s o 12 (206)-2012 NGON NGOTA DOI SONG NGON NGCJ H O C VA VIET NGCf HOC
TLT XUNG HO CO NGUON GOC DANH TLT THAN TOC TRONG CONG DONG CONG GIAO VIET
ADDRESS TERMS ORIGINATING FROM KINSHIP IN VIETNAMESE CATHOLIC COMMUNITY
TRL/ONG THj DieWI (TS, DHSP, Dai hgc Da Ning)
Abstract
Addressing is a popular act in language communication. Vietnamese people's ways of addressing reflect their behavior. Address etiquettes in the Catholic community are not exceptions of Vielnamese addressing etiquette system. Researching address etiquettes in Vietnamese Catholic community aims at gaining insight into the jargons of Catholic culture in particular, and Vietnamese culture in general. The article focuses on investigating the use of kinship addressing units in Vietnamese Catholic community.
I. Van de Chiic Thdnh la chirc vii ma Gido hdi ddnh Hf thdng tir xung hd tieng Viet khdng cho mdt ngudi nam, thanh su do Bi tich phdi la mdt hf thdng tTnh tai, bat bifin md Id truyfin chiic vd dugc ban cho quyfin nang thi hf thdng md, ddng Tir mdt vdi dai tir nhan
xung gdc, Ihyc thy ban dau, hf thdng nay dan dan bd sung them mgt sd lugng ldn cac tir xmig hd khdc d nhiing "trinh dp lich hgp"
khdc nhau [2, tr.25]. He thdng tir xung hd trong cdng ddng Cdng gido Viet Nam ciing mang dac trung tuong ly.
Cdng ddng Cdng gido Viet ciing la mdt cpng ddng xa hgi Viet thu nhd vdi nhimg net ddc thil cua minh. Sy hda quyen giixa dao vd ddi da "'hat bdng" vdo trong vdn tu vung van hda ddc dao - vdn tir xung ho. Bai vifit cua chitng tdi di sau khdo sat cac danh tir thdn tdc duoc diing de xung hd giua cac vi cd chuc Thanh vdi nhau va giua hg vdi gido dan trong c6n^ dong Cdng gido nham minh chung rang: bat ke tdn giao cd ngudn gdc tir dau nhung khi hifin dien d Viet Nam deu it nhifiu mang ban sac ciia van hda Vift Nam.
2.1 Cach dimg tie xung hd d) nguon gdc dank tir than tgc trong cgng dong tdn gido
Viet '' •• •
hdnh cdc vific thanh cd lien quan den phep Thdnh. Danh tir chi chuc Thanh trong Gido hgi Cdng gido gdm: Gidm muc, Linh miic vd Phd te. Nhung danh tir ndy diing de chi nhimg ngudi nam di tu, ly nguyfn sdng ddc thdn vd phuc vy Hgi thanh Cdng giao. Theo Ttr difin cua Hoang Phe, Giam myc Id "cAi/c trong dgo Thien Chua , cao han Linh muc.
dung ddu mgt dia phdn" vd Linh muc la
"chuc trong dgo Thien Chda, thdp han Gidm muc" [7. tr.410, 595]. Theo giao li cua Cdng giao thi Gidm muc Id ""chuc ttr ti trgn ven.
ddy du nhdt, duac han cho vdi loan qvyen ciia "chit chdn ": truyen chiec Thdnh vd ddn ddt, cai qudn cdc tin hiru" vd Linh miic la
"chuc Thdnh thira ldc dugc ban cho quyen cu hdnh Thdnh le vd quyen tha tgi. dimg ddu mgt gido xvi".
Mgt difiu ddc bift Id cdc tir chi chiic
Thanh ndy khdng dugc su dimg (Phd tfi vd
Linh muc) hoae It dupc sir dung (Gidm muc)
de xung vd hd trong giao tifip.
NGON NGUT & Ddi S 6 N G S612(206)-2012
Khi xung hd vdi Phd tc. giao ddn dii tuoi cao hay thdp dfiu ly xung minh Id "con" vd gpi Phd lfi la "thay Sdu" hodc "ihay Sdu + ten" (thiiy Sdu Nam. ihdy Sdu Trung). Phd te ty xung minh Id "tdi" va gpi gido ddn Id chit, bdc. cd quy (ing. quyhd...
2 2 Cdc danh lir than tpc dugc sir dgng nhifiu irong giao ticp ciia cgng ddng Cdng gido. Nhu ta dd biet, chinh ldm li trpng tinh nghTa. "trgng gdn hon \ a " dd ldm cho "than tpc hda" trd thdnh khuynh hudng phd bi^n irong giao tifip ngirdi Vict. Trong giao liep, ngudi Cdng gido cung .sir dyng rdt nhieu danh tir than tgc nhu: ong, dng cd. bd co.
dng ngogi. dng ngi, cha. hd. d'l (soeur), mif (me), chii. hdc, con. chdu... Tuy nhifin, nhirng danh tir ndy khi di vdo giao tifip ciia ngudi Cdng gido dd mang nhu-ng sdc thai y nghTa khdc. bifiu lg tinh cdm rifing ciia ngudi Cdng giao. Trong pham vi bdi vifit nay, chimg ldi chi di sau nghifin ciru mdt sd danh tir thdn tdc dugc diing pho bifin trong cdng ddng Cdng gido. Dd Id nhirng danh tir:
- dng ngoai. dng ndi. cha bd - dng cd, bd cd
- cha, bd, dng - di (soeur) -con
Xin tam thdi phan nhdm nhu trfin, vi trong moi nhdm. cdc danh tir cd mdt net nghTa chung.
2.2.1. Ong ngi. dng ngogi, cha bo Nhirng danh lir xung hd ndy dupc diing de gpi mdt linh muc hay mdt giam muc. Tuy nhifin ddy la cdeh xung hd hfit sire dac bift, chi dimg d nhirng ngudi Cdng gido cd udc nguyfn di tu.
Ong npi: Vdi nhimg nam sinh cd udc mudn di lu vd trd thdnh linh myc sau ndy, hp se nhdn sy giiip dd ciia mdt linh myc (hay gidm muc) ndo dd ve mdt vdt chat Ian tinh thdn, ddc bift Id sy hudng dan ve tdm linh dfi trd thdnh linh muc. Nhflng nam sinh nay se gpi vj linh myc (hay gidm myc) do Id dng
Ong ngogi: Ngugc lai vdi nam sinh, nhO-ng nO sinh cd udc muon di tu vd trd thdnh nO- tu (ma soeur) sS nhgn sy ^iup dd ciia linh myc (hay mft gidm myc) bat ki vfi m$t v^t ch4t l3n tinh thiln, d$c bift Id sy hudng diin vfi tdm linh dfi trd thdnh ma soeur. Nhiing nQ- sinh ndy sfi gpi vj linh myc (hay gidm myc) dd Id dng ngogi.
Cha b6: Ngodi dng ndi. dng ngoai cdn cd danh xung thdn thifn niTa Id: "cha tinh th4n"
hodc "cha Iinh hudng", "cha bd". Dieu d$c bift trong cpng dong Cdng giao Id hg khdng chi td ra thdn thifn d edch xung ggi ma trong quan hf, nhflng vj linh myc ndy coi nhfl-ng nam sinh /nQ- sinh md hg diu ddt Ihyc sy Id nhflng dua con vfi mdt tinh thfin cua minh, cham lo hudng dan, ddo tgo dfi "con"
ciia minh cd thfi trd thdnh nhihig linh myc.
nfl-tu trong tuong lai.
2.2.2. Ong c6. bd co
Bgc sinh thdnh ra mgt mgt thay tu. linh myc, gidm myc hay nu tu nao dd se dugc ngudi Cdng gido ggi chung (kfi ca nhflmg vj cd chiic Thdnh) Id ong co (ngudi cha) hay bd CO (ngudi me).
Cach xung hd nay cho thay ngudi Cdng giao rat coi trgng nhihig ngudi di tu, ddc bifit Id nhflng ngudi cd chiic Thdnh Nhihig ngudi di tu dupc gido dan tdn trpng dan den vifc cha m? hp cflng dugc coi trpng, dugc hd ggi vdi mgt danh xung ddc bift vd dupc gido ddn xung eon nhu hg da xung vdi nhihig ngudi di tu.
Nhung mdt khac, ta cung nhgn thdy dnh hudng cua tu tudng trgng nam khinh nfl: cua ngudi Vift trong cdeh xung ho nay. Bfin vSi, chi khi nao da trd thanh nfl- tu (ma soeur) thi cha m? mdi dupc gpi la dng/ba cd. Cdn ben nam, ngudi con trai ay mdi chi dupc lam
"tha^" thdi thi cha m^ dd dugc ggi Id dngA>ft CO rdi.
2.2.3. Cha. bo, ong
Tir "cha" von Id danh tir diing de gpi mft vj iinh myc. Tuy nhifin, trong qua trinh ^ao tifip, dfi td ra thdn thifn vd gan gui hon gi&a
so 12 (206)-2012 NGON NGUTft DCll S 6 N G
"chil chdn" vd "con chien". ngudi gido ddn da gpi vi linh muc trdng coi gido xir ciia mhih bdng mpt danh lu thdn ihifn hon Id
"bd". Mac dil deu mang nghTa chi "ngudi dan dng da cd con. trong quan hf vdi con"
nhung til' "cha" mang sdc thdi trung hda. cdn tir "bd" raang sdc Ihdi thdn m§t va gan gfli hon. Trong cdeh xung hd ciia ngudi Viet Nam thi ngudi cha sinh thdnh ra minh vdn dupc gpi theo ldi phd thdng la "b6" (mifin Bac). "ba" (mifin Nam), tir "cha" rdt il diing hodc chi dung goi gpn trong mot dja phuong nao dd. Chinh. vi li do nay md ngudi Cdng gido da cd su thay ddi trong cdeh ggi vi linh muc cua rainh.
Nhu tir "bd". tir "dng" cung dugc dimg dfi gpi \ i linh muc cua rainh, nhung lir "bd"
thudng ddnh cho nhung linh muc tre tudi.
cdn tir "dng" ddnh cho nhirng linh muc Idn tudi. Cung cd trudng hgp ngudi Idn tudi thi gpi linh muc do bang "bd". cdn con cai cua hg thi gpi linh myc dd la "dng".
Day la diem kliac bift giiia giao tifip cua ngirdi Cdng giao tai Viet Nam vdi ngudi Cdng gido d cac nudc khac. Vdi ngudi Anh, linh muc chi dugc ggi Id father nhu ngudi Vift gpi la "cha", -hoan loan khong gpi bang danh tir ihan thifn danh cho cha minh Id dad hodc dady.
2.2.4 £>f (soeur)
Tir ma soeur theo tifing Phdp cd nghTa Id chj ciia tdi. Nhung khi vao Viet Nam. ma soeur hay soeur la danh tir dc ggi nhung ngifdi con gdi ty nguyfin di tu, sdng ddc than, khdng lap gia dinh. sudi ddi phung su cho gido hdi Cdng gido. Tuy nhifin. dfi cho
• gdn gui hon vdi cdeh xung hd cua ngudi Viet, danh tir ma .soeur da dugc chuyfin thanh lir "di". Trong gia dinh. tir "di" chi ngudi ciing thfi lie vdi cha me (trong khi tir
"chi" chi ngudi ciing thfi hf vdi TOI). Phdi chang day Id each ggi cd d u n g y de ndng ma soeur bdng vai vdi ngudi nam cimg cap - Mnh muc - vdn da dugc diing tii "cha, bd" de xung ggi. Tir "di" nay t+iudng dupc.sit dung
d nhflng ddng tu nOr cd ngudn gdc Viet Nam nhu: Hpi ddng Men Thanh Gid. Hgi ddng Con Dire Me Vd Nhifim (Phii Xuan - Hufi), , ' 2.2.5. Con
**Con" Id danh tir dugc diing phfi bifin.
rgng rdi nhdt trong xung ho giao tifip ciia nhiing ngirdi Cdng gido. Gido dan. ludn ty xung minh Id "con" khi giao ticp vdi mdt Ihdy. mgt ma soeur. phd le. linh myc hay mpt gidm muc nao dd. Ngutri Cdng giao khdng cho Id vd li vd hoan todn ly nguyen khi xung hd nhu vay.
Trong tifing Anh, dii ngudi gido dan cd gpi Iinh myc ciia minh mpt edch than ihifn nhdt It father di nfl'a thi khi ly xirng. hg cung chi cd mdt tir duy nhal Id " 1 " . ngoai ra khdng cdn tir ndo khdc. Trong khi dd. a Viet Nam.
lir "con" vira thfi hifn tinh cha con thifing lifing. vira the hifn sy khifim tdn cdn cd vd ca tinh than thifit, gan gfli giua nhu'ng linh muc vdi giao ddn ciia minh.
2.3. Qua vific dua nhung danh lir than lpc ra dimg irong giao tifip. ta thay cdng ddng Cdng giao dd rat coi trpng nhung ngudi di lu md hg gpi Id bgc lu tri. Tdt nhifin, nhfl:ng ngudi CO chiic Thdnh cdng ddc bifit dugc coi trgng. Tir vifc coi trgng nhirng ngudi di tu.
hg kinh trgng cd ngudi than eita nhQ-ng ngudi ndy. va ddc biet Id bac cha mc ciia hp.
Viec kinh trpng nhu'ng ngudi di tu xuat phdt tir vific ngudi Cdng gido mong mudn cd nhifiu ngudi ty nguyfin phyc vu cdng vifc cua nhd thd, ciia gido xir vd rung hon la gido hdi.
Ben canh dd, ngudi Cong giao thuc sy coi minh Id nhu'ng ngirdi than trong ciing mpt dai gia dinh. vd mdi ngudi chinh la nhirng thdnh vifin trong dai gia dinh dd.
Trong cdng ddng nay, gido ddn coi minh la con cua nhirng linh muc, gidm muc, vd ngugc Igi rihiJng vi nay cung coi gido ddn (ddc biet id nhiing gido dan cd udc, nguyfn di tu) Id con cdi ciia minh.
(xem Hep trang 6 )
NGON NGUT & D d i S 6 N G S612 (206)-2012 )S
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(Ban Bien tap nhUn bdi ng&y 20-09-2012)
TLfXl/NGHO....
{tiip Iheo trang 9) 3. K^t lu$n
Hf th6ng tir xung hd U-ong cgng ddng Cdng gido dd gdp ph4n tgo nfin sy da dang cho v6n tir xung hd ciia ti^ng Vift vdn d3 da dang va phong phti. Qua hf th^ng tir xung hd ndy, ta phhn ndo hifiu hem cdi hay. cdl d ^ ciing nhflng y^u t6 tdm linh trong cdeh xung hd giao t i ^ cua c§ng dong Cdng gido Vift Nam, Dhn%
thdi, mft l^n nOa. ta cd thfi ty hdo hon vdi nhflng kieu xung hd giao tifip mang dam ban sac vdn hda Vift ~ dd Id vifc dua danh tir than tgc ra giao tifip xd hpi. kfi ca trong xung ho ton gido.
Tii li$u t h a m khao 1. Do Hiru Chau (1987), Co sd ngU nghta hgc tic vung - Nxb DHTHCN - Ha Ngi.
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3. Mai Nggc Chir, Vu Dire Nghifu, Hodng Trgng Phifin (1990). Ca .fa ngdn ngU hgc vd tieng Vi0t, Dai hpc Tdng hpp Ha Npi, Ha Npi.
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5. Truong Thj Diem - Thich Thdng Hue (2011), Gdp them cdeh hieu vi biet ngit Ph4t gido, Ki yeu Hgi thdo Ngir hgc todn quoc, HNNHVN, tr.30-34.
6. Truong Thi Diem - Thich Thdng Hue (2011), NgU nghia cOa danh xung trong hca^
xudt gia Phdt gido. Tap chi Khoa hgc & Gnao dye, sd 1(01), tr.54-59.
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(Ban Bidn tap nhdn bdi ngay 29-10-2012)