This thesis is presented in article format in accordance with the policies of the Economics and Management Work Research Unit of the Faculty of Economics and Management, Northwestern University, consisting of 3 research articles. Each of the individual articles conforms to the writing style requirements (ie, specific abstract, spelling, grammar, and referencing requirements) of the specific journal to which the article has been submitted or will be submitted for publication. Author requirements and relevant documentation specific to each journal are included in the appendices at the end of the thesis.
In accordance with the policy of the PhD program at the North-West University Business School, the editorial style and references for the remainder of the dissertation use the Harvard Style format prescribed by the NWU Referencing Guide (2020). In addition, the study aims to determine which of the five governance systems (namely local private limited companies, state-owned companies, companies listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange, multinational companies with unlisted overseas parent companies and companies which are listed on foreign stock exchanges) stock exchanges) leads the industry in the area of corporate social responsibility. The study used the theory of the firm and its three perspectives, which are shareholder, stakeholder, and society, as lenses to explore the extent to which mining companies practice corporate social responsibility that is friendly to the physical environment, business ethics, and socially responsible human resources. management using Zimbabwe's extensive gold mining sector.
The target population was large gold mining companies, a sample of members of the Zimbabwe Chamber of Mines and the Mining Industry Pension Fund. In addition, the results show that although they differ in their level of success, all jewelry companies practice socially responsible business.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM INTRODUCTION
- The economic importance of the gold mining sector
- The legal framework governing the gold mining sector
- Research Questions
- Primary objective
- Secondary objectives and specific research questions
- Phase 1: Literature Review
- Ethical considerations
An integrative theory of corporate social responsibility argues that the role of the corporation in society is to maximize profit within a given legal framework and ethical customs of the country (Garriga. & Melle, 2004). This study aims to determine the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility within gold mining companies under different corporate governance systems in light of the choice dilemma. The methodological approaches used by most CSR researchers in Zimbabwe are not adequate to provide a comprehensive understanding of the driving forces that shape corporate social responsibility.
One of the central determinants of the nature and scope of corporate social responsibility is corporate governance systems when placed within specific legal and regulatory environments. For this reason, the study will only focus on CSR in the Zimbabwean mining sector, and only on how CSR is embedded in the management systems of the mining organizations for the industry's gold mining sector, as dictated by the legal and regulatory context. Ideally, research into the nature and scope of CSR should take place over a longer period of time.
At this stage of the literature review, the focus was on understanding the general debate around corporate social responsibility issues, the different methodologies used in the studies, and the operational definitions of CSR that were adopted. Corporate social responsibility can be one of the key programs to be embedded in the policy framework; therefore, academic research on CSR can be useful for policy makers.
Research background
The study will be organized around eight interconnected chapters, the elements of which are briefly summarized in Figure 1.3 below. This chapter sets out the methodological issues that deal with the methodological and data collection processes that were the basis for the entire thesis. The chapter also discusses the research philosophy underlying the thesis, noting that this study uses a combination of both positivist and interpretive paradigms.
It discusses a range of methods, including questionnaire administration, participant observation, key informant and in-depth interviews, and secondary data sources. The second chapter discussed the strengths and weaknesses of each of the strategies used in the research. This chapter also discusses critical ethical principles such as informed consent, anonymity, and confidentiality.
Context of the mining sector
Literature review
16. state-owned, multinational company based abroad and multinational company listed on a foreign stock exchange). This paper assesses environmental performance in terms of environmental integrity and good governance, efficient use of energy, raw materials and water in businesses and rational use of resources (including clean extractive technologies, recovery programs and energy management).
Article 3, Mining companies’ performance business ethics issues
Article 4, An assessment of the scope and nature of socially responsible human resources management in the gold mining sector in Zimbabwe. resources management in the gold mining sector in Zimbabwe
Summary, Discussion, Theoretical Issues and Policy Directions
CHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHODS AND METHODOLOGY 2 INTRODUCTION
- Research Philosophy
- Research Approach
- Sequencing of quantitative and qualitative research methods The study used sequential explanatory design, as shown in Figure 2.2
- Research design
- Descriptive stage
- Explanatory stage
- Interpretive stage
- Evaluative stage
- Establishing the performance of the mining sector
- CSR criteria for mining
The first part of the chapter discusses the conceptual framework and research methodology used in this study. The first and most used refers to the philosophy and logic of the research process. It helps the researcher to appreciate and describe the social reality from the different subjective perspectives of the participants in the study.
The quantitative aspect of the research consisted of a closed questionnaire among employees of the gold mining companies. After determining the study sites and data requirements, the descriptive phase attempted to provide a quantitative description of the phenomenon. The main purpose of this phase was to establish the points of the phenomenon around which.
The study also included a longitudinal overview of the different policy regimes of the various companies selected to understand the development of corporate social responsibility over time. These were used to characterize the nature of the relationship between the community and the mining sector in the broad context of the CSR framework.
Environmental management
Interviews were conducted with key informants from the Environmental Management Agent, the Ministry of Mines and Mineral Development, the Mining Industry Pension Fund, Rural District Councils where mining operations are conducted, and community leaders. To examine the scope and nature of corporate social responsibility built into mining companies' key organizational systems, the researcher reviewed companies' annual reports and other information available in the public domain, mission statements, and vision. The researcher reviewed companies' documents, including reviews of cost accounting reports and board meeting minutes on management strategies.
Their objectives are to highlight companies that score high in corporate social responsibility metrics. However, Vintro and Comajuncosa (2010) created a working and simplified CSR performance map and established a set of criteria for environmental management, ethics and human capital indicators, called CSR criteria. The criteria for measuring corporate social responsibility in this study were adapted from Vintro and Comanjuncosa's (2010) criteria for mining.
Business Ethics
Socially responsible human resources management
- Mining sector and environmental management issues
- The mining sector and environmental management
- The mining sector and ethics issues
- Mining sector and socially responsible human resources management
- Analytical framework and data analysis
- Qualitative data from key informants and literature review
- Analysis and presentation of quantitative data
- Sampling frame and sampling strategy
- Selection of mining companies
- Selection of key informants
- Ensuring reliability and validity
- Reliability test
- Reducing non-sampling errors
- Ensuring the validity of qualitative data
- Use of triangulations
- CHAPTER THREE: AN OVERVIEW OF ZIMBABWE’S GOLD MINING SECTOR AND THE CONTEXT OF THE STUDY
- Legal framework guiding natural resource use .1 Water
- Environmental quality
- Employee corporation relations
- Training capacity
- Collective bargaining
- Social protection
- Retirement plans
- CHAPTER 4 LITERATURE REVIEW
- The firm’s structure
- The firm's conduct
- The performance
- Shareholder or classical approach to corporate social responsibility
- The stakeholder approach to corporate social responsibility
- The societal view and its approach towards CSR
- Corporate social responsibility because corporates want to
- Corporate Social Responsibility because corporates are obliged to
- Corporate social responsibility because corporates are made to
- Corporate social responsibility in the context of the gold mining sector
- Global Reporting Initiative and the Triple bottom line
- The Balanced Scorecard
- ISO2600:2010 Core subjects
- Summary
- CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH ARTICLE 1
- Data collection
- CHAPTER 6 RESEARCH ARTICLE 2 Title: Assessing the nature of corporate environmental
- Research Purpose and objectives
- Stakeholder Approach
- Societal Approach
- Research Approach
- Method
- Research Strategy
- Objective measures of environmental responsibility
- Ethical considerations
- Subjective Measures of Resource Use
- Objective measures of resource use
- Subjective measures of environmental quality
- Objective measures of environmental quality
- Composite Indices for Environmental Quality
- Environmental Management Performance
- Limitations and recommendations
- Managerial Information
- Value and contribution
- CHAPTER 7: RESEARCH ARTICLE 3
- Data analysis
- Setting
- Data collection
- Ethical considerations
- The shareholder perspective
- Stakeholder perspective
- The societal perspective
- Research objectives and problem statement
- General objectives
- Research approach
- Subjective measurements of companies’ social responsibility
- Research strategy
- Participants
- Research procedure
CHAPTER THREE: AN OVERVIEW OF ZIMBABWE'S GOLD MINING SECTOR AND THE CONTEXT OF THE STUDY. The Mining Industry (General Conditions), 1990, published in Statutory Instrument 152 of 1990 (hereinafter “the main agreement”), shall be read as one with the main agreement. There is a National Social Security Authority which is an agency under the ministry of labor and social welfare in Zimbabwe established to enforce the regulations of the Factories and Works Act (20 of 1948), the Labor Law [Chapter 28:01 ] (Works 16 /1985). S 2), National Social Insurance Authority (Accident Prevention and Workers' Compensation Scheme) Notification No.
Corporate social responsibility has become one of the main challenges for companies worldwide (Preuss and Glavas, 2016). Title: Determinants of the nature of business ethics practiced by the gold mining sector in Zimbabwe. Corporate social responsibility is more visible in the mining sector due to the nature of the mining industry.
This study assessed the current corporate social responsibility practices of the mining sector using a stakeholder approach. A manager of one of the companies listed on the foreign stock exchanges said: 'We have raised more than 12 million US dollars for the construction of a solar power plant to mitigate the effects of downtime due to power outages.' The alternative to grid electricity is diesel-powered generators, but these generators have high carbon emission levels that are harmful to the environment. Title: An evaluation of the nature of business ethics practiced by the gold mining sector in Zimbabwe.
An assessment of the nature of business ethics practiced by the gold mining sector in Zimbabwe. The article was written in accordance with the journal layout guidelines, which are included in Appendix 7B on page 288 and AOSIS Publishing, the publishing organization for the journal reference style guide in appendix 5 on page 260. The article was researched and written by i first author (Loveness Nyikahadzoi) as PhD candidate and lead author, while co-authors (Ronnie Lotriet and Anet Smit) fulfilled a supervisory function to him as promoters of the PhD project. A manager of one of the companies listed on the foreign exchange said: 'Some companies that provide us with specialized services have established offices in the local community where we operate; therefore they are part of the local economy.' The reason why the government-owned mining companies had the least satisfaction was explained by one of the workers, 'The local community itself does not have much to offer in terms of outsourcing some of the services to the locals as they provide external services such as and waste monitoring.'.
The results on the performance in promoting the local economy are shown in Table 3. One of the employees of the same company said: 'The mining company had even created an employee ownership trust and all the permanent employees big and small are benefiting from it. through dividends. This is consistent with Jackson et al. 2020), which show where CSR is institutionalized through legislation. variation in CSR activities declines as firms adopt increasingly similar practices over time.
