Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10/2010
XAY Dl/NG VA THlT NGHIEM CAC HE HON HOP CHAT HOAT DONG BE MAT/ PHOI
T R O NVOI NANO SiOz PHUC VU TANG
CUONG THU HOI DAU TAI MO DONG NAM ROIVG
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF SURFACTANT MIXTURES OR BLENDING WITH NANO SiOz FOR APPLICATION TO EOR IN
DRAGON SOUTHEAST OILFIELD
Nguyen Phu-gng Tung, Le Kim Hiing, Pham Duy Khanh, Le Thi Nhu Y, Van Thanh Khue va Nguyen Bao Lam,
Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu iTng dung, 1 Mac DTnh Chi, Q. 1, Tp. Hd Chi Minh Tel: 848 38237927; Fax: 848 38236073; Email: nptuns(w,vast-hcm.ac.vn Tom tat:
Nhdm phu yu bam ep tdng cirang thu hdi ddu (TCTHD) tgi cdc md xa ba, hi dung dich chdt hogt ddng bi mat (HDBM) phdi tiran^ hgp tdt vai nuac biin cd do cirng cao, ddm bdo gidm sire cdng bi mat (SCBM) ddii-nuac hiiu qud, bin a nhiet do via vd cd khd ndng cdi thien tinh dinh irat ddi vai nuac ciia dd dinh irat ddu ciing nhu it hdp phu len bi mat dd via. De phuc vu cho du dn TCTHD tgi mdng md Ddng Nam Rdng (DNR), tir nhirng mdu chdt HDBM thuang mgi, cdc tdc gid dd sir dung cdc phuang phdp khdo sdt tinh tuong hgp, do SCBM ddii-nirac vd ddnh gid do bin nhiet trong mdi trudng via di lua chon ra cdc mdu phii hgp cho qud trinh tdi ini hda thue nghiim tiip sau do. Cdc he chdt HDBM tdi ini lAMS IAMS-M2 vd 1AMS-M2-P nhdn dugc dd cho do gidm SCBM ddu-nuac tai vdi trdm Idn vd bin nhiet tdt trong nirac biin DNR. Kit qud bam ip cdc dung dich ndy tren md hinh mdu loi nhdm TCTHD trong diiu kiin via DNR cho thciy hiiu qud cdi thien he sd ddy ddu dgt 7,2 - 7,8%o. Trin ca sa cdc kit qud thu dugc, Xi nghiep Lien doanh Vietsovpetro (Vietsovpetro) da chdp nhdn de dua vdo thir nghiem bam ep TCTHD a quy md Pilot.
Ben cgnh dd, cdc tdc gid da chirng minh dugc khi cd mat cdc hgt Nano Si02(Si02NP) trong dung dich chira cdc chdt HDBM, hiiu irng hgp trdi xudt hien giiip gidm SCBM xudng gdn 10 Idn. Nhirng kit qud ndy ma ra mot huang mai irng dung cdc hgt nano vdo TCTHD giiip gia tdng hieu qud ddy ddu vd an todn han vai mdi tnrang khi cho phep thay thi mot lugng chdt HDBM ddt tien bdng cdc chdt tu nhiin tir phdn huy sinh hoc.
Abstract:
In order to serve as an injection agent for the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in offshore oilfields, the surfactant solutions have to be able in good compatibility with high hardness brine, effectively reduced the oil-water interfacial tension (IFT), and thermostable in reserx'oir conditions. The capacity of altering wettability of reservoir rock to medium or waterwet is also required for EOR solutions. Among various cotnmercial surfactants, the authors have used the tests on compatibility, thermal stability and IFT reduction to select the necessary components for further experimental optimization peiformance. The founded optimum solutions lAMS IAMS-M2 and IAMS-M2-P provided the capacity of the oil-water IFT reduction in several hundred times and excellent heat resistance.
igon The experiments of injecting theses solutions into core tnodels at Dra^
Tieu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Bien ISBN: 978-604-913-01 5-1
Southeaster (DSE) reservoir conditions showed that the EOR efficiency increased in 7.2 - 7.8%. Base on these results, the Joint Venture Vietsovpetro (Vietsovpetro) has accepted the systems for further field tests.
Furthermore, the authors have demonstrated that in blending SiOz nanoparticles (SiOzNP) and surfactant solutions, the strong synergistic effects appeared and IFT has reduced down nearly 10 times. These results open up a new application of NP in EOR to increase efficiency, environment safety when allowed to replace a big amount of expensive surfactants by a natural and biodegradable material.
1. MddSu
Tang cudng thu hdi dau (TCTHD) la mot ITnh virc rat quan trgng ciia cdng nghiep khai thac dau khi the gidi, dac biet khi hien nay va trong tuang lai, nhiing md dau cd the de dang khai thac dang can kiet ma chi phi de tim kiem va dua vao khai thac cac md dau mdi ngay cang tdn kem, khd khan. Trong nganh cdng nghiep dau khi mdi 35 tudi ciia nude ta, hudng nghien cim TCTHD hien dugc dat ra rat cap thiet, md dau Idn Bach Hd, md Rang Ddng da qua giai doan khai thac dinh cao, md Ddng Nam Rdng (DNR) cung giam san lugng va bom ep nude kem hieu qua vi dau cd do nhdt cao. Cho den nay, chua cd mot thir nghiem TCTHD dugc xem la thanh cdng. Do tat ca cac md dau ciia Viet Nam hien nay deu la nhirng md xa bd, via dau cd nhiet do cao, nude bien bam ep cd do cirng cao nen bat ky mot phuang phap nao dugc lira chgn, deu phai dugc trai qua nhiing quy trinh thir nghiem phii hgp, khd khan. Dd chinh la nhung thir thach va ciing la sir cudn hiit ddi vdi nhdm Vat lieu phu gia dau khi va cac hgp chat trung gian - Vien Khoa hgc vat lieu ung dung trong qua trinh thue hien hudng ''Nghien ciru vd phdt triin cdc hi chdt hogt ddng bi mat phuc vu bom ep tdng cirang thu hdi ddii\ Mot sd thanh cdng budc dau ma chung tdi se trinh bay trong bao cao nay ciing la mot phan ddng gdp cua cac nha khoa hgc Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam cho su nghiep khai thac dau khi hieu qua va ben vung.
1.1. TCTHD vd cdc ea che hoat dong cua phuang phdp bom ep chdt HDBM
cac via chira dau khi sau khi dugc md, do ap lire trong via, dau khi tu phun theo dng khai thac len den mieng gieng vao he thdng thu gom khai thac va day dugc ggi la giai doan khai thac so cap. Trong giai doan nay, khai thac dugc khoang 5-15% lugng ddu tai cho (OOIP) vdi chi phi khai thac thap nhat. Sau mot thdi gian khai thac, ap sudt via sut giam va khdng du vugt qua ap suat thuy tTnh de day dau len. D I duy tri ap sudt via va quet ddu ra khdi cac bay chira, nude, hoi nude hoac khi hydrocacbon dugc bom ep vao via va day la giai doan khai thac thir cap hoac giai doan bom ep nude vi bom ep nude la phuang phap duy tri ap sudt via thdng dung va it tdn kem nhat. Trong giai doan nay, cd thi khai thac dugc 30-50% OOIP.
Sau giai doan dinh cao, lugng dau khai thac sut giam va nude ddng hanh tang nhanh trong gieng khai thac, dan den tinh trang ngap nude, gilng ngirng hoat ddng. Vi vay, khi san lugng dau trong giai doan khai thac thir cdp bat ddu sut giam, cac bien phap TCTHD phai dugc xem xet ap dung. Dac diem ciia giai doan TCTHD la bam ep vao via cac luu chat ma tmdc dd khdng cd trong via nham thay ddi, cai tao mot sd dac tinh luu chdt trong via, tir dd cd thi thu dugc mot lugng dau niia, cho din 10% OOIP. Cac luu chdt thudng dugc diing de bam vao via la: khi (CO2, N2), hai ndng, hoac cac dung dich kiem, polymer, chat HDBM [1].
Md DNR d each Vung Tau hon 200 km. Ddu dugc khai thac chii yeu tir tdng mdng da gdc dioritoir nirt ne, da do rdng, da do tham va nhiet do trong via tuong ddi cao (9rC). Ddu mo DNR cd ham lugng nhua asphanten cao dan den do nhdt cao, ty sd dau-nudc trong dilu kien via > 5 nen nude day dau khdng hieu qua. Vdi cac dac diem nhu vay, bom ep khi khd kha thi ve kinh te va cung se rat tdn kem khi bom ep polymer. Vi vay, bam ep cac chdt
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 102010
HDBM la phuong phap dugc lira chgn dk nghien ciru va irng dung nham TCTHD tai mdng DNR [2].
Dau bi giii lai trong via cd the dugc chia lam hai loai: dau luu trong nhirng viing dugc quet bdi nude bom ep va dau linh ddng trong nhiing viing khdng dugc quet hay nhiing vimg dugc quet rat it bdi nude bam ep [3]. Yeu td quyet dinh trong TCTHD la hieu qua day dau ra khdi cac mao dan ciia da, dugc phan anh qua gia tri do bao hda dau du Sdd d nhiing nai dugc tiep xiic vdi chat Idng bam ep. Lire mao dan va lire nhdt (lire thiiy ddng) kiem soat sir phan bd ciia cac pha va su dich chuyen cua cac chat luu trong mdi tardng rdng, do dd chi phdi he sd day dau vi md. TCTHD trong nhiing via nirt ne tu nhien bang phuang phap bam ep chdt HDBM dua tren nhiing co che chinh sau:
1.1.1. Gidm dp luc mao ddn, gidm SCBM giira hai pha ddu nuac:
De the hien tuong quan giiia hai lire chinh kiem soat qua trinh day dau trong via, lire nhdt va lire mao dan, ty sd giua chiing-sd mao dan Ne (Hinh 1.1) dugc dua ra [4]:
N
c Lwc VJULwc mao ^ COS U
d day, V va )i la van tdc va do nhdt cua chat luu thay the, o: SCBM dau-nudc, 0: gdc dinh udt; AP/L : gradient ap suat theo chieu dai mao dan.
i.E4e 1.E-05 1.E04 1.EJH
S6
t
o a
P '
• o o
Rl E
•""JS 3 tn . „ 2 OL ^<^
• <
s /
\ \ Xi,r n g 4 m m a o d ^ n ( I m b i b i t i o n )
' ^ V . ^ X - T h a o k h 6 ( X ) r a i n a g e )
i N. ^ y^
Dp bao hda nuoc Sn ^ 1
Hinh 1.1: Tuang quan giira khd ndng TCTHD vd sd mao ddn N^
Hinh 1.2: Tuang quan giira dp sudt mao ddn vd do bdo hda nuac trong qud trinh tu ngdtn-thdo khd
Trong phuang phap bam ep nude thdng thudng, Nc cd gia tri khoang 10"^. Theo Taber [5], gia tri Nc can thiet de gia tang he sd thu hdi dau nam trong khoang 10"* den 10'^ Mudn cai thien gia tri Nc, phai gia tang van tdc hoac do nhdt ciia chat luu thay the hoac ddng thdi ca hai. Trong thue te, chi cd the gia tang do nhdt ciia nude bam ep bang each sir dung dung dich polymer. Tuy nhien, cac loai polyme sir dung dugc cho cae via dau xa bd ciia Viet Nam rat dat tien va khd san xuat. Nhu vay, can lira chgn each giam ap suat mao dan (Pc). Chat HDBM cd the giiip giam Pc thdng qua giam SCBM ddu-nudc a xudng tir 10^ din lO'* idn va thay ddi gdc tiep xiic qua su cai thien tinh dinh udt (TDU) ddi vdi nude cua da.
Trong Hinh 1.2 trinh bay tuong quan giiia Pc va do bao hda nude trong qua trinh hi' ngam va thao khd, dac tmng cho via nirt ne tu nhien [6]. Ban chdt vat ly chinh dl TCTHD d day la giam Pc. Tinh toan Pc va hieu qua ddy ddu (C):
Vdi:
Pc= (2*ad-n*cos0)/r (1) Id-n- SCBM (IFT) lien dien giira 2 pha ddu-nudc
Tiiu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Bien ISBN: 978-604-913-01
9 - gdc tiep xiic; r - ban kinh Id xdp
j=(l-S„d-Sdd)/(l-S„d) (2) Vdi: Snd - do bao hda nude du, p.d.v
Sdd - do bao hoa dau du sau khi day dau bdi nude, p.d.v 1.1.2. Cdi thien TDU ddi vai nirac cua dd via
TDU ciia da anh hudng den do bao hda ciia cac chat luu va do tham cua chiing trong via. Do phan bd ciia ddu du trong da cd TDU nude manh va trong da cd TDU dau manh rat khac nhau. Nhu vay, vi tri tuang ddi ciia mot pha trong mdi tmdng rdng phu thudc vao TDU ciia pha dd. Da cd TDU hon hgp dinh udt tmng gian (DUTG) tiiy thudc vao tinh chat hda ly ciia da va ddu. Trong thue tl, bl mat da cd the bi dinh nude mot phan cdn phan kia lai dinh dau.
a -a
cos6' = ^^^ (3)
aso'- SCBM dau-be mat ran asw: SCBM nudc-be mat ran awo: SCBM nudc-dau
9: gdc tiep xiic do theo pha nude
Pc se la duang (+) khi da dinh udt nude (DUN) va se la am (-) khi da dinh udt dau (DUD) [7]. Vdi cac via nirt ne tu nhien DUN, cac lire mao dan la cac lire day chinh cho qua trinh tu ngam va gdp phan vao qua trinh day dau bdi nude. Do dd, da DUD cd khuynh hudng giii dau lai nhieu han trong via. Sir thay ddi TDU ciia da tir DUD sang DUN hay DUTG qua tac ddng ciia chat HDBM la each tdt nhat de TCTHD thdng qua phuc hdi qua trinh tham hut.
2. Ca che hoat dong ciia chdt long nano vd hieu ung hop trdi cua he phoi iron chdt HDBM.'SiOzNP
Nhieu nghien cuu cho thay kha nang tac ddng cua cac hat nano Si02(Si02NP) ua nude ky dau den sir thay ddi TDU ciia be mat chat ran va cd the irng dung trong TCTHD [8-12].
Ngudi ta cho rang, khi NP di chuyen trong mdi tmdng xdp se xay ra qua trinh chuyen dich vat chat giiia NP va be mat cac Id xdp ciia da via, NP trong ddng chat Idng se hdp phu len thanh Id xdp, giai hap khdi thanh Id xdp hoac bit cac mieng lo xdp va ben canh dd, NP bao phii tren thanh lo xdp se thay ddi TDU ciia bl mat rdn [9]. Khellil, Skilling va MacGillivray da de xuat co che giai thich tac ddng tang cudng kha nang chay, cac dien tiln lien Uic lam udt, thao khd cac be mat tiep xiic ciia chat Idng chira NP [10]. Mot sd nghien ciru danh gia kha nang ciia NP lam giam SCBM dau-nudc trong mdi tmdng vi nhii da dugc thue hien [11,13,14]. Nguyen nhan ciia hieu ung hgp trdi, xuat hien khi phdi trdn cac NP vdi cac chdt HDBM, gia tang do dn dinh va ben cua cac vi nhii dau trong nude, dugc cho la do cac hat nano hap phu tren chat HDBM, tren bl mat lien dien (BMLD) dau-nudc, dan den giam luc bl mat va gia tang TDU nude ciia bl mat rdn, ngan can sir ket tu cua cac hat nhu [11,15]. Tuy nhien, cac nghien cim mdi chi dugc thyc hien tren cac chat HDBM nonion va cation. Trong TCTHD bang bom ep chdt HDBM, sir dung phdn Idn chdt HDBM anion do hieu qua cao, kha thi va it hdp phu tren bl mat ddt da. Vi vay, cdn nghien ciru dua ra cac he hda pham ung dung cho TCTHD tai cac md xa bd ciia chiing ta va trong khu vuc.
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc k<' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010
2. Thyc nghiem 2.1 Hoa chdt
Bdng 1. Cdc chdt HDBM dugc khdo sdt
So TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cdng thirc chdt HDBM
N a " O
1
H - , C ^ ^ " ^ - ^ ^ ' ^ '"---^^ ~ ^ ^ ^ ^ " C ^ ~~~"H
1
Ci6
o
r 1 r 1 II
OS
Ri,R2 R3 M XSA-1416 CH3 H H
XSA-
j ^ j ^ j ^ CH3 C14.16SO3H H
C I 1 ,(C-I l 2 ) x C ; i K C I l 2 ) y C l l 2 0 ( P 0 ) m ( H 0 ) n C I K C O O M
C H 3 ( C H 2 ) u C H ( C H , ) h C H , S O , I V I
m n a+b M 1646A 0 2 12 Na I647A 0 9 12 N a RCOOCH2CH2- N- CH2CH(OH)CH2S03 ® e
1
(CH2CH20H)2
Vdi R=CH3 /v yx /v y ^ / \ / \ X \ /
Ky hieu
AOS (AS3)
AEOS
1416 (ASl)
D1416
SSI6- 46A (46A)
SS16- 47A (47A)
Betain
M phan tir
326
372
427
738
824
1125
573
Xuat xir
Aekyung SpeChem
Cognis
Oil-Chem My
lAMS, VN
Dau thd khdng hda pham, nude bien viing md DNR dugc cung cap bdi XNLD Vietsovpetro.
2.2. Cdc phugng phdp thue nghiem
2.2.1. Xdc dinh SCBM ddu - nuac, ndng do mixen tai hgn (CMC) [16]
2.2.2. Xdc dinh khd ndng tuang hgp ciia hi chdt HDBM vai nirac bien. Pha cac chat HDBM/NP trong nude bien DNR ndng do 1000 ppm, cho vao ampoule chiu nhiet va chiu ap, u d nhiet do 91"C. Danh gia tinh hiang hgp bang each quan sat dung dich theo tirng tudn ii trong 31 ngay. He tuang hgp tdt la he khdng cd hia, sa idng.
Tieu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Bien ISBN: 978-604-413-0 15-1
2.2.3. Xdc dinh do bin nhiet ciia hi chdt HDBM/HDBM:NP. Cac chdt HDBM N a NP dugc pha trong nude bien DNR ndng do 1000 ppm. Sau dd phdi thanh hon hgp theo cac ty le khac nhau o ndng do tdng 1000 ppm, cho vao ampoule chiu nhiet va chju ap u nhiet o 9 r ' C . Danh gia tinh tuong hgp va do SCBMdau-nudc bang phuang phap gigt quay (Temco 500, My) theo thdi gian ii nhiet 31 ngay.
2.2.4. Phuang phdp tdi uu hda thung ke dp dung phdn mem Statistical 7. Phan mem nay cho phep tdi im thanh phan cac hdn hgp thi nghiem tir cac bien ddc lap de tao ra gia tri ciia biin phu thudc mang tinh chat vugt trdi nhat. Gia tri nay dugc the hien tren be mat dap img, noi gia tri dat dugc la tdt nhat. Bai toan di sau vao nghien cim phdi trdn hdn hgp gdm 3 chdt HDBM vdi ndng do can tren va can dudi dugc xac dinh thdng qua nhiing thi nghiem khao sat ban ddu. Ap dung chuang trinh Statistica 7 cho phep tim ra viing tdi uu, noi ty le cac chdt HDBM dugc xac dinh cd gia tri SCBM la nhd nhat.
2.2.5. Quy trinh ham ep chdt HDBM trin md hinh via [17]
2.2.6. Tdng hgp cdc hgt nano SiOj [ 18] va SMNP bdng cdch boc PEG [ 19]
3. Ket qua va bien luan
3.1. Xdy dung he IAMS-M2 vd vd thir nghiem bam ep TCTHD
Tir cac ket qua thir nghiem do ben nhiet cua cac hdn hgp [20] cho thay cac he AS3/AS1 va AS3/GS1 vdi ndng do ASl va GSl vira phai cho SCBM tuong ddi thap va on dinh trong sudt qua trinh li nhiet. Nhu vay AS3 tuong tac rat tdt vdi AS 1 va GS 1 d ndng do thich hgp.
3.1.1. Tdi iru hda he hdn hgp chdt HDBM bdng chuang trinh phdn mim Statica 7 Lira chgn ba chat HDBM cho qua trinh tdi uu hda tren ca sd giam SCBM xudng gia tri cue thap va tuong hgp tdt vdi nude bien. Ba chat HDBM dugc chgn la A S l , AS3 va GSl.
AS 1 dii it tuong hgp vdi nude bien nhung cd the giam SCBM dau-nudc xudng cue thap va se tan tdt trong nude bien khi phdi vdi AS3. GSl dii khdng nhu mong dgi theo ly thuylt v l kha nang giam SCBM va tinh tuang hgp vdi nude bien, tuy nhien phdi trdn vdi AS3 cho hieu irng hgp trdi cao d ndng do thich hgp. Ba cau tir vdi ba viing an toan ve tinh tuang hgp dugc khao sat:
^ ASl cd ndng do trong khoang 100 - 200 ppm; ^ AS3 cd ndng do trong khoang 400 - 900 ppm; ^ GS 1 cd ndng do trong khoang 50 -200 ppm.
Nhap cac gia tri can tren va can dudi vao chuang trinh d l xudt ra cac ty le cdn khao sat:
U;^Design Points (Vertices ft Ccntroids) for Constrained Surfaces and M i x Q P I ^
Q u K k I Options I
T y p e ot (design C~ R e s p o n s e s u i t a c e f^ Murtuie design
Number ot lactors [ 3 ^ b^l Initial foclOf c o r u t r a r X s [highs & lows) tel Speciy (he « J d i l i o n a l c o n i l i a m t s
sp.<a
Current numbet ot a d d i l i o f « l consir 0
• •• Compute
[ f~ Vetticej only |no centroids)
^ V e i l i c e s a n d o v e ' a f l cenliCHd only f* Vertices a n d N-drr>ensional c e n t i o i d s
F o i i i r a N.[T g t h / o u g h [ 2 g
N e d t p c c l l y the In^Ml l»ol t r i j i u , rnaofna and mVHmi f o r t h * 'aelors arx) th» mirtur* total lor miirtui dasigni.thvn i p a c l f y i h * adiftion^
corixtrsints on I I M • x ^ a n m c n ^ ngion
Th« pfxigram «dl compute the unticcs o l tf»« coTistrainM r»gion. and. optionally, Ittt c*fitfoias. e.Q . (or a 3 0 cube you can eofTipij(« l-dimaniKinal c«ntrT»dj (loctKe
•<Jaei). I-dimensional ceniTOidi (for the sidBs), ar>d a 3-dlmeniional (ouefali) certroid
s
J ^ Optn
Hinh3.1: Nhap chuong trinh phdi trdn hi 3 cdu tir Hinh 3.2: Gia tri can tren vd can dudi cdc cdu tir
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cung nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010
§ • W f i r k h n n l c l * . ^ f:^..t..r r^nclr^Snorf M i v l i i r e ( < i n r e . . . I d l ^ l f f i i ^ I ->1 v y o r k b o o H *
- ' ^ E x p e t l m e n t a l Des - < ^ Design of eicp (iini 3 F a c t o r i
< : >
Vertex (V) Centroid (C) 1 V 2 V 3 V 4 V
5 c m
6 C(l) ^ 7C(1) 8_C11J 9C(2)
[LJ
3 Factor Constrained Mixture (£
Number of user-defined constra l>Jumber of initial mixture constr A S l i AS3 i GSl 100 0000 850 0000 50 0000 200 0000 750 0000 50 0000
d
100 0000 700 0000 200 00001 200 0000 600 0000 200 0000 j 100 0000 775 0000 1 25 0000 j 200 0000 675 0000 1 25 0000 j 150 0000 800 0000 50 0000 | 150 0000 650 0000 200 0000 | 150 0000 725 0000 125 0000] |
i j j i j 3 F a c l o i C o n s t r a i n e d Mixture ( S p r e a d i h e e H ) j
~3
Bdng 3.1. SCBM ciia hdn hgp 3 chdt HDBM
Hinh 3.3: Triiy sudt cdc thi nghiim a dinh vd tdm
[i!I3 E.i=
i \ •*'•"'' tlolp ( S I i < ^ C ^
2 3 A 6 6 T Q 9 T O 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 A
l ^ 'Z-^
i ^ ' \
• ^ S l . p p m A S 3 . p p m 1
u'TI
1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 l O D 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 I S O I S O I S O I S O o.o Ef,pe,
e s o s s o 7 S O 7 S O 7 0 0 7 0 Q BOO 6 0 0 7 7 S e 7 S SOO 6 5 0 7 2 S 7 2 S
U V U Tf- 3
G S 1 . p p m I F T SO s o s o s o 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 S 1 2 S SO 2 0 0 1 2 S I 2 S
^ I B A m rsl, 11 .
O GS O 6 2 o e,A O AE, O 3 1 O 3 S O 2 1 O 2 2 O S-4 O 3 2 O 4 S O 2 S O 3 7 O A
1 ^
- 1
Tir cac thi nghiem a dinh va a tam truy suat ra 14 thi nghiem tieu chuSn sau do do SCBM ciia moi he va nhap vao chuang trinh statistica 7 nhu da neu. Tinh toan tir ph4n mim ta thu dugc ham dap ung, phuang trinh hoi qui va thanh phan he toi uu (bang 3.2). K^t qua do SCBM va tinh tuang hgp ciia he chat HDBM toi uu dugc trinh bay trong H. 3.4.
Bang 3.2. Thdnh phdn hi tdi int M-2 ASl
Khoi
luOTlg
,ppm
150
Than h phan,
%
15
AS3 Khoi lirang ,ppm
725
Than h phan,
%
72,5
GSl Khoi
luffng
,ppm
125
Than h phan,
%
12,5
y.
ca O 5 O 4 0 3 0 2 0 1
C 5
- • » " ^^
10 15 ' r i i t V i w i i i n u n ii « t
— . « •
2 0 2G 3 0
Hinh 3.4: Thay ddi SCBM hi M-2 (lOOOppm) theo thai gian u nhiet Tu cac ket qua thu nghiem cho ta thay gia tri SCBM dau-nuac hau nhu khong thay doi trong suot 31 ngay u o nhiet do 91°C, thoa man yeu cau ky thuat cua XNLD Vietsovpetro.
3.1.2. Thir nghiem bam ip hi M-2 tren md hinh mdu loi DNR nhdm TCTHD
Theo quy trinh da neu [17] thu dugc cac ket qua TCTHD trinh bay trong cac hinh 3.5, 3.6 Ket qua gia tang he so day dau bai bam ep dung djch chat HDBM lAMS - M2 so vai bam ep nuac la: 6,2% va 8,3% (trung binh: 7,2%) a n6ng do 1000 ppm.
H.irm cp tfi-lt 1 I T H M J A M S - M 2 I MKM)ppmi
_Arj *li(=*L«W,(„-.^.^B«l_
5
Thi! lich chAt (iixi b u m tip. V'hKrnvVriNny 1 hC l i c h chat liru t>nTi c p , Vb".T(Tv'Vri\ni
Hinh 3.5: Ddng thdi day ddu bai bam ep nude Hinh 3.6: Dong thdi ddy ddu bai bam ep nuac vd bam ep niit (0,15PV) hi 1AMS-M2 (1000 vd bam ep niit (0,I5PV) hi IAMS-M2 (1000 ppm) trin md hinh via N2 XII, mdng DNR ppm) trin md hinh via No XIV, mdng DNR
Tieu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Bien ISBN; 978-604-913-015-1
3.2. Xdy dung he IAMS-M2-P vd vd thu nghiem bam ep TCTHD
Do dau DNR co do nhat cao vi ham lugng nhua va asphaten cao, dk gia tang hieu qua d§y dau ciia dung djch bam ep, tiep tuc nghien ci'm phoi trgn he IAMS-M-2 vai phu gia cai thien do nhat nham cai thien ty so dau/nuac, gia tang he so quet dSn dkn TCTHD.
Sau khi chgn dugc phu gia cai thien do nhat AN 125, phoi vofi M-2 a cac ty le khac nhau va khao sat do ben nhiet, tinh tuang hgp vai nuac bien trong qua trinh li 31 ngay a 91''C
Bang 3.3. Do nhat va SCBM d4u - he M-2/phu gia trong 31 ngay u a 9 l T nuac bien DNR
H e - Tyle M-2: PG (L 1000 ppm)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9,0:1,0
8,5:1,5
8,0:2,0
7,5:2,5
7,0:3,0
6,5:3,5
6,0:4,0
Chi tieu theo doi
SCBM, IFT, dyne/cm Do nhat, \x, cP
Ngoai quan
SCBM, IFT, dyne/cm Do nhat, ji, cP
Ngoai quan
SCBM, IFT, dyne/cm Do nhat, \i, cP
Ngoai quan
SCBM, IFT, dyne/cm Do nhat, \x, cP
Ngoai quan
SCBM, IFT, dyne/cm Do nhat, \x, cP
Ngoai quan
SCBM, IFT, dyne/cm Do nhdt, \i, cP
Ngoai quan
SCBM, IFT, dyne/cm Do nhat, ji, cP
Ngoai quan
0 0.187
1.12 trong 0.180 1.25 trong 0.190 1.21 trong 0.195 1.3 trong 0.186 1.3 trong 0.221 1.35 trong 0.230 1.46 trong
Thoi g
7 0.195
0.98 trong 0.205 1.18 trong 0.192 1.05 trong
0.21 1.07 trong 0.190 1.07 trong 0.237 1.3 trong 0.230 1.31 trong
ian u (ngay)
14 0.204
0.85 trong 0.224 1.01 trong 0.195 1.07 trong 0.215 1.03 trong 0.199 1.05 trong 0.243 1.21 trong 0.245 1.25 due
21 0.211
0.86 trong 0.236 1.02 trong 0.192 1.02 trong
0.23 1.04 trong 0.215 1.02 trong 0.241 1.15 due 0.250
1.2 due
31 0.21 0.74 trong 0.238 1.02 trong 0.192 1.01 trong
0.23 1.02 trong 0.250 1.02 trong 0.272 1.17 due 0.274
1.21 due Tu bang 3.3, nhan th^y Mau 2 vai thanh ph4n he chat HDBM M-2 800 ppm va AN 125 200 ppm on dinh nhat trong qua trinh u, ca kha nang giam SCBM va ca do nhdt. Sir gia tang do nhdt co the dugc giai thich trong hinh 3.7. Mau 2 dugc tiep tuc thu nghiem bam ep tren mo hinh mau loi mong DNR vdi ky hieu IAMS-M2-P, ket qua trinh bay trong hinh 3.8.
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc kv mem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010
Chit HDHvl
Lien ket yeu
Hinh 3.7: Tuang tdc polyme - chdt HDBM Hinh 3.8: Ddng thdi ddy ddu boi ham ep nude vd bam ip niit chdt HDBM IAMS-M2-P
(^ac he chat HDBM IAMS-M2 va IAMS-M2-P deu dap ung day dii cac yeu c4u ky thuat doi vdi hoa pham bam ep TCTHD tai mong mo DNR cua XNLD Vietsovpetro. Hai hgp dong s6 0355/06/T-N5-VKHVLUD, 1029/T-N5/VSP5-VKHVLUD [21] da dugc thue hien thanh cong va dang chuan bi giai doan thir nghiem ngoai gian de thirc hien vao nam 2011.
3.3. Khdo sdt cdc he hgp trdi chdt HDBM: Si02 NP
Tong hgp Si02NP va bien tinh vdi PEG theo cac tai lieu [18, 19], cac hon hgp chat HDBM: NP/SMNP dugc chuan bi nhu trong 2.2.3, cac ket qua dugc trinh bay trong cac hinh:
SiO? Modified - S i 0 2 SS16-46A A SiOJNtodiftoa SS16-46A -o - SS 1 SS 16-a6A
Hinh 3.9: SCBM ddu - hi 46A/NP/SMNP Hinh 3.10: SCBM ddu - he 47A/NP/SMNP
- X S A 1 4 - I 0 o SiOa XSA14-1« - ^ k ~ S . 0 2 lutod.r<od K S A i j
Hinh 3.13: SCBM ddii-hi 1416D/NP/SMNP Hinh 3.14: SCBM ddu - hi 1416/NP/SMNP
E c i m
\
\
SiCU S 0 2 k K < H i d
.IB • » M l UU
- B - s a ? €0
^ • » w : wo Huu cpn
* W ! M o d < . d EO ^^
Hinh 3.15: SCBM ddu-hi Betain/NP/SMNP
Hinh 3.16: SCBM ddu-hi AEOS/NP/SMNP
Hinh 3.17: SCBM ddu-he AOS/NP/SMNP
Tieu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Bien ISBN: 978-604-^13-015-1
Tu cac gia tri SCBM giira dau va cac he ch§t HDBM/NP/SMNP thu dugc, ta tha> hieu ung hgp trgi hau nhu khong xuat hien khi phoi trgn NP. SMNP vdi cac ch§t HDBM co tinh ky nude ai dau khong dii manh, the hien qua so cacbon th4p (C14.16) hoac it nhom ethoxy dugc gSn vao duoi de gia tang chieu dai mach (n=2, 3) (Hinh 3.9. 3.14, 3.16-17). Ngugc lai, hieu ung hgp trgi the hien rat ro qua sir giam SCBM dot bi^n khi ph6i trgn SiO;NP vdi cac phan tu chat HDBM co duoi ky nude ai dau dugc keo dai bang nhilu nhom EO (47A co 9 nhom EO, Hinh 3.10) hoac co hai duoi, nhu d6i vdi 1416D (Hinh 3.13) va chSt HDBM dang betain (Hinh 3.15). Dieu nay co the do cac chat HDBM co tinh ky nude ai dau thap se tan tot trong nude. Si02NP ciing co tinh ua nude cao nen phan tan tot trong pha nude. Nhu vay, ca hai tac chat se ton tai chinh trong pha nude, it hap phu len be mat lien dien (BMLD) dau nude nen SCBM dau-nudc khong giam ma con co the tang khi c6 mat Si02NP (46A va AEOS).
Ngugc lai, SCBM giam dot nggt bdi tac dgng cua hieu ung hgp trgi co the do ai lire hap phu va / hoac sir sap xep ngugc chieu giiia cae SiOiNP co tinh ai nude cao va cac duoi CH dai co tinh ai dau cao. Khi cac SiOiNP hap phu len cac nhom EO ciia duoi ky nude ai dau se lam cho chat HDBM tao mixen tren BMLD dau-nudc chat che han, giam luc be mat tot han, dan den giam SCBM tdt han. Hon hgp 1416D: NP/ SMNP d ty le 6:4, SCBM hai pha dSu-nude giam xuong gan 5 lan so vdi d 600 ppm 1416D (2*10'^ dyne/cm so vdi 9*10'^ dyne/cm). Chat HDBM ludng cue betain giam SCBM dSu-nudc tot (4*10"^ dyne/cm d n6ng do 800 ppm), khi ph6i them 200 ppm Si02NP, SCBM giam them 10 \in (4*10'^ dyne/cm). Dae biet vdi 47A, SCBM d4u-nudc la 2*10"^ dyne/cm d 1000 ppm nhung khi eo Si02NP, d ty le 9:1, 8:2 cho den 4:6 van cho hieu irng giam SCBM rat tot, tir 4*10"' den 7*10'^ dyne/cm, giam them g4n 5 lan niia. Nhu vay, vdi kha nang giam SCBM dau-nudc gSn lO"^ lan (tir 24 dyne/em xudng con 4* 10'^ dyne/cm), so mao dan Nc da tang lO'* tuang irng, tir 10"^ len 10"'\
4. Ket luan
1. Cac he chSt HDBM IAMS-M2 va IAMS-M2-P dIu dap irng day dii cac yeu eSu ky thuat doi vdi hoa pham bam ep TCTHD tai mong mo DNR ciia XNLD Vietsovpetro vdi hieu qua TCTHD la 7,2 - 7,78% khi bam ep nut 0,15 PV n6ng do 1000 ppm, hieu suSt phuc hdi do thamgSn 100%;
2. Hai hgp dong vdi XNLD Vietsovpetro da dugc thirc hien thanh cong va he chSt HDBM IAMS-M2-P dugc dua vao kg hoach thir nghiem quy mo Pilot tai mo DNR trong nam 2011;
3. Da dua ra cac phdi trgn chat HDBM/Si02NP cd hieu irng hgp trdi rk ro ret, giam SCBM dau-nudc xudng lO"" lan d ndng do tdng 1000 ppm;
4. Nhiing phat hien nay giiip dua ra nhirng hon hgp ed kha nang giam SCBM cue thSp vdi rat it chat HDBM, vira tilt kiem chi phi, an toan hon vdi mdi trudng.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Don W. Green, G. Paul Willhite (1998) Enhance Oil Recovery, SPE Textbook series vol. 8, p 4. Hgp ddng ^2: 0955/06/T-N5/-VSP5-VKHVLUD ''Nghiin ciru thi nghiim lira chon cdc hdn hgp chdt hogt tinh bi mat vd phuang phdp bam ep chung vdo via nhdm ndng cao he sd ddy ddu cho than ddu mdng Ddng Nam Rdng", Viing Tau, thang
12 nam 2008
2. Tran Le Ddng, Hoang Van Quy, Truang Cdng Tai (2005) Thdn ddu trong dd mdng nirt ne- hang hdc md Bgch Hd, Ddng Natn Rdng vd gidi phdp bam ep nuac nhdm ndng
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc kv mem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd C.. ..g nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010
cao hi sd thu hdi ddu, Tuyen tap bao cao Hdi nghi Khoa hgc-Cdng nghe "iO Ndm Ddu khi Viet Natn -Ca hdi mai thdch thirc mai" NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat, Quyen I, tr.52-57
3. Shuler, P.J., et. al. (1989) Improving Chemical Flood Efficiency with Micellar/Alka line /Polymer Processes. J. Pet. Tech., 41, 80-88
4. Taber, J.J., Martin, F.D., and Seright, R.S. (1996) EOR Screening Criteia Revisited - Part 2. Application and Impact of Oil Prices, SPE Reservoir Engineering.
5. Truang Cdng Tai, Nguyen Chu Chuyen (2002) Do thdtn ciia tdng mdng md Bgch Hd vd vai trd cua nd trong bien ludn gidi phdp ndng cao he sd thu hdi ddu, Hdi thdo khoa hoc "Ndng cao hi sd thu hdi ddu md Bgch Hd ", Viing Tau, Viet Nam
6. Kishore K. Mohanty. Dilute Surfactant Methods for Carbonate Formations. Technical report. Office of Scientific & Technical Information, USA, (2001-2005).
7. Ju Binshan, Fan Tailiang and Ma Mingxue (2006) Enhanced oil recovery by flooding with hydrophilic nanoparticles. China Particuology 4 ( 1 ) 4 1
8. Wang Hai-Wen (2007) Study of enhancing water adsorbing index by nanometer-sized silicon oxide in water injection well. Diffusion and Defect Data-Solid State Data, Pt.
B: Solid State Phenomena, 121-123 (Pt. 2, Nanoscience and Technology, Part 2), 1497 9. Sefiane Khellil, Skilling Jennifer and MacGillivray Jamie (2008) Contact line motion and dynamic wetting of nanofluid solutions Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 138(2), 101
10. Tiantian Zhang, Andrew Davidson, Steven L. Bryant, and Chun Huh (2010) Nanoparticle - Stabilized Emulsions for Applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery, SPE paper 129885 presented at the Seventeenth SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium,
Tulsa, OK, United States, 24-28 April
11. Tormod Skauge, Kristine Spildo, Ame Skauge (2010) Nano-Sized Particles for EOR.
SPE paper 129933 presented at the Seventeenth SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, United States, 24-28 April
12. Bernard P. Bink and Catherine P. Whitby (2005) Nanoparticles Silica-Stabilized Oil- in-Water Emulsion: Improving Stability Colloids and Surfaces A, Physicochem Eng.
Aspects 105
13. David Espinosa, et al. (2010) Nanoparticle-Stabilized Supercritical CO2 Foams for Potential Mobility Control Applications, SPE paper 129925 presented at the Seventeenth SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, United States, 24- 28 April
14. Timothy N. Hunter, et al. (2008). The Role of Particles in Stabilizing Emulsions and Foams Advances in Colloid and Inteiface Science 137 57-61
15. Nguyen Phuong Tung et al.(2008) Design of the Thermostable Surfactant Systems for Enhanced Oil Recovery in the Dragon South Eastern Basement Reservoir, Tuyen tap Hdi nghi 30 nam DSu khi Viet Nam phat trien va hdi nhap. Ha Ndi, 21-22/05, (I), 733 16. Nguyen Phuang Tiing va cae cdng su (2008) Bao cao tdng kit dk tai KHCN cdp Nha
Nude Nghien ciru sir dung gel vd cdc chdt hogt ddng be tndt de ndng cao hi sd thu hdi
Tieu ban: Khoa hgc cong nghe Bien ISBN: 978-604-913-015-1
ddu md, MS: KC02.07/06-10, Tp. HCM, thangl2 2008.
17. N. N. Khimich, et al (2003) Sol-Gel Synthesis of Monodispersed Si02 Nanoparticles in the Presence of Organic Amines. Russian Journal of Applied ChemistiT (Translation ofZhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii) 76 (6) 875
18. Weilong Wang, et al (2009) Preparation and performance of form-stable polyethylene glycol/ silicon dioxide composites as solid-liquid phase change materials Applied Energy 86 170
19. Nguyen Phuong Tiing va cac cdng sir (2010) Bao cao tdng ket de tai ddc lap cap Vien KHCN Viet Nam Nghiin ciru tdng hgp vd irng dung hi chdt hogt ddng be mat mai- Gimini trong bam ep tdng cirang thu hdi ddu thd, Tp. Hd Chi Minh, thang 8 nam 2010 20. Nguyen Phuang Tiing va cac cdng sir (2009). Bao cao tdng ket de tai Xdy dung cdng
nghi tdc ddng ly hda dung dich chdt hogt tinh bi mat nhdm ndng cao hi sd thu hdi ddu cho than ddu Ddng nam md Rdng theo dan hdng DV-153/08-VSP05XNLD
'•Vietsovpetro ", Hgp ddng sd: 1029/08/T-N5/VSP5-VKHVLUD, Vung Tau, 12/2009.
