. Gilng ed didn tich ddo 21.5m^ trong dilu kidn tpp dd cdt kit, bOt kit. set kit ed dO kidn CO tir 4^8 (theo Protodiaconov); gde nghidng 12° vd 24° Thuoc no su' dung lopi P 113.
MOt so ehf tidu eo hoe dd tpi cap gilng ehinh, gilng phu md than Quang Hanh duyc gidi thidu trong bang 2, cde thdng so ky thudt no min phi didn trong bang 3, hO ehilu khoan no min su' dung kip no vi sai phi didn duyc mo ta trdn hinh 1.
b) Tai Xi nghiep than Hi Ring
Trong nam 2010 vd 2011, Xi nghipp than Hd Rdng sir dung kip no vi sai phi didn thi edng Id doe vfa van tai dd mirc -25, theo thilt k l cua Vidn KHCN Mo.
Cdc chf tieu eo ly trong bang 4, ede thdng so eua dudng Id xem bang 5, ede ehf tidu
w Thong tin khoa rioc cong nghfe mo
HO CHlCU KHOAN N6 M I N t - e - D
II
,S* " t , w ^ '•' "•
1 .k<
p •! '•,'1 , (.M ^ ' , / r ,
. t .It ^
1 H J O ' ;
, 4M , lib . t n ,
' . .. , . ^
» i»i ft- '^- /Me ' i ''•'**
kill , a « • « , wt , «:0 ^ r
H/n/71. Hi ehieu khoan n6 min thi edng ddo ^y„^ 2. Hg ehieu khoan no min thi cdng Id dgc gieng nghidng - Cdng ty than Quang Hanh. ^/g di mwe - 25 t^l XI nghiip than Hi Rdng Bdng 5. Ddc diem ea bdn eua dw&ng Id dgc via dd mwe -25 (Hd Rdng)
TT
1 2
Tdn dw&ng Id L6 doc via dd muc -25 (chong bdng vi neo) Lo doc vfa dd muc -25 (chong bdng v! sdt)
(m^)
15 16
(m^)
13,9 12,8
Chieu cao Ha(m)
3,54 3,68
Bc(m)
4,95 5,12
B,d (m)
4,75 4,63
Chu vi ddo khdng tfnh
nen (m)
9,9 10,2 Bang 6. Cdc chi tieu khoan no min (Id dgc via dd vin tdi mwe -25 md Hd Rdng)
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Cdc chl tidu Chi phi thuoc n l P113/ chu ky Chl tidu thulc n l don vj Hd s l sir dgng l5 min Chieu sdu 16 min So lup-ng 16 khoan
Tiln do (Jdo phd gu-o-ng 1 chu ky S l mdt khoan cho 1 ehu ky ddo
Ky
hiiu
Q
.3.
n
1 Ng
Dan vj (tinh)
kg/ek kg/m^
m
J6
m m
Ld dpc F=4-i-6
28,6 1.25 0,85 1,80 49 1.53
89
via di vin tai mwe -25 F=6+8
40,0 1,74 0,85 1,80 60 1.53 109,2 khoan n l min bang 6 vd hO
ehilu khoan n l min hinh 2.
c) Tpi cdng ty than Vdng Danh
Nam 2011, sir dung kip n l vi sai phi didn thi cdng gilng ehinh +110/-200, gilng phg +120/ -175, trong dy dn d i u tu khai thde phln Id gilng mirc +0 ^ -175 khu Vang Danh, theo thilt k l eua Vidn KHCN.
Gilng ehinh +110/-200 nghidng 16°, ddi 1137m (dd thi cdng duyc tir 600 H- 800m), didn tich ddo, Sa = 17,9m^. SLP dgng. Sc=12.8m^
Gilng phg +120/-175 nghieng 23°, dai 758m (dd thi cdng duyc 450 ^ 500m), diOn tich dao.Sa = 15.1m^ dipn tich sudgng. Sc= 12.5m^;
Thilt bj khoan, n l , bao gom may khoan elm tay YT-
28, thulc n l P113. kip vi sai phi didn, biia chen GIO. xiic b l e bdng may cdo dd giu qudng P-60B. k i t hyp thu cdng, tdi trgc keo godng 3 tin.
dudng 900mm.
K i t c l u chong Id chu ylu Id vi chong thep Idng mdng vdi budc chlng 0,7m. chen bd tdng cot thep. MOt so dopn Id duyc chlng bang neo be tdng c l t thep (BTCT).
w Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
4. Hieu qua nd min su' dung kip vi sai phi dien khi dp dung tai cac md than hdm Id
Sau thdi gian dp dgng thir nghidm. hidu qua no min phi didn duyc tong k i t nhu sau:
a) Nang cao toe dg dao Id:
Khi sir dgng kip n l min vi sai phi dipn eho thly. tiln dO ddo 16 tdng 1.2 d i n 1.25 iln, so vdi su dgng kip vi sai didn;
hp s l sir dung Id min dpt tir 85 ^ 90%; hd s l thira tilt didn dudi 10%; khdng cd kip khdng no; mire dO vdng xa eua dit dd dudi 15m (chu y l u tpp trung trong khoang 5m, tinh tu' guong); thdi gian nap, n l min giam 40 d i n 50%.
b) Cai thign kich thu&c c&hat di sau khi no min
Kit qua theo ddi dp dgng kip vi sai phi didn tai gilng ehinh vd gilng phg md than Quang Hanh eho thly, hodn todn ed t h i khong c h l kieh cd da sau no min.
c) Cai thien dieu kien lam viec cua ngu&i thg md
Ydu cau nap min doi vdi kip phi didn khdng khde so vdi kip dipn, tuy nhidn vipe dau noi mang n l nhanh, don gian, thdi gian dau noi nhanh, gdp phan tang toe dO vd nang suit lao dOng, thdng qua dd cai thipn dilu kipn lam vide eua cong nhdn.
Kip vi sai phi didn SLP dgng thir nghiem chua phai la loai an todn bgi vd khi no. Cung thdi gian nay, Vipn KHCN md vd Cdng ty hod chat Z21 (BO quic phdng) dang thu' nghidm de san xuat loai kip vi sai phi didn an todn ham Id.
5. Kit luan
Thue t l su dgng kip vi sai phi didn tpi mOt s l don vj khai thde than ham Id, nhu Quang Hanh, Nam Mdu, Hdn Gai, Ddng Bac, Vang Danh, Hp Long... eho thly, vipe su' dung kip n l vi sai phi didn da giai quylt duyc ede vudng mdc khi sir dgng kip didn vi sai Id an todn; khdng eon hipn tuyng min cdm; giam tf Id dd qud ed; eo t h i tiln hdnh no todn guong Idn trong mOt Iln n l ; thdi gian d i u nii mpng no duyc riit ngdn 30% d i n 50%;
edng tdc d i u nii don gian vd r i t linh hopt.v.v.
Gid thdnh kip phi didn tuy cao hon kip didn, tuy nhidn xdt v l gdc dO kinh t l thi hidu qua hon.
Vide dp dung no min vi sai phi didn tpi ede md than him Id Id mOt bude tiln, giam thdi gian thye hidn edng dopn no min, hd try tich eye edng dopn xue ble vd tdng toe dO ddo Id.
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Nghidn eiru bidn phdp no min hyp ly sir dung kip no min phi didn nham ndng eao hipu qua no min vd tie dO ddo Id tpi gilng nghidng thdng gid +18 -^ - 172 vd Id xuydn vfa muc -110 md than Nga Hai Cdng ty TNHH MTV Quang Hanh Vipn KHCN Md, ndm 2009.
2. Bdo cdo nghien eiru bipn phdp n l min vi sai phi dipn nham ndng eao hipu qua no min vd toe dO ddo Id tpi dudng Id xuydn vfa mire +50; 160 X I nghipp than Hd
Rdng (Cdng ty TNHH MTV than Ha Long - Vinacomin).
Vidn KHCN Md 2011.
3. Thilt k l dp dgng phuong phdp no min bang kip vi sai phr dipn khi thi cdng gilng ehinh mire +110 H- -200, gilng phg mire +120 ^ -175 khu Vdng Danh (Cdng ty C l Phln Than Vdng Danh - Vinacomin). Vipn KHCN Md 2011.
4. Bdo cdo nghidn ciru lap phuong dn n l min hyp ly sir dgng kip n l vi sai phi didn ndng cao hidu qua no min vd t i e dO ddo 16 dpe vfa dd mire +160 (phdn khu II) mo Ho Thidn vd dilu chfnh hO ehilu khoan no min hyp ly trong Id ehy SU' dung kip didn vi sai tai Cdng ty TNHH MTV 91 (Tong Cdng ty Ddng Bac). Vidn KHCNMd 2011.
5. Thilt k l ky thudt thi cong no min hyp ly sir dung kip vi sai phi didn nham ndng eao hidu qua no min vd t i e dO ddo Id XV mire -50.11 - Cdng ty TNHH MTV than Nam Mdu Vidn KHCNMd 2011.
6. Thilt k l lap hO ehilu, bidn phdp thi edng no min bang kip no vi sai phi dipn dp dung eho ede dudng Id dd ed dii dilu kipn tpi khu md Cdi Dd. khu md Binh Minh (Cdng ty TNHH MTV than Hdn Gai - Vinacomin).
Vidn KHCN Mo 2011.
7. Applied explosives technology for eonstmetion and mining -Stig O Olofsson - 1997
8. Rock blasting and explosives engineering Per -
AndersrPersson- Roger Holmberg- Jaimin Lee - 1998.