DMvaHpC 307
JSCAYSAY
2011
21
KT nang giang day tren Idp phu hdp VGI phiTcfng thufc dao tao theo tin chi
cua sinh vien trong thuic tap sir pham
ThS. Dl/dNG THI THOAN
Trudng Dai hpe Hdng Dfle
X
a hdi cang phat trien thi ehung ta cdng thay rd vai trd cua tri thUe ddi vdi su phdt trien xa hdi. Ngay nay, tat ca cde qudc gia tren the gidi deu nhdn thfle rang: "Giao dud Id chia khda md dudng di vao tUdng lai, dau tu cho gido dye Id dau tfl cho phdt trien bin vflng cua mpi nen kinh te, vdn hda, xa hdi"p-'). Nhan thfle rd vai trd quan trpng cua gido dye vd ddo t^o, ngay tfl khi bat dau cdng eude ddi mdi. Dang ta da khang djnh: Gido dgc Id muc tieu hang dau cija chien lupc phat trien kinh te xa hdi cfla dat nfldc.Nghj quyet Trung Udng 5 cfla Ban chap hanh Trung Udng Ddng Cdng san Vidt Nam khod VIII da chf ra: "Va'n de then chdt e£ia cdng nghidp hod, hien dai hod dd't nude Id phat trien ngudn nhan Ifle". Trong dd, gido dye vd ddo tao gifl vai trd then chdt, bho 6hm chat Ifldng ngudn nhdn lUe. Ho^t ddng gido dye dao t^o vd hieu qua cua nd phu thupc vao ndng luc, pham chat cua ngudi gido vien. Nha trUdng su pham can dao tao dpi ngu giao vien vfla "hdng" vfla "chuyen", cd kien thfle khoa hpe cd ban, ndng lye sfl pham d l trd thanh ngfldi gido vien ed trinh dp eao. Dieu do ddi hdi phai "nang cao trinh dp dpi ngu edn bd giang day 6 trUdng sU pham, nhat la ddi vdi cde mdn nghiep vu su ph^m" '''•'^' nham khdng chf trau ddi trinh dp khoa hpc cd b^n, kha nang nghien cflu khoa hpe md edn can ddc biet ehu trpng ren luyen tay nghe sU pham cho sinh vien thdng qua hoat ddng ren luyen nghiep vy sU pham, dUde tien hanh ngay tfl khi hpc sinh mdi vao trfldng cho den khi ra trfldng, ma tiep tyc diln ra sudt eude ddi day hpc, giao dye cua gido vien.
Theo bdo cdo tdng ket thfle tap sfl ph^m hang nam eua mdt sd TrUdng D?i hpe sU pham vd thfle tiin gido dye d cde trudng phd thdng cho tha'y sinh vien su pham va gido vien mdi ra trudng cdn yeu ve cde ky ndng nghiep vy sU pham, trong dd cd cac ky nang giang day. De phat trien gido dye, trude hit phai ed dpi ngu gido vien gidi ve chuyen mdn, vflng vdng ve nghiep vy sfl ph^m. Mudn cd dpi ngu ngu giao vien vfla "hdng" vfla
"chuydn", cde nhd trfldng sfl pham phai xdy dflng ndi dung, chfldng trinh ddo tao th^t sfl khoa hpc, phu hpp vdi yeu cau eua thfle tiln phdt trien da't nude va thdi dgi.
M$t khde, ngdy nay do sfl phat trien vUpt bdc cua khoa hpe- ky thu^t va cdng ngh§ da anh hudng Idn den nen gido dye Vi^t Nam vd thd gidi, Ifldng kidn thfle Idn khien cho phfldng thfle
dao tao theo nien ehe cflng nhae, thu ddng... khdng cdn phu hdp. Xa hdi ddi hdi ede trfldng Dai hpc ndi ehung vd Dai hpc sfl pham ndi ndng "phai thfle sfl ddi mdi chfldng trinh, ndi dung, phfldng phdp dao tao. Cdng tde quan ly dao tao theo hfldng bien qua trinh dao tao thanh qud trinh ty ddo tao, gido dye dai hpc phai phdt huy tdi da tilm nang va kha nang eua ngfldi hpc, gdp phan ndng cao chat Iflpng ddo tao, nhanh chdng chuan bi dilu kien va chij ddng hdi nhap gido dye dai hpe qudc te, gido dye dai hpc phai thfch flng vdi kinh te thj trfldng'^"^' De dap flng dflpe nhflng ddi hdi nay, phfldng thfle ddo tao theo tin chf dflpe ede trfldng dai hpc, cao dang dp dyng nham phdt huy tfnh tich cfle, chu ddng cua ngudi hpe. PhUdng thfle dao t^o nay va nhflng yeu cau eua nd da lam thay ddi vj trf, chfle ndng cua ngfldi gido vien tren Idp, ddi hdi ngfldi giao vien hien d^i phai hinh thanh dfldc nhflng ky ndng d^y hpc mdi va ngay ea nhflng ky nang day hpc tmyen thdng da dfldc djnh hinh thdnh trflde ddy eung phai cd nhung thay ddi nhat djnh ve ndi dung vd phfldng phdp eho phu hdp vdi sfl phdt trien cua xa hdi.
Vi vay, ve mat ly ludn can phai lam rd mdt sd van de:
Phfldng thfle dao tao theo tfn chf; Ky nang giang day trdn'Idp phu hdp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chf...
1. Phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chi:
Ld phfldng thfle dao tao linh hoat vd mem deo, trong dd sinh vien dfldc chfl ddng lap ke hoach va dang ky hpc tap, tich luy tflng phan kien thfle theo tien dp phu hdp vdi ndng Ifle va dilu kien eua ban than, nhd trfldng nhdm hoan thdnh chfldng trinh ddo tao de dfldc cap bang tdt nghiep.
Trong day hpe theo nien che, gido vien dp dung rat nhieu phUdng phdp giang day nhfl: thuyet trinh, xemine, thao ludn nhdm, thUc hdnh, thi nghiem... PhUdng phdp hpe tap d tren Idp cija SV cdn thy ddng, chij yeu la nghe giang, ghi chep, hpc thude Idng, if tham gia vao bdi giang. Ve lUpng gid edn chUa dupe da dang hod cde loai hinh, hinh thfle Ifldng gia lam chuyen de, lam bdi tap Idn edn ehUa dupe dp dung rpng rai.
Trong day hpc theo tfn chf, thdi gian hpc tren Idp cua sinh vien giam di 1/3, thay vdo dd Id thdi gian tfl hpe ph4i tdng len ma khdng giam yeu cau ddnh gid. Do dd, dd dam bdo chat lupng can phai giang day bang phUdng phdp tich eye: Cde phUdng phdp giang dgy theo nien ehe v i n tiep tyc dupe phdt
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huy cde diem manh, viec tich cue trong gid hpe eua sinh vien dupe dat len hang dau. De dap Ung dUde dieu nay, sinh vien phai nghien eUu tai lieu trUde khi den Idp, giang vien phai tang cfldng eho sinh vien tfl hpe ngay tren Idp bang each neu cde van de eua bai giang de sinh vien tim ra each giai quyet theo djnh hudng cua giang vien giup sinh vien ed thdi quen tU hpc.
Nhu vay, de thUc hien duac cac yeu cau trong day hoc theo tin chi giang vien phai sit dung cac phUdng phap day hoc tich cUc cdn ngUdi hoc phai tich cUc, chu dong trong gid hoc, tbh cUc tu hpc mot each cd hieu qua.
2. Ky ndng giang day tren tdp phu hdp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chi cija sinh vien trong thfle tap sfl pham
- Khdi niem giang day bat dau tfl viee tim hieu khdi niem day hpc. Trong Tam ly hpc, cd nhieu djnh nghTa khac nhau v l hoat ddng day hpc, song cde tac gia deu thdng nha't:
Day hoc la moi quan he taq ddng qua lai giUa giao vien va hoc sinh nham muc dich hinh thanh tri thUc, ky nang, ky xao, tao ra sU bien doi trong tam ly, hinh thanh nhan each ngUdi hoe.
Trong day hpc, ludn ed hai hoat ddng thUc hien hai chfle nang, do hai ehij the khac nhau thfle hien nhflng xay ra ddng thdi vd gan bd chat ehe vdi nhau dd Id: hoat ddng day va hoat ddng hpc.
Hoat ddng day do ngfldi thay giao thfle hien, hoat ddng day diln ra de td chfle vd dieu khien hoat ddng hpc vd hoat ddng hpc chf cd day du y nghTa cua nd dfldc diln ra dUdi sfl td chUe va dieu khien cua hoat ddng day. Vdi y nghTa dd, hoat ddng day va hoat ddng hpe hdp thanh hoat ddng day hpe, trong dd thay thUc hien chfle nang td chfle va dilu khien hoat ddng hpe, trd ed ehUe nang hanh ddng tfch cue de ITnh hdi kinh nghiem ma xa hdi tfch luy dUde, bien kinh nghiem xa hdi thanh kinh nghiem cd nhdn tao ra sU phdt trien tam ly cua chfnh minh.
Trong Tdm ly hpe va Giao dye hpe, rat ft tdc gia di sau phan . tfch rach rdi dUdc sU khde nhau gifla hoat ddng giang day vd hoat ddng day hpe, mdt sd tae gia lai ddng nhat hoat ddng day theo phUdng thfle nhd trfldng vdi hoat dpng giang day. Hoat ddng day va hoat ddng hpe trong hoat ddng day hpe ludn gan bd chat che vdi nhau khdng the tdeh rdi, nhflng khi xem xet rieng hoat ddng day de tim hieu nhflng pham chat, nang lue, nhOng ky ndng, ky xao.... nghi nghiep can thiet cija ngUdi thay giao, de tim hieu eae hanh ddng eu the cua viee truyen dat tri thfle, ky nang ky xao trong hoat ddng day cfla ngfldi thay giao nghTa la ehungita tim hieu hoat dpng day hpe d gdc dp giang day.
Tren cd sd ede khai niem trong Tam ly hpe, Giao dye hpc, giang day dflpe hieu Id: Giang day la hoat dong ciia ngUdi thay giao dinh hUdng, tochUe, dieu ehinh, dieu khien hoat dong ITnh hdi tri thUe, hinh thanh ky nang, ky xao cua hoc sinh trong hoat ddng day hoc.
Nhu da phdn tfch d tren, giang day la hoat ddng eua ngUdi thay giao djnh hudng, td chfle, dieu chfnh, dieu khien hoat ddng ITnh hpi tri thuc, hinh thanh ky nang, ky xao eija hpc sinh trong hoat ddng day hpe. Do dd, de thfle hien dfldc hoat ddng giang day, ngfldi giao vien can tien hanh ede bflde: Tim hieu hpe sinh.; Tim hieu va nam vflng chfldng trinh, ke hoach day hpe; Nam vflng ky thuat day hpc; Tim tai lieu va eae phfldng tien hd trd giang day; Chuan bj bai; Len Idp; Truyen thu tri thfle ly ludn, td chfle thao luan nhdm, hfldng dan thfle hanh, hfldng dan hpe sinh tfl hpe, lam bai tap...; Giao tiep vdi hpe sinh;
Kiem tra, ddnh gia ket qua hpc tap cua hpe sinh...
Nhflng hanh ddng tren ed the dfldc tien hanh trong hoac ngoai gid len Idp. Nhflng hdnh ddng giang day ngoai gid len
Idp gan chat vd hd trd tieh cfle eho hanh ddng giang day tren Idp, tao nen tfnh thdng nhat, nhat qudn eua hoat ddng giang day. Do vay, sfl phdn chia nhflng hdnh ddng giang day tren Idp va ngoai gid len Idp chf mang tfnh chat tUdng ddi. De thuan Ipi eho viee nghien cflu, chUng tdi dUa ra djnh nghra giang day tren Idp nhu sau: Giang d^y tren Idp la hoat ddng ciia ngUdi thay giao djnh hudng, td chUc, dieu chinh, diiu khien hoat ddng Tinh hdi tri thUc, hinh thanh ky nang, ky xio ciia hoe sinh trong qua trinh len Idp.
Ket qua hoat ddng giang day tren Idp cilia ngudi thay giao phy thupc vao nhilu yeu td: Vdn tri thfle hien ed, tfnh tieh cue hpe tap eua ngUdi hpc, y thfle trach nhiem, tfnh tfch cfle giang day, cd sd vat chat phuc vy eho day hpe... va ddc biet la phu thude vdo mfle dp thuan thue, linh hoat sang tao trong viec to chfle hoat dpng giang day cua ngfldi thay gido- tfle Id ky nang giang day eua hp.
Ky nang giang day tren Idp la sfl thfle hien ed ket qua hanh ddng giang day tren Idp cua ngUdi gido vien bang cdeh lUa chpn va van dyng nhflng tri thfle chuyen mdn va nghiep vu sfl pham can thiet trong nhflng tinh hudng giang day xac djnh.
Tren ed sd djnh nghTa ky nang giang day tren Idp vd phan tfch quan diem eija ede tde gia nghien cflu v l ddo tao theo tfn chf... ehung tdi dfla ra djnh nghTa sau:
Ky nang giang d^ytren Idp phu hpp vciphiKfng thuc dao t^
theo tin ehi la sU thUc hien cd ket qua hanh ddng giang day tren Idp cua ngUdigiao vien... phu hap vdiphuang thUc dao tao theo tin chi bang each lua chon va van dung nhOng tri thUe chuyen mdn va nghiep vu sU pham can thiet trong nhUng tinh huong giang day xac dinh.
Ky ndng giang daytren Idp phu h^ vdi phUdng thuc daot^
theo tin ehi eua sinh vien d^i hge suph^m trong thUe tap su pham (TTSP) la sU thUc hien cd ket qua hanh dong giang day tren Idp cua ngUdisinh vien trong thue tap supham, phU hap vdi phUdng thUe dao tao theo tin ehi bkng each lUa chon va van dung nhOng tri thUe chuyen mdn va nghiep vu sUpham can thiet trong nhOng tinh hud'ng giang day xac dinh.
- Ky ndng giang day phu hdp vdi phUdng thfle ddo tao theo tin chf trong TTSP la sfl nam vflng tri thfle ve ban thdn hoat ddng giang day theo hpc che tfn chf va kha ndng van dung mot each thuan thue nhflng tri thfle nay vdo thfle tiln hoat dpng giang day theo tfn chf trong nhflng tinh hudng xde djnh.
Nhflng tri thfle nay khdng ed s i n ma dfldc hinh thanh trong eude sdng vd hoat dpng ren luyen, cua ngfldi sinh vien.
Cang nam vflng tri thfle ve ban than hoat ddng, cdng tieh cfle ren luyen thi qud trinh hinh thdnh ky ndng cua hp cang diln ra d l dang.
- Ky ndng giang day phu hdp vdi phUdng thfle dao tao theo tin chf trong TTSP la sfl thfle hien ed ket qua mdt ho^t dpng giang day trong TTSP, nghTa la ben canh mat ky thudt cua hdnh ddng, gido sinh phai thUc hien hanh ddng dd mdt each thuan thye, vdi nhflng phfldng thfle linh hoat nham mang l?i hieu qua nha't dinh.
- Qua trinh giao sinh van dyng tri thfle de thfle hien cd ket qua hoat ddng chju sfl ehi phdi cua nhieu yeu td khdeh quan va chij quan nhfl: Vdn tri thfle v l hoat ddng giang day theo hoc ehe tfn chf, Tfnh tfch cfle ren luyen cua sinh vien, xu hfldng nghe nghiep, each thfle td chfle luyen tap ky nang giang day b trfldng sfl pham, cd sd vdt chat, cde phfldng tien d^y hpe ho trd, kinh nghiem giang day theo tin chi cua gido vien... Vide xde djnh cde yeu td nay cd the giup qud trinh ren luyen hinh thanh ky ndng giang day trong TTSP phu hpp vdi phUdng thfle dao tao theo tfn chf diln ra nhanh chdng, dat hieu qua cao.
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3. Cac ky nang giang day tren Idp phu hpp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chi cua sinh vien Dai hpc sfl pham trong thUc tap sU pham.
Hfldng ddo tao dai chung ddi hdi phUdng phdp day- hpe mdi, tfl chd ngfldi hoc la ngudi tidp nhan kien thfle thy ddng trong Idp hpe, theo quan niem hien nay, ngfldi hpe dflpe xem Id trung tam cua hoat ddng dao tao; phfldng phdp gido due dai hpe mdi coi trpng viec bdi dfldng ndng Ifle tfl hpe, tao dieu kien cho ngfldi hpe phdt trien tfl duy sdng tao, ren luyen ky nang thfle hanh... Vdi quan niem ay, trong xdy dflng ndi dung chupng trinh giang day can hfldng tdi viec giam bdt tfnh han lam, tang cfldng ren luyen ky ndng thfle hanh (tang sd gid thfle hanh, thao luan, xemina, tU hpc hoac tu nghien cflu tai lieu cua sinh vien...). Dilu nay giup sinh vien dap flng dfldc yeu cau thfle tiln eua edng vide sau khi ra trfldng.
Vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo hpc che tfn chf, hoat ddng giang day tren Idp co the gdm 5 kieu gid: ly thuyet, xemina, lam viec nhdm, lam bai tap, thfle hanh, thf nghiem. Hoat dong day - hoc ngoai Idp cd the gdm 4 kieu gid: Idm viec nhdm, tfl hpc, tfl nghieh cflu, tfl van, thfle hdnh, thi nghiem.
De phan chia cde ky ndng giang day tren Idp phu hdp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tfn chf eija sinh vien trong TTSP can dfla vao ede tieu chf sau:
- Can cfl vao dac diem ehung cfla viee phan chia eae nhdm ky nang giang day.
- Cdn cfl vdo hoat dpng giang day tren Idp phu hdp vdi phfldng thfle ddo tao theo tin chf eua ngfldi gido vien.... vd chia ky ndng giang day tren Idp phu hpp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chf eua sinh vidn trong TTSP thanh 4 nhdm ky nang:
Xac djnh ddn vj kien thfle ed ban trong giang day tren Idp theo hpc ehe tfn chf; td chfle gid giang tren Idp; sfl dyng phfldng tien khi td chfle hoat ddng giang day tren Idp; kiem tra, ddnh gid trong giang day tren Idp.
Nhdm ky ndng giang day tren Idp gdm:
- Ky ndng xde djnh ddn vj kien thfle cd ban trong giang day tren Idp theo tfn chf: Dd Id sU thUe hi&n cd ket qua hanh ddng xac dmh lUdng kien thUc ca ban trong giang day tren Idp theo tin chi ciia ngUdi sinh vien trong TTSP, bao gom cac hanh ddng:
Xac dinh duac dung dan kha nang hoc tap va cac ddc diem tam ly cua hoc sinh; Xac dinh dung dan luang kien thUc can truyen thu trong tUng gid giang; Che bien tai lieu hoc tap cho phu hap vdi hoc sinh va xac dmh dung dan cac ky thuat day hoe tren Idp bhng each lUa chon vd van dung nhUng tri thUe chuyen mdn va nghiep vu sUpham can thiet trong nhOng bai day xac dinh.
- Ky ndng xde djnh ddn vj kien thfle ed ban trong giang day tren Idp theo hpc che tfn chf bao gdm: Ky ndng hieu hpc sinh;
ehe bien tai lieu hpe tap cho phu hdp vdi hpe sinh; xde djnh ddn vj tri thfle ed ban trong tflng gid giang; nam vflng ky thuat day hpe va van dung eho phu hpp.
- Nhdm ky ndng td chfle gid giang day tren Idp: La sUthilc hien cd ket qua hdnh ddng giang day tren Idp theo tin chi ciia ngUdisinh viin trong TTSP, bao gom eae tianh ddng: TochUe truyen thu tri thUe ly luan eho hoc sinh, To ehCie eho sinh vien thao ludn nhdm; HUdng din sinh vien lam bai tap, thi/e hanh;
Hudng din sinh vien tUhoe, tUnghien cUu... tren Idp bang each Ida chon va van dung nhUng tri thUe chuyen mdn va nghiep vu sU pham cin thii't trong nhOng bai day xac dinh
Ky nang td chfle gid giang day tren Idp theo hpc chd tin chf bao gdm:ky ndng truyen dat tri thfle ly ludn; td chfle thao luan nhdm trong giang day;hfldng ddn sinh vien lam bdi tap, thfle hdnh;hfldng d i n tfl hpe, tfl nghien cflu.
- Nhdm ky nang sfl dyng phfldng tien khi td chfle hoat ddng
giang day tren Idp: La sU thUc hien cd ket qua eae phuang tien day hoc trong giang day tren Idp cua ngUdi sinh vien trong TTSP, bao gom cac hanh ddng: Si/dung phuang tien ngdn ngO;
phi ngdn ngU; Giao tiep vdi ngUdi hoc va sil dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong giang day tren Idp bang each lua chon va van dung nhUng tri thUc chuyen mdn va nghiep vu supham can thiet trong nhOng bai day xac dinh.
Ky ndng sfl dung phfldng tien khi td chfle hoat ddng giang day tren Idp theo hpc che tin ehi bao gdm: Sfl dyng phfldng tien ngdn ngfl; sfl dung phfldng tien phi ngdn ngfl; giao tiep vdi ngfldi hpc trong giang day tren Idp; sfl dyng cdng nghe thdng tin trong giang day tren Idp.
- Nhdm ky ndng kiem tra, danh gia trong giang day tren Idp:
La sU thUc hien cd kit qua cac hanh ddng kiem tra, danh gia trong giang day tren Idp ciia ngUdi sinh vien trong TTSP, bao gom eae hanh dong: Xac dinh ndi dung, hinh thUe va thdi luang kiSm tra cho phu hap, Dat cau hoi khi kiem tra; Xay dUng tieu chi danh gia ket qua kiem tra; Nhan xet, danh gia ket qua kiem tra...
tren Idp bang each lUa chon va van dung nhUng tri thUe chuyen mdn, nghiep vu sU pham can thiet trong nhOng bai day xac
dinh. ^ Ky nang kiem tra, ddnh gia trong giang day tren l(^theo
hpe ehe tin chf bao gdm: Xac djnh ndi dung hinh thfle va thdi Ifldng kiem tra eho phu hpp; dat cau hdi khi kiem tra; xdy dflng tieu chf ddnh gid ket qua kiem tra; nhan xet, ddnh gia ket qua kiem tra.
NhOng van de ly luan tren se la cd sd khoa hpe eho viec ren luyen ky nang giang day tren Idp phiJ hpp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chf cho sinh vien trong thfle tap sfl pham, tfl dd nang eao chat Iflpng TTSP ndi rieng, chat Ifldng dao tao gido vien ndi ehung.
Tai lieu tham kh^o
1. Le Thye Anh (2005), Ve dao tao nghe day hoc trong trUdng sU pham. Tap chiGiao dye dac san 5.
2. Nguyin Dinh Chfnh (1997), Hinh thanh 1^nang nghe nghiep cho giao sinh- mot yeu cau cap bach cua doi mdi giao due. Tap chf Dai hpc va Giao dye chuyen nghiep s601.
3. Nguyin Trpng Hieu (2008), NhOng kho khan trong cdng tac thUc tap sUpham ciia sinh vien, Tap chi Giao due sd 188.
4. Mai Oudc Khanh (1999), Nang cao chat luang nguon nhan lUc, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Npi.
5. Phan Thanh Long (2004), Cacbienphap ren luyen l<y nSng day hoc cho sinh vien cao dang sUpham, Luan an tien sTGiao due hoc, Dai hpc su pham HaNoi
6. Le Van TruSng (2007), Mot so'van de dao tao theo hoc che tin chi, Tai lieu chuyen khao. DH Hong Dflc- Thanh hoa.
TOM TAT
Ndi dung bai bdo da de cap den mot sd ly luan ve ky ndng giang day tren Idp phu hdp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin chf cija sinh vien DHSP trong thfle tap sfl pham. La sU thUe hien ed ket qua hanh ddng giang day tren Idp ciia ngUdi sinh vien trong thUe tap sUpham phu hap vdiphuang thUc dao tao theo tin chi bang each lUa chon, van dung nhUng tri thUe chuyen mdn va nghiep vu sUpham can thiet trong nhUng tinh huong gidng day xac dinh. Ky ndng giang day tren Idp phu hpp vdi phfldng thfle dao tao theo tin ehi ciJa sinh vien trong TTSP gdm 4 nhdm ky ndng: Xde djnh ddn vi kien thfle ed ban trong gidng day tren Idp; td chfle gid giang day tren Idp; sfl dyng phfldng tien khi td chfle hoat ddng giang day tren Idp va kiem tra, ddnh gid trong giang day tren Idp.
