H$i Dia ly va T^i nguyfn Moi tru-ong Thira Thicn Hue Hiji Oia l> \ lyi ^•;'l^
Xay du-ng mo hinh kinh t l sinh thai - du Ijch phuc vu phat trien b i n vOng huyen dao Co To, tinh Quang Ninh
Pham Hoang Hai', Pham Thj H6ng Nhung', Hoang Udc' Abstract
Building models of ecological economies- tourism for sustainatilc development Co To island district, Quang Ninh province
Co To. being the first island di.strict- Vieinam state boundary, has polenlialily oj sea economic development, especially fishing, tourism and services Hosvever. to ensure the long - leiin and susiainable development strategy. Van Don is needed lo develop the economy towards ecology Because the ecological economy was proven the efficient and sustainable development in theory and practice Therefore, Vietnamese Party and Government confirmed the eco - economic model - tourism is the most suitable model for Van Dem, including Co To about socio-economic development. Models are chosen here, eco'tourism, ecological agriculture -forestry, commercial fishing village model, sea linirism
l.DATVANDE
Phal trien tdng hop kinh le bien, trong do ed du hch la hudng di diing dan va dem lai hicu qua cao, De Ihirc hicn "Chien luge bien Viei Nam den nam 2020'' thi phal trien kinh tl- xii hgi (KT - XI1) cac huyen dao mdi each ben virng cd vai ird, y nghTa quan trong. Nd la thdi ea, la ddng lire de nude la cd the vu'an ra the gidi. De Ihu'c hien dugc muc lieu phal trien ben virng (PTBV), dam bao cho vice khai thac, sir dung hgp ly tai nguyen vice lim ra cac md hinh kinh te phii hgp vdi dicu kicn ciia mdi dia phuang cd y nghTa rat thiet thuc. Trong dd, md hinh kinh le sinh thai (KTST) la mdt phuong an thich hgp va hieu qua cho cac huyen dao vdn duoc coi la cac "he thdng nhay cam" Vi vfiy. Diing va Nhii nude ta da khang dnih md hinh KTST- du lich la md hinh ldi iru cho cac huyen dao, song ihir lu uu lien cho phal trien tirng nganh lai phu thudc vao dieu kien cu the eiia limg dia phuong.
Nam d phia Bac vjnh Bac Bg, Cd Td la mdt trong hai huyen dao ciia tinh Quang Ninh- mdi imh phat trien manh eiia ea nude. Vi the, vj the cua Cd Td duoc xac djnh la cd vj tri chicn luge quan trgng trong phat Irien kinh te bien va dam bao an ninh qudc phdng cua dat nude. Hien nay, huyen dao dang trong qua irinh phal trien KT - XH nhung do xuat phat diem thap nen tdc do phat trien cham, kinh lc ndng- liim ngu nghiep van la kinh te chinh, ddi sdng nhan dan cdn khd khan. Do dd, viec lim ra cac md hinh KTST phii hgp cho tirng nganh va lien nganh la rat can thiet trong giai doan hien nay tren co sd rill kinh nghiem tir qua trinh xay dung kinh te bien tir cac huyen dao khac trong he thdng dao ven bdVi?t Nam.
2. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN 2.1. Cac van de co-ban ve mo hinh kinh te sinh thai
Tren Ihl gidi, nghien ciru md hinh KTST dugc dl cap den trong nhieu lac pham eiia eac tac gia:
kinh tl sinh thai eiia R. Costanza; md hinh KTST ciia L. C. Braat va U". T. J. Vanlierop; md hinh kinh
' I iCm Dta ly - I len KIwa line Cong n^lie I lel Nam ' Trudng Dai ftpc KIwa hoc - Dai hoc Thai Nguyen DIA LY BiL'N VA HAI D A O V I H T NAM
Hoi Dja l> \ii Tai ngujcn Moi Iruong Tliiia Thicn Hug Hyi^DjaJyJV^
t l smh Ihiii phuc \'u P I B V eua S. Ikada,., 0 Viet Nam. mdt trong nhCrng chuyen gia diiu tien^dc, d l n e a s d l y luan va img dung md hinh KTST la Pham Quang Anh [2] (1983). Ngoai ra, Nguyen\
Truang vii mot sd lac giii khac ciing de cap den co sd ly luiin ve KTST trong nhfrng cdng Uinh; "J', cdn vdn de kinh le sinh thai a Viet Nam" hay 'Wfd hinh kinh le sinh thai phiic vu f)hdt trien ben vd ndng thdn" Dang 1 rung fhuan, Truang Quiing Hiii,
Diic bict d l tai KC.09.I2 do Le Dire Td lam chu nhicm (2005) v l ; "Ludn chimg khoa hoc yl-, hinh j)hdl irieu kmh le- smh then Iren mdt sd ildo. cum dao hai chon thudc vimg hien ven hi) I, Nam" \C\ da Irien khai xiiy dung dugc mdt so md hinh KTST cho cac dao lira chon; diio Cii L Cluim. diio Ngoc Virng \ a dao Hdn Khoai. Cac md hinh nay da dugc chuyen giao cho cac dia plnroi de Ihuc hicn \ a ciing mang lai mdt sd thanh cdng budc dau.
Cd t i l l ndi day \ira la ca sd ly luan, phuang phap luan chung. \tia la nhiing kinh nghiem ihi lien qui bau cd i h l ap dung hicu qua d l tiic gia sir dung khi d l xuat xa\ dung mgt sd md hinh KTS cho huyen daoCd To
Qua nhirng cdng trinh khoa hoc niiy cd the thiiy mgi sd van dc ca biin ctin luu >' \ i : miil ly lua ciia md hinh KTST nhu sau Nd hi mdt he kinh le sinh Ihiii cu the dugc thiet ke vii xiiy dung trongnif vLing sinh ihiii nhiil dinh. bao gdm ciic ihanh phan. ciiu tnic, chirc nang [3],
Dau vdo Id eiic iihdn ld tu nhien (gdm cjic ihanh phan ciia ldp \ o dia ly dua vao md hinh duii dang nbiel. \ i i l chat \'d ca. hiru ca \ i i thdng lin di iruyen), KT- \'H(^om ngudn lao ddng, phuang lliin .sail \iiiit \;i chinh siich \ i i hdi) va mdi inrirng tiio ngudn lire cho md hinh [3].
Dim ra Id cdc sun phum KT - XII \ a mdi li iiirng. No lao Ihu nhiip cho gia dinh va \ a hgi. son;
eiiiiii thai \ao mdi trirdng mdt lugng Idn Ciic chat thiii. V i the dc dam bao linh ben \ iing thi can diiiii I bao sir ben \irngca vc mill K T - X H \ i i cii \ c miil mdi turdng thi md hinh mdi cd llie phat Iricn [3].
Ciic yeu td ticn tiic ddng lu'ang hd vdi nhau vii lha\ ddi theo thai gian. Itong dd nhu edu cua .Mi hdi nga\ cang liing, lai ngin'cn ihien nhicn ihco xu hudng ngiiy cang giiim. can kicl \ i i d n h i l m . Dodn,
\ ice dam biio sir P'! B V eiia md hinh mang linh sdng cdn,
Dieu kicn l u nhicn mii nhiil la cae he sinh Ihiii (HST) Iren dao tuy phong phii, da dang nhuiin
"rai mong manli" ncn \ice phat trien du lich sinh thai (DLST) la mdt lua chon dimg ddn, hieu qua. Du Ijch sinh thai ket hgp vdi cac md hinh KTST khac phii hop vdi muc lieu bao tdn thicn nhien. bao ve mdi trudng va PTBV viing bien dao. D i l u do la hoan loan cd ca sd khoa hgc bdi thirc l i i n da khdnji dinh DLST dua viio cac he t u nhien, hai hoa cac muc lieu bao ion l u nhien, bao ve mdi Irudng, lieu hao rat it tai nguyen thien nhien ma lgi ich kinh t l dem lai cho cgng ddng diin cu lai rat idn.
2.2. D i l u kien t y n h i c n , tai nguyen thien nhien - co' sd xay d u n g va p h a n hoa cac mo hinh k i n h t e s i n h t h a i
Ndm d phia Ddng Bdc linh Quang Ninh, huyen dao Cd Td la mot qudn t h i gdm han 40 hdn dao ldn nhd, trong dd hat nhan la hai dao Cd Td Ldn va Thanh Lam, duac gidi han bdi toa do dia Iv lii 20''55' den 2l''4' do vT Bac va tir 107^4' den 107^2' kinh do Ddng [ I J . ' v d i vi tri nay, C d Td'ndm canl.
ngu trirdng Ddng Bac. Ja "cua n g d " giao luu kinh tc ciia dat l i i n , la la chdn ldn bao vc khu vuc kinh l l quan trong trong dat lien.
B l mat cua huyen dao dugc phu bdi trdm tich khdng cd cacbonat tudi Ocdovic mudn - Silua ( 0 3 - S I ) tren phuc nep ldi Quang Ninh. Ngoai ra, cdn cac trdm tich bd rdi hien dai hinh thanh trong giai doan Tan kien tao ludi Holoxen cd ngudn gdc bien, b i l n - gid, ddm lay [ 11 '
sam
H6i nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan ^6c ldn thir 6; Thdnh phd liJJ}^2
Hfii Pia ly va Tai nguyen Mfli Iruong Thiia Thicn Hu^ Hui Diii ly Viet Nnm
Tren nen dia chat nay, phat tncn ba dang dia hinh Mdi dang cd nhiing ngudn gdc thiinh lao, diic dilm rieng thuan loi cho phiil trien cac hoat ddng kinh tc khac nhau" Dang dja hinh ddi niii thiip (cao khdng qua 200 m). sudn ddc (da sd tren 200), bat ddi xirng tao dicu kien phat trien he Ihong khc suoi, ddng chay thudng xuyen cung cap nude cho san xuat ndng nghiep va sinh hoal. Tinh bdt ddi xirng va chia cdt manh ciia dia hinh cdn tao su khac bict vc HST hai ben sudn ciing nhu su hdp dan cho phiil triin loai hinh du Ijch tham quan, ngdm canh. Mat khac. tren nen dia hinh ddi mii cdn cd i h l phiil t n l n nganh lam nghiep, trdng rirng, trdng cay dac san va ca) an quii. Khi cac qua ddi an lan ra sal mcp biln.
chiu su tac ddng mai mdn iiiu dai ciia sdng lao ihanh ciic vach ddc dirng hiem trd, himg vT cd I h l phiit trien loai hinh the thao mao hiem.
Xen ke khu vuc ddi niii la cac ddng bang cd ngudn gdc bien, ldn tai chii y l u tren diio Cd Td Ldn va Cd Td Con ladicu kien lot de dinh cu va sitn xual ndng nghiep. Xung quanh cac dao la nhung bai bien luong ddi bang phdng, duac thanh tao bdi cat hat irung va thd rdt ihuiin Igi cho phiit t n l n du lich.
Tren dao Cd Td Ldn, tap trung ciic bai bicn ldn, dep (chicm 1/3 dien tich) nhu Nam Vap, i long Vim.
Ngoai cac bai cat, ven bd bien cac bench mai mdn phal inen manh, phd b i l n , dien lich rgng (400 - 500 m) tao dicu kien thuan lgi cho khai thac hai san bam \ a tan dung cho cac muc dich phdng tlui liongan ninh qudc phdng [2J.
Huyen dao nam kha xa dat lien va chju anh hudng manh me eiia gid miia Ddng Bdc. khi hau nhict ddi gid miia cd miia ddng lanh mang tinh chai hai duang. N i n nhiel khdng cao, trung binh 22 - 230C, Idng lugng nhict hoat ddng 8.00° - 8.400"C, song ed su b i l n Ihien manh (13 - 13,5"C) Lugng mua kliong ldn (trung binh 1,700 - 1 800 mm/nam) va phan hoa Ihanh hai miia mua. khd rd ict Mi:a khd dai trung binh, khdng khac nghicl [2].
Mang ludi thuy van khdng phat trien, hau hel la cae ddng chay tam thai chi co 4 sudi van co nude vao miia khd (3 sudi tren dao Thanh Lam). He Ihdng eac hd tren cae dao kha diiy dae, ed nhicm vu cung cap nude cho sinh hoat va tudi tieu nhung hau bet bi can nude trong miia khd Ngudn cung cap nude chii yeu cho huyen dao la nude ngam. Trii' luong nude ciia Cd ' I d so vdi ciic huyen dao khac kha ldn dam bao dap irng dii nhu cau su dung
Cac dac diem hai van deu dugc cac nha khoa hgc danh gia la thich hgp cho hoal du hch bien khi ddi chieu vdi mgt sd lieu chuan ciia Vicn Nghien ciiu Phat trien Du lich, Nhiet do nude bicn irung binh khoang 23,7*'C. Sdng bicn miia he cao trung binh 0,7- 0,9m. Do man eiia bien ldn. 30,9%o. Nude bien d quanh cae dao cdn rat trong, do due thap. Vdi eac chi sd nay, bien ciia Cd Td rat thich hgp de td chuc nhieu loai hinh du lich nhu lam bien, dua thuyen, ludt van, boi lgi, lan bien .. Ngoai ra. nd cdn thuan lgi cho nudi trdng Irai de liiy nggc lao ra mat hang my nghe trang sire quy gia [5].
Dac diem ndi bat nhal ciia ldp phii thd nhudng tren cac dao la su phal trien manh me eiia qua trinh feralil va latent. Ddng thdi qua trinh phong hoa dien ra sau sac lam cho quii trinh khoang hoa phal Inen nhanh, tang dat mdng va do mim thap. Hicn tuong man hoa ciing xay ra do bien dd tricu cao hinh thanh dat ngap man nhu dat man sii vet, dat chua man. Su ihdi mdn ciia gid khien cho cac cdn cat di dgng, phu va (an chim cae vimg dat deluvi va dat feralil chan mii.
Tham thuc vat tren quan dao Cd Td kha phong phii va phan hoa sau sac, cd the chia thiinh 11 loai, Trong so dd, tham thuc vat rirng kin thudiig xanh van cdn dugc duy tri vdi sd lugng it, phiin bd rai rac kliu vuc ddi niii thap phia bdc Cd Td Ldn, Cd Td Con, Thanh Lam va mgt sd dao nhd khac. Ven bicn la he sinh thai rung ngap man cd y nghTa sinh thai mdi trudng vdi 5 loai thuc vat ngap man, phan bd tap irung d dam Cd Td. Su ton tai ciia cac tham thuc vat nay la ca sd de phat trien du lich sinh thai.
Ngoai ra, tai nguyen thuy sinh vat ciia huyen dao ciing rat phong phii va da dang lao nen eac he sinh thai cd gia tri cao ve nhieu mat, dac biel cho nudi trdng, danh bat hai san va hoat ddng iham quan du hch. Tieu b i l u nhdt d Cd Td la he smh thai viing trieu va he sinh thai san hd.
DIA LY BIEN VA HAi DAO VIET NAM ^ '^ " " '53
Hgi Dja^h \ a T a i ngu>en Moi truong Thii-J Thicn Hug |IyiJ)!a l>^yi?tj*^
2.3. T h u c t r a n g phat triiJn k i n h te - xa hgi
Dan sd ciia huyen ihco Ihdng kc nam 2009 khoang 6.028 ngudi, T y tc gia liing dan sd co \i hudng giam. Tdc do dd thj hoa cao, ly le dan Ihanh thj chicm 43,8% (2005) [5]. Miic dii ed khoang4| ' dao Idn nhd, nhung dan cu chi smh sdng d dao Cd Td Ldn, Thanh Lam va Cd Td Con. Co cau lai' dgng phan theo ngiinh cd sir miil can ddi. Lao ddng chu yeu tap trung trong nganh ndng nghiep (cliicn 49.1% long sd lao ddng). ngir nghiep (chicm 43.4% ngudn lao ddng), Sd lao ddng Irong ngiinh n^\i khac ehilm ty lc nhd (djch vu chicm 3.8% tdng lao ddng) |5).
Kmh l l miic dii phiil trien cdn cham nhung ca cau dang cd su chuyen djch theo hudng liing ddn li irgng ngu nghiep \a du lich. djch vu hicn, xa} dirng; giiim dan ty trgng cua ndng nghiep. song tdc docini cham.
2.4. De xuat mot sd m d h i n h k i n h te sinh t h a i - du lich 2.4.1. Quan diem chi dao
Quiin liict duimg ldi ciia Diing, xiiy dung md hinh kinh le ciia hu\'cn Cd T d can dat trong mdi qiiar he hiru ca. till! dung cac ca hgi dc hoa nhilp vao qua Irinh phiil iricn chung ciia linh Quiing Ninh, ddng llioi phat huy nhiin id ndi luc tranh thu thu bin moi ngudn krc ben ngoai de huyen phal tncn di len lir kinli le bicn. an nmh qudc phiing dirac giir virng. Cac md binh KTST xay dimg ciin phii hgp theo eac dinh hiroiii;
\ii niue tieu sau'
Pluil hu\ Ciic loi die \';i the manh hudng trgng tiim \iio phal Irien toim dien kinh le bien, bao jidm Ciic loai hinh, du lich bien. thuong mai, djch vu phuc vu du lich. khai thac va nudi trdng. che bien llitiy sail, giao thdng \an un dudng bicn, de kinh tc bicn tro thiinh ddng luc tluic day ciic nganh kinh te khac phiil lrit;n.
Khai thac licm nang the manh ciia huyen dao, chuyen dich ca cdu kinh l l ndng thdn theo ni6 hinh trang trai. Nudi trdng ihuy san gan vdi cdng nghiep che bien, dich vu phue vu cho du Ijch va cac nganh khiic. Kel hap phat inen kinh tc bien vdi phat trien xa hdi, ci n bao ve mdi Irudng smh thai, dam biio dn djnh diin cu tuyen dao tirng budc nang cao ngudn nhan Ur( vii chdt lugng cudc sdng cho mgi tang ldp dan cu, lap trung giai quyet nhung van d l hire xiic xa hdi nhu; dao tao n g h i , tao vi^c lam clio moi_ ngudi lao dgng, xoa ddi giam ngheo, Ihuc hien edng bdng xa hdi va dan cu d ca sd nhat la dan cir tuyen dao [2].
2.4.2. Cac nio hinh kinh lc sinh thai - du lich
Dua vao kcl qua nghien c i m v a k l thira tir D l tai cdp Nha nude KC.09 20 ciia Vien Dja ly cung nhu tham khao chien luge phiit irien ciia linh Quang Ninh va huyen Cd T d , chimg ldi dh xual mdt si md hinh phat trien kinh te sinh thai- du lich nhu sau:
* M d hinh du Ijch sinh thai
HuNcn dao Cd To. nhdl la Co Td Ldn vii Thanh Lam cd t h i phat t r i i n ea D L S T tren dtio vii DLS r dudi bien.
Dia b i n ch,i yin dc 16 c l i i c loai liinl, du l i d , si„h Ihai tren dao la cac khu vuc rirng Ihu'onR vanli DOn n a j , cac canh rung nguyen smh da bj pha huy nhiju nen viec phat I r i j n loai hinh du lich nay se gop phan bao ton va phuc ho, von rirng. bao ve HST cho dao. Cac dia di6m chinh da phal tridu DLST la cac canh rirng nguyen snrh tren cac be ,„at san bjng cua dinh niri Ngang Rong. Ngang Nan, (phia Bac dao Co To Lirn). khu virc rin,g Ircn con cai o phia Tay Nan, ciia dao Thanh Lam.
1161 nghi Klvm lioi Dm li loiin ,,,i,kl?m ,l,ir 6. Thiinh pholh^l^J^J
HOl Bia ly va Tai nguyc" ' ^ o ' trirons Thii^ Thien Hue Hoi Diii K \'ict Niuii
Cac HSI b i l n hi mdi Inrirng sdng cho cac loai sinh vat rat de bj ldn thuong bdi cic boat ddng cita con ngudi. V i the vice khai thac nidi irudng bicn cho cac hoal ddnt- du lich nhdl Ihiel phai danh gia kha nang "chju tai". dam bao linh b i n viing. khdng lam suy giam d i n cac Igi ich kinh l l khiic.
Can cir vao cac nghicn ciru chi tiet. tac gia lira chgn ba khu \%TC d l thuc hicn md hinh DLST la khu virc thdn Nam Ddng ciia dao Cd Td Ldn va khu vuc ihdn 3 tren dao Thanh Lam Day la ciic khu virc cd dicu kicn dia hinh kha thuan loi cho phat iricn ca du Ijch sinh thiii tren dao k l l hgp vdi du lich sinh ihiii bien Ngoin ra. Ciic khu \irc phia Nam dao Cd Td Ldn, loan bd diio Cd Td Con vii ciie khu vyc bicn cd HST san hd, cd bien cung thuc hicn dugc md hinh nay Trong dd liip trung \ao hai khu
\uc chinh la;
- Khu vuc 1: Thugc thdn Nam Ddng. phia Bdc ciia dao Cd Td Ldn. Khu vuc niiy phiit Inen lien mdt vat tich lu thung liing vdi dien tich kha ldn. Idp phii tho nhudng da\. Mat khiic d dii) cdn cd dia hinh bac thlni ciil cd ven bien, riil thuan loi de phat tncn kinh l l vudn, diic bict la ciic loai ciiy an qua.
Ddi va mii thiip. do che phii rirng cdn thap. bao gdm cii rirng tu nhicn va rirng trong. dicn tich dat trong kha Idn. Day la dau ngudn ciia ciic con sudi Hai Ticn \ i i Bdc Van ni:n pbiit I r i l n liim nghiep cd \ a i tro quan trgng. Tren dinh mii lii ciic be mat san biing. tren dd ldn tai rirng l u nhien thir sinh. liio d i l u kien Ihu^ii Igi de phal trien DLST V i \ i i y , vice pbal iricn lam- ndng nghiep d khu vuc niiy se cd su k l i hop chiil che vdi du lich. Ngoai ra. khu vuc nay liep giap vdi biii bien Hdng Van. mdt hai hicn dcp. \ ung bien ben ntioai cung cd nhirng dae trung riil ihuan lgi de lien hiinh cac lioiit ddng du lich dudi hien, Md hinh kinh te l\i'a chgn cho khu vuc naj la; du lich smh thai - lam nghiep - irdng trot.
- Khu \'uc 2' La dai ddi, ddng bang, viing tren dao Thanh Lam, diic biel la khu vuc ihude thdn 3 CO dia binh bang phang Idn nhat, V i the, ngoai trdng liia thi d day cdn trdng riing (Ihdng. phi lao. bach dan). Phia Tiiy la biii bicn klui rdng. rat thuan lgi cho cac hoal ddng du lich tam bicn, Xung quanh khu vuc la cac virng vinh kin. da duac quy hoach cho nudi trdng thuy hiii san. Diiy ciing hi mdt trong nhirng lai the dc md rgng ciic diem du lich. Cd the md rdng hoat ddng du lich smh ihiii bfi ig Ciich id chiic tham quan, khao sal khu vuc rirng thir sinh tren con cat d phia Tiiy, Md hinh lua chgn cho khu vuc nay la: Du lich sinh liuii - lam nghiep - nudi trdng thuy hai san.
* Md hinh lam - ndng nghiep sinh thai
Tren ciic dao ri'nig tren bj tan pha da ga> ra nhieu lai bien \k anh hudng Idn den cuge sdng ciia cgng ddng dan cu. Do dd. phiil trien lam nghiep d Cd Td cd y nghTa lam lang dd che phii. bao \ i ; ngudn gen va ngudn sinh thuy, chdng thoai hod dat. Tuy nhicn, hicu qua kinh lc ciia lam nghiep \ i i ndng nghiep ircn cac dao khdng cao nen can gan chai \ d i sir phal iricn chung ciia ciic ngiinh khiic. Ddi
\ d i Cd Td. lam nghiep can phal iricn theo hirdng liim nghiep sinh thai, kcl hgp vdi phue \ i i du hch sinh Ihai de Uiiig hicu qua kinh te
Ndng nghiep tren ciic dao cua hu)cn Cd Td mdt mat dap irng duac nhu cau ciia dan cu nhung mgi mat cung gay ra nhung thoai hoa mdi trudng. lam suy giam dicn tich va chat lugng dat canh lac do trinh do khoa hgc ky thuat cdn thap. Chinh \ i \ a \ de tang cao hicu qua kinh tc va bao vc indi irudng. ndng nghiep ciin dugc phat trien iheo hudng sinh thai. Can xay dung va phat tncn mdi nen ndng nghiep sach gdn \ d i siin xuiil himg hoa, tap trung \ao cac the manh nhu siin xual ran sach. hoa qua va ciic san pham gia siic, gia cam cd gia tri cao.
Md hinh kinh l l lam nghiep - ndng nghiep sinh thai dugc lua chgn dc xay dung a hai khu vuc;
- Khu vuc I: Thudc thdn Nam Ha, phia Tay Bac dao Cd Td, phat trien tren mgt vat tich tu ihung lung, licp giap \ d i viing doi ed do ddc chan sudn khoang 3 - 5 . Trong dd ldn tai cac hd chira nude cd dicn tich kha rgng nhu ho Hai Tien, hd Van Chay. V i vay. ddi vdi khu vuc nay, ngoai phat iricn trdng trot, cd t i l l ticn hanh nudi irdng cac loai Ihuy san nude nggt trong eac hd. Tuy nhien. quy md ciia vice
DjA LYBICN V A H A I DAO VILT NAM
noi Uja l> ^aTai nguNcn Mdi Imong Thiia Ihicn Hue ^H£iJ>!5jy_Vi(t
nudi trdng ciin dugc xiic dinh cho phii hgp de biio ve ngudn nude cho s.in xudt \ a sinh hoal Mo kinh le lua chgn cho khu vuc nil}' sc la irdng trgi - lam nghiep va nuoi lron^ lliu> san.
- Khu vuc 2- Tliuge ihdn 1 lai Ticn ciia xii Ddng "Dc-n Dja hinh khu vuc niiy ehii yeu l:i vai' lu Ihung limg ed Idp phu ihd nhudng day, liep giiip vdi khu vuc doi cd dd cao ihiip han ddi o kiiir
I, elui yeu tdn lai rirng irdng vdi do che phii thiip Md hinh lira chgn cho khu \ uc nay ki; Irdnijir, liim nghiep.
* Md hinh king chai - du Ijch \ i i thuong niiii iren hic'n
Khu \'Uc iruug liim eua dao Cd "I d Ldn tdn tai mgi ddng bang cd ngudn gdc bien kha rgng i) lii noi tap trung kha ddng diin cu vdi nghe chinh lii ndng nghiep \ri ngu nghiep. Khu \ u c nay col bicn diil, cd do ddc nhd. cat min, Vung bicn ben ngoiii do duac dao Thanh Lam che chiin niiii sii, nho, dii\ ciing hi noi iiiini giin cric khu vuc cd he sinh Ihiii hicn da dimg vdi nhieu loiii hai sim cd giat ben ngoai ldn i;ii mdt ran san hd doc iheo biii bicn Theo cae nghicn cuu. diiy bic'ii khu \ uc niiy la in lach Irung kha siiu. lao dien kicn ihuan Igi cho liui thuyen cdng stuit ldn cd the di lai.
Khu \ uc ni[\ duoc lua chgn \ a \ dung liiiinh mdi lang chai \ d i co' ciiu ngiinh nghe da daiii; kli, ihiie. nudi U\'sn\i. che bicn hai sun. lao ra ciic siin ph.im hiip diin kbiieb du Ijch. Ben canh \iec diuu cho phiil inOn kmh id. ciin liOn hiinh mdi eiich ddng bd \IL-C xiiy dungco' sd ha liing \'ii ciic dicu kiciu
\i"ui hoa xi! hdi de khu \ uc na\ l i o l h a n l i mgt diem du iieli \iln lioii hilp dim Ngoai ra. dien lichiii;
nude lii dicu kicn phiil tncn du hch bien \a du hch se hi dgng luc tluie dii\' n g l i l khai ih.ic diic sim bici.
Irong du lich ciin pluil men theo hudng khai Ihiic tdi da ngudn liii nguven vdi liai loai hinh chinh kid lich tiim bicn vii cac hoiit dgng du lich dudi imitQ
Du lich Him bicn: Ngoai \ icc khai thiie bili bicn Irong khu sue luiy. cim md rgng khai tinier,]
ciK hill bicn kluie phiin bd xung quanh ciic diio. lilng su luip diin \ i i md idng qu\ md cua hoal ddniidii hch liim bien, tao thanh mdt sir lien kel giiia ciic dao
- Du Neb dudi nude I n cliirc cic hoal ddng du lich liin dung iiiril nude b i l n kcl hgp vdi cac hoal ddng du lich liin bien. Iham quan he sinh Ihiii Ircn ciie riin san hd
Ben Ciinh do. khu \ uc n;i> vdi nhung lai t h i v l vi iri dia ly Cd T d cd n h i l u thuan lai d l phal trien ciic ehg cii. kcl hop vdi cac tJieh vu Iren biln khac. Clig ea I 'cii b i l n duoc xay dung d khu virc giiia hai dao sc lii ciiu ndi. gdp phan thiic ddy su phi^t t r i i n chung v l kinh l l tren ea hai dao, xoa ddn khoang each vc kinh lc giua dao Cd Td va Thanh Lam
V i Ihe. Iren ca sd nhung dieu kicn ihuan iai tren va khai thac toi da t i i m nana eiia khu vuc na)' cho phiit men idng hgp cac ngimh kmh lc, md hinh lira chgn cho khu virc nay la: Lang chai - du bchvii ihuang mai Ircn bicn
_ lluy?n dao Cd Td cd nhilu t i i m nang d l phal t n l n tdng hap kinh l l b i l n , N-nidn loi ihiiv siin do, dao. Uep guip vol ngu liirdng ldn vinh Bdc Bd. Tii, nguyen du lich b i l n phong phii ed ihl'plial trier ..hicu loai hmh du hch lam bicn, tham quan, ngam canh, t h i thao. . dac bict la D l ST D l ST nhal [f] ^^^^""5.". ''' P^°"= ^^'' "^ '^' ^^ST ^^"^8 '^^^"y^" sinh vi, HST b i l n . ' eac canh quan b i l n - dL.
V, the Co To hoan loan co the phal Inen KT - X H dua Ircn su phat t r i i n ciia cac nganh kinh l l b.ln mm nhgn nhu ngu nghiep. du hch, djch vu bien va iam nghiep.
Tren ea sd cae k i t qua nghien cim, cd Iham khao cac d l tai, y k i l n chuyen gia cung nhu dinh hirang pha. men cua dia phuang, chiing tdi da lua chon cae md hinh kinh t l sinh l l ^ i mang l i n r e h d .
lioi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan qudc ldn thd 6: Thanh phd liui 9/2012
