The obstruents will embrace stops and continuants. The registers will be divided into plosives and affricates. It should be noted, however, that only those features that are common to all sounds in a natural class are used, and the redundant features are ignored. · The only feature, I+nasal.
AIMS AND SCOPE OF THIS STUDY
When two sounds immediately follow each other, they affect each other in two different ways, which can be described as assimilation and dissimilation. Meinhof cites assimilation and dissimilation as the only two main phonological processes that occur as a result of the juxtaposition of two speech sounds.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
In the above examples, the alveolar nasal is assimilated into the palatal sound that precedes it. In Southern Sotho, according to them, it is due to the nasal prefi~ [nJ from den.
INTRODUCTION
THE INFLUENCE ON.PLOSIVES
Amplification occurs, the bilabial nasal causes the aspirated bilabial explosive to become a voiceless ejective bilabial.
When a voiceless aspirated velar explosive ~hl is preceded by an alveolar nasal 0], the latter changes to ~] and the former to [}:J. In the aforementioned examples, the alveolar nasal [nJ is partially assimilated by labio-dental fricative [fJ.
S ~oot1n~"'1 +strident
The feature l:!o~above distinguishes radical fricatives from fricatives ( I+ continuant, +strident/ ), which are voiced because voiceless fricatives are neither aspirated nor ejective. The voiced labio-dental fricative (YJ changes to a voiced labio-dental affricate ~~ when it follows the nasal.
Rule 1: ~J~) ~V-tJ
The functional specifications (F-S) of the change of the alveolar nasal ~ can also be illustrated as follows:. He says, for example, that the aspirated velar explosive ~~ usually occurs in the first syllable of the word. If it occurs on another syllable, it is due to the assimilation of /khJ in the first syllable.
In the above examples we have noted the occurrence of the insertion rule or epenthesis in the order of [nJ + ~J where. When we look at the sequence of [n:] + ~ with aspirated clicks and plosives, the opposite of the above occurs. This is of course true, but on the other hand, the sequence of nasal prefix ~] and a fricative can also result in affricatization; e.g.~] + ~J ~~f.l.
With the devoiced velar plosive CfJ, the following happens because of the preceding nasal prefix.
The alveolar nasal then changes its place of articulation to become a labio-dental nasal, i.e. labialization. As a result of nasal strengthening, the voiced alveolar nasal [nJ causes the voiceless radical alveolar fricative [sJ] to become fortis Le.
Rule 1: EtJ~)~J /- CsJ
In Chapter 2 it has been mentioned that Xhosa "j" will be considered in this work as a voiced alveo-palatal affricate ~:J, thus described in the same way as Louw and Zi~l do. In the above examples, the alveo-palatal affricate ~3:J partially assimilates the nasal prefix [?], and the latter changes to an. In the above examples, Nasal Strengthening causes the alveolar lateral non-fricative continuant to change to a voiced alveolar explosive ~J' and thus Plosivation.
The alveolar nasal prefix [~ tends to change place of articulation as a result of the phcceeding consonant. When the voiceless radical dental click ((J follows a sound. alveolar nasal fOJ, it will happen as follows:. In the above examples, the alveolar nasal [nJ is partially assimilated into the click sound and the first changes to a velar nasal OJ ] .
When nasal augmentation occurs, the radical alveopalatal click [!] changes to a voiced alveopalatal click I:!.~.
Rule 2: ~] ~) ~o/GJ-
S -I·-n-asal~
SUMHARY
- THE TABLE 01" SOUNDS AND DESCRIPTION
In the Xhosa language we have already noted that the phonological processes shown by the juxtaposition of the nasal prefix [nJ and the following consonant are also nasal assimilation and strengthening. All Xhosa fricatives that are lazy are so strengthened by the nasal prefix [~ that they lose the quality of continuants and become affricates (which are of course forte). Xhosa fortes can be voiceless or voiced depending on the consonant following the nasal prefix.
The fricative sounds of the Xhosa language are accompanied by a nasal prefix [nJ. The fact that Xhosa has a similar sound pattern to Zulu is also demonstrated when all aspirated sounds become unaspirated after a nasal. The nasal prefix change [':1] is also similar to that occurring in Zulu.
All fricatives with the exception of [hJ] become affricates if they are preceded by a nasal prefix [til.
INTROOUCTION
Such sounds are called voice sounds and are illustrated by the sounds spelled b, d, g and z in the words bad, god, dog, zebra and buzz. If you put a finger in each ear and say "z-z-z-z-z," you can feel the vibrations of the sound as it passes through the vibrating vocal cords. J but this [m] does not appear in this discussion because it is not derived from class 9 nasal prefix.
In Southern Sotho, as in Zulu and Xhosa, the sequence of nasal prefix + any consonant results in Nasalization, i.e. We have already noted in the last two chapters that the sequence of [~ + [c] results in Nasal Strengthening which generates Plosivization and/or Affricatization. Apart from what is mentioned above, all voiced sounds in Southern Sotho, especially plosives, fricatives and liquids are lenses which become strong when accompanied by a nasal prefix. This nasal prefix can also change the place of articulation.
This is observed, among other things, in the following examples: .. fubedu) lOenfubedu) *engubedu) *enkgubedu} e kgubedu [~ kXhUb~dul.
Rule 1: [;1-~) ~Y[hJ
When the alveolar nasal [nJ is followed by a voiced bibial plosive [bJ, the following occurs: ". When Nasal Strengthening occurs, the voiced alveolar plosive becomes a voiceless ejective alveolar plosive. With the voiced alyeo-palatal fricative ~J precedes from an alveolar nasal [~, we note these phonological changes.
In Zulu and Xhosa we realized that the alveolar nasal [nJ is not affected by the following alveolar consonant. When Nasal Strengthening occurs in the above examples, the radical alveolar fricative [~ changes to an aspirated alveolar affricate [!s~ , hence the process of Affricatization. In the above examples, the voiceless radical labio-dental fricative [rJ partially assimilates the alveolar nasal.
When Nasal Strengthening occurs, the labio-dental fricative ~fJ changes to a voiceless aspiration bilabial plosive ~~, hence Plosivation.
Nasal strengthening also occurs without assimilation when the voiced alveolar rolled alive [~ follows a nasal prefix [nJ. The alveolar nasal ~:Jstrengthens the voiced alveolar rolled alive [rJ such that the latter changes into a voiceless aspirated alveolar explosive I.!~. If the alveolar nasal prefix [?] precedes another alveolar nasal, both sounds do not change because neither Assimilation nor Nasal Strengthening occurs.
Here the alveolar nasal [nJ is completely assimilated into the velar nasal ~3], and the former becomes identical with the latter, i.e. the bilabial nasal ~J assimilates the preceding alveolar nasal (?J completely and the latter changes into a bilabial nasal, therefore Labialization Southern Sotho has on].y borrowed one type of click, namely: The alveo-palatal click OJ and .its.
The palata-alveolar click [I] partly acillates the alveolar nasal [~ retrogressively and the latter changes to a velar nasal.
Rule 1: [til - - ~J
SUMMARY
As already mentioned in chapter 2 that nasal reinforcement causes alenis to become a fortis, we therefore note that the South Sotho fortes are all voiceless sounds. When voiced consonants are identical in South Sotho, they both remain unchanged and the first syllabic becomes Le. All fricative sounds turn into stops (explosives and/or affricates) when following the [nJ The . fricatives, except that &J and I!J become affricates.
When ~J and ~J ' are eliminated, voiceless fricatives become breathed affricates when followed by nasal prefixes [~. Liquids become explosive after [?J. . turns into a voiceless nasal click. TILE TABLE OF SOUNDS AND DESCRIPTION .. b voiced bilabial plosive p l!~ voiceless ejective bilabial plosive .. d [d] voiced alveolar plosive t [}J voiceless ejective alveolar plosive Fricatives . f [fJ voiceless radical labio-dental fricative ph ~~ voiceless aspirated bilabial plosive s [sJ voiceless radical alveolar fricative tsh ~s~ voiceless aspirated alveolar affricative hl [4] voiceless radical alveolar lateral fricative tlh IIlB voiceless aspirated alveolar lateral .. sh m voiceless radical alveo-palatal fricative ie ~S£] voiceless aspirated alveo-palatal affricative j ~J voiced alveo-palatal fricative ie ~S~ voiceless ejective alveo-palatal affricative h I}] voiced glottal fricative kg [Ex~ voiceless aspirated velar affricative .. voiced alveolar lateral non-fricative continuant . sounding alveolar contorted perky nasals. In the case of plosives, we can conclude that those that are voiced become voiceless ejectives and neither gpentesis nor consonants.
- CONCLUSION; fINOINGS AND RECOHHENOATIONS
- FINDINGS
- RECOMMENDATIONS
Assimilation and Nasal Strengthening are therefore considered to be the main phonological processes that generate sub-phenomena when the nasal prefix [~ precedes a consonant in Zulu, Xhosa and Southern Sotho. When we compare the sound pattern of Zulu with that of Xhosa, we realize that the two sound patterns are almost the same, in the order of the nasal prefix [~ and a following consonant. The sound pattern of Southern Sotho differs from the sound patterns of Zulu and Xhosa in that in the order of 0] + [cJ' the resulting sound change CLe.
This is a phonological phenomenon in which a sound that is not articulated in the labia becomes so influenced that it changes its place of articulation and becomes a labial sound, i.e. Nasal strengthening or hardening results in the formation of explosives (an umbrella term for explosives and implosives). and affricates. In the second example of Zulu/Kosa and the last example of Southern Soto above, we notice that plosivation has occurred, even though the sounds before the change are explosive because we consider the final sound (Zulu/Kosa: @~~I!:J ; s. see [b] ~I!'J) which is. plosive in each of these languages.
Affricatization is a phonological process where a nasal, ~] or [~ causes a following consonant to change from a lenis to a fortis in the form of an affricate. of a stopping sound and a friction.
