NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
NGHIEN Cl/U, THIET KE vA CHE TAO MAY EP THANG TOM PHUC Vy XUAT KHAU
Dang Thi^n Ngdn', Huynh Chi H f ' Trudng D?i hpc SU pham Ky thuit Tp. Hd Chi Minh
'TrUdng Cao ding Cdng ngh? Thu DUc
TOM TAT
Viit Nam Id mgt trong so 10 nUdc xudt khdu hdng ddu thi gidi vecdc mat hdng thuy hdi sdn, troi do xudt khau tdm chiem tdi 38% [1]. Trong ddi sdn phdm tdm xudt khdu, sdn phdm tdm bd datt, loin vd ep thdng (tdm Nobashi) Id mdt trong cdc sdn phdm tdm che bien chiim ti trgng ldn trongcik nhdtiti^
chi bien tdm xudt khdu. Hiin tqi, cdng doqn ndn thdng tdm vdn cdn dtXdc thtic hiin mot cdeh thi c%
chu yeu dtXa vdo stxkhio leo ciia con ngiidi nin ndng sudt khdng cao. Bdi bdo trinh bdy qud trinh n^
cdu, thiet kevd chi tqo mdy ip thdng tdm nhdm gidm sit nguy hiem khi thao tdc bdng tay cita cdt^tw cdt thiin ndng sudt che bien vd tqg rq sdn phdm tdm co gid tri cao phtic vti xudt khdu.
Keywords: tdm, tdm Nobashi, thiet bi ndn thdng, thiet bi cat, tdm ip thdng ABSTRACT
Vietnam is one often leading seafood exporting countries in the world, in which shrimp expot products accounted for 38% [1]. In the structure of Vietnam shrimp exports, the headless, peeldm straightened shrimp (Nobashi Shrimp) accounts for a large proportion. However, the stage ofstrai^tte^
shrimp hqs conventionqlly done by hand in the most of seafood processing manufqcturers. Theprodu^
and quality of products therefore is offen low and depends greatly on individual's skill This paper presemi design and manufacture of a shrimp straightening device to reduce the labor costs qs well as to imp"
productivity qnd quality of shrimp products for consumption and exporting purposes.
Keywords: shrimp, Nobashi shrimp, straightening equipment, cutting equipment, strai^tm shrimp
TAP CHi CO KHi VlfiT NAM • Sd 6 (Thing 6 nam 2012)
NGHIEN COU - TRAO D 6 |
l.GIOITHIfiUTdm Nobashi li mdt trong cac sin pham tdm ch^bien chiem ti trong ldn trong cac nhi miy ch^ bien tdm xuat khau. Diy li loai tdm dUpc che bien theo qui cich cUa khich hang Nhit tU sin pham tdm PTO (Peeled Tail-On Shrimp - tdm Idt vd, bd diu, chUa dudi) dUcJc keo din vi ep thing vdi mdt sfi yeu cau nhat dinh [2] (hinh 1),
*<
Hinh 1: Tdm PTO va Tdm Nobashi
2. NGUYEN Lf HOAT D O N G CUA MAY £ P THANG TOM
Cat vd ep (nan) thang tdm trong thUc te thudng dflpc thflc hien bang tay vdi cae bflde sau [3]:
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Tdm PTO sau khi dflpc che bien thudng bi eong thdnh hinh cung do hinh dang tU nhien vd phan ca dudi bung tdm eo lai nen viec keo dan vd 2p thing de che bien thdnh Tdm Nobashi thudng dupc thUe hien theo qui trinh [3]:
Tom - • Cat bung — Ep — Ngam PTO ~ torn ~ thang ~ dung dich
Hinh 2: Qui trinh che bien Tom Nobashi Hien tai, d cac nhd may che bien tdm xuat diau, cdng doan ep (nan) thang tdm van cdn dUpc JiUc hien mdt edch thu cdng, chu yeu dUa vdo sU
<heo leo cua con ngUdi (tay nghe edng nhdn) nen ldng suat khdng cao.
Bai bao trinh bdy qud trinh nghien cflu, hiet ke vd che tao may ep thang tdm nham giam
;U nguy hiem khi thao tdc bang tay ciia edng nhdn, :ai thien nang suat eh^ bi& va cho phep tU ddng lod khdu ehe bien Tdm Nobashi. Nguyen lieu yeu :au la tdm su dat yeu eau ve xuat khau khoang 35- [0 con/kg, chi^u ddi tU 180-200 mm dd qua che )i^n PTO. Mdy se tien hanh cat bung vd ep (nan) hang tdm thdng qua sU cap lieu tfl edng nhdn vdi ong thdi gian cat vd ep thang khodng 2,5 gidy/con
Cam vd lat tdm ngfla bung l^n tren.
Cat ngang hay cat x^o len bung tdm 4-5 v^t (chi^u sdu eat khoang 2-3 mm) (hinh 3a).
Xep tdm da cdt byng vdo khudn (up bung tdm xudng dfldi, lUng hfldng len tren).
Dung dung cu (thfldc thang) ep nhe thing len tdm (hinh 3b).
> > r
a) C^t bung toni
bJ Ep thdng torn Hinh 3: Che bien Tom Nobashi Thdi gian can thi^t de cat bung mpt eon tdm ddi vdi cdng nhdn ed tay nghe mdt khodng 6 giay vd phdi ddi mat vdi nguy hiem Id cat vao tay khi khdng tap trung hoac mdi met va nang sudt khdng cao. De khac phuc mdi nguy hi^'m tiem an vd ndng eao nang suat eat, tren thi trUdng gan ddy ed thdng tin ve mdy cat Tdm Nobashi [41 cho phep cat bung tdm nhanh hon va an toan hon (hinh 4).'^
TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM Sd 6 (Thang 6 nam 2012)
NGHIEN cflu - TRAO DOi
dZL
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1. Ranh dat tdm, 2. Can dap, 3 Cdc lUdi cat Hinh 4: Miy cdi byng t6m
Trfldc tien cdng nhdn dat tdm vdo ranh (1), an nhe vd gifl ch^t tdm. Sau dd dung chdn dap can dap (3) de ddng mach kich ho^t dpng co mang dao hoat dpng lam quay cdc dao de cat bung tdm. Khi thdi dap edn dap, dpng co ngUng ho^t ddng va cum dao thdi cat. Moi lan boat dpng cat dflpc 1 con tdm.
Tren eo sd qui trinh eh^ bien Tdm Nobashi [3], may cat Tdm Nobashi [4], may lot vd tdm [5], ehung tdi de xuat nguyen ly thiet ke va eh^ tao mdy nhu hinh 5 [61.
chuydn dpng d^n vung cap li?u vd ngUdi cong nhdn se cho tdm vdo ranh khudn. Co cau kep-ep ldm (5) dupc ddn hUdng bdng dfldng ray (6) vi khi d^n ranh ddn hudng cua cO eau cam (4) se di vdo phdn cam cd dd ndng cam thap tdc d^ng l^n h$ thdng ddn bdy cfla cO cau k?p-ep tdm thiJc hi^n vi^c k?p-^p tdm vd chinh dinh lai vf tri con torn trong ranh khudn. Khi cO cdp kep-ep t6m (5) di ehuydn d^n vj trf epm dao cdt (3) thi torn se dupc cdt 4 v^t dudi bung vdi chiiu sdu 2-3mmva mdi vit each nhau 8-10mm. Sau khi qua ck,co edu k?p-6p tdm (5) di vdo phdn cam cd dp nJiig cam cao hon di thUc hi^n vi^c ep (ndn) thing tdm. Khi di qua cO cdu cam (4) thi he thdi^din bay eua co cdu k?p-6p tdm thdi bi tdc ddng se tha tdm roi xudng khay ehfla tdm (7). May cd tWbo tri nhilu cO cdu k?p-ep tdm (5) de tdng nang sual cdt vd ^p thing tdm.
3. CAC T H A N H P H A N C H t N H CUA MAY£P THANG T O M
May ep thing tdm dupc thiet k l g o m o bd phdn cau thdnh nhfl: co cau kep-ep tdm, cum dudng ray dan hUdng, ca cau cam, cum dao caT Bai bdo ndy chi gidi thieu cdc bp phdn chinh fl mdy.
Khi van hdnh, bp truyen xieh (1) (dflpc
ddng CO truyen ddng) se ldm quay cac dia xich ket 3.1. C o cau k^p-ep torn ndi vdi xich tai (2) lam xieh tai (2) chuyen ddng
trdn. Co cau k?p-ep tdm cd nhiem vu giil tdm,
dieu chinh vi tri tdm trong ranh khudn, kep gifl tdm khi cdt vd k?p-ep t h i n g tdm sau cat (hinh6).
1. Bp truyen xich 4. Co cau cam 2. Xich tdi 5. Co cau kep-ep torn 3. Cum dao cdt 6. Cum dfldng ray Hinh 5: Nguyen Iy thiet ki mdy cat va ep thing tdm [6]
Xich tdi (2) mang co cau kep-ep tdm (5)
1. Khe bd torn 4. Ld xo keo 2. Banh xe ch^y tren dUOng ray 5. Ddn bay 3. Banh xe lan 6. Nap khudn ep
Hinh 6: Co cau kep torn [6]
TAP CHf C O KHf VIET NAM • Sd 6 (Thang 6 nam 2012)
NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DpI
Khi chUa di den co cau cam banh xe cam
^3) ehfla bi tac ddng bdi cam nen Id xo (4) se keo phan ben trai cua ddn bay (5) xudng ldm md nap ihudn ep (6) vd ngUdi cdng nhdn se de ddng cho tdm vdo ranh khudn (1). Cum kep-ep tdm chay tren dUdng ray nhd cde con Ian (2) d i n eO eau cam vk bdnh xe ldn (3) di vdo rdnh cam dan hUdng day phdn ben trdi cua ddn bay (5) len ldm ddng nap khudn ep (6) kep-ep tdm trong khudn.
Khi di vdo phdn cam cd dp ndng cam eao hon, thdng qua tUOng tac bdnh xe (3) - ddn bay (5) tang them dp lUc len nap khudn (6) de thUc hien viec ep (nan) thing tdm.
3.2. Cum dudng ray
Cum dudng ray dUpe minh hoa d hinh 7 cd nhiem vu dan hUdng eo cau kep-ep tdm.
doan: doan (2) cd dd ndng cam thdp d^ thflc hiin nhiem vu kep, doan (3) cd dp ndng cam cao hon cd nhiem vu k?p vd Ip (nan) thing tdm. Chiiu dai cua doan (2) dflpc tinh todn phd hpp vdi van tdc chuyen ddng cfla cum kep-lp tdm vd hogit ddng cfla cum dao cdt sao cho du thdi gian de tiln hanh cdt bung tdm. Chieu ddi cua doan (3) dflpc tinh toan phy thudc vdo loai tdm che bien de cd du thdi gian ep (ndn) thing tdm. Trong thUc te che tao, ca cau cam dupc che tao s i n thdnh nhilu loai tuong flng vdi cdc kich cd tdm khdc nhau vd dflpc thdo/lap thay t h i de ddng.
^ 1. Dudng ray 4. Dia xich truyen , 2. DTa cang xich dpng
3. Xich tai 5. Dia xich tai Hinh 7: Cum dfldng ray [6]
Cum dudng ray gdm 2 dUdng ray (1) cd ihilm vu dan hUdng cum kep-ep tdm di chuyen ] ren dd nhd lUc keo eua 2 xieh tai (3) thdng qua ic keo cua 2 dia xich tai (5) nhdn chuyen ddng uay tfl bd truyen xich (4).
.3. Co cau cam
t" Co edu cam cd n h i l m vu t^o ra lUe kep
^ a lUc ep (nan) thang tdm cho eo cau kep-ep tdm
^linh 8). Co cau cam cd d^ng ranh t h i n g gdm 2
1. Cum kep-ep tom, 2. Doan cam ihap, 3. Doan cam cao Hinh 8; Co cau cam [6]
3.4. Cum dao cat
Ciun dao eat gdm 4 lUdi eat (3) dUpc bd tri each nhau tU 8 - 10mm lap trln true dao (2) d l cat 4 vet ngang tren bung tdm sdu tfl 2-3mm (hinh 9).
Gifla 2 dao dUpc lap cdc bac Idt cd chieu ddi tfl 8 - 10mm tuong Ung vdi khoang cdeh cdc vit cat trln tdm. Cdc bac Idt ndy thay the de ddng eho phep linh hoat dilu chinh khoang cdeh gifla ede vet cat.
Dao dupe c h l tao bang vdt lieu inox 304 nham dam bao an todn vl sinh thUc pham. Dpng co truyin ddng ed sd vdng quay 1000 vdng/phut.
' '
" = ^ . . . 3
1. Ddng CO, 2.TrLicdao, 3.Cac ludi cit Hinh 9: Ojm dao cat [6]
TAP CHl C O KHI' VlfiT NAM *l* Sfi 6 (Thing 6 nam 2012)
NGHIEN CIJfU-TRAOOOl
Thilt k l mdy hodn chinh vdi day du cdc bd ph^n dupc trinh bdy d hinh 10.
Hinh 10: Ihict kc lioiiii chinh miy Ip thing t6m [61
4. KET L U A N
Bdi bdo gidi thilu vile thiet ke va che tao may ep thing tdm. May da dUpc che tao thfl nghiem dat ket qua nhU yeu cau tU thUc te. Mdy cd t h i dflpc flng dung trong thUc t l sdn xuat nham tang ndng sudt va dam bdo an todn eho ngUdi lao ddng, tiet kiem dUpc chi phi sdn xuat.
Ket edu mdy don gidn khdng qua phflc tap, ndng suat cao, gia thanh re.
May dd dupe e h i tao thfl nghidm vd dUa vdo hoat ddng (hinh 11). Qua thdi gian hoat dpng thfl nghiem cho thay mdy can dflpc hoan thien them cac phan tinh todn vd thiet ke sau;
- Tinh todn lflc ep can thiet va thfl nghiem trong thUc te flng vdi cdc kich ed tdm khdc nhau de cd ca sd che tao eO cau cam (doan cam cao) phu hpp.
Hinh 11 May ep (ndn) thing torn (chl tgo thfl nghidm)
- Nghiin cflu cdi tiln ket cdu khudn theo hudng modul de de dang thay the khi chl bi& cat sdn pham Tdm Nobashi vdi yeu cdu khac nhau.*
NgUdi phan biln: TS. Le Chi CUOng
Tdi lilu tham khao:
[1]. EU FP7 Funded Project No. 222889 (2009-2013), Phat tnen bin vflng chuoi gia tri ngdnh hai^ torn fl Viet Nam, SEAT, 2012
12]. Cdng ty CP Thuy sdn Minh Hdi, Cdc loai torn CIK bien. Sea Minh Hai, 2008
[3]. Cdng ty CP Thu^ San Minh Phu, Bdn caobsebi Cdng ty CP Thuy San Minh Phii, 2007 [4]. Nguyin Quoc HUOng, May edt Tdm Nobi#i Thanhkhietseafood, 2012
[5]. Jonsson, Shrimp peeling Systems - For faster,bet- ter, cheaper shrimp processing, Jonsson 2011 [61. Huynh Chi Hy, Ddng Ihien Ngdn (HD), Nghitu cflu, thilt k l va chl t^o thilt b; clt vd Ip thing tto phuc vy xuat khau, Ludn van Tot nghidp, Trflcli^f?' hpc Sfl phgm Ky thu^t Tp. Hd Chi Minh, 2012.
TAP CHf CO KHl VIET NAM • Sd 6 (Thang 6 ndm 2012)