Xac djnh gia trj nang IUdng trao do! cua bdt Id san tren gd thit giong LUdng phUdng
Tif Quang Hien', TO Quang Trung^ Hoang Ngoc Anh'
' P^i hpe Thai NguyBn
^Trudng tJai hpe m ph^m, D p hpe Th^i Ngjy^n ' Trudng P^i hpe nfing l^tn, P^i hoc Thai N ^ & n
Muc dich c£ia thi nghipm nay la xac dinh nang IUdng trao d6i (NLTD) cua bpt la san gidng KIVI94 cd SI/ higu chinh theo IUdng nitd tieh luy trong cd tiii' ga. Thi nghidm dUpc thUc hien vdi 60 gd 43-49 ngay tuoi, chia lam 2 Id, mdi Id 30 con. Lo 1 dUdc an khau phan cd sd (KPCS), Id 2 dUde an khau phan thi nghiem (KPTN) dUdc pho'i hdp tif 80% KPCS + 20% bdt la san, bo sung 1,5% khoang khdng tan cho cd 2 khd'u phan. Xdc djnh nang IUdng tho va phan tich vdt cha't khd (VCK), khoang khdng tan, nitd trong VCK cda khau phdn va chat thdi cCia 2 Id ga; tren cd sd do ti'nh NLTD eOa 2 khd^u phdn va bdt Id san. Ket qua cho thay: gia trj NLTD cua bdt la san gid'ng KM94 trdn ga thjt la 2150,5 keal/kg VCK bdt Id va 1943,8 keal/kg bdt la nguyen trgng (90,39% VCK).
TCr khda: bgt li sin, nang lUdng trao doi, nitd tich tuy.
Chi sdphan lo^i 4.2
DETEDMINATION OF W E META50LIC ENEDGY VALUE OF KM94 CASSAVA LEAF PO\[/DED ON LUONG
PHUONG 5DOILED CHICKEN
SLTTHay
The objective of this study Is to determine the metabolic energy of KM94 cassava leaf powder with the correction based on the nitrogen retention in chicken body. The study has been carried out on 60 Luong Phuong broiler chickens from 43 to 49 days of age, which have been divided into 2 groups with 30 chickens per group. The chickens of group 1 have been fed a basal diet (BD); those of group 2 have been fed a experimental diet containing 80% of BD + 20% cassava leaf meal; and both diets have been supplemented with 1.5% insoluble mineral. Crude energy and dry matter (DM), insoluble mineral, nitrogen in DM of the diets and fecal of 2 groups have been determined;
thence, the metabolic energy of two diets and cassava leaf meal has been calculated. The results have shown that metabolic energy values of 1kg DM and 1 kg cassava leaf meal with 90.39% DM content have been 2150.5 keal and 1943.8 kcal respectively.
Keywords: KM94 cassava leaf meal, metabolic energy, nitrogen retention.
Classification number 4.2
ergy, | D^t van de
Cdy san dupe trong phd bie'n d Viet Nam. San pham eCia edy sdn bao gom cu vd Id. La san tan thu sau khi thu hoach cu co the dat dUdc 3-5 td'n la tUPi/ha, tUdng dUdng vdi 0,8-1,5 tdn b5t Id/ha; sdn trong de thu Id (khdng thu cu) CO the d^t dupe sdn lupng la tUdi 25-30 tdn/ha/2 nam, tUdng dUdng vdi 7-8,5 tan bpt la/ha/2 nam [3],
Bpt Id san khd gidu protein (22-26%
trong VCK) vd gidu sac to (476-625 mg carotene ids/kg VCK) [3]. Sac X6 lam tang dp dam mdu cCia da, thjt vd long do trUng gd, tang ty le co phoi, ap nS cua trUng gia cam [2], Vi vdy, ph6i hdp bpt Id san vdo khau phan an cua gd se ndng cao dupc chd't lupng thjt va trUng.
Be phoi hpp bdt Id san vao khau phan an cua gd dupe ehinh xdc thi viec xdc dinh NLTD eua bpt Id sdn la can thiet.
Ddy eung Id mue tieu cua thi nghiem ndy,
Noi dung va phtftfag phap nghidn ciiTu
Doi tupng nghien cUu Id bpt la cua gidng san KM94, ga thjt gid'ng LUdng phUdng.
iMuuRUMifcVic^ mi 23
Thf nghiem dupc tie'n hdnh tai TrUdng Dai hoc nong lam (Dai hoc Thai Nguyen). Thanh phdn hoa hpe eCia bdt Id sdn, thUc an va chd't thai dUdc phdn tich tai Vien Khoa hpe sU song (Oai hoc Thai Nguyen).
Npi dung thi nghiem Id xdc dinh gid tri NLTD cua 1 kg VCK vd 1 kg bpt Id nguyen trang cua gio'ng sdn KM94.
Thi nghiem ndy sCf dung phUdng phdp xdc dinh gid trj NLTD cua thUe an (bpt la sdn KM94) co hieu chinh theo lupng nitd (N) tfch luy trong cd the gd.
Bd tri thi nghi$m:
Thi nghiem vdi 2 khau phan: 1) KPCS khong ed bpt Id san, 2) KPTN co bpt Id sdn, dupc hinh thdnh tu 80% KPCS + 20% bpt id san.
Moi khau phan dupc thf nghiem vdi 30 con (15 trdng + 15 mai) 6 giai doan 43-49 ngdy tuoi, dupe nuoi trong 5 long, moi long 6 con (3 trong, 3 mdi).
KPCS dupc phoi hop nhU khau phan an cua gd thit long mdu d giai doan 43-70 ngay tuoi (xem bdng 1).
Bing 1. thinh phan nguyen lieu cua KPCS
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
T h a n h p h a n n g u y e n lieu Bet nga
Cdm my Kho dau dau tUOng Bat cdi Methionin Mu6'i 3n OOP Premix vitamin Premix khoang
Ty le (%) 65,00
3,70 22,00 6,00 0,10 0,55 2,15 0,30 0,20
KPCS vd KPTN deu dupc bo sung 1,5% khodng khong tan trong axit chlohydric.
Cach tien hanh thi nghiem: gd dupc nuoi 6 con (3 trong + 3 mdi) trong mot long thf nghiem, dudi mdi long deu lot tam nilon de thu gom ehat thai rieng eua tUng long. Gd dupc Idm quen vdi thUe an thf nghiem 4 ngdy, thdi gian thf nghiem 3 ngay, gd dupc an, uong tU do. Chd't thdi d tUng long dupe thu gom 2 lan/ngay. Chat thai cua mdi lan lap lai eua 1 16 trong 3 ngdy dupc trpn deu vd bdo quan 6 -20°C cho den khi phan tfch mdu.
Cic chf tieu theo doi gom: chat kho (DM) eua khau phan va phan, nang lupng tho eua VCK cua
khau phan vd phdn (GE^ vd GE^), xy le khoang khong tan trong VCK cua khau phdn vd phdn (AIA^^
va AIAJ, ty le nitP trong VCK cCia khdu phan va phdn (N^ vd NJ.
Lay mau thUc an, phdn tieh VCK, phan tich protein tong so' theo TCVN. LUpng nitP (g) dUpc tinh bang ham IUdng protein (g).
NLTD bieu kien eua khau phan ME^ (kcal/kg DM) dupe tfnh theo edng thUc sau:
ME^ (bieu kien) = GE^ - GE^ x AIA^AIA^ (Seotd vaHall, 1998) [6]
NLTD eua khau phan ME^ (kcal/kg DM) dupc tfnh Iheo cdng thUc sau:
ME^ (hieu chinh) = ME^ - 8,22 x NR
Trong do, 8,22 Id ndng IUdng cCia uric acid (keal/g); NR la lupng nitd tich luy (g/kg), dupe tfnh nhu sau:
NR = (N^ - N^ X AlAyAIAJ x 1000/100 (Lammers va cs, 2008) [5]
Gia tri NLTD cija 1 kg VCK bpt la san dupe tfnh theo cdng thUc sau:
M E N c^a KPTN - ( M E N cua KPCS X 8 0 % )
UEn= — X1000
Gia tri ME^ cua bpt Id san nguyen trang di/dc tinh theo eong thUc:
ME^ cua 1 kg VCK x t^ le VCK trong b6t la san (%).
Cac so lieu thu thdp dUde XLT ly tren mdy vi tfnh bang phan mem Excel, version 7.0.
Ket qua va thao lu^n
Ket qua phan tich khau phan va chat thai VCK, protein, nang lupng thd, khodng khong tan (AIA) trong thUc an vd chd't thai cDa 2 Id gd thi nghiem da dUde phan tich, ke't qud the hidn trong bang 2.
Bang 2: ket qua phin tich cac khau phan vi chit thil (n = 5)
Ch
Thilc an
Ch^t thai tieu
KPCS KPTN Bot la s i n KPCS KPTN
VCK
(%)
88.62 89.00 90,39 28,02 27,41
Protein
(%)
20,1421 20,6268 22,9339 27,5252 28,3743
Trong VCK Nang lUflngtho
(kcal/kg DM) 4242,0 4373,2 4972,6 3317,5 3906,5
AIA
(%)
2.1861 2,1670
5.8922 5.5999
KHOAHOC
CbNGNGHE
M m' 24
T^ le VCK cCia bdt la san Idn hPn X^ le ndy trong KPCS. Do do, t9 le VCK cua KPTN (80% KPCS -I- 20% bdt Id san) cung Idn hdn KPCS. T^ le VCK trong chd't thdi eCia Id gd an KPCS Idn hdn Id ga an KPTN. Di^u nay la binh thudng, vi chd't thdi co nguon goc tU thUc an vd nude u6ng, ga thu nhdn nude uo'ng nhieu thi ty le VCK cua chat thai thudng thap hon so vdi thu nhdn it nude trong ngdy.
Ty le protein trong VCK cua bpt Id san cao hdn KPCS. Vi vdy, t^ le nay cila KPTN (80% KPCS + 20% bdt Id san) cung cao hdn KPCS. T^ l§ protein trong chd't thdi cua Id gd an KPTN Idn hon cCia Id ga an KPCS co the do ty le protein trong KPTN eao hPn KPCS va cung cd th^ do protein eua KPTN co ty Id tidu hda, hap thu tha'p hdn so vdi KPCS.
Nang lupng thd trong 1 kg VCK cOa bdt Id san Idn hdn so vdi KPCS, vi vdy ndng lupng thd eCia KPTN cung Idn hdn so vdi KPCS. Ndng IUdng thd trong ehat thdi cOa Id gd dn KPTN Idn hdn KPCS eo the do ty le tieu hda, hap thu cdc chd't dinh dudng cCia KPTN thd'p hdn KPCS, dan tdi chd't dinh dudng bi ddo thai nhieu hdn.
jy le khodng khdng tan trong KPCS cao hon khdng ddng ke (0,0191%) so vdi KPTN, nhung ty Id nay trong chd't thdi cua KPCS lai cao hdn khd nhieu (0,2923%) so vdi KPTN. Dieu nay ehUng td, xy le tieu hoa, hap thu cdc chd't dinh dudng cua KPCS cao hdn, ede chat dinh dudng bj ddo thai It hdn lam cho xy le khodng khdng tan trong VCK chat thdi cao hdn, edn dd'i vdi KPTN thi ngUde lai.
Nlto thufc an tich tuy trong co thegi jy le nitd trong thUe an, chat thdi da dupc phdn tfch vd tren cd s6 ket qud ndy, chung toi da tfnh dupc lupng nitd tieh luy trong cd the khi gd an 1 kg VCK thUe an. NLTD cdn phai hieu ehJnh eua 1 kg VCK thUe an dupe tfnh theo edng thUc: nitd tieh luy (g)/1 kg VCK thUe an x 8,22. Ket qud the hidn S bang 3.
Bang 3: nitd trong khiu phin, chat thai, tich luy trong ca the gi vi NLTD cin phii hieu chinh
Chl tieu N trong VCK cua kh^u phSn N trong VCK cua c h i l thSi N tich lijy trong co th^ ga NLTD can hieu chfnh
Ddn vi tinh
%VCK
%VCK g/kg VCK thUc an kcal/kg VCK thu'c an
KPCS 4.4040 3.2227 15,888 130,6
KPTN 4,5399 3,3002 15,433 126,8
Ty le nitd trong chat th^i cua 16 ga an KPTN Idn hen 16 ga an KPCS co the do ty le nito trong KPTN Idn hdn KPCS, nhang cung co the do ty le tieu hoa, hap thu protein cua KPTN th§'p hdn KPCS, lam cho IUdng nitd thijfc an bj dao thSI nhieu hdn.
Ham IUdng nitd tich luy trong cd the ga khi ga an 1 kg VCK KPCS Idn hdn sd vdi KPTN (15,888 so vdi 15,433 g/kg VCK khau phan), mac du ty l§ nitd trdng KPCS thap hdn KPTN. Dieu nay chCIng tc ty le hOu dung cija prctein KPCS cae hdn KPTN. Ham IUdng nitd cCia thijfc an tich luy trcng cd the ga dao ddng rS't rdng, tir 8,09 d§'n 22,378 g/kg VCK thufc an tuy thugc vao Idai thifc an, leal khiu ph^n va gio'ng ga [1, 4]. Ket quS nghien cifu cua chung t6l nam trong khoang dao dpng nay.
Can cijf vao ham IUdng nitd tfch luy trong cd t h i ga khi an dUdc 1 kg VCK KPTN va KPCS, chiing toi da tinh dUdc IUdng NLTD can dUdc hieu chinh cua KPCS la 130,6, con cua KPTN la 126,8 kcal/kg VCK khau phgn.
NL TD cua cac ithiu phan v^ bdt IH sdn Tren cd s6 nang IUdng thd. ham IUdng khdang khdng tan trong khiu phan va chat th^l cCia 2 16 ga, chiing tdi da tinh duoc NLTB bleu klenci^a KPCSva KPTN theo c6ng thufc da neu trong phan noi dung va phudng phap nghien cufu.
ME, : 4242,0 - (3317,5 x 2,1861/5,8922)
= 3011,2 kcal/kg VCK
MEjcO.KPTN = 4373,2 - (3906,5 x 2,1670/5,5
= 2861,4 kcal/kg VCK
NLTD hieu chinh cua KPCS va KPTN duoc tinh nhu sau:
= 3011,2 - 130,6 = 2880,6 kcal/kg 2861,4 - 126,8 = 2734,6 kcal/kg
Ty le nitd trong KPTN Idn hdn trcng KPCS, vl ty le nitd trong bot la san Idn hdn trdng KPCS ma KPTN dUdc hinh ttianh tif 80% KPCS + 20% bot la san.
M E „ j . VCK VCK
Tren cd sd NLTD da dUdc hieu chinh cua KPCS, KPTN va ty le VCK trcng bpt la sSn, chung tdi tinh dUdc NLTD ciia 1 kg VCK bpt la san va 1 kg bpt la san nguyen trang (90,39% VCK) nhu sau;
ME„,j.„cK= [2734,6 - (2880,6 x 80%)] x 1000/200
= 2150,5 kcal/kg VCK
ME»,to»5ii.= 2150,5 X 90,39% = 1943,8 kcal/kg bpt la
Cac ket qua neu tren dUdc he thd'ng hda lai trong bang 4.
l!BiS^I!2StViaNmip)3-2i>i5
25Bing 4: NLTD cDa cae khau phan va b^t la sin Chi t i l u
ME^ (NLTD bieu kien) NR (nikf tich luy trong cd the ga) NLTD hieu chinh Iheo NR ME^(NLTBsaiihi$JcWrh) '^'^Nci.VCKMIIi M E , , j , ^ „ ^ ^
Don U! tinh kcal/kg VCK g/kg VCK kcal/kg VCK kcal/kg VCK kcal/kg VCK kcal/kg bot \i
KPCS 3011,2 15,888 130,6 2880,6
KPTN 2861,4 15,433 126,8 2734,6
B4t \i s^n
2150,5 1943,8
So lieu bdng 4 eho thay, NLTO bieu kien vd NLTD sau hidu chinh cija KPTN deu thd'p hPn KPCS (2861,4 so vdi 3011,2 va 2734,6 SO vdi 2880,6 kcal/
kg VCK). Didu do chiJng t6 NLTD cua bgt Id san thap hon KPCS, vi KPTN du^c tao thanh td 80%
KPCS + 20% bdt Id san. NLTD cua 1 kg VCK hot Id san la 2150,5 keal, eon 1 kg b6t Id nguyen trang (90,39% VCK) Id 1943,8 kcal.
Ket luan
NLTO cua bdt la san giong KM94 ed hieu chinh theo IUdng nitd tfeh lOy trong ed th^ gd thjt giong LUdng phL/dng 43-49 ngdy tuoi Id 2150,5 keal/kg VCK vd 1943,8 kcal/kg bot la nguyen trang (90,39%
VCK).
Tai lifii tham khdo
[1] Ho Le Quynh ChSu, VQ Chf CUdng vk Dam Van Ti6n (2010), "Gia trj NLTD co hi^u chinh nitd vi t j 16 tieu hoa cac chat dinh duSng trong m§t s6 ioai ttiilc an cho ga". Bio cio khoa hpe 2009, phin dinh dUdng vi thUc in chin nudi, ViSn Chan nu6i.
[2] Tif Quang Hien, Trgn Van Phiing, Phan Dinh Tham, Trin Thanh VSn va lis Trung Ki#n (2013), Dinh dUdng vi thUe in chin nudi, Giao trinh sau dgi hQC, Tnidng D^i hpe nfing lim, O^i hgc Thai Nguyen.
[3] Tr^n Thi Hoan (2012), "Trong s i n thu la vk sCf di^ng \i san trong ehan nu6i gk thjt vk gk 6& b6 m^ LUOng phi/cjng", Lu$n in tiin sy ndng nghl0p, Dai hoc Thai Nguyfin.
[4] Lammers P.l, Kerr B.T, Honeyman M S, Stalder K, Dozier W A, Weber T E, Kidd Ivl T and Bregendahi K (2008).
"Nitrogen - Corected apparent metabolizable energy velue of crude glycerol for laying hens", Poultry Scl, 87, pp.104-107.
[5] Phgm Tan Nha (2014), "Nghien ciJu gia trj dinh di/Sng ciia mfit s6 loai thiJtc an trong ehan nufii ga Sao giai doan sinh trifdng d Dong bang song CCfu Long", Luin in tiin sy ndng nghiep, Dai hoc Hu^.
[6] Scott T A and Hal J.W (1998), "Using acid insoluble ash marker ratio (diet' digesta) to predict digestibility of wheat and barley metabolilable energy and nitrogen retention". Poultry Scl, 67. PP.145-14B.