(SOUTH AFRICA)
By
Nosisa Matjekane
Mini dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Development, in the School of Leadership,
Faculty of Management Sciences and Law University of Limpopo
December 2006
Supervisor: Choshi S.P.
DECLARATION
I, Nosisa Matjekane, hereby declare that this dissertation submitted to the University of Limpopo for the degree of Masters of Development, in the Turfloop Graduate School of Leadership, Faculty of Management Sciences and Law, has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other university. I further declare that this is my work and all material contained herein has been duly acknowledged.
___________________________ ____________
Nosisa Matjekane Date
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The writing of a research is a difficult task, which requires time, effort and commitment. I would like to thank all the wonderful people who made a contribution to the successful writing of this study. These include my family, friends and colleagues whose ideas and support cannot be undermined. To my colleagues some of the help was to some extent a service well beyond the call of duty. I am grateful to everyone who contributed both officially and unofficially to inspiring me to accomplish my vision.
My supervisor, Mr Sam Choshi, for continually reminding me to get out of the way, because ‘I alone could do nothing”, I truly could not complete this without you.
I would also like to thank the project members from both villages involved for their co-operation without which this study would not have been successful.
May God bless all of you guys.
DEDICATION
I dedicate this dissertation to all rural communities in the Limpopo Province
who are involved in Sustainable Livelihoods Programmes and those who would
like to implement the Sustainable Livelihoods Programme in future.
ACRONYMS
ABET Adult Basic Education and Training CBO Community Based Organisations CBPWP Community Based Public Works Programme
CMIP Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Programme EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
FCCF First Country Cooperation Framework GNP Gross National Product
HDI Human Development Index HPI Human Poverty Index
LEDF Local Economic Development Fund MIG Municipal Infrastructure Grant NGO’s Non- government Organisations NHDR National Human Development Report PGDS Provincial Government and Development Strategy PRSP’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
RSA Republic of South Africa
SLA Sustainable Livelihoods Approach SLP Sustainable Livelihoods Programme SPSS Special Programme for Social Sciences UNDP United Nations Development Programme
Declaration i
Acknowledgements ii Dedication iii
Acronyms iv
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Problem Statement 3 1.3 Research Questions 3 1.4 Aim and Objectives 4 1.5 Motivation for the Study 4 1.6 Significance of the Study 5 1.7 Limitation of the Study 5 1.8 Dissemination 6 1.9 Ethical Consideration 6 1.10 Structure 7
CHAPTER TWO
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Study Design/ Research Design 10 2.3 Area of Study 10
2.4 Unit of Analysis and Sources of Data 11 2.5 Data Collection Methods 11 2.6 Data Analysis 12
CHAPTER THREE
A REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMME IN THE CONTEXT OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
3.1 Introduction 13 3.2 Conceptual Framework 13 3.3 Sustainable Livelihoods Strategies and Policy 14
Approaches
3.4 Sustainable Livelihoods Approach: Challenges 17 to its Applications 3.5 Sustainable Livelihoods and Women 19 3.6 Conclusion 20
CHAPTER FOUR
THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE
4.1 Introduction 21 4.2 The Sustainable Livelihoods Programme in the 22
Limpopo Province
4.2.1 Focus of the Programme 22 4.2.2 Training 22 4.2.3 Funding 23 4.2.4 Poverty 23 4.2.5 Target Areas/ Beneficiaries 24 4.2.6 Selection Criteria/ Eligibility criteria 25 4.3 Description of Target Communities 26 4.3.1 Buffelshoek 26
4.3.4 Dikgale 30 4.3.5 Muila 31 4.3.6 Makosha 33 4.3.7 Mbaula 34 4.4 Conclusion 36 CHAPTER FIVE
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME AND PROJECTS IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE
5.1 Introduction 37 5.2 Project background 37 5.2.1 Beneficiaries 38 5.2.2 Objectives 38 5.2.3 Management 39 5.2.4 Operation 40 5.3. Project Description and analysis 42 5.3.1 Characteristics of the project members 42 5.3.2 Socio-Economic Environment of project beneficiaries 45 5.3.3 Analysis of projects under study 48 5.3.3.1 Year of project establishment and change 48
of membership
5.3.3.2 Respondents understanding of project objectives 48 5.3.3.3 Respondents’ Portfolio in the projects 49 5.3.3.4 Respondents’ Assessment of project Impact 49 5.3.3.5 Main project expenditures 51 5.3.3.6 Project targets beneficiaries 51 5.3.3.7 Sense of project ownership among members 52 5.3.3.8 Project sustainability challenges 53 5.4 Conclusion 54
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Introduction 55 6.2. Conclusion 55 6.3 Recommendations 55
Bibliography 59
Annexure 1 Questionnaires for the Project Beneficiaries 63 Annexure 2 Maps of the Study Area 71
