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NGAY XUAN THOANG B A N VE VAN HOA TAM LINH
TCOHGNGUKBI*
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am linh va van hda tam linh la nhdng van de thuOc tTnh vyc ttr tifdng cao sidu phdc tap va ludn dong hdnh vdl cudc;6ng ddi thu-dng cDa con ngudi. Xa hpi cdng )hdt trien, ddi sdng v^t chlit dugc ndng cao, fdi song tinh than cdng phong phd thi ddi
;6ng tdm linh cung anh hu'dng nhif h$ qua :Da quy lu|t phat trien. Cd t h l vf ddi sdng tdm inh nhu" Id "dda con bu mdt bdu sda" vdl ddi
;6ng van hod. Da tdng cd nhdng nghien cdu 'e tam linh, ve tin ngu'dng vd me tin a nhieu :Sp dp, ddng k l Id g^n ddy, Vi$n Van hod Jgh^ thult Vi$t Nam da du'p'c Bd Van hoa, ' h i thao vd Du Ijch giao nhi^m vu nghien cdu iham phdn bidt gida tfn ngipdng va md tin dj ioan. Song, ddy la nhdng van de phdc tgp, ihgy cam vd ranh gidi gida tin ngiedng vd me in lgi mong manh. 0 ddy, xin mao mupi lam ldn ddi dilu v l van hod tdm linh vd tin tgu-dng thd cdng to tidn cua ngu'di Vi§t nhan ihijng ngdy diu xuan nam mdi.
Xet a goc dp lich sd, xa hpi cua mdt quoc
|ia, ddi song van hod tinh than cua nhan dan a that phong phu, 6$c sac, da dang va van iang ngdy cdng phdt trien. Cl dau vd bao gid, dn hda cung Id dpng lyc cua sy phdt triln xa i$i; van hda cdn. Id xa hpi ay cdn vd phat riln. Ndi cdch khde, vdn hda Id ca sd cua Trudng Trung hgc casd Phu Ldc, Krdng Nang
nilm tin con ngud'l, Id tiln de cua y chf, tinh thdn viryt len gian khd trong cupc song cua con ngifdi vdi mdt sdc song manh lidt. Trong ddng chdy cda van hda tinh thin lai cd van hda tdm linh vdn tin tai nhu* mdt nga re cCia ddng sdng cupc ddi. Vd, dieu muon ndi, "nga rd ddng sdng" l y han khdng di vdo ngo cyt md cd le cung chang ra vdi dai du'ong. Nd cdn du'pc vf nhu' mpt thieu nd hay ddng hon Id mpt ndng cdng chua thdm tram, gan ma xa, bf hilm, kidu sa...
Con ngu'di v6n cd tam hdn, ty tu'dng vd tam linh cung ton tai nhu' anh em ruOt thjt hp hang ma cd khi lai khdng gan nhau, cdn xung khde nhau. Dda con tdm linh ay la "thl" ndo vdy? Tdm linh tn/dc het la niem tin linh thidng ciia con ngu'di vao thl gidi, vu tru dly bi an vd ddi song xa hpi do den, vdi nhdng ydc vpng cao xa. Chdng nao con ngu'di cdn khdt vpng mpt cuOc s6ng hodn my vd cdn nilm tin vdo t h l gidi than tinh bdi sdc mgnh sidu nhidn de cd the hda giai du'pc khat vpng niem fin thi chdng ay cdn ddi song tam linh va ca nhdng tfn ngwdng dan gian tmyln thong. Ma, cdn ddi song tdm linh cua con ngudi, trong do van hda tdm linh v6n Id mdt ylu to tich cyc, mpt ndt vdn hda dgc sac cd -y nghTa nhan van thi qua van cdn nhilu dilu dang k l , dang ndi. Bdi le day khdng phai la van de mdi md la mpt pham tru "dOng", khi moi ngay Igi nhy du'p'c
- ) f * t ^ - > ^ ° ' "^^"9 "9°^' ^'^" ^""9 nhdng ndi hdm mdi.
i ^SL ^ ° ' ' ^^^^ ^^" ^ ° ^ ^^"^ '''^'^ ^^^ ngu'di Vidt that phong phu va sinh d$ng. Cd t h l ndi, moi mdt vung miln, mdi ddn t$c, thgm chi mil ddng hp Igi cd nhdng phong ti^c tgp qudn, l l hdi, nhdng quan niem khde nhau ve t h l gidi tdm linh. Va, moi quan nipm, y nidm tam linh l y lai thu'dng xudt phdt td t h l gidi than linh ma hp ngu'dng vong. Dilm qua nhdng ndt khai qudt v l ddi sdng van hda tam linh cua mpt vdi t$c ngirdi, vung miln cd thl cho ta cdi nhin todn cue v l mpt nin van hda dac sac, gidu sdc sing cua mpt ddn t$c vdl hdng ngan nam Ijch sd, ddu bao sdng gid, chdng gai, kd thCt ludn tim cdch ding hda ma vin khdng lung lay khult phuc... Vdl ddn tpc Kinh d hlu hit cdc vdng miln trong ni/dc, mpt trong tin ngu'dng ddn gian truyin thong Id phong tgc
"thd cung to tidn". Tin ngu'dng thd cung t l tidn da cd td xa xua trong Ijch sd, gdn vdi truyin thuylt "Bdnh chu>ng, bdnh dly" td thdi dgi Hung Virang. Vdi ngudi Kinh (ngirdi Vipt chilm dgi da sl), ban thd gia tien la noi trang trpng nhit, thieng lieng nhat trong mil gia dinh, ddng hp; ttiudng cd ehdn dung dnh dng ba, ngudi thdn rupt ttijt, cdng nhieu binh hoa, bat nhang, cau doi,... Rll cd ngdy le tet truyin thong, ngdy rdm, mong m$t hay Id ngdy huy ky, g i l chap, ngudi ta thudng cd hoa, qud, mdm ccm cung huo-ng khdi thdp Idn nghi ngdt nhd thuang.
Trong khi dd, d cac t$c thieu so d miln ndi phfa Bac hay miln Tnjng cung cd tin ngudng thd cdng t l tidn, vdi nhung phong, tgc tgp qudn, l l hOi mang dam mdu sdc truyen thing ridng. Nhin chung, moi mdt t$c thilu so lgi cd nghi Id vd cdch thuc, quan ni^m khae nhau trong ddi song tam linh. Ngudi H'Mdng d Suoi Gidng {huygn Vdn Chin, Ydn Bdi) Id m^t trudng hpp khd tidu bilu, mdt vf du cy t h l : vdi ngudi H'Mdng d Suli Gidng thi "khdi nidm v l t l tidn vd thd cOng t l tien khdng rd ndt, ngudi H'Mdng khdng ldm bdn thd to tidn ridng bidt va thd cung hlng ngdy nhu ngudi Kinh..." {theo T^p chf Vin hoa cic dan t0c, s l 12-2011). Song, cung nhu nhieu t$c thilu
Trpfw Nguyfti: N^^ ""^^ t ' ' ^ " ? ^^" ^ '^" ^°^ ^ ' " ' ' " ' '
sd khae, cd le trong tdm thuc cua ngudi H'Mdng vin ludn cd y nipm v l t h l gidi t l tidn, dng bd nhu mdt dilm tya tinh than cho con chau vd hp ed bin phan thd cilng d l t h l hi^n long hilu thdo. Phai chang, vi t h l md hp c6 nhung quy udc nhit djnh, chang han, ridng vdi "hp Thdo thd ngudi than tdi ddi thd 5".
Nhu v^y, tin ngudng thd ciing to tidn cua ngudi Vi^t cung nhu cdc tOc thilu s l khde \i mdt ylu t l tdm linh thuin khilt, mpt bilu hi$n sinh ddng eua ddi song van hoa tam linh. VS, trong tdm thdc cua ngudi Vipt da thdnh nep nghT, nip sing, nip sinh hogt khd dgc sic c6 tinh nhdn van trong ddi song tinh thin cua ddn tOc, gdp phan lam ndn bdn sac, dien mgo van hda cua dan tpc Vi§t Nam suit hdng ngan nam vdn hlln.
Ben cgnh tin ngudng thd cung to tien cda ngudi Kinh vd mdt s l tpc thilu s l khde d mien nut phia Bde hay miln Trung, thi thl gidi tdm linh trong y niem cua cac tpc thilu so d Tdy Nguydn Id Giang (trdi) cung cac vj than Mgt trdi, thin Sdng, thin NOI... (Giang trong y nidm, quan ni$m cua ding bao Tay Nguydn han khde vdi Chda Trdi theo nilm tin con chien cua dgo Thidn chua). Tu y nipm thin linh l y md trong ddi song ddn gian ludn gin lien vdi nhung sinh hogt van hda le hpi dgm chat tdm linh, giau lien tudng ma chit phdc, mdc mge {le Bd ma. le Dam trau, id hOi Cong ehieng...). Nlu Id Cung giang. Id Clu mua, Cung com mdi,... dgm chit ddn gian cung diu I n nilm tin va udc vpng ve mpt cupc sing binh yen, sde khde, ngd iua day nuang thi ll hdi Cong ehidng hay nhung ddm k l Khan (Si>
thi) Igi gidu ehit suy tudng, chat nhge, chit thff cua mOt vung van hda Su thi song dpng, hdn Id cd mpt khdng hai trong ddi sing van hda dan gian eua cdc tdc ngudi Tdy Nguydn.
Tit ca da tgo ndn mot khdng gian van hda - \l hpi dac sac, mdt dien mao ddi sing tinh thin tre trung vd gidu sdc s6ng, sue lan tda, gdp phin Idm ndn nhung ndt dgc sac cda nin v3n hda ddn tOe trong qud trinh Ijeh su cOng nhi;
hpi nh|p ngay nay.
Ndi den ddi song van hda tdm linh khdng
5rf1 {42) - 2013 - Di ein vSn Ma phi w^ thi
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Tung bi>n^ ngilyxu^n - Anh: Bill Quan^ Thanh
thl khdng ndi din ddi sing vdn hda tam linh cOa ngu ddn cdc tinh duydn hdi. Vdi dgc dilm dja ly cda mit quic gia cd bd biln dai han 3.000m, Igi cd nhilu cdng Idn, cang nudc sdu- nai trung chuyin, ra, vdo cOa nhilu tau thuang mai nudc ngodi cOng nhu nin kinh te biln dang ngdy edng dupe chu trpng phat triln, ngy ddn nudc ta ndi chung va d cac tfnh Nam Trung Bp ndi rieng vin cd ddi sing tdm linh vdi nhung l l h$i dgc sac, sinh ddng. Cupc song cCia hp ludn gin liln vdi biln cd, vdi nhung vui, buin tu nhi>ng chuyen ra khai.
Biln ca cho hp nhilu ea tdm, ca sy giau cd md cung lly di nhilu thd, k l ed tinh mgng con ngudi. Trudc biln cd vd tan, con ngudi qua la bit lyc vd nhd nhoi. Nhyng chua bao gid hit nilm tin vd udc vpngi Dilu ay dupc the hign qua nhdng l l hOi dac sac cua ngy dan miln biln. Dd chfnh Id tin ngudng thd cd Voi/cd Ong vd l l hpi Clu ngu. Nhu vdi Khanh Hda la mpt trong nhung dja phuang tidu bilu vdi Id hpi Clu ngu cung tin ngudng thd ca Voi/ca Cng. Trong tdm thdc eua ngu ddn vgn chai.
Idng biln van xem ca 6ng Id linh vdt thieng, phu trp cho hp trong ddi sdng hang ngay nhat Id khi biln ddng thuyin chim. Day la linh v|t cd dgc dilm "... dau trdn, nai tran cd Id phun nudc ra, sic den tran lang, khdng cd vay dudi cd hai chTa nhu dudi tdm, cd tinh td thien, hay giai cdu cho ngudi khi qua biln mic can..." (theo ThS. Nguydn Duy Trudng, Tap chi Cong tic ton giao, so 6, 6 - 2011).
Trong thyc te, ca 6ng tdng giai cdu cho bilt bao ngudi gap nan khi di biln, cho hp ca hpi thoat khdi ludi hai td than trong gang tie.
Chfnh vi thl, cdng tin vao sy phu trp' eua ca Ong, ngu dan lgi cang to chde vide thd cung trang trpng, thdnh kfnh. Cd le, le hpi Cau ngu- nghdnh Ong da cd td xa xua trong ljch su khi gdn lidn vdi nghl khai thac, ddnh bat hai san cua ngu ddn nudc ta. Trong cudc sdng lao ddng, sinh hoat cua minh, hp coi ca Ong nhu mdt vj thin dp mgng, mdt cho dya tinh thin quy gia. Va, ngudi ta da lap lang d l thd eung, gpi la lang Ong. Dugc bilt, hien d Khdnh Hda cd khoang 50 lang Ong dpc theo cac huypn,
Trpng Nguygn: NgdyxuSn thoang l^dn vSvSnhda tim linh
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V thj ven biln, nhir Van Ninh, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh,.., Co the noi, ie hpi Cau ngi/ - nghenh Ong ia mOt trong nhipng ie h6i dac sac nhat cua ngiF dan van chai, idng bien nifffc ta, vCra minh chiJng cho doi song van hoa tinh than sinh dpng, giau sijc s6ng, vira thl hien u'pc vpng to icm cua nhan dan trong dd'i song iao dpng va mu'u sinh day bat trac ciJa minh. Va, diy chi ia mpt vai sinh hoat mang yeu to van hoa tam iinh cua mpt sp dan tpc, vijng mien trong ca ntf6c.
Ben canh tinh ticti CLFC, tiiuan phcng cua ddi song van hoa tam iinh cua ngu'oi Viet, da c6 nhOng bilu hign tieu circ, thdi qud trai voi quan diem, diffrng ioi xay dM'ng mpt nen van hda Vi$t Nam "...tien tien, d|m da ban sac dan tOc" (theo tinh thin Nghj quylt Trung u'ong 5, Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Ddng i<h6a Vill).
Cd thl ndi, mat trdi cGa kinh t l thi tru'd'ng Id nguySn nhan cua nhOng d l vo, mat mat, thilu tinh thi&n..., chfnh dieu l y id mam mong cua nhOng ngd- vyc, thilu niem tin vao thyc tgi CU0C sing, dpn dydng cho mdt so ngydi tim din the gidi do hay t h l gidi tam linh vdi nilm tin mo h i ve dang sISu nhan, nhd do mdi cd thl hda gidi nhyng khd khan, bat trac hoac cd khi iai id nhyng ydc vpng xa vdl, khdng xult phdt td nhu clu ddi song thyc md xuat phdt ty idng tham, sy ghen ghet vo ill cua con ngydi. Bilu ay cung cit nghTa phan ndo. Id vi sao ngdy cdng cd nhilu ngydi di i l chua.
Cling vdi; rii cdn di xem bdi, xem s l , tham chi cdn tin vdo nhyng dieu nham nhi ma ke xau da biet ip'i dgng sy ca tin cda mpt so ngydi d l tn,ic ipi, nhy chya bdnh khdng can dung thulc md chi can an nhe vao ngydi hay chi uong nydc roi dpc cdu thin chu... Mpt trong nhCrng bilu hipn liiu cyc, thdi qua ddng k l trong ddi sing tam iinh nhyng nam gan day ia ngydi ta dot nhilu do vang ma tai cdc den, chua, milu map cd dgt am thd hodc trong nhilu gia dinh ddng hp, nhat la vdo nhijng dip ie tit, gio chgp, di chua diu ndm mdi. Cd ie trong y ni$m, tdm thilc cOa nhifng ngydi di le chiia.
Cling vdi Id cdng dot nhilu d l vang ma thi mdi cd nhieu lpc, cdng nhilu cdi hen may.. Dilu
mudn ndi, ngydi ta chi bilt clu mpng cho rieng minh md qudn di cdi Ipi chung hay 1^
nhirng tac d|ng xlu tdl cpng ding (mit an ninh trat tip, o nhiem mdi trydng, syc khie con ngydi,...). "Dot vdng ma Id trdi vdi Idl Ph^t day*', bdi le, cung theo tdc gid bdi bdo tren: "nhu'ng ngydi sip dung d l ma khdng ty hdi: Tren thl gidi co 195 quoc gia, nhyng bao nhieu quoc gia cd tap tuc diing d l ma? Chi Id con so tinh dim tren dau ngdn tay, trong d6 chu ylu Id cac quoc gia chju dnh hydng cOa vdn hda Trung Quic. Cdn nhilu quoc gia khSc trdn t h l gidi khdng cd tip tyc dot ciing d l ma, vdy Chang 18 ngydi thdn cCia hp sau khi chit khdng cd dilu kien sinh hogt d col dm hay sao? Khong cd co sd, bang chdng ndo cho biet ngydi qud c l cd t h l sd dung nhiing Jo ma cung te da bj dot chdy thdnh tro bgl hojc da bi hogi myc khi chdn theo ngydi chet"^.
Nhy v|y, ddi song van hda tdm linh cila ngydi Vl$t, ben cgnh nhijng bilu hl^n tleu cyc, thdi qud it nhieu da dnh hydng din flftl sing cpng ding thl, nhin chung Id Idnh manh, tich cyc vdi nhO'ng my tgo, thuin phong th|t ddng tran trpng. Chlnh nhOng my tgc, thuSn phong l y Id can cit ciia ddi song tinh thin, \t bilu hipn cua nep sing van hda, ciia SLPC sing dan tdc trong tien trinh ljch sip vdi nhSng ydc vpng, nilm tin vdo t h l gldl tdm linh vira gan gui ma cOng th^t xa vdl. MOt miia xudn mdi Igi v l , mua ciia le hpl, ciia nhO'ng sinh hoat tam linh song dOng. M|t ddi sing van hod tdm linh dep de ludn la thdng di$p muln girl tdi moi mpt mda xudn sang. Vd, nhi0m v\) ciia chiing ta, trydc hit Id cua co quan chi>c ndng la can Idm gi d l hgn chl nhOng mgttl6u cyc trong ddi sing tdm linh. Deng thdi phdt huy hon nOa nhyng dnh hydng tich cyc tir nhyng my tgc, thuin phcng de gdp phin xdy dyng mpt ddi sing vdn hda Idnh mgnh, gidu J nghla nhdn van vd ddm dd ban sic dan tOc./.
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Chil Ihlrh:
1,2- Minh Hgnh Oirc, BAo Gide ngf, s6 660, ngdy 22/9/2012.