CHAN -NUOI DQNG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
X n g c TRANG DICH CUM GIA CAM TAI TINH QUANG NINH GIAI DOAN 2013-2018
D D Vli "Van Giang'*
N g a y n h g n bai bao: 12/03/2019 - N g a y n h g n bai p h a n bifn: 29/03/2019 N g a y bai b a o d u g e cha'p n h a n d a n g : 14/04/2019
T O M T A T
Tien hanh tong h g p tinh hinh dich a i m gia cam (CGC) va xay d u n g ban d o djch te ciia bfnh tgi Hnh Quang Ninh giai doan 2013-2018 cho tha'y dich benh xay ra d ca 6 nam dieu g a vdi cbiing virut gay bfnh thupc 02 subtyp H5N1 va H5N6, Dich CGC xay ra vdi quv mo ldn vao nam 2013 tai 21 xa/pbucmg thupc 6 huyen/thanh/thj ghi nhan 17.058 gia cam mac benh, che't va tieu hiiy. Bfnh ciim gia cam xay ra chu ye'u tren dan ga cua dia p h u o n g (61,28%). Benh xay ra quanh nam, nliung tgp trung chii yeu vao vu Ddng-Xuan. Ty If luu hanh benh CGC tai tinh Q u a n g Ninh cdn kha cao.
Vi vay, dia p h u o n g can chu g p n g deh cdng tac tiem phdng nham khong che'dich bfnh.
Tir khda: Benh ciim gia cam, bdn do dich te. gd, Qudng Ninh.
ABSTRACT
Situation of Avian influenza at Q u a n g N i n h province in the period 2013-2018 Conduct review the situation of Avian influenza and m a p p i n g of disease epidemiology in Quang Ninh province in the period of 2013-2018, aggregate results show that disease occurs in both the 6-year investigation with virus strain of 02 subtyp H5N1 and H5N6. The avian influenza occurs on a large scale in 2013 in 21 communes/wards of 6 district/city/town recorded 17 058 poultry disease, death, and destruction. Avian influenza occurs mainly in local chickens (61,28%). The disease occurs throughout the year but focused primarily on a winter-spring crop. Prevalence of avian flu in Quang Ninli province is relatively high. Therefore, locatities should pay more attention to the vaccination to control the disease.
Key words: The Avian influenza, the epidemiology map, chicken, Quang Ninh province.
1. BAT VAN DE h d a c h o 10 logi p r g t e i n k h a c n h a u ( A l e x a n d e r , n - , , . „- /r^r-r-. .*- ^' ^ 1993; Itg va K a w a o k a , 1998).
Bfnh c u m gia c a m ( C G C ) d a t u n g d u g c
biet d e n tir s a u n h u n g v u d g i d i c b xua't h i e n tai T ^ e o FuHer v a ct\' (2015), v i r u s c u m gia earn H d n g K d n g n a m 1997 g a y r a c h o cac d a n gia la ^ O t h o n g n h i m g m a m b f n h n g u y h i e m g a y cam d n b i e u n u d e h e n t h e g i d i . T a i Vift N a m , b f n h eho ca con n g u d i , n d c u n g g a y thift b a i djch c u m gia c a m xua't h i e n b a t n g d v a o e u d l d a n g k e eho n g a n h c h a n n u d i gia c a m h e n toan n a m 2003, khi d d n g a n h c h a n n u d i gia c a m the gidi. Vdi n h u n g Hnh ehat n g u y h i e m cua eua n u d e ta e h u ye'u t h e o p h u a n g t h u e n d n g b f n h , T d c h u c T h u y T h e gidi (OIE) xep b f n h h p n h d Ie n e n q u a t r i n h k i e m s o a t v a k h o n g v a o Bang A - Bang d a n h m u c cac b f n h t r u y e n che' djch b f n h e y e k y k h d k h a n l a m clio b f n h n h i e m n g u y h i e m nha't (Cue Tbii y, 2004).
lay lan rat n h a n h . Q u a n g N m h la m g t H n h cd d u d n g b i e n C a n b f n h la cac v i r u s t h u d e h p g i d i d a i g i a p T n m g Qud'c n e n la d a u m d i Orthoinyxoviridae, t y p e A v d i n h i e u p h a n t y p e t r u n g c h u y e n h a n g h d a giiia 2 qud'c gia. Vife k h a c n h a u g a y n e n . V e b a n chat v i r u s e d m la v a n e h u y e n , b u d n b a n d g n g v a t va s a n p h a m v i r u s A R N v d i b d g e n g o m : 8 p h a n d o a n m a d g n g v a t d i e n ra he't s u e p h i i c t a p la n g u y e n ' Tmong CD Kmh te^Ky Thugt - DHTN 1 ^ 3 " ™ b a n d i n de'n b f n h C u m gia earn lay
* Tac gia lien he TS. Do Thj Van Giang, Trucmg CD Kinh lan va CO d i e n bie'n p h i i c t a p tai Q u a n g N i n h . le^Ky Thu,il - DliTN. Dia chi: To 15, p. Thjnh Dan. TP Thai -r- , - . - - ^ , . . i • -- , , - Nguyen, tinh Thai Nguyen. Email- vangiang208^gmail,com; ^ U n h u n g yeU Cau c a p thiet CUa VlCC k h o n g HT 0904227272 c h e ' c a n b f n h tai Q u a n g N i n h , d e tai Xdc dinb
k'HKT Chnn nuni MO 245 - thniia f, ..;;..• 2019 79
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(inh hinh dich Cum gia cam tai rinh Quang Ninh giai doan 2013-2018 dupe thuc hifn.
2. VAT L(|U VA PHinme PHAP NGHI£N ci]ru Xae dinh su phan bo bfnh a i m gia cam tgi cae dia pbuang eua Hnh Quang Ninh giaj dogn 2013-2018, Hi dd xay dung ban dd dich te cua bfnh; xac dinh t\' If gia cam bfnh, che't va Heu buy hong cac nam dieu Ha; xae dinh ty If mSe cum theo loai gia cam; xac dinh t)' If gia cam m5e bfnh, che't va tieu buy theo miia \ai tai eac dja phuong cd dicb; xac dinh ty If luu hanh bfnb aim gia cam tai Quang Ninh.
Phuong phap dieu tra dicb te bpc hdi ciiu, dga vao so lifu cae d djch aim gia cam duge ghi chep ehi Het den cap xa do Chi cgc Thu y tinh Quang Ninh cung cap; so lifu tong dan gia cam ke'thira so lifu cua Tong Cgc Thd'ng ke giai dogn 2013-2018.
So'lifu duge xu ly theo phuong pbap thdng ke sinh hpe (Nguyen Van Thif a 2008).
Tren eo sd dir lifu thu dupe xay d t ^ g ban do djch to bfnh aim gia cam tai Quang Ninh bang Hf tbdng tbdng tm dia ly (GIS- Geographic Infomiabon System), Hen phan mem Mapinfor 11.0.
IK^TQUAVATHAOLUAN
3.1. Sg phan bo bfnh ciim gia cam tai Quang Ninh giai doan 2013-2018
Ke't qua bang 1 cbo tbay dicb aim gia cam xual bifn trong ca 6 nam 2013-2018. Moi
nam djch xua't hifn d 1-6 huyfn, thanh, tht cua Hnh Quang Ninh. Djch a i m gui '-"•^'" \'^>' ra tren difn rpng vao nam 2013 \ oi 6 ''i^'^ ^''''' tbanh, thi. Cd 5 huyfn, thanh khdn>; il^-'^ ^,^''^]
hifn dich aim hen dan gia cam tioiig tat ea eae nam dieu tra, dd la: Hianh phd Cim Pha, huyfn Hoanh Bo, huyfn Van Don, bin'fn Tien Yen va huyfn dao Cd Td.
Bang 1. Phan bdbfnh aim tren dan gia cam tgi cac huyfn, thanh, thi ciia Quang Ninh 2013-2018
phuong Ba Che Binh Lieu Cam Pha Dam Ha Hai Ha Dong Tneu Quang Yen H^i Long Hoanh Bo' Uong Bi Mong Cai Van Don Tien Yen Co To Tong
Nam dieu tra 2013 2014 2015
X
X
^
""
6 X X
x
1 2
2016 2017 2018 X
X X X
X X
«
4 3 X
X
2 So nam b{ dich
3 1 0 1 3 1 4 1 0 1 3 0 0 0
Glii chii: X Id co dich cum gia cam; - Id khong co dich ciiin gin cam
TirJi hinli dieh cum gia cam ciia tinh Quang Nmh giai dogn 2013-2018 dupc the hifn qua ban do dieh te eua benh trong timg nam.
- ^ • « • - - - i F l - • # -
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C H A N N U O I D Q N G VAT VA CAC VAN D E K H A C
3.2. Dien bien tinh hinh dich ciim gia cam tai tinh Quang Ninh giai dogn 2013-2018
Ke't qua bang 2 eho thay: trong giai dogn tir nam 2013 de'n 2018, dieh aim gia cam da xay ra tai 41 hp gia dinh thupe 28 phudng, xa tren dia ban 18 huyfn/thanh/thi; ghi nhgn 50.706 gia earn mac bfnh, 47.679 gia cam che't Bang 2. Gia cam bfnh, chet va tieu hiiy do ciim
va Heu buy do a i m . Nam 2013, dich aim gia cam xay ra hen difn rpng nha't (21 hp gia dinh thupc 12 phudng xa vdi 17.058 gia cam mac bfnh va toan bd so gia cam nay deu bi tieu hiiy). Giai doan 2014-2018, dich a i m gia cam van Hep tuc xay ra tren dia ban tinh Quang Ninh vdi quy md nhd le hon.
gia cam tai Quang Ninh giai dogn 2013-2018
Tong din So huyfn , . , . gia cam thanh, thi '^ . , ° ' .
, . ' -,. , xa CO CO (con) CO dich ^.^^^ ^.^^
Gia cam mac cum Gia cam chet va tieu huy do ciim So gia cam Ty If
(con) (%) So gja cam (con) Ty If (%}
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 T o n e
2,526.720 2.578.300 2.741.395 2.882.200 3.222.820 3.317.000 17.268.435
12 21 17.058
851 2.300 10.572 10.915 9 010 50.706
0,68 0,03 0,08 0,37 0,34 0,27 0,29
851 2 300 10.020 8.440 9.010 47.679
0,68 0,03 0,08 0,35 0,26 0,27 0,28
Sd di dicb xay ra vdi quy md nhd la do klii
cd dieh ciini gia earn xay ra Ban chi dao phdng chd'ng dieh eiia tinb eung nhu ea sd; kip tbdi hd trg ve nhan Ige, vgt tu', hda eba't xii' Iy o djch ciing nhu vaccine tiem phdng bao vay dgp dich. Dgng thdi, tinb Quang Ninh ludn bam sat cac van ban ehi dao cua Thu hrdng Cbinh phii, Bp Ndng nghifp va PTNT, Cue Tbii y trong xu Iy o dich eung nhu thue hifn CO che'bd trp ddi vdi vgt nudi bi tliiet hai do tbien tai, dicb bfnh, Vi vgy, edng tae xir ly o dieh, hd tig thift hai eho ngudi chan nudi dugc tbuc hifn dung qui dinh, dting ddi tugng va cd hifu qua. Dieu nay da khuyen khich ngu'di cban nudi kip thdi khai bag khi cd dich xay ra.
Dicb dim gia earn phat sinh tgi tinh Quang Ninh trong giai doan 2013-2018 deu tren gia cam ehua dupc tiem phdng vaccine Bang 3. Ty If mac bfnh cum theo logi gi;
cum hoac tiem phdng chua dii thdi gian mien dich. Tai mdt so dia phucmg cdn xay ra hifn tu'png mua con gid'ng trdi ndi, khdng cd gia'y ehiing nhan nguon gd'c, khdng khai bao vdi ehinh quyen dia phuong khi nhap nudi mdi, khi cd gia cam d'm khdng bao kip thdi...Iam phat sinh dich bfnh (theo bao eao tdng ke't edng tac phdng, chd'ng dich cum gia cam giai doan 2014-2018 oia Chi cue Chan nudi va 'Tbii Y tinh Quang Ninh, 2018),
3.3. Ty If mac bfnh ciim theo loai gia cam Gid'ng, Ioai ed anh hudng deh ty le nhiem bfnh va t\' If nhiem bfnh a i m gia cam ndi rieng. Ke't qua dieu Ha cho tha'y ty If mac bfnh a i m gia cam phu thudc theo loai gia cam cd tgi (2uang Ninh; giai doan 201_3-2D18 benh chi xay ra tren ga, %at, ngan va ngdng.
a cam tgi Quang Ninh giai doan 2013-2018
Nam 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Tfing
Tong so gia cam mac ciim (con)
17,058 851 2,300 10 572 10.915 9,010 50.706
So con mac ( 11.156
851 1300 2.995 10.763 4,010 31.075
Ga con ) Ty ie (%)
65,40 100 56,52 28,33 98,61 44,51 6\.2>>
Vit (con) 4.590 0 800 7.318
152 5.000 17 860
Tyle 26,91
(%)
0.00 34,78 69,22 1.39 55.49 35,22
Ngan, So con ma (con) 1.312 0 200 259 0 0 1,771
ngong ,c Ty U
(%)
7,69 0,00 8,70 2,45 0,00 0,00 3,49 ti'UI.-rrUn,, ,t„A! irA '•Js - ' ' l A.,^A „
=-
201981
C H A N N U O ^ e p N G VAT VA CAC VAN D l
Ket qua bang 3 cho tha'y logi gia cam khac nhau thi t\' If mac benh cung khac nhau. Ta't ca cac loai gia cam deu ed kha nang cam nhiem vdi virus cum gia cam, tuy nhien. Hong cae nam dieu Ha tgi tinb Quang Xmh khdng thay bfnh xua't hifn tren eae logi chim nudi (bo cau, cut...) ma elii xua't bifn tren dan ga, vit, ngan va ngdng. Sd lugng ga mac bfnb aim chiem ty If cao nha't (61,28%), sau dd den vit (35,22%) va tba'p nha't la d ngan, ngdng (3,49%). Ket qua nay phii hgp vdi nghien oiu oia Tran Van Pbuc (2015) tgi Thai Nguyen, ta't ea eac loai gia Bang 4. Ty If gia cam mac bfnh, chet va tieu
cam deu cd kha nang earn nhiem voi ^ inis ^^Lim gia cam, trong dd ga mic bfnb \ m K' If >• -'^^
nha't (71,71%), sau dd den vit (24,:V4'\.). cac logi gia cam khae nhu ngan, ngdng, chim bd eau va ehim ciit ty If m^c bfnh la thap nh.it (3,95%).
3.4. Ty If mac bfnh ciim gia cam theo miia Miia vu la ye'u to dupc rat nhieu nha djch te hpc quan tam, dugc coi la veu to stress khieh benh dieh phat sinh. De hieu ro han ve dac diem dieh te a i a bfnh a i m gia cam, dieu ha ty If m5e bfnh eiim theo miia vg dugc the hifn qua bang 4.
huy do ciim gia cam tgi Quing Ninh 2013-2018
Nam2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Tinh chung
Mu.i vv Dong-Xuan
He-Thu Dong-Xuan
He-Thu Dong-Xuan
He-Thu Dong-Xuan
He-Thu Dong-Xuan
He-Thu Dong-Xuan
He-Thu Dong-Xuan
H6-Thu
Tong 50 gja cam mac
1711.S8
S i l
2,300 10.572 10.915 9.010 50,706
So gia cam mac b?nh theo So con
5 071 119S7 851
0 1.000 1.300 8 6.=i7 1915 10.915
0 9.010
0 35.504 15 202
mua Tyle(%)
29,73 70,27 100 0,00 43,48 56.52 81,89 18,11 100 0.00 100 0.00 70,02 29,98
Tong so gia huy 17.058
851 2.300 10.020 8.440 9.010 47 679
So gia cam chet va tieu hiiy So con
5.071 11.987
851 0 1.000 1.300 8.105 1.915 8.440 0 9.010
0 32.477 15.202
theo mua Ty 1? (%)
29,73 70,27 100 0,00 43,48 56,52 80,89 19,11 100 0,00 100 0,00 68,12 31,88
Trong nhung nam ed dich aim gia cam
tgi Quang Ninh, dieh cbu ye'u xay ra vao vu Ddng-Xuan (70,02%) vi thdi tie't thudng am u, cudng dg anh sang ye'u, dp am eao, thdi He't thay ddi dpt ngpt, lam giam siic de khang tu nhien aia con vat va kha nang diet tru cae mam bfnb ngoai tg nhien aing hgn che. Day la dieu kien thuan Ipi cbo cac logi vi khuan va \'irus (trong dd cd ca virus aim) sinh sdi ra't nhanh (tang ve so Iuong va ddc Iuc), lam tang kha nang gay bfnh. Hon niia, mua Ddng la nhiing thang gan giap tet, eho nen viee van ehuyen budn ban gia cam ciing tang eao, lam eho dieh bfnh lay Ian tir \-iing nay sang vimg khae de dang ban. Vu He-Thu, so lugng gia cam bi mac bfnb giam xud'ng vi dp am khdng khi tha'p, nhift dg cao, cudng dp chieu sang manb khdng thich hgp cho su sinh san va
phat tan eho virus aim.
Ke't qua dieu Ha nay phii hpp vdi cdng bdcua Nguyen Thi Dang (2010) tai Bac Ninh la ^iai doan 2004-2009 cd 97,77% so gia cam mac benh vao vu Ddng-Xuhn. Tran Thi Triic (2013), nghien ciiu dac diem dich tl I .enh aim gia cam tgi Bac Giang giai dogn 2004-2013 ebo biet tgi Bac Giang, dich cum gia cam xav ra d ea 2 vu Ddng-Xuan va He-Thu, nhung ehii ye'u la Ddng-Xuan (63,6%).
3.5. Ty If luu hanh bfnh Ciim tren 100.000 con gia cam
De xae dinh hong 100.000 g,a cam khde manh ed bao nhieu eon bi bfnh, hOh hanh xac dinh ty If luu hanh bfnh aim trc-n 100.000 con gia cam tgi Quang Xinh giai doan 2013-2018 (Bang 5).
82
KHKTChdn nuoi so 245 - thdng o nam ViJ7,CHAN NUOI DQNG VAT VA CAC VAN DE KHAC
B a n g 5. L u u h a n h b f n h ciim gia cam tgi Q u a n g N i n h giai d o a n 2013-2018 Nam
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
1 gia cam 2 526 720 2.578.300 2.741.395 2,882.200 3.222.820 3.317.000
Gia cam mac ciim 17,058
851 2.300 10.572 10.915 9.010
Ty 1? liru hanh bf nh/100.000 con
675,10 33,01 83,90 366,80 338,68 271,63 Ty If l u u h a n h b f n h c u m gia earn c a o nha't v a o n a m 2013 (0,67%), s a u d d d e n n a m 2016 va 2017 (0,36 va 0,33%), n a m 2018 la 0,27%;
nam 2014 va 2015 ed ty If lu'u h a n h b f n h a i m gia cam t h a p n h a t (0,03 v a 0,08%). N h u vay, ty If Iuu b a n h b e n h c u m gia c a m tai Q u a n g N i n h la t u o n g d d i tha'p n h u n g d u y tri d e u d a n q u a cae n a m , vi vgy, d i e h eiim gia earn v a n t h u d n g xuyen xua't h i f n tai d i a p h u o n g n g h i e n ciiu.
4. K£T L U A N
Djch c u m gia c a m tgi t i n h Q u a n g N i n h dien bie'n p b u c t g p t r o n g 6 n a m (2013-2018).
Ty If m a c b f n h a i m t h a y d d i t h e o loai g i a c a m , trong d d cao nha't d ga (61,28%). B f n h c u m gia cam xay ra q u a n h n a m tgi Q u a n g N i n h n h u n g
t a p t r u n g e h u ye'u v a o VTI D d n g - X u a n . T y If l u u h a n h b f n h a i m g i a c a m tai Q u a n g N i n h t u o n g d d i tha'p.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Alexander D.J. (1993), Orthomwovirus Infections, Viral Infections of Vertebrates, III: 277-16.
2. Chi cue Chan nuoi va Tliii Y tinh Quang Ninh (2018) Bao cao tongketcong tac phong, chong dich cum gia cam giai doan 2014-2018.
3 Cue Thii y (2004). Benh aim 6 gia cam va bien phap phong chong. t'jXB Nong nghiep.
4. Nguyen Thi Dang (2010). Ngliien cihi mpt so dac diem diich te, sy liru hanh cua benh ciim gia cam va hieu qua sii dung vaccine trong thuc dia tinh Bac Ninh, Lugn van TTiac sT Nong nghiep. Dai hpc Thai Nguyen.
5. Fuller T.L., Ducatez M.F., Njabo K.Y., Couacy-Hymann E., Chasar A., Aplogan G.L., Lao S., Awoume F., Tehou A., Langeois Q., Krauss S. and Smith T.B. (2015). Avian influenza sur\'eillance m Central and West Africa 2010- 2014. Epidemiol Infect,, 143(10): 2205-12 6. Ho T. and Kawaoka Y. (199S). Avian influenza, K.G.
Nicholson, R.C, Webster and A J Hay (ed.). Textbook of influenza, Blackwell Saences Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom. Pp 126-36,
7. Tran Van Phiic (2015), Nghien cuu mgt so dgc diem djch te, sy luu hinh ciia virus ciim gia cam va hieu qua sii' dung vaccine H5N1 trong thyc d(a tai tinh Thii Nguyen, Luan van Thgc sT Nong ngtuep, Dgi hpc Tliai Nguyen.
8. Nguyen Van Thien (2015). Phuong phap nghien ciiu trong chin nuoi, NXB Nong nghiep, 2008.
9. Tran Th( TnJc (2013) Nghien cmi mpt so dac diem dich tl va bie'n doi benh ly cua benh ciim gia cam type A/H5N1 tai tinh BJc Giang, Luan van Thac si Nong nghiep. E)gi hpc Thai Nguyen.
MOT SO DAC DIEM HANH VI CUA GIONG CHO BAN DIA DANG SOI TRONG Ll/A CHON HUAN LUYEN NGHIEP VU
Tran Hiru Cdi'', Ngo Quang Dire', Bid Xudn Phuong', Pbam Tbanh Hdi' vd Nguyin Vdn Vianh^
N g a y n h a n bai bao: 01/03/2019 - N g a y n h a n bai p h a n bien: 30/03/2019 N g a y bai b a o d u g c c h a p n h g n d a n g : 14/04/2019
T O M T A T
Theo hf thdng phan logi FCI (Ferderahon Cynology International), giong cho ban dia d a n g sdi thupc nhom 5 (nhdm chd Spitz va d i d cd xua), p h a n n h o m 5 (Chd Spitz chau A va cac gio'ng lien quan). Day la giong chd ban dia Viet Nam, p h a n bo chii ye'u d khu \'uc Sdng Ma, Thanh Hoa, chiing cd nhirng dac diem ve h a n h \ i d a p iing yeu cau huaii luyen lam chd nghifp vg. Giong chd dong ,soi cd phan u n g tim kiem bang kliuu giac 92,33%, p h a n u n g thuc an 84,67% va phan i m g dinh hu'dng 77%. Day la n h u n g tinli trang tVQi ciia hanh vi bat budc va can thiet de h u a n luyf n cho tim kiem phat hifn bom min. Gid'ng cho d a n g soi cd logi hinh than kinh m a n h can bang linh hoat chie'm ty If cao (49,33%), d a p iing dugc yeu cau ve mat than kinh trong huan luven tim kiem, phat hien bom min Chimg giao tie'p d miic trung binh kha, miic d o boat d p n g manh, ddc lap the hifn dp linh ' Trung tam Nhiv-t doi Vif t-Nfga/Bii quoc Phong
• Hpc Vien Nong nghiep \'ie' Nam
• Tlic gii liC-n H' ThS. Tran Hihi Coi, Vien Sinh thai Nhiel doi
Em.iil- tr.\ncnivrlci^'Smail.com. Toing tam Nhiet doi Viet-Nga/Bg quoc Phong, DT' 0989646965
