Designing Equitable FOUNDATIONS for Open Knowledge
The Journey of Open Access Journals at UKZN:
Freedom, e/Quality & Access
Prof. Johannes A. Smit
International Open Access Week ‘18
Contents
0 Introduction
1Conceptual Framework and Methodology – Ascending History of the
Present (or, lines of intellectual ascent – actually quite complexsystems of networks of thought)
Examples
A – Anton Lembede
B – The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR 10 December 1948) C – The Freedom Charter (Kliptown 1955)
2 1989:- Berner Lee’s Internet Design Diagram (30 Yrs ago) 3 1994/ 1996:- The Birth of the Rainbow Nation
4 1998:- Public Knowledge Project (PKP) - The Source of Open Journal Systems (OJS) (20 Yrs ago)
5 2001 - The Open Journal Systems (OJS)
6 2008 – 2012 - The SABINET Scanning of ALL SA Scholarly Journals, etc
International Open Access Week ‘18
Contents
72016 - Ms Faith Bhengu and Prof Carol Bertram linking up with ASSAf
82017 - ASSAf training of around 30 Journal editors at UKZN – June 2017
92018 - Downloading of OJS3 and Start of setting up of OJS UKZN - 1 October 2018
10 Conclusion
Oooooooo00000oooooooO
International Open Access Week ‘18 0 Introduction
Vignette
Funded by the former Unviersity Durban-
Westville, Study in Utrecht, which I could use as a base, funded by Stichting Studiefonds, as well as the Christian-Jewish Alliance ...
Leo Baechk and Cambridge, and in the US, the Context Group, also bringing me in
contact with scholars across the humanities interested in and engaged in forms of
contextual research ... Especially forms of
exploitation, repression and ...
International Open Access Week ‘18 0 Introduction
12017 lecture
Three Major Focuses in Discourse/ Epistemic Development – in terms of the HOW, of:
- Capacity Development - Communication
- Knowledge-Power systems/ and K-P Blocs
Application: mostly in terms of the creation of the www., the
arrival of the PC, Social Media, and related smart technologies, also a little glimpse at our participation, related to some of the
developments around the journal Alternation, and related
scholarly journals; and our ASSAf training on the OJS system
International Open Access Week ‘18
1 Conceptual Framework and Methodology (The What?)
1.1 Ascendant history, into OPENNESS, i.e. of South Africa as a free country, OR: Lines of intellectual ascent, or ascending lines, or networks and patterns of intellectual, conceptual and knowledge production towards freedom, and openness
Our Affirmative Genealogy of Freedom, of dignity, of openness, of social equality, of equal social justice for ALL (both men and
women), and of the collective Constructive Engagement of Social Transformation
str
Constructive engagement of our historical ontology of the
PRESENT, tracing its ascending and continuing emerging building
blocks, moving to a universalizing Statist/ or Rainbow Nation idea ..
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
1 Conceptual Framework and Methodology
CHALLENGING CLOSEDNESS - JUST 3 BRIEF EXAMPLES
• A – in 1943, the budding young intellectual, Anton Lembede, South African activist and founding president of the African
National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)
The African ... regards Civilization [World Culture] as the common heritage of all Mankind [Humanity] and claims as full a right to make his contribution to its advancement and to live free as any White South African [South African Citizen];
further, he claims the right to all sources and agencies to enjoy rights and fulfil duties which will place him on a footing of
equality with every other South African racial [socio-cultural]
group (Congress Youth League Manifesto 1944:90)
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
CHALLENGING CLOSEDNESS - JUST 3 BRIEF EXAMPLES
• B – 5 years later, in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states, reflecting on RIGHTS and FREEDOMS, OPENING ALL PEOPLE TO EQUALITY
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, …
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of mutual humanity [brotherhood and sisterhood].
....
Article 26
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, ….
Note: On 10 December 2018 we shall celebrate 70 Years of the UDHR (10 December 1948)
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
The UNIVERSAL Perspective of the UDHR
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
CHALLENGING CLOSEDNESS - JUST 3 BRIEF EXAMPLES
• C – 7 years later, in 1955, the Freedom Charter (Kliptown), states: We the People of South Africa, declare for ALL our country and the World to know ... 10 ARTICLES ...
ARTICLE 8, is titled: THE DOORS OF LEARNING AND OF CULTURE SHALL BE OPENED! And then says:
• The government shall discover, develop and encourage rational talent for the enhancement of our cultural life
• All the cultural treasures of humanity shall open to ALL by free exchange of books, ideas, and contacts with other lands;
• ALL education shall be free, compulsory and universal, and equal for all children
• All Higher education and technical education shall be opened ...
• All Adult illiteracy shall be ended
•Teachers shall have the rights of other citizens
• The colour bar in cultural life, in sport, and in education shall be
abolished
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
The SOUTH AFRICAN Perspective of the FREEDOM
CHARTER
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
The UNIVERSAL Perspective of the UDHR ON CLOSEDNESS
1 The UDHR confronts
•“... Barberous acts which have outraged the conscience of Humanity ...’
•“... Tyranny and oppression ...”
• Where there are still discriminatory and oppressive distinctions on the basis of so-called “race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or ot4ehr status ...”.
•“... Slavery and servitude ...”
• “... Torture or cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment ...”
• “... arbitrary arrest, detention or exile ...”
•“arbitrary interference in privacy, family, home correspondence, or attacks to honours and reputation ...”
2 So the UNIVERSAL DECLARTION OF RIGHTS ARE TO COUNTER AND ELIMINATE ALL THESE AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES THAT PREVENT openness AND freedom ,AND equity, AND justice
3It is UNIVERSAL but how it is appropriated and actuated contextually-relevantly, differs from country-to-country, province-to-province, and region-to-region.
4And, with a few exceptions, all countries in the world have signed up for it, and are still signing up for it.
5Given our unequal, unfree, unjust, and violent 40 years of apartheid, South Africa
only signed up for the UDHR in 1996, after our Constitution was promulgated.
International Open Access Week ‘18
1 Conceptual Framework and Methodology
1.2 Challenge for the creation of OPEN K-P systems in the PRESENT, i.e. that benefit us and our communities on a
progressively equal basis ... And on a continuing ascending scale
CALLS for OPEN Capillary (like hair, or artery systems/ blood circulation systems) Knowledge Production and
Knowledge Dissemination Systems – utilizing eCirculation-, and, Smart eSystems, such as eJournals, to their full potential
Also allowing free access to knowledge to schools.
Latest – Social Video Revolution: YouTube; YouTube on Facebook, etc.
International Open Access Week ‘18
1 Conceptual Framework and Methodology
1.3 Melinda Gates: 18 October 2018, talked of Digital Ecosystems. We can also call them Digital Biosystems.
Think experimental Biospheres to set up colonies on Mars, etc.
1.4 Minister of Finance, Tito Mboweni: Just 2 days ago, Saturday night, 20 October 2018, at the 2
ndKader Asmal Memorial Lecture, talking amongst others, of us as
“We, the the Wi-fi generation”.
He should have said: #Wi-FiGen.
2) Berner Lee’s 1989 Internet design Diagram
...
3) 1994/ 1996 The Birth of the Rainbow Nation
4) PKP - The Source of Open Journal Systems (OJS)
PKP is a multi-university initiative developing (free) open source software and conducting
research to improve the quality and reach of
scholarly publishing
(PKP was founded in 1998, by Prof John Willinsky in the Faculty of Education at University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada,
“dedicated to improving the scholarly and public quality of research”.)
My capillary or, hair, or artery metaphor: hub/ heart with arteries … Knowledge-Power generated and circulated in and throughout the social body, both at excellent science, and popular levels
https://pkp.sfu.ca/
For us: OJS/ Crossref (the DOI-system)/ Strategic Partners/ Monograph
Series/ ...
4) PKP - The Source of Open Journal Systems
(OJS)
5) PKP - The Source of Open Journal Systems (OJS)
• OJS is open source software made freely available to journals worldwide for the
purpose of making open access publishing a viable option for more journals, as open access can increase a journal’s readership as well as its contribution to the public good on a global scale.
• OJS assists with every stage of the refereed publishing process, from submissions
through to online publication and indexing.
Through its management systems, its finely grained indexing of research, and the
context it provides for research, OJS seeks
to improve both the scholarly and public
quality of refereed research.
5) The Open Journal Systems (OJS)
OJS Features
•OJS is installed locally and locally controlled.
•Editors configure requirements, sections, review process, etc.
•Online submission and management of all content.
•Subscription module with delayed open access options.
•Comprehensive indexing of content part of global system.
•Reading Tools for content, based on field and editors’
choice.
•Email notification and commenting ability for readers.
•Complete context-sensitive online Help support.
The Capillary or, hair, or artery metaphor:– K-P networks into the farthest reaches of our province, and continent
Corresponding perspective: Power is everywhere
5) The Open Journal Systems (OJS) OJS Editorial and Publishing Process
OJS Work Flowchart
6) 2008 – 2012 - The SABINET Scanning of ALL SA Scholarly Journals,
In 2008 – 2012, SA Government approved funding for the scanning of ALL the back-issues of ALL current SA journals.
This was done by Sabinet (South African
Bibliographic Information Network), and ALL 270
journals, are available on SAePublications
International Open Access Week ‘18
72016 – SA Library Association: Ms Faith Bhengu and Prof Carol Bertram linking up with ASSAf
8ASSAf training on OJS2 of around 30 Journal editors and staff at UKZN: 24 – 25 May 2017
9Downloading of OJS3 and Start of setting up of OJS UKZN: 1 October 2018 (Mr Vicent Bonye)
10Concluding Remarks
• Libraries shift from Print-based to Digitally-based libraries
•Towards Hypertext eArticles in eJournals ... And eDiserrtations; etc. Hypertextual eMonographs
•E.g. the latest Wikipedia-software
•NRF-funding of Humanities Projects incl. IT and
programme development, s.a. algorithms, spiders,
International Open Access Week ‘18
11 Conclusion
In the presentation, I have asked that we think methodologically, in terms of our research,
scholarship and intellectual endevours, in terms of the notion of our ascendant history towards freedom, equality, and social justice.
Historically, and this is especially true for the
Human and Social Sciences, we need to fill in the very complex information, of what I have called, our affirmative genealogy of freedom, openness, etc. Our affirmative genealogy of our ontological present.
And finally ... And looking at this period of half a
rainbow, we need to constructively engage in
social transformation across our disciplines and
programme.
International Open Access Week ‘18
11 Conclusion
In concluding this presentation on Open Access, and borrowing on the rainbow metaphor, within our methodology of ... And ..., I want to make a distinction between three distinct periods, viz. 1) the period of now rainbow; 2) the period of half a rainbow, or a faint rainbow; and 3) finally, the period of the full rainbow.
... No rainbow
... Half a rainbow, or the faint rainbow,
... The Full rainbow when we arrive at radical openness, radical equality, and radical equal social justice for ALL.
•Ascendant history, into OPENNESS, i.e. of South Africa as a free country, OR: Lines of intellectual ascent, or ascending lines, or networks and patterns of intellectual, conceptual and knowledge production towards freedom, and openness
•
•Our Affirmative Genealogy of Freedom, of dignity, of openness, of social equality, of equal social justice for ALL (both men and women), and of the collective
•Constructive Engagement of
•Social Transformation
International Open Access Week ‘18
New Hypertext format - Wikipedia
International Open Access Week ‘18
And, b connected
International Open Access Week ‘18
References
•Freedom Charter 1955. Adopted at Kliptown. Available at:
http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/AD1137/AD1137-Ea6-1-001-jpeg.pdf.
(Accessed on 21 October 2018.)
•Foucault, M. [1997] 2003. Society must be Defended: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975 – 1976. New York: Picador.
•Gates, M. 2018. Smoothing the Shift to the Digital Age. Interview with Associated Press.
Available at: https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/melinda-gates-speaks-on-smoothing-the-shift- to-digital-age/. (Accessed on 21 October 2018.)
•Lembede, A. Lembede, A. [1944] [1996[ 2015. Freedom in our Lifetime: The Collected Writings of Anton Muziwakhe Lembede. Edgar, R.R. & L. Ka Msumza (eds.). Cape Town: Kwela Books.
•Mboweni, T. 2018. The World has Changed; We must Change our Mindset about the Economy.
Minister of Finance, Tito Mboweni: 2nd Kader Asmal Memorial Lecture, at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Available at: https://m.fin24.com/Budget/mboweni-the-world-has-
changed-we-must-change-our-mindset-about-the-economy-20181021. (Accessed on 21 October 2018.)
•UDHR 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available at:
http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/
Thank You
International Open Access Week ‘18
1 Conceptual Framework and Methodology
1.1 Ascendant history, into OPENNESS, i.e. of South Africa as a free country, OR:
Our Affirmative Genealogy of Freedom, of dignity, of openness, of social equality, of equal social justice for ALL (both men and women), and of the collective
Constructive Engagement of Social Transformation
Constructive engagement of our historical ontology of the PRESENT, tracing its ascending and continuing
emerging building blocks, moving to a universalizing
Statist/ or Rainbow Nation idea
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
The SOUTH AFRICAN Perspective of the FREEDOM CHARTER
We, the People of South Africa, declare for all our country and the world to know:
10 ARTICLES
ARTICLE 8, is titled: THE DOORS OF LEARNING AND OF CULTURE SHALL BE OPENED!
•The government shall discover, develop and encourage rational talent for the enhancement of our cultural life
• All the cultural treasures of humanity shall open to ALL by free exchange of books, ideas, and contacts with other lands;
•ALL education shall be free, compulsory and universal, and equal for all children
• All Higher education and technical education shall be opened ...
• All Adult illiteracy shall be ended
•Teachers shall have the rights of other citizens
•The colour bar in cultural life, in sport, and in education shall be
abolished
Designing Equitable Foundations for Open Knowledge
The UNIVERSAL Perspective of the UDHR
On 10 December 2018 we shall celebrate 70 Years of the UDHR (10 December 1948)
A Universal DECLARATION of the FREEDOM and EQUALITY of ALL
ON OPENNESS – the UDHR on RIGHTS & FREEDOMS Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, …
....
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of mutual humanity [brotherhood and sisterhood].
....
Article 26
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, ….
...
Bibliography
Said, E. 1979. Orientalism. London: Vintage.
Said, E. 1983. The World, the Text and the Critic. London: Vintage.
Said, E. 1994. Culture & Imperialism. London: Vintage Books.
Smit, J.A. 2017. #DecolonialEnlightenment and Education. Alternation 24,2: 253 – 311.
Available at: http://alternation.ukzn.ac.za/Files/articles/volume-24/issue-2/13-Smit-F.pdf Spivak, G.C. 1988. Can the Subaltern Speak? In Nelson, C & L. Grossberg (eds): Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education. Also available at:
http://abahlali.org/files/Can_the_subaltern_speak.pdf
Young, R.J.C. 2001. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
The maps are freely available on the internet, from various websites.
‘Religion’ in Method & Theory in R&T
Attachment 1 – Amílcar Cabral
“Religion” & “Theolgy” against/ without Empire
Attachment 2 (from Cabral 1970)
Consider these features inherent in an armed liberation struggle:
the practice of democracy, of criticism and self criticism, the increasing responsibility of populations for the direction of their lives, literacy work, creation of schools and health
services, training of cadres from peasant and worker backgrounds—and many other achievements. When we
consider these features, we see that the armed liberation struggle is not only a product of culture but also a determinant of
culture. This is without doubt for the people the prime
recompense for the efforts and sacrifices which war demands. In this perspective it behooves the liberation movement to define clearly the objectives of cultural resistance as an integral
and determining part of the struggle.
“Religion” & “Theolgy” against/ without Empire
• Attachment 3 (Adapted with minor adjustments from Cabral 1970)
From all that has just been said, it can be concluded that in the framework of the conquest of national independence and in the perspective of developing
the economic and social progress of the people, these objectives [ of cultural resistance as an integral and determining part of the
struggle ] must be at least the following: 1) development of a popular culture and of all positive indigenous cultural values ; 2)
development of a national culture based upon the history and the achievements of the struggle itself; 3) constant promotion of the political and moral awareness of the people (of all social groups) as well
as of patriotism, of the spirit of sacrifice and devotion to the cause of independence, of justice, and of progress; 4) development of a technical, technological, and scientific culture, compatible with the
requirements for progress; 5) development on the basis of a critical assimilation of man’s (sic) achievements in the domains of art, science, literature, etc., of a universal culture for perfect integration into the contemporary world, in the perspectives of its evolution; 6) constant and
generalized promotion of feelings of humanism, of solidarity, of
respect and disinterested devotion to human beings.
RELG702 Method & Theory in R&T
Assignment for Critical Reading &
Writing Response 2
Critically explain the concept of
“Religion” and indicate how it provides a conceptual framework for the
constructive understanding of
postcolonial theory with regard to both the prophetic discursive tradition in
the Old Testament, and Jesus’ critique
of empire in the gospels.
The OJS Managing and Production System
References
Said, E. 1979. Orientalism. London: Vintage.
Said, E. 1983. The World, the Text and the Critic. London
