Information was also obtained from respective individuals regarding their perceptions of the factors that contributed to the stream's decline and the effectiveness of their rehabilitation efforts. To achieve sustainable development in the urban townships, individuals should understand the principles of balancing current needs with those of the future.
Motivation for study area
This becomes a major risk for downstream communities due to the risk of flooding and other health problems. The study area was selected because there was already some degree of cooperation in solving the problems of the degraded stream (focusing on the portion of the stream that runs from section K to C, see Figure I).
Objectives
The purpose of the study is to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of the two partnerships formulated to rehabilitate the creek in Durban's KwaMashu Township.
Structure of the thesis
The chapter also provides the historical background of the study area, focusing on political and criminal aspects as well as giving a brief overview of the biophysical environments of the study area. Because community organizations are involved in bringing about change in society, this chapter will also provide an overview of the growth of such organizations.
Changing perceptions of the environment
Changing ideas about the environment, which ensured greater participation of groups and nations from the developing world in the environmental debate, changed the perception of developing countries that existing industrial problems would hinder their development goals. They are therefore expected to participate in the development and upliftment of their own area.
Sustainable development
Defining sustainable development
Environmental/ecological development is concerned with the conservation and improvement of the natural resource base (air, water, soil and biological diversity). This is known as ecological integrity, which refers to the healthy functioning of ecosystems.
Developing partnerships
To clarify the various outcomes of the summit, these are listed below (see Table I). Scott and Oelofse (1999) define public participation as the involvement of the public in decision-making about issues that affect their lives.
Implementing partnerships at a local level
Principles of Local Agenda 21
This depends on how each of the parties in the partnership views the benefits of the collaborative effort. Using both these scales and the diagram below, the partnership can be mapped.
Implementation and monitoring
These selected spots are currently used mainly for community gardening, which is a source of income for some of the group members.
Evaluation and feedback
Capacity building enables the community to work together to mobilize resources, to build trust among themselves, to resolve conflicts and to network with others to achieve agreed goals (Ghai et at. 1992). To achieve sustainable development at a local level, there is a need to build the capacity of the local people through participation in local initiatives (OEAT 1999). The community must also make informed decisions about the environment; therefore capacity building ensures sustainable management of resources.
Community capacity building can enable citizens to initiate local projects based on local ones.
Resource management in South Africa
The UN Conference on Environment and Development, held in 1992, identified the need for a better system for managing the world's scarce freshwater resources. This is based on guiding principles that recognize the basic human needs of current and future generations, the need to protect resources, and the need to promote social and economic development through the use of water (Republic of South Africa 1996). The Ministry of Water Affairs and Forestry introduced the Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) approach, which provides for the management of water within the geographical unit of a river basin or river basin, taking into account the impact of land on water in the river basin .
Water resources are one of the critical areas requiring attention in the transition to sustainability.
Conclusion
It goes on to examine the political history of KwaMashu and the origins of the partnerships presented in the case studies. Durban's townships were developed to eradicate the overcrowded shantytowns that were close to the city center during the segregated development policy. More recently, the Durban Metro changed its political structure from interdependent urban areas to a single political, administrative, spatial and economic structure of Unicity, which includes all these world areas (CSIR 1999).
As community awareness of environmental degradation has increased, a series of projects have recently focused on stream management and the impact of stream pollution on local people.
The physical characteristics of the stream
The stream originates in the southwest and runs through the south to the east of KwaMashu. From the original starting point, the stream breaks into two parts, one running north and the other running in a southerly direction. Reeds have also grown in the water channel area which then becomes a health and environmental hazard for residences as the reeds disturb the flow of water and cause flooding.
It becomes easy for robbers to hide in the reeds when someone approaches and they then rob the person.
Hydrology
Infrastructural development
However, the level of crime in the form of robberies is high in rail transport compared to buses and taxis. Debris (including building debris and other general debris) usually ends up in open spaces and streams. Recently, there have been changes in the political structure of the area as a result of the community's political awareness.
Ultimately, the K section became an area to avoid and great political tension arose in the township.
The development of partnerships in KwaMashu
The KwaMashu Development Association
The KwaMashu Development Initiative
Their vision was influenced by the efforts of the Keep Durban Beautiful Association (KDBA) to bring awareness to the community. Since the inception of the partnership, a committee has been formed that manages all the projects of the association.
The Keep Durban Beautiful Association
KDBA, after being contacted by KDI, formed an environmental partnership and their main role was to create awareness to the community about waste management. This chapter has examined the factors associated with the stream which have influenced the development of environmental partnerships in the local community, namely flooding, eutrophication and crime. This chapter has tried to provide insight into the workings of the area and about society.
The relative effectiveness of these partnerships in achieving their goal of restoring power will be provided in the analysis chapter.
Introduction
The focus of the study is to examine how people develop partnerships, with their associated processes and consequences. Environmental objectives: Did the project meet its objectives to improve a specific element of environmental quality. These have been selected based on criteria related to the main elements of the methodology in which they are embedded (Sarantakos 1993).
Only when necessary, clarity was provided and the interviewees' answers were recorded as they were.
Philosophical perspectives
One of the implications of this approach is that reality is independent, external and objective to the observer. The case study approach generally attempts to provide insight into the phenomena through meanings that people attach to them. Statistical and qualitative approaches have been used to provide further insight and meaning regarding the activities of the people in KwaMashu.
These methods also aim to produce a concept of the context within which information was collected (Myers 1997).
Constructing local knowledge
Philosophers believed that through such scientific approaches a new order of society could be created that would alleviate social problems. These methods also aim to create a concept of the context within which the information is collected (Myers these descriptions can take several forms depending on the purpose of the research. They can be used in conjunction with statistical surveys and quantitative analysis as complementary methods to research a understanding of society.
Research methods
Qualitative and quantitative approaches
Qualitative methods
First, they were designed to develop a database of the stakeholders to be contacted (or interviewed) for the research aspect. Sarantakos (\993) notes that observations can take different forms depending on the researcher's choice. This interview was unstructured and most of the discussion focused on partnerships and the role of the community.
Questionnaire B had four sections with open and closed questions, but most were of the former type (Refer Appendix 2).
Sampling method
- Sampling procedure
- Data collection procedure
- Data sources and gathering
- Data analysis and interpretation
Section A included questions mainly about the perception of the environment and aimed to assess general attitudes. Purposive non-probability sampling means that a selection of sample members is drawn and evaluated at the discretion of the researcher. Several factors were considered including a historical overview of the area (focusing on political factors), capacity building and the type of partnership adopted by each group (as defined by Long and Arnold, 1995).
The use of case studies in this research allowed for an intensive examination of the partnerships involved.
Introduction
Profiles of the community-based organisations in K waMashu
The KDI partnership i) Political factors
The poor management of the stream has led to a dense growth of reeds in the riparian zone. It was discovered that there was a high level of illegal dumping in open spaces and in the stream catchment area. The KDBA initially conducted a survey to identify and process the needs and gaps in understanding in the community.
Participation in the project was open to all members of the local community who were willing to participate.
Discussion
Partnership implementation requires leadership to champion the partnership and help the other participants achieve the project's goals. A number of factors may have been behind this reluctance, such as fear that the researcher might misuse the information, political mistrust and a lack of understanding of the importance of the study for society. There is a general understanding of the environment, although most still focus on the biophysical aspects when referring to the environment.
Although men were involved in cleaning, very few participated in the continuous management of the watershed through gardening.
Facilities and services
Part C of Questionnaire A (see Appendix I) focused on the participation of community members in stream management. It was found that some of the respondents are able to support their families with the food and income they generate from gardening. Although to a very limited extent, this contributes to the socio-economic circumstances of the community.
In both areas studied, the communities were not satisfied with the contribution of the local authorities, criticizing the poor communication channels between them and the authorities.
Classification in terms of partnership models
- Initiation phase
- Resourcing leverage partnerships
- Executing leverage partnerships
- Closing leverage partnerships
The preparation for the implementation of the project took a period of more than eight months. This also illustrates the shared resource aspects and the interdependence between the partners in the partnership. By incorporating these resources, KDI was able to achieve the project's goals and objectives.
Achieving the project's goals is a gateway to getting sponsors for future proposed initiatives.
Implications and recommendations of the study
Given the background and status of the community, an extension of the two partnerships to provide further assistance would be beneficial. Human Needs, Resources and the Environment Report (HNRE) 63, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Natal, Durban. Local meetings Cleaning your river Cleaning the open space Rehabilitation of parks.
What do you think needs to be done for the best future in the management of these resources in your area.
APPENDIX 2
GENERAL
Are you aware of the activities that take place along the river and its catchment in this community. What has the local authority done to improve the quality of the river in this area.
