AIR QUALITY WEEK 2016
5 - 7 OCTOBER | MBOMBELA
for their contributions to making the 2016 National Association for Clean Air Conference a great success:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 CONFERENCE
OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR CLEAN AIR
5 – 7 October 2016 Emnotweni Arena Government Boulevard Riverside Park Exit 1 Nelspruit
First Edition Copyright: October 2016
Conference Proceedings ISBN: 978-0-620-70646-9
Conference Secretariat
National Association for Clean Air 17 Riverview
Brakfontein Road The Reeds
Centurion
+27 71 683 9770
www.naca.org.za
WELCOME MESSAGE
Dear Colleagues and Members of the South African Air Quality Fraternity,
It is my pleasure and great privilege to welcome you, on behalf of the NACA organising committee, to Mbombela for the 2016 NACA conference. The theme for this year’s conference is “Beyond Air Quality”.
Since NACA started in 1968, the Air Quality landscape in South Africa has moved to being beyond purely air quality. The focus for air quality managers, regulators and researchers has expanded from the requirements of the atmospheric pollution prevention act of 1965, which focused primarily on controlling large point emissions, to the framework set by the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act which includes aspects of health impacts, air quality / climate interactions, and the impacts on the ambient environment.
For 48 years, NACA has played an important role in promoting the cause for clean air in South Africa. We are primarily an organisation that is active in the spheres of accumulating and disseminating information and facilitating opportunities for engagement and the exchange of ideas. One of the key roles of NACA is to act as a channel through which public and industrial opinions concerning air pollution can be communicated to regulatory authorities and as a channel for the regulatory community to communicate with industry, consultancies and researchers. I would, therefore, like to welcome conference participants from industry,
consultancies, from the regulatory authorities, from academia, from NGOs and everyone else with an interest in clean air in South Africa. Thank you for helping us fulfil our role as an organisation. I hope you take this opportunity to share ideas and to build new relationships.
We have been very fortunate that there has been a great interest in this year’s conference.
Through our strict peer review process, 30 papers were selected for oral presentations and several abstracts were selected for the poster sessions. I ask all participants to engage with the posters and discuss the science being presented.
It is through our engagement with the science that is being presented here and engaging with each other, that we can generate the contacts and linkages that will move us beyond air quality.
Dr Gregor Feig President
National Association for Clean Air
COMMITTEES
The organising committee would like to thank all those who gave their time and effort in the various aspects of the conference organisation.
2016 Local Organising Committee
Agnes Makau Louise Mollentze Thabang Tshobeni Beverley Terry Stuart Piketh Roelof Burger Harold Annegarn Gregor Feig Caradee Wright
Conference Organisers
Mongoose Communications & Design (Pty) Ltd.
Scientific Review Committee
Papers submitted for oral presentation were subject to a scientific review process by two reviewers. The National Association for Clean Air wishes to thank the review committee for their efforts and time:
Chairperson of the Scientific Review Committee Professor Stuart John Piketh
North-West University
Dr Joseph Adesina North-West University Dr Katye Altieri
University of Cape Town Prof Harold Annegarn
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Dr Johan Paul Beukes North-West University Dr Stephen Broccardo North-West University Dr Roelof Burger North-West University Dr Gregor Feig CSIR
Prof Patricia Forbes University of Pretoria Mr Gerhard Fourie EnviroNgaka CC Dr Rebecca Garland CSIR
Dr Micky Josipovic North-West University Dr Gerrit Kornelius University of Pretoria Dr Kristy Langerman Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd Dr Lisa Ramsay
WSP Environmental Prof Hannes Rautenbach South African Weather Service Dr James Tshilongo
National Metrology Institute of South Africa Dr Martin van Nierop
Gondwana Environmental Solutions Dr Pieter van Zyl
North-West University Dr Andrew Venter North-West University Dr Caradee Wright
South African Medical Research Council
LIST OF EXHIBITORS
Agreenco Environmental Projects (Pty) Ltd www.agreenco.co.za | 018 285 7317 Airshed Planning Professionals www.airshed.co.za | 011 805 1940 C&M Consulting Engineers
www.airpolguys.com | 012 803 5124 Ero Electronic SA Pty Ltd
www.eroelectronic.co.za | 011 869 1101 Exito Environmental Projects
www.exitosa.co.za | 084 200 0766 GIBB (Pty) Ltd
www.gibb.co.za | 082 305 0599 Levego
www.levego.co.za | 011 608 4148
National Metrology Institute of South Africa www.nmisa.org | 012 841 4152
SI Analytics
www.sianalytics.co.za | 011 444 7809 Testo South Africa
www.testo.co.za | 011 380 8060 uMoya-NILU Consulting
www.umoya-nilu.co.za | 031 262 3265
2016 NACA NATIONAL
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
5 - 7 OCTOBER 2016
Emnotweni Arena, Mbombela
Wednesday, 5 October 2016
MULTI-STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP 08:30 - 09:00 Registration & Refreshments
09:00 - 09:10 Welcome by the session Chair,
Dr Thuli Khumalo, Department of Environmental Affairs
09:10 - 09:40 Presentation on Government Evidence Based policy-making initiative, Mr Peter Lukey, Department of Environmental Affairs
09:40 - 10:10 National Air Quality Research Strategy,
Dr Patience Gwaze, Department of Environmental Affairs 10:10 - 10:30 Discussions, Q & A
10:30 - 11:00 Mid-morning Refreshments 11:00 - 11:05 Welcome by the session Chair,
Mr Trevor Mphahlele, Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism
11:05 - 11:30 National Norms and Standards for Air Quality Monitoring, Dr Patience Gwaze, Department of Environmental Affairs 11:30 - 12:00 National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Strategy,
Mr Tsietsi Mahema, Department of Environmental Affairs 12:00 - 12:30 Discussions, Q & A
12:30 - 12:35 Announcements and Closure
12:35 – 14:00 Lunch & NACA Conference Registration WORKSHOP
14:00 - 16:00 Sasol and Eskom Sponsored Deposition Workshop Arena A, Emnotweni Arena
16:00 Mid-afternoon Refreshments
COCKTAIL
16:30 - Late Agreenco Environmental Projects Ice-Breaker Cocktail Arena B, Emnotweni Arena
Thursday, 6 October 2016
07:30 - 08:30 Registration & Refreshments Opening Plenary
Session Chair: Dr Gregor Feig 08:30 - 08:40 Welcome by NACA President
Dr Gregor Feig
08:40 - 09:00 Feedback from DEA Lekgotla
Dr Thuli Khumalo, Chief Director: Air Quality Management 09:00 - 09:05 Introduction to the keynote speaker
Ms Gabi Mkhatshwa, Manager, Air Quality, Climate Change & Ecosystem Management, Eskom 09:05 - 09:45 “Fighting for the Right to Clean Air in Court: A European and Global Perspective”,
Mr Alan Andrews, Lawyer, Health and Environment Clean Air Project Leader, ClientEarth, (United Kingdom)
09:45 - 10:05 Air Quality Indicators from the Environmental Performance Index:
Potential Use and Limitations for South Africa Rebecca Garland
10:05 - 10:25 Clean Air for Cities: A Southern African Perspective and Opportunities, Reporting back on the 17th World Clean Air Congress
Dr Hanlie Liebenberg-Enslin
10:25 – 11:00 Mid-morning Refreshments - Exhibition and Poster Viewing Session 1A – Monitoring – Arena A
Session Chair: Dr Thuli Khumalo (DEA)
11:00 - 11:20 Atmospheric Methane Characterisation over the South African Interior Gregor Feig
11:20 - 11:40 Understanding Ground-Level Ozone Pollution in the City of Johannesburg from 2004-2011
Nadine Borduas
11:40 - 12:00 Stability Study of Hydrogen Sulphide Reference Gas Mixtures Nompumelelo Leshabane
12:00 - 12:20 The State of South Africa’s Air Quality Monitoring Network, and its Air Quality Eugene Cairncross
12:20 – 12:40 Simulating Mesoscale Features over the Waterberg Region, South Africa Maluta Mbedzi
Thursday, 6 October 2016 (continued)
Session 1B – General – Arena B
Session Chair: Dr Kristy Langerman (Eskom)
11:00 - 11:20 A Comparison of Dustfall Rates Between Wet- and Dry-Prepared Buckets Elanie Van Staden
11:20 - 11:40 Lichen Biomonitors for Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Patricia Forbes
11:40 - 12:00 Seasonal Variation of Major Aerosol Types over Skukuza as Inferred from Sunphotometer Measurements
Joseph Adesina
12:00 - 12:20 Characterizing Lightning NOx Production over South Africa Bathobile Maseko
12:20 – 12:40 Characterising the Impact of Rainfall on Dustfall Rates Jared Lodder
12:40 - 13:30 Lunch
Session 2 – Health Impacts – Arena A Session Chair: Dr Caradee Wright (MRC)
13:30 - 13:50 Assessing the Health Benefits of Attaining and Strengthening Ambient Air Quality Standards in Cape Town
Samantha Keen
13:50 - 14:10 Potential for Domestic Biogas as Household Energy Supply in South Africa Sunset Msibi
14:10 - 14:30 Health Impact Assessment of Intenventions to Reduce Residential Solid Fuel Burning:
Challenges and Considerations Farina Lindeque
14:30 - 14:50 BenMAP as a Tool for Analysing the Health Benefits of Reductions in Ambient Air Pollution in South Africa
Katye Altieri
14:50 – 15:20 Mid-afternoon Refreshments - Exhibition and Poster Viewing Session 3 – Indoor Pollution – Arena A
Session Chair: Dr Rebecca Garland (CSIR)
15:20 - 15:40 Practical Considerations in the Developments of an Air Quality Offsets Programme Kristy Langerman
15:40 - 16:00 Personal Exposure to Particulate Matter in Indoor and Outdoor Micro-Environments in Kwadela, Mpumalanga, South Africa
Bianca Wernecke
16:00 - 16:20 Human Health Risk Assessment from Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in an Area where Coal is used as Energy Carrier
Riëtha Oosthuizen
16:20 - 16:40 Estimating Air Pollution Impacts from Offsetting Projects:
Case Study of the Kwazamokuhle Pilot Project Christiaan Pauw
16:40 - 17:00 Continuous Trace Gas Monitoring at Cape Point Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Station:
South Africa Thumeka Mkololo
17:15 - 19:00 NACA Annual General Meeting INFORMAL BRAAI
19:00 - Late Informal Braai
Gardens & Pool Area of the Southern Sun Emnotweni Hotel
Thursday, 6 October 2016 (continued)
08:00 - 08:30 Tea & Coffee Refreshments Session 4 – Emissions – Arena A Session Chair: Dr Patience Gwaze (DEA)
08:30 - 08:50 Towards a Detailed On-Road Vehicle Emissions Inventory:
The use of a Travel Demand Model Mogesh Naidoo
08:50 - 09:10 Estimating Measurement Uncertainty for Particulate Emissions from Stationary Sources Gerald Woollatt
09:10 - 09:30 Towards the Development of a GHG Emissions Baseline for the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) Sector, South Africa
Aidan Henri
09:30 - 09:50 Quantifying Emissions of Fine Particulate Matter from Domestic Burning in Low-Income South African Townships
Ncobile Nkosi
09:50 - 10:10 The Development of a Traffic and Industrial Emissions Inventory for the South Durban Cumulative Model
Amber Sunderland
10:10 - 10:30 Mid-morning Refreshments - Exhibition and Poster Viewing Session 5 – Emissions – Arena A
Session Chair: Bianca Wernecke (Eskom)
10:30 - 10:50 Influence of Combustion Phases on Gaseous and Particle Emissions in a Residential Coal-Burning Brazier
Daniel Masekameni
10:50 - 11:10 Provisional Findings of Atmospheric Emissions from Clamp Kilns in the South African Clay Brick Industry
Oladapo Akinshipe
11:10 - 11:30 Mercury Emissions from the Power Sector in South Africa Monray Belelie
11:30 – 11:50 Size Distribution of Nano Particles from Residential Fixed-Bed Coal Combustion Tafadzwa Makonese
11:50 – 12:10 South African Integrated Carbon Observation Network (SA-ICON):
CO2 Measurements on Land, Atmosphere and Ocean Gregor Feig
12:10 - 12:30 Awards for Best Papers Announcement of NACA 2017 CLOSING
12:30 Lunch
Friday, 7 October 2016
“Eskom’s mandate is to provide electricity in an efficient and sustainable manner, including its generation, transmission, and distribution and sales. Eskom is a critical and strategic contributor to the South African government’s goal of security of electricity supply in the country as well as economic growth and prosperity.
It is Eskom’s mission to provide sustainable electricity solutions to grow the economy and improve the quality of life of the people in South Africa and the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Sustainability at Eskom refers to providing affordable energy and related services through the integration and consideration of economic development, environmental quality and social equity into business practices in order to continually improve performance and underpin development.
Eskom’s commitment to its environmental duty of care is based on:
· its purpose to provide sustainable electricity solutions to grow the economy and to improve the quality of life of people in South Africa and the region,
· its value of zero harm and
· its strategic objective of reducing Eskom’s environmental footprint and pursuing low carbon growth opportunities”