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The results showed that better educated smallholder farmers were more likely to use the insecticide storage technology. Therefore, increased small farmers' access to land will alleviate the problem of hunger gap and food insecurity.
INTRODUCTION
- Background to the study
- Research problem
- Research objectives
- Organisation of the thesis
The second chapter provides a brief review of the literature on storage technology and storage losses among smallholder farmers in developing countries. Introduction, Testing and Diffusion of Smallholder Grain Storage Technologies in Zimbabwe: A Partnership Approach.
AN OVERVIEW OF GRAIN STORAGE, STORAGE LOSSES AND STORAGE
Introduction
Significance of grain storage
Stored grain is actually at risk of storage pest infestation and attack, rodents, birds and even human theft. This requires effective grain storage practices that keep the grain safe in order to reap optimal benefits from farm-level storage.
An overview of storage losses in SSA
Very few studies have looked at determining the level of storage losses in traditional and improved storage technologies in Zimbabwe. It is also crucial to understand where large storage losses occur in these storage practices to inform farmers about the benefits of adopting improved storage technologies.
Traditional grain storage practices
Such studies have not yet been done in Zimbabwe and this article seeks to gather evidence on these storage losses to improve the adoption process of new storage technologies among smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. This study therefore aims to determine the factors influencing the choice of grain storage practices among smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe to inform decisions on the promotion of improved storage technologies and explain why farmers continue to use traditional storage technologies that do not provide effective protection. to the stored corn kernels, leading to potentially enormous PHL.
Stored-products protection methods
The outbreak of LGB in the country exposes the grain stores of small farmers to serious potential pest risks.
Improved grain storage technologies
The technologies are new to Zimbabwe, making the economic viability study one of the first in the country and highly relevant to policymakers working to promote the technologies among smallholder farmers in the country. Improved storage technologies in the form of hermetic metal silos and super grain bags were demonstrated among smallholder farmers in Shamva and Makoni districts.
Factors influencing household storage practices among smallholder farmers
Food security and storage among smallholder farmers
Several studies have examined the determinants of food security in different contexts (urban/rural) and at levels (regional, national, local) using different variables and methodologies (Muhoyi et al., 2014). Ordered probit and tobit regression models were used in Muzah (2015) to estimate the determinants of household food security.
Factors influencing household grain marketing behaviour among smallholder farmers
Sikwela (2008) identified total production, fertilizer, livestock ownership and access to irrigation as key factors in achieving household food security. 2014) and Muzah (2015) looked at household food security in rural and suburban areas in Zimbabwe, respectively.
Factors influencing household technology adoption among smallholder farmers
Asrat, Bellay, and Hamito (2004) examined the determinants of farmers' willingness to practice soil conservation in the southeastern highlands of Ethiopia. Farmers' decision-making processes for agricultural technology adoption are discrete in nature, making qualitative models often best suited for analytical purposes of WTP and storage technology choice.
Study area description
Different kinds of regression models namely Logit, Probit, Multinomial Logit and Multivariate Probit models have been used to analyze farmers' choice of farming practices. 2013) used the probit model to analyze the adoption of small metallic silos in Malawi. The multinomial Logit model was used in this study to analyze factors influencing smallholder farmers' choice of storage practices in Zimbabwe, while binary logistic regression model was used to determine smallholder farmers' willingness to pay for metal silo storage technology and to analyze the effects of storage practices. on the household's hunger gap.
Sampling and data collection tools
However, different sample sizes for the district were due to missing data in some key variables for the study such as production of maize and consequently some households were dropped from the analysis leading to the different sample sizes. While the household characteristics module is relevant to all chapters of the study, some modules are relevant to specific chapters and are therefore presented accordingly.
Summary
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Yam Storage Technologies in the Northern Ecological Zone of Edo State, Nigeria. Determinants of Agricultural and Land Management Practices and Impact on Crop Production and Household Income in the Highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia”.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ CHOICE OF STORAGE
Abstract
Introduction
Hermetic technologies are new in Zimbabwe and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), with support from the Swedish Development Cooperation (SDC), introduced the technology on a pilot basis in 2012, targeting two agricultural districts: Makoni and Shamva (CIMMYT, 2012). As these hermetic technologies are new to smallholder farmers, it is critical to understand factors that influence their choice of storage technology and thereby inform further dissemination of hermetic technologies.
Research methodology
- Data
- Conceptual framework and selection of variables
- Model choice and specification
- Model diagnostic
Therefore, it is postulated that the gender of the household head (Gender) positively influences the choice of grain storage technologies among small farmers. The study expects that total grain stored will positively influence the choice of grain storage technologies among small farmers.
Results and discussion
- Descriptive statistics
- Grain storage technologies among smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe
- Factors influencing choice of grain storage technologies
A categorization of conservation technologies used by smallholder farmers has been made to enable evaluation of the factors influencing the choice of conservation technology. The results show that years of education, total grain stored, business income and wages per capita, and access to extension services influenced the choice of other conservation technologies compared to non-insecticide technologies.
Conclusion and policy recommendations
Furthermore, the total grain stored influenced small farmers to use the insecticide storage technology versus the no insecticide technology. Smallholder farmers with income from business and wage activities showed less likelihood of using the insecticide storage technology.
FACTORS DETERMINING SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR A
Abstract
Introduction
A total of 100 (with a capacity of 1 ton) metal silos were distributed free of charge to small farmers in each district. This study therefore assesses the factors influencing smallholder farmers' WTP for a one-ton hermetic metal silo.
Research methodology
- Data
- Conceptual framework on WTP for storage technology
Understanding the factors that influence farmers' WTP for a new storage technology is therefore critical to designing appropriate storage technology dissemination programs and to inform policy. Farmers' production characteristics such as land size and household size can both positively influence the willingness to pay for metal silo storage technology.
Selection of variables
- Dependent and independent variables
- Model choice and specification
- Model diagnostics
In this study, household size is expected to have a positive effect on smallholder farmers' WTP for metal silo. This study uses descriptive statistics and an econometric model to analyze factors influencing smallholder farmers' WTP for metal silo storage technology.
Results and discussions
- Socio-economic characteristics of respondents
- Logit results of WTP for a one-tonne metal silo
Vegetable income had a positive and statistically significant effect on the probability of being WTP for a metal silo storage technology (p<0.10). Smallholder participation in informal activities had a positive and statistically significant effect on the probability of WTP for a metal silo (p<0.1).
Conclusion and policy recommendations
Another variable that influenced WTP for metal silos is the percentage of physical grain storage loss. The amount of physical grain storage loss (%) in the study area directly and significantly affected WTP for metal silo storage technology (p<0.1).
THE EFFECTS OF GRAIN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES ON MAIZE MARKETING
Abstract
Introduction
This chapter examines the effects of grain storage technology on market participation decisions of smallholder farmers. Analysis of storage technology and participation of smallholder farmers in different market regimes is crucial in designing targeted policy interventions.
Research methodology
- Data
- Analytical framework and selection of variables
- Model choice and specification
- Determinants of market participation
- Dependent variable
- Independent variables
Therefore, the influence of marital status on market participation decisions is expected to be negative. Therefore, the effect of harvested maize on market participation is expected to be positive.
Results and discussions
- Household characteristics and market decisions of smallholder farmers
- Smallholder farmers‟ decisions on market participation
Storage with insecticides showed a positive and statistically significant (p=0.05) impact on farmers' market participation decisions in the study area. The coefficient of the amount of harvested corn was positive and statistically significant (p=0.1) in influencing the decision-making possibilities of market participation of small farmers in the considered area.
Conclusion and policy recommendation
Determinants of market participation among small-scale pineapple farmers in Kericho County, Kenya” Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. Determinants of Market Participation in the Nigerian Small Scale Fisheries Sector: Evidence from the Niger Delta Region.
THE EFFECTS OF GRAIN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE HUNGER GAP
Abstract
Introduction
According to Mhiko et al. 2014), about 70% of the maize produced in Zimbabwe is stored on-farm for household consumption and farm-level enterprises. Mvumi et al., (2013), indicate that the majority of smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe use maize husks for storage and also various preservation methods.
Research methodology
- Data
- Conceptual framework and selection of variables
- Model choice and specification
The second part of the research model looks at the determinants of the intensity of the household hunger gap. Therefore, the expected effect of the district on the hunger gap and its intensity is positive.
Results and discussion
- Household demographic and socio-economic characteristics
- The impact of grain storage practices and storage losses on hunger gap and hunger gap
Business and wage income had a negative and statistically significant effect on the intensity of the hunger gap (p<0.05). Furthermore, the amount of corn harvested showed a negative and statistically significant effect on hunger intensity (p<0.05).
Conclusion
The impact of education on household food security in informal urban settlements in Kenya: A longitudinal analysis. Determinants of household food security in semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe: A case study of irrigated and non-irrigated farmers in Lupane and Hwange Districts.
STORAGE LOSSES AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS AND THE ECONOMIC
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Research methodology
- On-station trial
- Conceptual framework
- Cost benefit analysis
- Financial analysis of maize storage technologies
- Discounting
- Net Present Value
- Benefit Cost Ratio
- Calculation of additional benefits of storage technologies
- Calculation of additional costs of storage technologies
- Results and discussion
- Results of storage losses across storage structures
- Net Present Value and Cost Benefit Analysis
- Sensitivity analysis results
- Conclusion
An investment period of 15 years is used for hermetic storage technologies (Kimenju and de Groote, 2010). Missing Food: The Case of Postharvest Wheat Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa, Report No. 60371-AFR. World Bank.
CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
Recap of the purpose of the study
Conclusions and implications for policy
This suggests that farmers who had larger areas of arable land were less likely to experience hunger shortages than their counterparts. On the other hand, the intensity of hunger increased when the storage technology without insecticides was used to store maize grain.
Policy recommendations
The study recommends policy priorities for increasing production of maize and other non-food crops among smallholder farmers to reduce the hunger gap and promote the adoption of improved storage technologies. The results of the study indicate that vegetable income and participation in informal activities increased smallholder farmers' willingness to adopt metal silo technology.
Study limitations and suggested areas of further research
Reference period: Main Agricultural Season 2012/13 KEY VARIABLES: PID; PNUMB; PCROP Plot ID How many plots there are. MODULE 7A: ADEQUACY OF OWN HARVESTS FOR HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION Reference period: Current 2013/14 marketing season KEY VARIABLES: STMGR; STD.
Contingency Coefficients results, Logit model of hunger gap
