KHOA HOC-CONG N G H E
86 3/2017
Oe xuat mpt so bien phap han che
tang chi phi xay dung cac dtr an giao thong dLfong bp tai cac tlnh dong bang song CCru Long
• TS. T R A N Q U A N G P H O - Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thdng van tdi TP. Hd Chi Minh
TOM T A T : Bai bao trinh bay ket q u i nghien CLRJ xac djnh cac yeu td I n h hudng den vigc tSng chi phi trong giai doan xay dyng va de xuat bign phap han che vigc tang chi phi tgi cac dy an giao thdng dudng bd sd dyng von ngan sach p h i n cap cho c i c huygn tgi khu vyc dong b^ng sdng Cdu Long (DBSCL).
Til/ KHOA: Chi phi xay dung, giao thong dong bing sdng Cdu Long,
ABSTRACT: This paper presents results of research determining the factors affecting the cost increasing in the construction stage and proposed measures to limit the cost increasing in the traffic project using the budget allocated for the districts in the Mekong Delta.
KEYWORDS: Constnjction costs, traffic project in Mekong delta
p h i n tfch so sinh, tham khao chuygn gia.
Quy trinh nghien ciifu bao gdm d c budc sau:
I.OATVANOi
Thdi gian qua, ed k h i nhilu d y an x i y dting giao thdng dydng bd bj tang chi phi l i m vugt tdng mUc dau tu (TMDT). D i l u nay d i I n h hudng d i n kd hoach p h i n bd ngudn vdn cho eac edng trinh, g i y ra chgm tre t i l n do thi edng do p h l i thuc hign d c thu tye dieu chlnh vdn, l i m I n h hudng d i n hieu qua d i u t u cdng trinh e l ve kinh t l - x l hot v i ky thuat. Viec xae djnh duge eic yeu td I n h hudng d i n vigc t i n g chi phi x i y dung ed the giup cho chu d i u tu, n h i t h i u , don vj t u v i n v i eie co quan q u i n ly lidn quan d i n cdng trinh cd t h l d i m b i o ehi phf eho d y i n trong k l hogch d y t r i i , d i m bao mang lai hidu q u i d i u tu.
Bii b i o trinh b i y k i t q u i nghidn cUu n h i m n h i n dgng v l p h i n tieh d c y l u td I n h hudng d i n vide t i n g chi phi x i y dung ciing nhu de x u i t mdt sd bign p h i p hgn chd vigc t i n g chi phf x i y dyng cie d y i n giao thdng dudng bd (dy I n nhdm C) sU dung vdn n g i n sich p h i n e l p cho d c huydn tai khu vyc DBSCL.
2. PHU'ONG P H A P V A Q U Y T R I N H N G H | £ N CCTU Phuong p h i p nghiin cUu: Khio sit thu thap sd lieu,
Hinh 2.1: Quy tiinh nghiin cdu
3. N H A N D A N G VA P H A N TfCH CAC Y £ U Td Van de vugt chi phi x i y dung t h l hien d g i l trj q u y l t t o i n x i y l i p cao han so vdi d y t o l n ehi phi xay dyng d l duyet luc ban dau. Vide dieu tra x i e dinh mUe tang chf phi x i y dung dugc thye hidn vdi 22 cdng trinh tai 5 tlnh thude khu vye DBSCL trong thdi gian tU n i m 2011 d i n n i m 2015 dya t r i n sd lieu tUhd s a d y t o i n t h i l t k l dugc phd duydt, hd so quydt t o l n v l b i o e l o k i l m t o l n . Cy t h l , tinh Tien Giang cd 4 cdng trinh thudc 2 huydn Tan Phudc va Gd Cdng Ddng; ttnh Long An cd 4 cdng trinh thudc 4 huydn Can Giudc, DUc Hue, Bdn LUc vlTP. Tin An;
tinh Ben Tre cd 2 cdng trinh thude huyen Binh Dai; tinh Vinh Long k h i o s i t 7 edng trinh thudc cie huyen Vung Liem, Binh Tin, Tam Binh, iVlingThft viTR Wnh Long;TP.
Can Tho cd 5 cdng trinh thudc cAc huyen Phong D i l n v i VTnh Thgnh. Sd ligu t h l hien tai Bdng 3.1.
Bing 3.1. Mgt si cdng trinh giao ttiang bi ting chi phi xay dung tai cic tlnh OBSCL
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- Bfi sung 8 congDBOa {Mfu chinh tuyfn do vudng mit bing khong giil tda duoc Do dia phuang ycj thfm mdt sfi vi tri s^I id khfing cfi trong thift kf ban diu.
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Tong hop eic nguyen n h i n g i y p h i t sinh t i n g cht phi xay dung qua khio sit 22 du an vuot chi phi nhu da ngu trgn, ta thay ed 6 nguygn n h i n chO y l u sau:
- Do gidi phdng mdt bdng (GPMB) khd khdn: Khong chi rilng 6 cac tinh OBSCL ma d i y I I kho k h i n chung cCia eie cong trinh xiy dung trong c l nudc. Vigc GPMB khd khan i n h hLfdng rat nhieu d i n t i l n dp thi cong va lim p h i t sinh ehi phf thi cong. Xuat p h i t tir vigc d i n bu, hd tro v i t i i dinh cu khdng thda dang cho ngucii d i n , viec t h i l u quan tam van ddng, tuygn truyen cua chfnh quyen dja phUOng dan den khdng it e6ng trinh p h l i tam ngimg thi cong chd mat b i n g . Tien dp kgo d l i l i m cho cic gdi t h i u de bj I n h hudng bdi phat stnh do trupt g i i , i^m phat, l i m p h i vci k l hoach ciJa d u an. Odi v6i e6ng trinh ed nhieu goi t h i u , vigc cham tien do d g d i t h i u n i y cdn l i m i n h hudng d i y chuyin cho eac gdi thau tiep theo cham t r i l n khai ngn phat sinh chi phi. Ngoat ra, viec GPMB khd khan edn I n h hudng den vigc phai d i l u chlnh t h i l t k l d i n den tang ehi phi so vdt du t o l n ban dau nhu vigc dieu chlnh tim tuyen do nhilu ho d i n khong chju di ddi (thudng gap ddi vdi cic d u an giao thong ndng thdn do CO c h l Nha nude dau tU cdng trinh, ngudi d i n t u d i ddi).
- Do yiu cdu Idm them cua chu ddu tu, cua dja phuang: Nguygn n h i n ed t h l I I do d giai doan f l p d u i n hole b i o c i o KT-KT chtj d i u tu, don vj t u van va chinh quyin dja phUong (don vj q u i n ly, sCf diing) chua nhan t h i y cic ygu elu dd ngn chUa dUa v i o t h i l t kg, trong q u i trinh thuc hten chu dau t u xet thay viee l i m thgm ngoii t h i l t ke CO t i e dpng tich cue, n i n g cao hieu q u i eiJa d u i n ngn ygu elu n h i t h i u l i m thgm d i n den t i n g chi phi
xay dung cho cdng trinh. Mdt nguygn nhan khac I I do cdng t i c phdi hpp khdng tdt giCfa chij dau t u v i chinh quyen dja phuong trong giai doan l i p d u an hoae b i o c i o KT-KT, khdng cd sU thdng nhat v l qui md t h i l t ke vdi don vi q u i n ly, si!f dung ngn trong q u i trinh thuc hien dja phuong d l nghj l i m them cho phu hpp vdi d i l u kien thuc t l tat dia phuong.
- Do dieu kien dia chdt phdc tgp: Khu vuc OBSCL la khu vuc cd nen d i t yeu, sinh lay, bdi Ilng vdi n h i l u kgnh rach dieu kign dja chat phUc tap, d i e bigt la cac tinh ven b i l n nhUTien Giang, Ben Tre, SdcTrlng... Van de n i y l i m I n h hudng rat Idn d i n bien dpng ehi phf cilia cdng trinh va l i m mat n h i l u thdi gian d l xU I;?. Doi vdi c i e cdng trinh giao thdng dpc kgnh rach d khu vt/c dteu kign dja chat phO'c tap thUdng p h i i xCf ly n i n dat y l u , sat Id ta- luy, tang ehilu d i i cpc, eU tram gia cd... Theo eic chuygn gia, dieu kien dja chat tai mdt sd khu vtJc thudc DBSCL rat phUc tap, tai cac huyen Gd Cdng Odng, Gd Cdng Tay tinh T i l n Giang, cac hien tupng sup lun, sat Id thudng khdng giong nhau, cd trUdng hop lun cd nd hdng, di"y trdi nen dudng ra phia kgnh hoac sat t o i n bd ra kgnh...
nhung cung cd trudng hpp sijp lUn t h i n g dUng khong CO hien tupng thay ddi d pht'a Idng kgnh. d cac dU an cdng thijy Ipi ket hop giao thdng cd trudng hpp bt d i y trdi day hd mdng, dat d i p hat ben cdng bj Idn xudng, d i y mdng d giu'a lai bi day trdi jgn da gay khdng ft khd khan cho n h i thau thi cdng va cac bgn lien quan, tdn nhilu thdi gian trong viec xd ly sued l i m i n h hudng d i n c h i t lupng, t i l n dp v l higu q u i eua cdng trinh.
- Do ndng lUc cua dan vj tu vdn thiit kiyiu: Cd k h i n h i l u don vi t u v i n thiet k l vdi quy mo nhd tai dja phuong tham gia cdng tac thiet ke ngn chat lupng mot sd hd so thiet k l khdng dat ygu elu. Nguygn n h i n chu yeu l i do k h i o s i t dia hinh, dja c h i t so sli, hd so thiet ke khdng phu hpp vdi thuc te do t h i l u khio s i t hign trudng, thudng x i y ra hien tupng t h i l u eic hang muc k i t ndi giCra hg thdng gtao thdng cd s i n vdi cdng trinh l i m mdi.
Mpt nguygn n h i n khac dan d i n tang chi phi trong giai doan thi cdng la do phat sinh khdi lupng giiJa thuc t l v l d u toan thiet k l do ngudi i l p d u t o l n tfnh t h i l u so vdt ban vg t h i l t ke.Trong trudng hpp niy, trU hinh thiJc hpp ddng trpn gdi, eie hinh thdc hpp ddng cdn lai deu p h i i dieu ehinh tang cho n h i t h i u , dan d i n vigc p h i t sinh t i n g chi phi cho cdng trinh. (Thdi d i l m Lult O l u thau sd 43/2013/QH13 ngiy 26/11/2013, Nghj d|nh sd 63/2014/
ND-CP ngiy 26/6/2014 cua Chfnh phti chua ban h i n h thi ddi vdt cic gdi thau cd quy md nhd thudng I p dung hinh thdc hop ddng theo don g i i cd djnh, do dd vigc t u v i n thiet k l tinh thieu khdi lupng h i u h i t d i u tinh p h i t sinh tang cho nha thau).
• Do diiu chinh chi phINC - MTO Do viec d i l u chinh mUc luong tdi t h i l u eua Nha nude n i n chi phi NC v i MTC cdng trinh eung tang theo, ehu dau t u p h l i td chUc l i p du t o l n b6 sung d l d i l u ehinh g i i hpp ddng do chgnh Igch chi phi. CIc d u an n i m trong pham vi d i l u ehinh tang so vdi hpp ddng trUdc diy. Vigc bd sung d i l u chinh NC v i MTC d l l i m tang chi phi xay di/ng.
113
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4. O^ X U A T Bt£N P H A P H A N C H ^ V I E C T A N G CHI PHf Dua trgn nhung n h i n dang va phan tich d tren, mdt sd bien p h i p duoc d l xuat de gdp p h i n han c h l viee tang chf phf trong giai doan thi cdng cac cdng trinh giao thdng, cu the nhu sau:
4.1 -Thuc hien tot cong tac den bu GPMB De thue h i l n tdt cdng t i c den bii, GPMB c i n tap trung g i i i q u y l t nhuTig ndi dung sau:
-Cdng t i e thu hdi dat; Vigc thuc hign do dac lap b i n dd thu dat phai k i t hpp vdi dja phupng ngay t d lue k h i o sat, e l m mdc se giup hdi ddng bot thudng GPMB d dta phuong chu ddng hon trong cdng tac khao sit, thdng ke, cap nhat sd ho d i n bi anh hUdng phuc vy viec lap phuong i n bdi thudng v l x i y diing du toan ehi phi den bil, GPMB.
- Cdng t i e d i l u tra x i hdi hpc khu vUc den bu: D i y l i cdng viec rat quan trong n h i m phue vu eho cong t i e x i y dung phuong i n d i n bu tai dinh eu. Lam tdt cdng t i c d i l u tra xa hpi hpc se gitip vigc x i y dung phucmg an den bil v i ehuan b| quy n h i t i i dinh cu phii hpp theo dung nguygn vpng ciJa ngudi d i n v i tranh xay ra tinh trang khieu kien ddng ngudi v l vupt cap.
- Phuong i n d i n bu, tai djnh cif: PhUPng I n d i n bu, tai dinh cU e i n dupc x i y dung chi tiet, rd r i n g . Trong qua trinh lap phuong an can cd sU tham gia ciJa nhtlu thanh phan x i hot de ddng gdp, h o i n chinh npi dung phucmg i n trudc khi phe duyet thuc hien. Phuong I n tot sg mang lat t h u i n Ipi kht t n l n khai, sg gap it trd ngai, ddng thdi tao sUddng thuan cao cua cac hd dan bj I n h hudng di ddi d u i n . Phuong i n phai dua ra nhtJmg ehfnh sich thich hpp d l khuyin khieh cac hd c h i p hanh tdt chinh sach ciia N h i nude v i viee dt ddi t i i dinh eU d i m b i o theo dijng t i l n dd.
• Vin ddng ngudi d i n tlnh nguyin di ddi: Odi vdi cic du i n GTNT mat b i n g thudng do ngudi d i n tU nguygn h i l n dat, di ddi. Do do, e i n bd GPMB c i n p h l i sau sit tlnh hinh thUc te tai mdi dja phuong, ttm h i l u nghign cUu die trung v i n hda cua mdi viing mien d l tim ra phuang thdc van ddng phii hop; p h l i lam cho ngudi dan thay duoe higu q u i cija duan g i n lien vdi Ipi ich cOa cdng ddng, cua ngudi dan,
4.2. Ning cao chat lUcmg k h i o sit, thiet ki, q u i n ly du I n
Oiy la y l u td rat quan trpng I n h hudng n h i l u den tien dp v i ehi phi edng trinh. Qua k h i o sat cho thay, cac d u i n ed p h i t sinh ehi phi trong giai doan tht cdng lam vupt TMDT phan Idn la do thay ddi t h i l t k l bdi n h i l u y l u td. Trong dd, t h i l u sdt v i sai sdt d khau t h i l t k l co sd, thiet k l ky t h u i t la chu yeu. Can thue hten mdt sd bien p h i p sau:
- Nang cao chat luong l i p b i o e l o kinh t l - ky thuat.
Chu trong cdng t i c tham tra, tham dinh hd so thiet k l co sd, t h i l t ke ky thuat; lUa chpn don vj thue hien tham tra cd nang lUc, uy tin;
- Nghign cUu bd sung mdt sd npi dung v l dieu kien
hop ddng vdi don vi t u van g i l m sit, vdi n h i thau thi cdng v l trieh nhilm" k i l m s o i t t h i l t k l , chu ddng p h i t hien c i c t h i l u sdt trong ho so thiet ke de kjp thdi dua ra gilt phap khie phuc, xd ly kip thdi trudc khi t r i l n khai thi cdng;
- G i n t r i c h nhigm ve t i i chinh cua don vi k h i o sat t h i l t k l trong sudt q u i trinh t r i l n khai, thi cdng v i k i t thuc xay dUng; n g h i i n cufu h o i n thign quy dinh v l b i o h i l m s i n pham tU van trong dd quy dinh v l viec b i o h i l m s i n p h i m b i n g t i i s i n ciJa don vj tU van h o l e thue hien theo hinh thtfc tai b i o hiem;
- Col trpng vai trd ciia t u van quan ly d u I n , ddi vdi cae edng trinh 6 khu vuc dia c h i t phUc t^p c i n l i p ke hoaeh q u i n ly nli ro de chu ddng trong mpt tinh hudng cd the x i y ra.
4.3. N i n g cao chit fUomg dd I n quy hoach tai jfla phuong
ThUc t l cho t h i y , cdng t i c quy hoaeh x i y dimg, quy hoach ndng thdn mdi tai cap huyen, xa r i t bj xem nhe.
Danh muc c i c cdng trinh dau tU x i y dung tren dja b i n thudng dupc thuc hten theo timg nam, cd tinh nhiem ky, khdng g i n vdi quy ho?eh, khdng ddng bd, t h i l u tinh djnh hudng v i k l thira. Day I I nguyin n h i n ehinh d i n d i n viee nhieu dia phuong p h l i de x u i t bd sung thgm eic hang muc k i t ndi giiira cie cdng trinh mdi v l cu.
5. K^T L U A N
Thdng qua nghign cOu da nhan dang duac 6 nhdm n h i n td t i e ddng d i n vigc tang chl phf trong giai doan thi cdng tai eic dU i n giao thdng dudng bd sddyng vdn n g i n sich n h i nude phan cap cho h u y i n thudc eie tlnh DBSCL. CIc nhdm bien p h i p cP b i n eung dupe d l xuit n h i m muc dich han c h l viec t i n g chi phf trong glal doan thi cdng ei!ia cie d u I n . Vigc nghign ckJTu c i n t i l p tye thyc hien tren pham vi rdng, so lUpng edng trinh k h i o sit nhieu v i p h l i dugc thye hign tai t i t c i cic tinh, thinh thupc khu vuc OBSCL •
Tai lieu tham k h i o
[MLudtDdu thdu sd 43/2013/QH13 ngdy 26/11/2013.
[2]. Ludt Xdy dung sd 50/2014/QH 13 ngdy 18/6/2014.
[3]. Nghi dinh sd 63/2014/ND-CP ngdy 26/6/2014 cua Chlnh phd quy djnh chi tiet mdt sd diiu cua Ludt Ddu thdu sd 43/2013/QH13.
Ngiy n h i n b l i : 16/02/2017 Ngiy chip n h i n d i n g : 26/02/2017 Ngudi p h i n bien: TS. Pham Phii CUdng
TS.UManhTi/emg
