This research study assesses the sustainable provision of water and sanitation in upgrading informal settlements in situ. This research introduces the topic based on the provision of clean water and adequate sanitation for low-income people in an urban settlement.
Introduction
The provision of water and sanitation facilities rests with local government (The Department of Water Resources and Forestry, 2002). From the above literature it is clear that water and sanitation are basic needs for human survival.
Research Problem
This study seeks to assess the sustainable delivery of water and sanitation services following the upgrading of informal settlements.
Research Objectives
The Main Research Question
Subsidiary Questions
Despite these efforts, there are still a large number of individuals who are required to use the bucket and other unacceptable systems (Currie et al., 2014). 5 1.5.3 What are the roles and responsibilities of different officials involved in water and sanitation provision.
Hypothesis
2011) further states that "the most important characteristic of qualitative research is that the approach allows for identifying issues from the perspective of the research participants and for understanding the meanings and interpretations they give to behaviour, events or objects". On the point of roles and responsibilities of the official involved in the provision of water and sanitation.
Study Justification
Structure of Dissertation
The literature containing previous studies on the provision of basic services such as water and sanitation is reviewed in this chapter. The summary of findings and conclusion looked at the extent to which the study answered the research questions.
Introduction
Research Methodology
Primary Sources
Sampling Method
Therefore, it was appropriate for this study to use the qualitative method to assess the provision of in-situ water and sanitation in the improved informal settlement at Cato Crest. Information needed from participants was, for example, water sources and how the provision or lack of water and sanitation had affected participants' lives.
Tools for data collection
- Interview
- Questionnaires
- Case study
- Secondary sources of data
10 water and sanitation and whether the beneficiaries were aware of the obligations to use water and sanitation services. In addition, pressing challenges faced by participants in the provision of services such as water and sanitation and the type of water and sanitation systems participants used in their homes were discussed.
Data Analysis
Secondary data sources are second-hand accounts of events, places, people or topics which are based on the researchers' experience (Wood, 1991). The study used information from books, journal articles, newspapers, government documents, online materials and periodicals as secondary sources of data.
Limitation of the study
Conclusion
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
- Informal settlement
- In-situ Informal Settlement Upgrading
- Informal Settlement Upgrading
- Sustainable provision of water and
The provision of basic services such as water and sanitation meet some of the most critical needs of people. The main objective of the study was to assess the provision of water and sanitation following in-situ upgrading of informal settlements.
Theorectical Framework
Decentralization Theory
In this study this means that the poorest people receive basic services since the provision of basic services such as water and sanitation is the responsibility of the municipality. Therefore, in this theory, the study reveals whether the local government has exercised its constitutional mandate to provide basic services such as water and sanitation to people living in areas that were informally settled in the past.
The Basic Needs Approach
Based on the above findings, it is clear that there was a high rate of unemployment in the study area of Cato Crest. One strategy would be to lock off utility faucets to prevent wasteful water use and faucet damage.
Human Right Based Approach
Conclusion
The review of the conceptual framework was intended to provide the conceptual basis of the research on which the concept used in the research can be understood. Both the conceptual and theoretical body of knowledge help place this study within an appropriate academic setting.
Introduction
The global water and sanitation crisis
This chapter presented the historical background of the study area, which is the Cato Crest housing project. This chapter highlights the overall employment situation in the Cato Crest area based on recent census statistics.
Water as basic need
The importance of sanitation on health
Around the world, in poor urban communities, thousands of people, especially children, still die every day from preventable diseases linked to poor water and sanitation. International experience shows that when people's basic needs are met, hygiene improvements together with health and hygiene promotion have the most significant impact on their health (White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation, 2001).
The importance of water and sanitation on the environment
The development of aquatic plants increases treatment costs and reduces recreational facilities of the water body. Toxic green growth, loss of biodiversity and depletion of the oxygen in the water can also result in lost bio-sorted qualities and a complete movement in the regular biota of the stream (White Paper on Basic Household Sanitation, 2001).
The importance of sanitation on the economy
25 systems on water quality; for example, the type of sanitation system, size and density of the settlement served, the effect of obtaining water, limit of the administration provider to handle the system and extent of access to groundwater and the soil type (White Paper On Basic Domestic Sanitation, 2001). Contamination that occurs as a result of failed or inadequate sanitation systems is associated with direct contact with faecal-contaminated water and other well-being hazards, for example, blue baby syndrome in bottle-fed newborns caused by water-borne diseases.
The Sustainable use of water and sanitation
Reduction of accidents due to agricultural activities: Irrigation systems represent about 60 percent of the water used in South Africa. The protection of water quality represents a major challenge for water policy in South Africa (Mukheibir & Sparks, 2003).
Case Study: The Hanna Nassif Community Managed Settlement Upgrading
Variations in sewer types in Cato Crest are driven by residents' ability to pay for water. Service delivery in the South African public service: Applying the Batho Pele principles from Statistics South Africa.
Literature Review in the South African Context
Service delivery and service payment
Municipalities need a reliable source of revenue to provide basic services and perform their functions and a provider of basic services to the community (www.joburg.org.za). Municipalities face major challenges in providing services to residents, and many municipalities are failing.
Case Study: Zilweleni in-situ Upgrading - Durban
Role players in provision of water and sanitation
Responsibility of the State
The role of Metro and District Municipalities
According to City of Cape Town (2008), the district municipality is primarily responsible for the provision of water and sanitation services and through its Environmental Health Practitioners for promoting health and hygiene awareness and for monitoring the health of its communities . The district municipality is required to develop an Integrated Development Plan (IDP), which focuses on the integrated development and management of its jurisdiction.
The supply of Water and Sanitation in South Africa
The White Paper on Water Supply and Sanitation (1994) further indicates that monitoring implementation is necessary to 'ensure that standards are adhered to' and 'that a satisfactory scope of basic services is achieved and provided' (Department of Water Affairs and Forestry , 2002). ). The water sector representing the structures was changed to combine guidelines for local municipalities and rural authorities, where each was already exclusively responsible for water supply and sanitation.
Sustainable use of water and sanitation contributing to sustainable human
Remedial measures included the merging of the privilege with satisfactory and sustainable water supply and sanitation in section 27 (1b) of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the Republic of SA 1996 (No 108 of 1996); the adoption of numerous laws, white papers and policies focused on water supply and sanitation services; and implementing programs to reduce water and sanitation backlogs. 36 ideally and not to the detriment of the present and the future, as this is essential for maintaining development (Hofmeyr, 2012).
Legislative Framework on the provision of water and sanitation
- Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996)
- The Housing Act no 107 of 1997
- The National Water Act no 36 of 1998
- The Water Services Act no 108 of 1997
- The Municipal System Act no 32 of 2000
The objectives of the Act have been achieved in most cities in South Africa, although the government still needs to ensure that the implementation of this Act is done properly. The objectives of this Act have been achieved in most parts of South Africa, although there is a major problem of water scarcity in South Africa.
Proposed solutions to municipality for sustainable supply of water and
- The Protection of water resources
- Consumer education on sustainable use of water and sanitation
- Simplifying connection and billing procedures for poor household
- Eliminate distorted tariffs for poor households
These groups of people are the main users of water resources and the main polluters of watersheds. To further protect water resources and sanitation, it is important and important for farmers, producers and households to prepare an educational program for water management, which are the main points of water management.
Conclusion
The rising tariff structure could be based on the share of household wages rather than the amount of water used. Greater transparency can be achieved by requiring landlords to inform tenants of the amount of their water bill and justify the amount included in the rent (Triche, et al., 2009).
Introduction
Geographical location of Cato Crest
Historical background of Cato Crest
In the Cato Manor area, it was estimated that 50,000 individuals resided in the area by the mid-1940s. This added weight to the conflict between the Indian and African populations of Cato Manor in 1949 (Madlala & Jonawski, 2004).
Socio-economic information of Cato Crest
Demographics
Escalating brutality in African urban areas amid the final stages of the battle against politically sanctioned racial segregation in the late 1980s and the impending repeal of the Group Areas Act in 1991 provoked a new influx of settlements. The main territory that was reoccupied was the upper edge of what is now called the Cato Crest (Madlala & Jonawski, 2004).
Employment Status
Facilities/ amenities and services before and after upgrading
There is a primary school, Cato Crest primary school (figure 3) and a secondary school, located at 60 Malver Road Mayville. Other main social facilities in the Cato Crest area include a Cato Crest public library (figure 4), and also a community hall for multiple purposes (figure 5).
Conclusion
Introduction
Gender representation of informants involved in the case study
This could also be attributed to the fact that most of the interviews were conducted at communal stands during rush hours, where at that time most of the residents, especially women and girls, collected water for dinner and hygiene purposes. . In terms of the gender of the respondents, this figure is in line with the generally accepted opinion that women make up approximately 51.3% of the total population of South Africa (Statistics SA, 2011).
The access and use of Municipal water and sanitation
- Access to safe drinking water before in-situ upgrading
- Water collection before the upgrade
- Access to water after upgrade
- Access to Sanitation
- Access to sanitation after the upgrade
The table above shows the findings of Cato Crest which revealed that before the provision of sanitation facilities 90% of respondents indicated that they used pit latrines and 7% of respondents indicated that they used bush latrines. The graph above shows that 46% of respondents indicated that they used chemical toilets (Figure 11) provided by the municipality (Figure 12), 37% indicated that they used the piped water system/flush toilet and 17% said that they used the pit. toilet system.
Capacity to pay for water services
58 of them did not have water connected in their apartments, as they used communal installations where they did not pay for water. 59 Although the Cato Crest study area is well located, approximately seven kilometers west of the Durban CBD, the above findings suggest that the residents of Cato Crest were not economically active.
Quality of Water Supplied
60 Respondents who were satisfied with the water provided by the municipality stated that their satisfaction was based on the quality of the provided safe drinking water. Respondents who were not satisfied with the water indicated that their level of satisfaction was based on the fact that the water provided was from a stand and was not connected to their upgraded houses.
Satisfaction of service provided
Another problem raised by respondents was that they had to queue to collect water, especially at peak times, which meant that there were not enough public utilities in the Cato Crest area. In Cato Crest, the municipality provided chemical toilets for residents to address the issue of poor sanitation in the Cato Crest area, as most people could not afford to have a water connection in their homes to use a flush toilet system.
Roles and responsibilities of officials involved in the provision of water and
The community of Cato Crest felt that the following should be done to improve water and sanitation. The study critically assessed the provision of water and sanitation after in-situ upgrading of informal settlements, using a case study of Cato Crest.
Challenges experienced by municipality in providing water and sanitation
Improvement strategies for municipal services water and sanitation
The revival of Ward Committee
Water committee as monitoring mechanism
Research findings relating to literature
The research results proved that in the Cato Crest area, basic needs such as water and sanitation were met at a minimum level for the benefit of the poor people after their housing was upgraded. Providing basic services such as water and sanitation has helped the residents of Cato Crest to live in a healthy environment, conducive to well-being with minimal diseases and other threats.
Conclusion
Introduction
Summary of the main findings
Regarding the issue of access to basic services after in-situ improvement, the study found that 37% of respondents had piped water to their dwellings, while 63% used municipal tap/stand pipes. On the other hand, some of the respondents who used the municipal standpipes claimed that the communal standpipes were far from their residences.
Conclusion
They believed that some of their problems with water supply and sanitation could have been solved long ago if there had been a functional parish committee in Cato Crest. The study can therefore conclude that the eThekwini municipality has to some extent lived up to its mandate to provide basic services to the urban poor so that their lives change for the better.
Recommendations
Education on health and water management
It is critical that the government continues to invest in providing basic services to all South African citizens. Naturally, the research found that more needs to be done to improve housing conditions in informal settlements, which can only be achieved by ensuring that the eThekwini Municipality has the support and cooperation of all relevant stakeholders responsible for delivering of services. to the people of the eThekwini Metropolitan area.
Communication and information distribution
The other most important point regarding water is that civil society needs to be educated that South Africa is a water-scarce country and therefore everyone needs to use water efficiently. The benefit of educating communities about water management is that people will take responsibility for how they use water and strive to avoid water wastage.
Restoration of ward committees
Interview questions and survey questions on the provision of basic water and sanitation services in in-situ improved informal settlements. How can utilities such as water and sanitation survive after upgrading informal settlements.
