A contribution to the study of African native cattle

1n <'Oncl usio11, 11·e "·ish to Pxpress onr in de btedn es~ Yarion Arlministries officials for their operation in compiling the r1ata. Then at the end of the Keolithic era: there entered Egypt Lo1 from Asia.Iu main subdivision , the presence or absence of the hump, regardless of situation and structure, i:> the detenining feature.

Of the two schemes, the form seems to be more appropriate, ie. This point is emphasized because one of us (R.W.T.) considers the color of the coat, especially white, as an important point in the relationship between native cattle species. The most accurate possible description of the livestock of this region is desirable, including the breed listor or specific origin.

Special information "·at the request of six of the African territories and of each of the extra-African territories. The types of breeds recognized in each country, with details of the horns and humps.

CHAPTEH II

34; seen in the desert near the coast of the Mediterranean to the north-west of the Delta". What probably happened is that the cattle of Egypt formerly (up to a few centuries ago) were generally of the Sanga type; of the private Compagnie Pastorale is the livestock trade in the hands of the Hausas.

Two interesting maps appear in the Annual Report of the V ete1·inary Depm·tvwnt jo1· 1934. As shown in Map II, the cattle are of the Shorthornecl Zebu type and according to Mr. These cattle are of the same type as found in the neighboring districts of the Sudan.

The main residential area in the Chobe District is the right bank of the Chobe River. Due to the sandy nature of the land, livestock is otherwise kept off the highway. Under these circumstances the interest of the Bechuanaland Protectorate government in the cattle trade can be well understood.

As will be seen from MaJ II, the cattle of Swaziland are of the Zulu subtype.

CHAPTER III

It is not widely known that of the 186 million cattle in Asia, India owns the largest number at 167 million. From the appearance of the animal and from the history of the breeders, it is quite certain that this breed originated from the Kankrej. B1·ee<1-ers. -The breeding of this breed is in the hands of a professional Mahomedan breeder, who, just like the breeder of the Sindhi>.

Availability.-The breed, though extensively bred, seldom finds its way far from its natural home, owing to the nature of the country. As a Dmught and Ll(ilch animal.-The size, hardiness and general conformity and milking qualities make this breed one of the most serviceable in India. White cattle with pigmented skins are found not only in India but also in ' l'anganyika , north of the Central Railway (Singida cattle) and Nigeria (white Fulani cattle).

General.-This breed originated in Lebanon and was mostly bred by peasants in the villages of Lebanon, especially around Beyrouth. The back has .a bro.acl white line from the harl (usually the line begins a little behind the ned:) to the brush of the tail. Ears, hooves, etc., are pigmented, dark or less dark according to the main color of the animal.

When Hammond (1932) in the report on cattle breeding on the above-mentioned islands describes certain conditions of interest also to veterinarians in Africa, attention is drawn to the fact that four problems were investigated in Jamaica. a) The characters of the original stock and their possibilities of improvement by selection. Caracu and Mocha are carefully selected and bred by the Federal Government of the State of Sao Paulo. It is being preserved in many of the states in the hinterland outside the sphere of the exotic breeds which have been imported.

This first settlement of black cattle was shipped in the port of San Lucas by the pioneer planter of the Rio de la Plata, Don Juan de Sanabria. The black cattle brought by the pioneers from the Rio de la Plata belong to the Andalusian or Iberian Sanson breed. 'Criollo' cattle are still largely reared in many of the provinces where there is little change in grazing or where it is only slowly improving.

CHAPTER IV

All migrations passed through Nmde-East Africa, mainly Egypt, except the Short-horned Ebo, which was also introduced along the east coast of Africa as far south as the Zambesi River. In this case, a dot represents 1,000 head of cattle in his card l. 11) Apart from the distribution being indicated in Map II, the position is summarized at the end of the description of each migration, e.g. 12) Although only of secondary consideration the information presented in the contribution may be useful to anthropologists. It is therefore hoped from an anthropological aspect that the evidence provided by the migration routes and current distribution will be at least as valuable as that obtained from other branches of science, especially the study of human types including cranial measurements , blood types, languages, customs. , cutlery, etc. 13).

West Africa and the result of the admixture of Brachyceros and Hamitic Longhorn in one case (Mandingo), and Brachyceros and the thoracic humped Zebu in the other. 17) Finally, the reproduced photographs are the most comprehensive series published to date. Although the original intent of the questionnaire was to investigate the relationship between certain African and extra-African cattle, on the basis of conformation or color, recent independent observations, mainly by Epstein, preclude the need to proceed in this direction. . However, out of interest, a summary of the situation in the countries concerned has been provided.

Cattle populations o£ the various African areas In addition to the spaces below, the following details are available in relation to areas not included in the Appendix, i.a. The l\loorish or Gabaruye Zebu (Lire-horn), with the same general characteristics of the Peulhe Zebu. The Fogha Zebu, apparently the subtype that shows the most distinctive features generally recognized as that of the Shorthorn Zebu.

A Bambara or Mande bull, described by Pietre as the result of the Zebu-Brachyceros cross, but apparently a representative.' of the Sanga type. It will be seen that the animal's hump on the right is prominent, but this is not the case in Sanga cattle when grazing. 34;Note compact body and short and thick limbs, the hump completely resembling that of the bulls of the Italian faenza race, which also belongs to Bos tattnt.s Asiatic•tts, that is, not so drooping. and detached like that of the Zebu bull or African bull; its dewlap of medium size, and quite different from that of the Afrikaner or Zebu; its profile relatively rectilinear (in all breeds, masculinity tends to make the front line more convex, but in animals with a rectilinear profile);.

Sheppard Cruz comments on this photo "undoubtedly a specimen of Bos taurus asiatic1ts or /los dese1·torum (Fitzi nger) or "Stepperind (Brehm)". The conformation of the skull in particular resembles the S