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Dua nghi quyet Dal hoi X
cua Dang vao cuoc song
Tap c h i Cong sdn.1. ! 1,
XAY DUNG NHA NUdC PHAP QUYEN XA HOI CHU NGHiA VIET NAM
CUA NHAN DAN, DO NHAN DAN VA VJ NHAN DAN, MANG DAM NET DAN TOC VA NHAN DAO
NGUYEN THI DOAN
Trong qud trinh lanh dqa cdch mqng vd xdy dung nhd nu&c, Ddng ta vd Chu tick Ho Chi Minh dd xudt phdt tie truyen thong ddn toe vd ddc diim Viet Nam, van dung sdng tqo hoc thuyet Mdc • Le-nin ve nhd nuac cdch mqng; dong thdi, tiip thu co chqn Iqc tinh hoa vdn hoa cua nhdn loqi ve nhd nuac phdp quyen vd Icinh nghiem xdy dung nhd nude phdp quyen cua mot sd nuac tren the gidi, timg budc xdy dung vd hodn thien Nhd nude phdp quyen xd hoi chii nghia Viet Nam cua nhdn ddn, do nhdn dan vd vi nhdn ddn, mang dam net ddn toe vd nhdn dqo, phu hqp vdi dieu Icien cu the cua nude ta.
J l \ l tl
•HA nirac phap quyen xa hoi chu ghia Viet Nam vira co mot so dac trung chung cua nha nuac phap quyin vua co dac trung rieng cua nuac ta mang dam tinh dan toe va nhan dao dugc the hien a mot so diem sau: Nha nuac phap quyin xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam luon luon xac dinh muc tieu cao nhit cua minh la vi con nguoi; Nha nuac phap quyen xa hoi chii nghia Viet Nam la nha nuac ma moi quyen iuc thuoc v6 nhan dan, nhan dan su ditng quyen lire nha nuac mot each true tidp hoac gian ti6p thong qua cac ca quan nha nuac do minh trirc tigp biu ra; Nha nuac phap
quyen xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam dugc to chuc va hoat dong tren ca sa Hien phap, phap luat va the hien dia vi toi cao cua Hien phap va phap luat trong dai song xa hoi;
Nha nuac phap quyen xa hoi chia nghia Viet Nam la Nha nuac ma d do cac quyen lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap la thong nhat va CO sir phan cong, phoi hgp chat che giira cac CO quan nha nuac trong viec thuc hien cac quygn do; Nha nuac phap quyen xa hoi chii nghia Viet Nam la Nha nuac do mot dang duy nhit lanh dao - Dang Cong san Viet Nam.
' GS, TS, ijy vien Trung uong Dang, Pho Chii tjch nuoc ,S6 803 (thang 9 nam 2009) 3
Dua Nghi quyet Dai hoi X cua Dang vao cuoc song T a p chf C d n g s o n
Thod gian qua, viec xay dtmg Nha nude phap quyen xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam cd tien bo tren ca ba linh vuc lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap. Siic manh khoi dai doan ket toan dan toe - mot trong nhiing nhan td quyet dinh thang Igd ciia each mang Viet Nam d bat ky giai doan nao, da dugc phat huy d moi cap, moi nganh. Dan chu ngay cang dugc md rdng. Dan chu xa hdi chu nghia vira la muc tieu vija la dong lire cua cdng cuoc ddi m(5i, xay diing va bao ve Td qudc, the hien mdi quan he gan bd giira Dang, Nha nude va nhan dan. Qudc hdi da cd nhieu ddi mdi quan trong, tap trung vao thirc hien chire nang lap phap, quyet dinh nhiing van de quan trong cua dat nude va quyen giam sat tdi cao. Dieu nay dugc the hien rat rd d each thuc Qudc hdi lay y kien rdng rai cua eac tang Idp nhan dan trong xay dung va ban hanh phap luat. Thdng qua hinh thue dan chu true tiep va gian tiep, nhan dan dugc tham gia quyet dinh nhiing van de quan trong ciia dat nude. Ca cau va hoat ddng ciia bd may hanh phap, tu phap dugc phan dinh ngay cang rd rang, cu the han va cd nhieu chuyen bien tich circ. V(5i Quy che Dan chu d ca sd, hoat ddng cua Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam va cae doan the chinh tri - xa hdi ngay cang cd hieu qua thdng qua cac eude van ddng xa hdi day y nghia, thu hut dugc ddng dao cae tang Idp nhan dan tham gia, ddng gdp tich ctic vao cdng cuoc xay dimg va bao ve Td qudc.
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhimg thanh cdng da dat dugc thi viec xay dimg va hoan thien Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehii nghia eiia nhan dan, do nhan dan va vi nhan dan tren thue te van edn nhieu tdn tai, han che va yeu kem: "Td chire va hoat ddng ciia Nha nude,
Mat tran Td qudc va cac doan the nhan dan edn mdt sd khau cham ddi mdi. Qudc hdi edn liing tung trong viec thuc hien chire nang giam sat. Bd may quan ly nha nude cac cip, nhat la d ca sd edn yeu kem. Tinh trang nhiing nhieu, cua quyen, thieu trach nhiem d mdt sd bd phan cdng chuc, nhat la d cae ca quan tnrc tiep giai quyet cdng viec cua dan va doanh nghiep, cham dugc khac phuc. Md hinh td chuc chinh quyen dia phuong, nhat la td chuc Hoi ddng nhan dan, edn nhirng diem bat hgp ly. Cai each hanh chinh chua dat yeu cau. Hoat ddng cua Mat tran Td qudc va cac doan the nhan dan a nhieu nod edn mang tinh hanh chinh, hinh thuc. Dan chii trong xa hdi edn bi vi pham, ky cuong, ky luat d nhieu noi khdng nghiem"'i^ Hon nira, cdng tac tuyen truyen, giao due phap luat ddi vdi nhan dan edn han cha... . > ... :.
De khac phiae cac tdn tai, yeu kem va phat huy truyen thdng dan tdc, nhan van, nhan dao cua Nha nude phap quyen xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam, can tap trung thtre hien tdt mot sd ndi dung sau:
1 - De dap irng yeu cau each mang trong giai doan mdi. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam dugc ngudi lam ehii la nhan dan tin nhiem va tin cay giao trach nhiem lanh dao Nha nude, can phai nang tam tri me va tu tudng, nang cao nang lue lanh dao va phong each lanh dao, kien quyet khac phuc benh quan lieu, thanh tich, co hdi, thuc dung van cdn dau dd trong mot bo phan khdng nhd can bd, dang vien. Phong each lanh dao ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh can dugc hoc tap va lam
(1) Van kien Dqi hoi dqi bieu loan qudc ldn thii X.
Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia. Ha Npi 2006, tr 64
4 S6 803 (Ihang 9 nam 2009)
Dua Nghi quyet Dai hoi X cua Dang vao cuoc sdng T ^ p chi C d n g s a n
theo mdt each cd hieu qua, ndi can phai di ddi vdi lam va lam mot each thi&t thuc. Su lanh dao eiia Dang ddi vdi Nha nude la mdt trong nhirng dac trung co ban cua Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chit nghia Viet Nam da dugc quy dinh rd trong Di6u 4 Hi6n phap nude Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam.
Dang lanh dao Nha nude, khdng bao bien, lam thay cdng viec eiia Nha nude nhung Dang phai nam cbac cdng viec eiia Nha nude de khdng bi ddng, lung tiing trong lanh dao Nha nude. Ddng thdi. Dang phai ludn khac phuc nguy co tiem an ciia mdt dang cam quyen, nhu: xa dan, chii quan, duy y chi va quan lieu trong xay dung ehii truong, dudng Idi; de ap dat y mudn chu quan ddi vdi cac co quan nha nude hoac tu dat Dang len tren Nha nude va phap luat. Vi vay. Cling vdi qua trinh tir ddi mai, tir chinh ddn, thue hien nghiem tue cac nguyen tac td chirc va sinh boat dang lam cho Dang thuc su trong sach, virng manh, can phai ddi mai ndi dung va phuong thirc lanh dao ciia Dang ddi vdi Nha nude va he thdng chinh tri.
Trudc mat, cSn tap trung nghien cuu, tdng ket thue tien de phan dinh va lam rd mdi quan he trong co che "Dang lanh dao, Nha nude quan ly va nhan dan lam chii" trong di6u kien phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chii nghia va ehii ddng hdi nhap qudc t6. Day la van de het sire quan trong, vira bao dam giir vung vai trd lanh dao cua Dang, nhung khdng budng long, "khoan trdng" cho Nha nude hoac bao bien lam thay Nha nude, vira phat huy vai trd quan ly cua Nha nude, vira md rdng dan chii va phat huy dugc quyen lam ehii cua nhan dan trong xay dung Dang va Nha nude. Xay dimg va hoan thien cae quy che
phdi hgp giira cae td chuc dang, cac ban cua cap iiy vdi eac ca quan, td chire nha nude va td chirc chinh tri - xa hdi...
2 - Nha nude Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam - dui5i sir lanh dao cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam, quan ly toan dien cac boat ddng kinh te - xa hdi, giu gin an ninh chinh tri, trat tu an toan xa hdi, cung cd va md rdng quan he ddi ngoai vai cac nude tren the gidi, ddng thdi, quan ly, dieu hanh moi boat ddng xay dung va thi hanh luat phap, can phai dugc hoan thien ve bd may td chirc, trong dd chat lugng cua eon ngudi trong timg td chirc, timg co quan cua bo may nha nude can dugc nang len mot tam cao m(5d. Nhiem vu cua Nha nude Cong hda xa hdi ehii nghia Viet Nam la thirc hien nguyen vong chinh dang cua nban dan va Cuong linh, dudng Idi cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, thuc hien nen kinh te tbi trudng dinh bucing xa hdi chii ngbia nham dua dat nude vung cbac tien den muc tieu "dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh". Day la nhiem vii het sue nang ne, do dd ddi hdi mdt nha nude cua nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan cd trinh dp td chuc hien dai vc5d dpi ngu can bd cd due, cd tai, cd nang lire quan ly, dieu hanh toan dien la yeu cau tat yeu khach quan hien nay.
3 - Can day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen phap luat de nhan dan hieu dirge ban chat dan chu cua Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chii nghia Viet Nam, nam viing va thuc hien quyen lam chu va nghia vu cdng dan eiia minh, hieu dugc moi quyen lire cua Nha nude deu do dan giao cho, cae co quan nha nude khdng tu cd quyen lire. Quyen lire eiia dan dugc the hien qua viec bau ra co quan dai dien cho minh de xay dung phap luat va
S6 803tthanu9nam2«09| 5
Dua Nghi quyet Dai hdi X ctja Dang vao cuoc sdng T p p c h i C d n g s d n
thi hanh phap luat, giam sat hoat ddng eiia bd may nha nude cac cap thdng qua cac bd luat nay. Dieu nay the hien tinh dan chu, tinh nhan van ciia Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehii nghia Viet Nam - Mdt nha nude mang tinh nhan dan sau sac.
Song song vdi viec tuyen truyen, phd bien phap luat, can day manh viec giao diic tu tudng dan ehii va y thirc tdn trong phap luat cho nhan dan (mdt diem con yeu hien nay), vi mire dp the hien dan chti va y thue tdn trong dan chti, tdn trpng phap luat, mire dp tham gia dong gop y kien dugc the hien thdng qua trinh dp hieu biet chinh tri, y thtre tu giac, Idng tir trpng va trach nhiem cua hp trong viec tham gia xay dtmg luat phap, giam sat viec thi hanh luat phap va tu giac chap hanh luat phap.
4 - Tiep tire ddi mdi td chirc va phuong thue boat ddng eiia Qudc hdi theo hudng:
xay dung Qudc hdi bao dam thue hien dung, day du va kip thdi tat ca cac quyen ban, nhiem via do Hien phap va luat quy dinh theo tinh than Dai hdi X cua Dang la: "Hoan thien eo che bau cu nham nang cao chat lugng dai bieu Qudc hdi..."(2); nang cao chit lugng, hieu qua trong viec quyet dinh cac van de quan trpng cua dat nude va thirc hien cac chire nang giam sat cua Qudc hdi; phat huy vai trd, trach nhiem, nang cao nang lire cua dai bieu Qudc hdi; tang cudng mdi quan he hai chieu giua Qudc hdi vdi nhan dan.
Cac cupc bau cu dan chu la boat ddng tieu bieu quan trpng nhat trong eac hoat ddng dan chu true tiep cua ngudi dan.
Thdng qua cac cupc bau cu Quoc hdi va Hdi ddng nhan dan, quyen cdng dan, quyen lam chu cua dan dirge th8 hien diing v(5i ban chat cua Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chii
nghia: mpi quyen lire thude ve dan, do dan va vi dan. Mire dp dan chu cua cupc bau cir Qudc hdi phia thude vao tu tudng, nhan thtre ciia cac co quan lanh dao ve quyen lam ehii ctla dan, ve trach nhiem cua dan ddi vdi co quan dai dien cho hp. Phai lam cho cupc bau cu Qudc hdi dung la ngay hdi etia toan dan, toan dan hang hai, nd nire chd ddn ngay dugc di bau co quan dai dien cho minh. Dd la eo quan dai dien quyen lire cao nhat Ciia dan cd co cau hgp ly, hdi tu day dii dai bieu ciia cae dan tdc anh em tren dat nude Viet Nam, hdi tit day dii tri tue, nang lire, ban linh, sire manh cua dan toe Viet Nam, mang dam net dan tdc, nhan van Viet Nam. . ,,,,,,',
5 - Coi trpng viec xay dung va hoan thien he thdng phap luat, bao dam cho luat phap the hien diing y ehi, nguyen vpng va quyen lire eiia dan, thtre sir bao ve dugc cac quyen eiia cdng dan. Nha nude quan ly, dieu hanh bang phap luat. Do dd, luat phap chiem vi tri tdi thuong trong hoat ddng cua Nha nude va trong ddi sdng xa hdi. Mdt trong nhirng bieu hien ciia Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehii nghia la phap luat eiia Nha nude dugc the che hda va bao ve quyen eiia cdng dan va quyen cua eon ngudi. Dieu nay the hien tinh nhan van, nhan dao sau sac cua he thdng luat phap thude Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam. Mudn vay, viec xay dijng, hoan thien he thdng phap luat va td chirc thtre hien he thdng phap luat phai tuan thii cae nguyen tac: Mot Id, bao dam su phii hgp giira y chi chu quan vdi tdn tai khach quan trong xay dimg va hoan thien he thdng phap luat. Hai Id, bao dam dan ehii
: ; : ' • •
(2) Vdn ki?n da ddn, tr 126
6 S6 803 (thang 9 nam 2009)
Ehia Nghi quyet Dai hdi X cua Dang vao cuoc sdng T p p c h i C d n g s d n
trong xay dung phap luat. Ba Id, bao dam phap che trong xay dung va hoan thien he thdng phap luat. Bon Id, bao dam tinh khoa hpe trong xay dung va hoan thien he thdng phap luat. Nam Id, bao dam tinh hieu qua ciia dieu chinh phap luat. Sdu Id, bao dam sir phii hgp giira phap luat qudc gia vdi luat phap qudc te ma Nha nude ta da tham gia ky ket hoac gia nhap; Bay Id, bao dam sir lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi boat ddng xay dimg va hoan thien he thdng phap luat, td chuc thirc hien phap luat.
6 - Day manh cai each tu phap theo hudng: "Xay dimg he thdng co quan tu phap trong sach, viing manh, dan chii, nghiem minh, bao ve cdng ly, quyen con ngudi. Day manh viec thuc hien Chien luge cai each tu phap den nam 2020. Cai each tu phap khan truong, ddng bd; lay cai each boat ddng xet xu lam trpng tam; thirc hien co che cdng td gan vdi boat ddng dieu tra. Xay dung co che phan quyet ve nhirng vi pham Hien phap trong hoat ddng lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap"(3'. Cai each tu phap phai the hien va phat huy cac quan diem cua Dang ve van de nay. Dd la, cai each tu phap phai bao dam giu virng ban chat dan chu xa hdi chu nghia eiia dan, do dan, vi dan eiia cae eo quan tu phap; phai dugc tien hanh ddng bd vdi ddi mdi td chire va boat ddng eiia co quan lap phap, hanh phap, bao dam sir phan cdng rd rang va sir phdi hgp chat che giira cae co quan thuc hien quyen lap phap, hanh phap, tu phap tren co sd quyen lire nha nude la thong nhat, khdng phan ehia; cai each td chik va boat ddng ciia cac eo quan tu phap phai bao dam tinh tdi cao ciia Hien phap, luat, bao dam hieu lire, bieu qua quan ly nha nude bang phap luat; td chuc va boat ddng
tu phap phai cdng bang, binh dang va dan chii, tdn trpng va bao ve cae quyen tu do cua eon ngudi; cai each td chirc va boat ddng tu phap phai dap irng cae yeu cau ciia hdi nhap qudc te va khu virc.
7 - Tiep tiic cai each manh me nen hanh chinh nha nude. Nen hanh chinh nha nude la he thdng cac co quan hanh chinh nha nirdc d Trung irong va chinh quyen dia phuong, CO sd gan vcM he thdng the che hanh chinh, dpi ngii can bd, cdng chire va he thdng quan ly tai chinh cdng, tai san cdng, thuc thi quyen hanh phap de quan ly, dieu hanh cac linh vuc etia ddi sdng xa hdi. Nd bao dam cho boat ddng quan ly nha nude ddi vdi cac linh vuc ddi sdng xa hdi dugc thtre hien theo chuong trinh, ke hoach da de ra; \\x ly cac tinh hudng, dien bien phat sinh trong ddi sdng xa hdi, bao dam trat tu, an toan xa hdi; timg budc nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than eiia nhan dan. Trudc mat, can tap trung: "Day manh cai each hanh ebinh, ddi mdi td chirc va boat ddng ciia Chinh phii theo hudng xay dung he thdng CO quan hanh phap thdng nhat, thdng sudt, hien dai. Luat hda eo cau, td chire eiia Chinh phii; td chuc bd quan ly da nganh, da linh virc, bao dam tinh gpn va hgp ly. Phan cap manh. giao quyen chu ddng ban nira cho chinh quyen dia phuong, nhat la trong viec quyet dinh ve ngan sach, ngudn lire, thuc hien nghia vu tai chinh ddi vdi Trung uong"''". Trong qua trinh thue hien phai cai each ddng bd cac yeu td cua nen hanh cbinb nha nude: Thu nhat, cai each the che nen
(.3) Van kien da ddn. tr 127 (4) Vdn ki^n da ddn, tr 126 - 127
S6 803 ithanu 9 nam 2009) 7
Dua Nghi quyet Dai hdi X cua Dang vao cuoc sdng T p p c h i C d n g s d n
hanh chinh. Thic hai, cai each td chirc va boat ddng ciia bd may hanh chinh nha nude d Trung uong va chinh quyen dia phirong;
Thu ba, ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng dpi ngii can bd, cdng cbirc; Thif tu, day manh cai each tai chinh cdng.
8 - Xay dtmg dpi ngii can bd, cdng chire du nang lire, pham chat; ddng thdi, day manh dau tranh chdng quan heu, tham nhung va nhirng tieu ctre khac dap iing yeu cau xay dirng Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chu nghia cua nhan dan, do nhan dan va vi nhan dan, mang dam net dan tdc va nhan dao.
Dpi ngu can bd cd vai trd quyet dinh su thanh bai eiia each mang va hieu lire, hieu qua boat ddng cua he thdng chinh tri- Can phan cdng lao ddng hgp ly dpi ngu can bd, cdng chire, tranh tinh trang bd may hanh chinh phinh ra qua ldn va dao tao, bdi dudng theo yeu cau nang cao chat lugng ea ve nang lire va pham chat dao dire. Thire hien trach nhiem trong de cu, bd nhiem chire vii lanh dao theo hu(Dng cap trudng gidi thieu cap phd, cap sir dung tnrc tiep gioi thieu de cap co tham quyen xem xet, quyet dinh. Phai ket hgp chat che cac khau quy hoach, dao tao, bdi dudng, danh gia, man chuyen, sap xep, bd tn, dieu ddng can bd va tang cudng cdng tac quan ly, kiem tra, giam sat can bd va cdng tac can bd de xay dung mdt dpi ngii can bd cd tam, dire, nang lire va thuc sir la cdng bde eiia dan.
Cd ngan chan va chdng dugc quan lieu, tham nhung mdi xay dimg dugc Dang, Nha nude trong sach, viing manh, thue sir la cua dan, do dan va vi dan. Toan bd he thdng chinh tri va toan dan phai cd quyet tam chinh tri cao dau tranh chdng tham nhung, lang pbi thi cupc dau tranh mdi cd hieu qua.
9 - Nha nude khuyen khich, tao dieu kien hon nira cho ngudi dan the hien quyen dan chu va trach nhiem cua minh thdng qua cae boat ddng tu quan d dia phirong va co sd.
Chuc nang, nhiem vii cua Nha nude dugc Hien phap quy dinh, song Nha nude khdng the lam bet mpi cdng viec trong xa hdi.
Hien nay, boat ddng tu quan etia ngudi dan dang dugc phat huy va da cd ddng gdp dang ke vao quan ly xa hdi. Day la ket qua quan trpng trong viec dan ehii hda eac hoat ddng kinh te - xa hdi, sir ddi moi rat eo ban ve mdi quan he giira Nha nude va nhan dan trong sir nghiep ddi mdi dat nude. Day cung la net dac trung co ban etia Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehii nghia Viet Nam - Mdt Nha nude mang tinh nhan dan sau sac. Thtre te da chung minh: o dau thtre hien tdt Quy che Dan chu d co sd, dan dugc tir quan cac boat ddng thi d dd mpi sang kien ciia dan, ngudn lire ciia dan dugc phat huy, dugc quan ly chat che, khdi doan ket thdng nhat trong dan dugc cung cd, tang cudng, gdp phan xiing dang vao xay dirng virng cbac he thdng chinh tri d eo sd; dac biet mdi quan he giua Dang - Nha nude va nhan dan dugc gan bd va phat huy vdi hieu qua cao. ;,,
Du(5i sir lanh dao sang sudt ciia Dang, sir nd lire phan dau cua cae nganh, eac cap vdi sire manh dai doan ket toan dan tdc va quyet tam thtre hien cua toan bd he thong chinh tri, nhat dinh chung ta se xay dirng thanh cdng Nha nude phap quyIn xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam ciia nhan dan, do nhan dan va vi nhan dan, mang dam net dan tdc va nhan dao thtre su vdi bao nhieu "quySn hanh va lire lugng deu d noi dan" nhu Chu tich
Hd Chi Minh hang mong udc. • ..,,
8 Sii 803 (Ihang 9 nam 2009)
